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1. Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition

Author

Levis, C., Costa, F. R. C., Bongers, F., Peña-Claros, M., Clement, C. R., Junqueira, A. B., Neves, E. G., Tamanaha, E. K., Figueiredo, F. O. G., Salomão, R. P., Castilho, C. V., Magnusson, W. E., Phillips, O. L., Guevara, J. E., Sabatier, D., Molino, J.-F., López, D. Cárdenas, Mendoza, A. M., Pitman, N. C. A., Duque, A., Vargas, P. Núñez, Zartman, C. E., Vasquez, R., Andrade, A., Camargo, J. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Laurance, S. G. W., Laurance, W. F., Killeen, T. J., Nascimento, H. E. Mendonça, Montero, J. C., Mostacedo, B., Amaral, I. L., Vieira, I. C. Guimarães, Brienen, R., Castellanos, H., Terborgh, J., de Jesus Veiga Carim, M., da Silva Guimarães, J. R., de Souza Coelho, L., de Almeida Matos, F. D., Wittmann, F., Mogollón, H. F., Damasco, G., Dávila, N., García-Villacorta, R., Coronado, E. N. H., Emilio, T., de Andrade Lima Filho, D., Schietti, J., Souza, P., Targhetta, N., Comiskey, J. A., Marimon, B. S., Marimon, B.-H., Neill, D., Alonso, A., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F. A., de Souza, F. C., Dallmeier, F., Pansonato, M. P., Duivenvoorden, J. F., Fine, P. V. A., Stevenson, P. R., Araujo-Murakami, A., Aymard C., G. A., Baraloto, C., do Amaral, D. D., Engel, J., Henkel, T. W., Maas, P., Petronelli, P., Revilla, J. D. Cardenas, Stropp, J., Daly, D., Gribel, R., Paredes, M. Ríos, Silveira, M., Thomas-Caesar, R., Baker, T. R., da Silva, N. F., Ferreira, L. V., Peres, C. A., Silman, M. R., Cerón, C., Valverde, F. C., Di Fiore, A., Jimenez, E. M., Mora, M. C. Peñuela, Toledo, M., Barbosa, E. M., de Matos Bonates, L. C., Arboleda, N. C., de Sousa Farias, E., Fuentes, A., Guillaumet, J.-L., Jørgensen, P. Møller, Malhi, Y., de Andrade Miranda, I. P., Phillips, J. F., Prieto, A., Rudas, A., Ruschel, A. R., Silva, N., von Hildebrand, P., Vos, V. A., Zent, E. L., Zent, S., Cintra, B. B. L., Nascimento, M. T., Oliveira, A. A., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Ramos, J. F., Rivas, G., Schöngart, J., Sierra, R., Tirado, M., van der Heijden, G., Torre, E. V., Wang, O., Young, K. R., Baider, C., Cano, A., Farfan-Rios, W., Ferreira, C., Hoffman, B., Mendoza, C., Mesones, I., Torres-Lezama, A., Medina, M. N. U., van Andel, T. R., Villarroel, D., Zagt, R., Alexiades, M. N., Balslev, H., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Gonzales, T., Hernandez, L., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Manzatto, A. G., Milliken, W., Cuenca, W. P., Pansini, S., Pauletto, D., Arevalo, F. R., Reis, N. F. Costa, Sampaio, A. F., Giraldo, L. E. Urrego, Sandoval, E. H. Valderrama, Gamarra, L. Valenzuela, Vela, C. I. A., and ter Steege, H.

