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Purpose: The term of ‘Theory of mind’ (ToM), is the ability to understand one’s own others’ mental states, is an important capacity for social cognition and there is increasing data that theory of mind is compromised in bipolar patients even in euthymic periods. The aim of this study was to investigate theory of mind deficits in euthymic bipolar disorder patients and its relation to the clinical features. Materials and method:Fifty two euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder according to DSM IV-TR and 60 matched healthy control subjects were involved in this study. ToM was assessed by Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Scale. Results: The patient group had significantly lower performance on both of the ToM tests. We observed significant correlation between age of onset, the number of hospitalizations, the number of manic/mixed episodes and theory of mind performance. Conclusion: The result we showed is that ToM is impaired in euthymic bipolar I patients, which is consistent with the studies suggesting that ToM might be a trait marker for bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Research in treatment-naïve, first episode patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) suggest a pre-diabetic condition at the onset of illness. However, we have limited knowledge on glucose metabolism differences across diagnostic categories of SMIs. AIMS: To compare the differences of glucose metabolism outcomes between treatment-naïve, patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) and mood disorders. METHOD: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of glucose intolerance in treatment-naïve, first episode patients with SMIs. RESULTS: We identified 31 eligible studies. Compared to healthy controls, FEP group have higher insulin and insulin resistance levels, and both groups have higher glucose tolerance test results. No significant differences were found in glucose metabolism outcomes between FEP and mood disorder groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight impaired glucose metabolism at the onset of SMIs, suggesting both patients with psychosis and mood disorders are high-risk groups for diabetes development.

The relationship of childhood trauma, dissociative experiences and depression with pain in female patients with fibromyalgia: a cross-sectional study Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate childhood trauma (CT) and dissociative symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia and evaluate the relationship of these characteristics with pain intensity. Methods: Forty patients followed up with fibromyalgia diagnosis in the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic; and as a control group, 38 healthy individuals who have similar age, gender, and educational status, were included in the study. A sociodemographic and clinical data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were administered to participants. Results: Emotional abuse, physical neglect, physical abuse, CTQ total, SDQ and DES scores were found to be significantly higher in the fibromyalgia group than the control group. Only the difference for SDQ scores remained significant when a comparison made between groups by controlling depression levels. Somatoform dissociation scores were found to be a significant predictor of pain intensity in patients with fibromyalgia. Conclusion: Somatoform dissociative symptoms are found to be higher in patients with fibromyalgia than the control group. These symptoms may contribute to development and exacerbation of pain in fibromyalgia. Taking the dissociative symptoms into account have an important role in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia who have a frequent history of CT, so the treatment of these patients should be carried out in cooperation with psychiatrists.