Published
2017

2. Diversity enhances carbon storage in tropical forests

Author

Poorter, L., van der Sande, M. T., Thompson, J., Arets, E. J. M. M., Alarcón, A., Álvarez-Sánchez, J., Ascarrunz, N., Balvanera, P., Barajas-Guzmán, G., Boit, A., Bongers, F., Carvalho, F. A., Casanoves, F., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Costa, F. R. C., de Castilho, C. V., Duivenvoorden, J. F., Dutrieux, L. P., Enquist, B. J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Finegan, B., Gormley, L. H. L., Healey, J. R., Hoosbeek, M. R., Ibarra-Manriquez, G., Junqueira, A. B., Levis, C., Licona, J. C., Lisboa, L. S., Magnusson, W. E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martínez-Yrizar, A., Martorano, L. G., Maskell, L. C., Mazzei, L., Meave, J. A., Mora, F., Muñoz, R., Nytch, C., Pansonato, M. P., Parr, T. W., Paz, H., Pérez-García, E. A., Rentería, L. Y., Rodríguez-Velazquez, J., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Ruschel, A. R., Sakschewski, B., Salgado-Negret, B., Schietti, J., Simões, M., Sinclair, F. L., Souza, P. F., Souza, F. C., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Swenson, N. G., Thonicke, K., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., van der Hout, P., Walker, P., Zamora, N., and Peña-Claros, M.

Published
2015

3. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, R. J. W., Phillips, O. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Gloor, E., Baker, T. R., Lloyd, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S. L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E. J. M. M., Arroyo, L., Aymard, G. A. C., Bánki, O. S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R. G. A., Camargo, J. L. C., Castilho, C. V., Chama, V., Chao, K. J., Chave, J., Comiskey, J. A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E. A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, T. L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, D. R., Grahame, E. S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, W. F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W. E., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D. A., Nogueira, E. M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N. C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G. C., Pitman, N. C. A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, R. P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R. K., van der Heijden, G. M. F., van der Hout, P., Guimarães Vieira, I. C., Vieira, S. A., Vilanova, E., Vos, V. A., and Zagt, R. J.

Published
2015
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4. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (5515), 10.1038/s41467-020-18996-3)

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, A, Phillips, OL, Brienen, RJW, Fauset, S, Sullivan, MJP, Baker, TR, Chao, KJ, Feldpausch, TR, Gloor, E, Higuchi, N, Houwing-Duistermaat, J, Lloyd, J, Liu, H, Malhi, Y, Marimon, B, Marimon Junior, BH, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A, Poorter, L, Silveira, M, Torre, EV, Dávila, EA, del Aguila Pasquel, J, Almeida, E, Loayza, PA, Andrade, A, Aragão, LEOC, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Aymard C, GA, Baisie, M, Baraloto, C, Camargo, PB, Barroso, J, Blanc, L, Bonal, D, Bongers, F, Boot, R, Brown, F, Burban, B, Camargo, JL, Castro, W, Moscoso, VC, Chave, J, Comiskey, J, Valverde, FC, da Costa, AL, Cardozo, ND, Di Fiore, A, Dourdain, A, Erwin, T, Llampazo, GF, Vieira, ICG, Herrera, R, Honorio Coronado, E, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Jimenez-Rojas, E, Killeen, T, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Levesley, A, Lewis, SL, Ladvocat, KLLM, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Lovejoy, T, Meir, P, Mendoza, C, Morandi, P, Neill, D, Nogueira Lima, AJ, Vargas, PN, de Oliveira, EA, Camacho, NP, Pardo, G, Peacock, J, Peña-Claros, M, Peñuela-Mora, MC, Pickavance, G, Pipoly, J, Pitman, N, Prieto, A, Pugh, TAM, Quesada, C, Ramirez-Angulo, H, de Almeida Reis, SM, Rejou-Machain, M, Correa, ZR, Bayona, LR, Rudas, A, Salomão, R, Serrano, J, Espejo, JS, Silva, N, Singh, J, Stahl, C, Stropp, J, Swamy, V, Talbot, J, ter Steege, H, and Terborgh, J

Abstract

The original version of this Article contained an error in Table 2, where the number of individuals in the “All Amazonia” row was reported as 11,6431 instead of 116,431. Also, the original version of this Article contained an error in the Methods, where the R2 for the proportion of broken/uprooted dead trees increase per year was reported as 0.12, the correct value being 0.06. The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Gerardo A. Aymard C. with UNELLEZGuanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress–Greenlife.

Published
2021

5. The ghosts of forests past and future: deforestation and botanical sampling in the Brazilian Amazon.

Author

Stropp, J., Umbelino, B., Correia, R. A., Campos‐Silva, J. V., Ladle, R. J., and Malhado, A. C. M.

Subjects
*DEFORESTATION, *GRID cells
Abstract

The remarkable biodiversity of the Brazilian Amazon is poorly documented and threatened by deforestation. When undocumented areas become deforested, in addition to losing the fauna and flora, we lose the opportunity to know which unique species had occupied a habitat. Here we quantify such knowledge loss by calculating how much of the Brazilian Amazon has been deforested and will likely be deforested until 2050 without having its tree flora sufficiently documented. To this end, we analysed 399 147 digital specimens of nearly 6000 tree species in relation to official deforestation statistics and future deforestation scenarios. We find that by 2017, 30% of all the localities where tree specimens had been collected were mostly deforested. Some 300 000 km2 (12%; 485 25 × 25 km grid cells) of the Brazilian Amazon had been deforested by 2017, without having a single tree specimen recorded. An additional 250 000–900 000 km2 of severely under‐collected rainforest will likely become deforested by 2050. If future tree sampling is to cover this area, sampling effort has to increase two‐ to six‐fold. Nearly 255 000 km2 or 7% of rainforest in the Brazilian Amazon is easily accessible but does yet but remain under‐collected. Our study highlights how progressing deforestation increases the risk of losing undocumented species of a hyper‐diverse tree flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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6. Amazon forest response to repeated droughts

Author

Feldpausch, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Brienen, R. J. W., Gloor, E., Lloyd, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Alarcón, A., Dávila, E. Álvarez, Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Arroyo, L., Aymard C, G. A., Baker, T. R., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Castro, W., Chama, V., Chave, J., Domingues, T. F., Fauset, S., Groot, N., Honorio Coronado, E., Laurance, S., Laurance, W. F., Lewis, S. L., Licona, J. C., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Mendoza Bautista, C., Neill, D. A., Oliveira, E. A., Santos, C. Oliveira Dos, Pallqui Camacho, N. C., Pardo-Molina, G., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Réjou-Méchain, M., Rudas, A., Saiz, G., Salomão, R. P., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Silveira, M., Steege, H. Ter, Stropp, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Heijden, G. M. F., Vásquez Martinez, R., Vilanova, E., Vincent Antoine Vos, Chercheur indépendant, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Standard, and Consortium NE/I02982X/1, Niche Evolution of South American Trees NE/I028122/1, AMAZONICA NE/F005806/1, TROBIT NE/D005590/1, European Union 282664, CNPq/PELD 403725/2012-7, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazil, 177/2012 European Research Council, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01 TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041, CNES funds (TOSCA), Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments project 694, and The Royal Society

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], TROPICAL FORESTS, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, precipitation, INDUCED TREE MORTALITY, LIANAS, MECHANISMS, BIOMASS, PLOTS, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, 0402 Geochemistry, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, water deficit, forest productivity, Science & Technology, CLIMATE-CHANGE, vegetation dynamics, carbon, fungi, food and beverages, Geology, RAIN-FOREST, SOILS, Physical Sciences, tree mortality, GROWTH, 0401 Atmospheric Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

The Amazon Basin has experienced more variable climate over the last decade, with a severe and widespread drought in 2005 causing large basin-wide losses of biomass. A drought of similar climatological magnitude occurred again in 2010; however, there has been no basin-wide ground-based evaluation of effects on vegetation. We examine to what extent the 2010 drought affected forest dynamics using ground-based observations of mortality and growth from an extensive forest plot network. We find that during the 2010 drought interval, forests did not gain biomass (net change: −0.43 Mg ha−1, confidence interval (CI): −1.11, 0.19, n = 97), regardless of whether forests experienced precipitation deficit anomalies. This contrasted with a long-term biomass sink during the baseline pre-2010 drought period (1998 to pre-2010) of 1.33 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (CI: 0.90, 1.74, p

Published
2016
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7. Estimating the global conservation status of over 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Author

Steege, HT, Pitman, NCA, Killeen, TJ, Laurance, WF, Peres, CA, Guevara, JE, Salomão, RP, Castilho, CV, Amaral, IL, Dionízia de Almeida Matos, F, de Souza Coelho, L, Magnusson, WE, Phillips, OLB, de Andrade Lima Filho, D, de Jesus Veiga Carim, M, Victória Irume, M, Martins, MP, Molino, J-F, Sabatier, D, Wittmann, F, Lopez, DC, da Silva Guimarães, JR, Monteagudo Mendoza, A, Vargas, PN, Manzatto, AG, Farias Costa Reis, N, Terborgh, J, Casula, KR, Montero, JC, Feldpausch, TR, Honorio Coronado, EN, Duque Montoya, AJ, Zartman, ZE, Mostacedo, B, Vasquez, R, Assis, RL, Brilhante Medeiros, M, Fragomeni Simon, M, Andrade, A, Camargo, JL, Laurance, SGW, Mendonça Nascimento, HE, Marimon, BS, Marimon Jr, B-H, Costa F, Targhetta, N, Guimarães Vieira, IC, Brienen, R, Castellanos, H, Duivenvoorden, JF, Mogollón, HF, Fernandez Piedade, MT, Aymard, GA, Comiskey, JA, Damasco, G, Dávila, N, García-Villacorta, R, Stevenson Diaz, PR, Vincentini, A, Emilio, T, Levis, C, Schietti, J, Souza, P, Alonso, A, Dallmeier, F, Valle Ferreira, L, Neill, D, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arroyo, L, Antunes Carvalho, F, Coelho Souza, F, Dantas do Amaral, D, Gribel, R, Garcia Luize, B, Petrati Pansonato, M, Venticinque, E, Fine, P, Toldeo, M, Baraloto, C, Cerón, C, Engel, J, Henkel, TW, Jimenez, EM, Maas, P, Peñuela Mora, MC, Petronelli, P, Cardenas Revilla, JD, Silveira, M, Stropp, J, Thomas-Caesar, R, Baker, TR, Daly, D, Ríos Paredes, M, Ferreira da Silva, N, Fuentes, A, Møller Jørgensen, P, Schöngart, J, Silman, MR, Castaño Arboleda, N, Ladvocat Cintra, B, Cornejo Valverde, F, Di Fiore, A, Fernando Phillips, J, van Andel, TR, von Hildebrand, P, Marques Barbosa, E, de Matos Bonates, LC, de Castro, D, de Sousa Farias, E, Gonzales, T, Guillaumet, J-L, Hoffman, B, Malhi, Y, de Andrade Miranda, IP, Prieto, M, Rudas, A, Ruschell, AR, Silva, N, Vela, CIA, Vos, VA, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Cano, A, Trindade Nascimento, M, Oliveira, AA, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ferreira Ramos, J, Sierra, R, Tirado, M, Umaña Medina, MN, van der Heijden, G, Vilanova Torre, E, Vriesendorp, C, Wang, O, Young, KR, Baider, C, Balslev, H, de Castro, N, Farfan-Rios, W, Ferreira, C, Mendoza, C, Mesonos, I, Torres-Lezama, A, Urrego Giraldo, LE, Villarroel, D, Zagt, R, Alexiades, MN, Garcia-Cabrera, K, Hernandez, L, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Milliken, W, Palacios Cuenca, W, Pansini, S, Pauletto, D, Ramirez Arevalo, F, Sampaio, AF, and Valderrama Sandoval, EH

Abstract

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare, and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. Here we overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 40% and up to 64% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under IUCN Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We further show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and predict that most of the world's >40,000 tropical tree species currently qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if those areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.

Published
2015

9. Disentangling regional and local tree diversity in the Amazon

Author

Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Malhi, Y., Molino, Jean-François (collab.), Pélissier, Raphaël (collab.), Prévost, Marie-Françoise (collab.), and Sabatier, Daniel (collab.)

Subjects
FORET, STRUCTURE DU PEUPLEMENT, PALEOCLIMAT, FACTEUR CLIMATIQUE, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, DYNAMIQUE DE VEGETATION, DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE, ARBRE FORESTIER
Published
2009

15. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, Roel J.W., Phillips, Oliver L., Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, E., Baker, Tim R., Lloyd, J., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S.L., Alexiades, M., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, Eric J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Aymard C., G. A., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R.G.A., Castilho, Carolina V., Chama, V., Chao, K.J., Chave, J., Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E.A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, Terry L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, David R., Grahame, E.S., Groot, N., Higuchi, N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, William F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W.E., Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D.A., Nogueira, E,M., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, Nigel C.A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, Carlos A., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R.K.., van der Heijden, Geertje M.F., van der Hout, Peter, Vieira, Simone A., Vilanova, Emilio, Vos, Vincent A., and Zagt, Roderick J.

Subjects
Forest ecology, Climate-change ecology, Population dynamics

16. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author

Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Marisol Toledo, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, José Luís Camargo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Georgia Pickavance, Pieter A. Zuidema, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Simon L. Lewis, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, René G. A. Boot, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Lourens Poorter, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Benoit Burban, Carlos A. Quesada, Kuo-Jung Chao, Casimiro Mendoza, Hans ter Steege, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Paulo S. Morandi, Adriana Prieto, Juliana Stropp, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, James Singh, Jon Lloyd, Timothy R. Baker, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Patrick Meir, Roderick Zagt, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Joey Talbot, Marielos Peña-Claros, Luzmila Arroyo, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Michel Baisie, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Julio Serrano, Raquel Thomas, Aurora Levesley, Emanuel Gloor, Julie Peacock, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Timothy J. Killeen, Yadvinder Malhi, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Natalino Silva, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Jorcely Barroso, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, William F. Laurance, Guido Pardo, James A. Comiskey, Agustín Rudas, Sophie Fauset, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Rafael Herrera, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Victor Chama Moscoso, Ted R. Feldpausch, Aurélie Dourdain, Damien Bonal, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Terry L. Erwin, Lilian Blanc, Anthony Di Fiore, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Haiyan Liu, Vincent A. Vos, Foster Brown, Roel J. W. Brienen, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Niro Higuchi, John Pipoly, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Peter van der Hout, University of Leeds, Plymouth University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), University of Plymouth, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Esquivel-Muelbert A., Phillips O.L., Brienen R.J.W., Fauset S., Sullivan M.J.P., Baker T.R., Chao K.-J., Feldpausch T.R., Gloor E., Higuchi N., Houwing-Duistermaat J., Lloyd J., Liu H., Malhi Y., Marimon B., Marimon Junior B.H., Monteagudo-Mendoza A., Poorter L., Silveira M., Torre E.V., Davila E.A., del Aguila Pasquel J., Almeida E., Loayza P.A., Andrade A., Aragao L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami A., Arets E., Arroyo L., Aymard C G.A., Baisie M., Baraloto C., Camargo P.B., Barroso J., Blanc L., Bonal D., Bongers F., Boot R., Brown F., Burban B., Camargo J.L., Castro W., Moscoso V.C., Chave J., Comiskey J., Valverde F.C., da Costa A.L., Cardozo N.D., Di Fiore A., Dourdain A., Erwin T., Llampazo G.F., Vieira I.C.G., Herrera R., Honorio Coronado E., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I., Jimenez-Rojas E., Killeen T., Laurance S., Laurance W., Levesley A., Lewis S.L., Ladvocat K.L.L.M., Lopez-Gonzalez G., Lovejoy T., Meir P., Mendoza C., Morandi P., Neill D., Nogueira Lima A.J., Vargas P.N., de Oliveira E.A., Camacho N.P., Pardo G., Peacock J., Pena-Claros M., Penuela-Mora M.C., Pickavance G., Pipoly J., Pitman N., Prieto A., Pugh T.A.M., Quesada C., Ramirez-Angulo H., de Almeida Reis S.M., Rejou-Machain M., Correa Z.R., Bayona L.R., Rudas A., Salomao R., Serrano J., Espejo J.S., Silva N., Singh J., Stahl C., Stropp J., Swamy V., Talbot J., ter Steege H., Terborgh J., Thomas R., Toledo M., Torres-Lezama A., Gamarra L.V., van der Heijden G., van der Meer P., van der Hout P., Martinez R.V., Vieira S.A., Cayo J.V., Vos V., Zagt R., Zuidema P., Galbraith D., University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chemistry(all), Software_GENERAL, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Amazonegebied, Carbon sink, Trees, Growth–survival trade-off, Risk Factors, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Biomass (ecology), GE, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Bomen, Mortality rate, food and beverages, risk factors, mortality, trees, PE&RC, Tropical ecology, Tree (data structure), population characteristics, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Brazil, geographic locations, GE Environmental Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Carbon Sequestration, Science, Physics and Astronomy(all), Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Tree mortality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, parasitic diseases, Forest ecology, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Author Correction, Vegetatie, Proportional Hazards Models, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), DAS, social sciences, General Chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Sterfte, lcsh:Q, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted—modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth–survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality., Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.

Published
2020
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17. The pace of life for forest trees.

Author

Bialic-Murphy L, McElderry RM, Esquivel-Muelbert A, van den Hoogen J, Zuidema PA, Phillips OL, de Oliveira EA, Loayza PA, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves LF, Maia VA, Vieira SA, Arantes da Silva LC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets E, Astigarraga J, Baccaro F, Baker T, Banki O, Barroso J, Blanc L, Bonal D, Bongers F, Bordin KM, Brienen R, de Medeiros MB, Camargo JL, Araújo FC, Castilho CV, Castro W, Moscoso VC, Comiskey J, Costa F, Müller SC, de Almeida EC, Lôla da Costa AC, de Andrade Kamimura V, de Oliveira F, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Derroire G, Dexter K, Di Fiore A, Duchesne L, Emílio T, Farrapo CL, Fauset S, Draper FC, Feldpausch TR, Ramos RF, Martins VF, Simon MF, Reis MG, Manzatto AG, Herault B, Herrera R, Coronado EH, Howe R, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Huasco WH, Zanini KJ, Joly C, Killeen T, Klipel J, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, Fontes MAL, Oviedo WL, Magnusson WE, Dos Santos RM, Peña JLM, de Abreu KMP, Marimon B, Junior BHM, Melgaço K, Melo Cruz OA, Mendoza C, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Morandi PS, Gianasi FM, Nascimento H, Nascimento M, Neill D, Palacios W, Camacho NCP, Pardo G, Pennington RT, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Cruz AP, Ramírez-Angulo H, Reis SM, Correa ZR, Rodriguez CR, Lleras AR, Santos FAM, Bergamin RS, Schietti J, Schwartz G, Serrano J, Silva-Sene AM, Silveira M, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Tobler MW, Gamarra LV, van der Meer PJ, van der Heijden G, Vasquez R, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Wolf A, Woodall CW, Wortel V, Zwerts JA, Pugh TAM, and Crowther TW

Subjects
Carbon metabolism, Longevity, Temperature, Carbon Cycle, Forests, Life History Traits, Trees growth & development
Abstract

Tree growth and longevity trade-offs fundamentally shape the terrestrial carbon balance. Yet, we lack a unified understanding of how such trade-offs vary across the world's forests. By mapping life history traits for a wide range of species across the Americas, we reveal considerable variation in life expectancies from 10 centimeters in diameter (ranging from 1.3 to 3195 years) and show that the pace of life for trees can be accurately classified into four demographic functional types. We found emergent patterns in the strength of trade-offs between growth and longevity across a temperature gradient. Furthermore, we show that the diversity of life history traits varies predictably across forest biomes, giving rise to a positive relationship between trait diversity and productivity. Our pan-latitudinal assessment provides new insights into the demographic mechanisms that govern the carbon turnover rate across forest biomes.

Published
2024
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18. The biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora.

Author

Luize BG, Tuomisto H, Ekelschot R, Dexter KG, Amaral ILD, Coelho LS, Matos FDA, Lima Filho DA, Salomão RP, Wittmann F, Castilho CV, Carim MJV, Guevara JE, Phillips OL, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Cardenas Revilla JD, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Ramos JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Cárdenas López D, Pitman NCA, Demarchi LO, Schöngart J, de Leão Novo EMM, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Mendoza AM, Montero JC, Costa FRC, Feldpausch TR, Quaresma AC, Castaño Arboleda N, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Assis RL, Baraloto C, do Amaral DD, Engel J, Petronelli P, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Rincón LM, Schietti J, Sousa TR, Mori GB, Farias ES, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Nascimento HEM, de Queiroz HL, Vasconcelos CC, Aymard C GA, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Cintra BBL, Baker TR, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Duivenvoorden JF, Peres CA, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, Draper FC, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Vicentini A, Valverde FC, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Noronha JC, de Aguiar DPP, Barbosa FR, Bredin YK, Carpanedo RS, Carvalho FA, Souza FC, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Haugaasen T, Hawes JE, Pansonato MP, Pipoly JJ 3rd, Paredes MR, Rodrigues DJ, Barlow J, Berenguer E, da Silva IB, Ferreira MJ, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Levis C, Licona JC, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Durgante FM, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Householder JE, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Milliken W, Molina GP, Pennington T, Vieira ICG, Albuquerque BW, Campelo W, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Pena JLM, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Pereira LO, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, Bonates LCM, Dávila Doza HP, Zárate Gómez R, Gonzales T, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, Miranda IPA, Pinto LFM, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent S, Zent EL, Endara MJ, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Monteiro Flores B, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Lobo G, Torres Montenegro L, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Pombo MM, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Vargas TM, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Fortier RP, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Hirota M, Palma-Silva C, and Ter Steege H

Subjects
Brazil, Biodiversity, Forests, Soil chemistry, Geography, Phylogeography, Trees
Abstract

We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Within-plot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central-eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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19. Bimetallic CuPd nanoparticles supported on ZnO or graphene for CO 2 and CO conversion to methane and methanol.

Author

Maqbool Q, Dobrezberger K, Stropp J, Huber M, Kontrus KL, Aspalter A, Neuhauser J, Schachinger T, Löffler S, and Rupprechter G

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) hydrogenation to methane (CH 4 ) or methanol (MeOH) is a promising pathway to reduce CO 2 emissions and to mitigate dependence on rapidly depleting fossil fuels. Along these lines, a series of catalysts comprising copper (Cu) or palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on zinc oxide (ZnO) as well as bimetallic CuPd NPs supported on ZnO or graphene were synthesized via various methodologies. The prepared catalysts underwent comprehensive characterization via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction and desorption (H 2 -TPR and H 2 -TPD), and deuterium temperature-programmed desorption (D 2 O-TPD). In the CO 2 hydrogenation process carried out at 20 bar and elevated temperatures (300 to 500 °C), Cu, Pd, and CuPd NPs (<5 wt% loading) supported on ZnO or graphene predominantly yielded CH 4 as the primary product, with CO generated as a byproduct via the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. For CO hydrogenation between 400 and 500 °C, the CO conversion was at least 40% higher than the CO 2 conversion, with CH 4 and CO 2 identified as the main products, the latter from water gas shift. Employing 90 wt% Cu on ZnO led to an enhanced CO conversion of 14%, with the MeOH yield reaching 10% and the CO 2 yield reaching 4.3% at 230 °C. Overall, the results demonstrate that lower Cu/Pd loading (<5 wt%) supported on ZnO/graphene favored CH 4 production, while higher Cu content (90 wt%) promoted MeOH production, for both CO 2 and CO hydrogenation at high pressure., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Published
2024
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20. One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains.

Author

Householder JE, Wittmann F, Schöngart J, Piedade MTF, Junk WJ, Latrubesse EM, Quaresma AC, Demarchi LO, de S Lobo G, Aguiar DPP, Assis RL, Lopes A, Parolin P, Leão do Amaral I, Coelho LS, de Almeida Matos FD, Lima Filho DA, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Guevara-Andino JE, Carim MJV, Phillips OL, Cárdenas López D, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Revilla JDC, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Ramos JF, Rodrigues DJ, Bánki OS, Peres CA, Pitman NCA, Hawes JE, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Dos Santos MCV, Luize BG, Novo EMML, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Costa FRC, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Castaño Arboleda N, Engel J, Petronelli P, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Rincón LM, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Schietti J, Sousa TR, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Dantas do Amaral D, Castellanos H, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Farias ES, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Mendonça Nascimento HE, Queiroz HL, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Baker TR, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Noronha JC, Barbosa FR, de Sá Carpanedo R, Duivenvoorden JF, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Levis C, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Carvalho FA, Coelho de Souza F, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Dexter KG, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Licona JC, Pennington T, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Maas P, Pos E, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Milliken W, Pardo Molina G, Vieira ICG, Albuquerque BW, Campelo W, Emilio T, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Marcelo Pena JL, Souza PF, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Pereira LO, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, Bonates LCM, Doza HPD, Gómez RZ, Gonzales T, Gonzales GPG, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, Miranda IPA, Mozombite-Pinto LF, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent S, Zent EL, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Valenzuela Gamarra L, and Ter Steege H

Subjects
Brazil, Forests, Biodiversity, Trees, Rivers, Floods
Abstract

Amazonia's floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region's floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon's tree diversity and its function., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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21. Author Correction: One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains.

Author

Householder JE, Wittmann F, Schöngart J, Piedade MTF, Junk WJ, Latrubesse EM, Quaresma AC, Demarchi LO, de S Lobo G, Aguiar DPP, Assis RL, Lopes A, Parolin P, Leão do Amaral I, Coelho LS, de Almeida Matos FD, Lima Filho DA, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Guevara-Andino JE, Carim MJV, Phillips OL, Cárdenas López D, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Revilla JDC, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Ramos JF, Rodrigues DJ, Bánki OS, Peres CA, Pitman NCA, Hawes JE, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Dos Santos MCV, Luize BG, Novo EMML, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Costa FRC, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Castaño Arboleda N, Engel J, Petronelli P, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Rincón LM, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Schietti J, Sousa TR, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Dantas do Amaral D, Castellanos H, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Farias ES, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Mendonça Nascimento HE, Queiroz HL, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Baker TR, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Noronha JC, Barbosa FR, de Sá Carpanedo R, Duivenvoorden JF, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Levis C, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Carvalho FA, Coelho de Souza F, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Dexter KG, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Licona JC, Pennington T, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Maas P, Pos E, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Milliken W, Pardo Molina G, Vieira ICG, Albuquerque BW, Campelo W, Emilio T, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Marcelo Pena JL, Souza PF, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Pereira LO, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, Bonates LCM, Doza HPD, Gómez RZ, Gonzales T, Gonzales GPG, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, Miranda IPA, Mozombite-Pinto LF, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent S, Zent EL, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Valenzuela Gamarra L, and Ter Steege H

Published
2024
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22. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities.

Author

Cooper DLM, Lewis SL, Sullivan MJP, Prado PI, Ter Steege H, Barbier N, Slik F, Sonké B, Ewango CEN, Adu-Bredu S, Affum-Baffoe K, de Aguiar DPP, Ahuite Reategui MA, Aiba SI, Albuquerque BW, de Almeida Matos FD, Alonso A, Amani CA, do Amaral DD, do Amaral IL, Andrade A, de Andrade Miranda IP, Angoboy IB, Araujo-Murakami A, Arboleda NC, Arroyo L, Ashton P, Aymard C GA, Baider C, Baker TR, Balinga MPB, Balslev H, Banin LF, Bánki OS, Baraloto C, Barbosa EM, Barbosa FR, Barlow J, Bastin JF, Beeckman H, Begne S, Bengone NN, Berenguer E, Berry N, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, Bonyoma B, Boundja P, Bourland N, Boyemba Bosela F, Brambach F, Brienen R, Burslem DFRP, Camargo JL, Campelo W, Cano A, Cárdenas S, Cárdenas López D, de Sá Carpanedo R, Carrero Márquez YA, Carvalho FA, Casas LF, Castellanos H, Castilho CV, Cerón C, Chapman CA, Chave J, Chhang P, Chutipong W, Chuyong GB, Cintra BBL, Clark CJ, Coelho de Souza F, Comiskey JA, Coomes DA, Cornejo Valverde F, Correa DF, Costa FRC, Costa JBP, Couteron P, Culmsee H, Cuni-Sanchez A, Dallmeier F, Damasco G, Dauby G, Dávila N, Dávila Doza HP, De Alban JDT, de Assis RL, De Canniere C, De Haulleville T, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Demarchi LO, Dexter KG, Di Fiore A, Din HHM, Disney MI, Djiofack BY, Djuikouo MK, Do TV, Doucet JL, Draper FC, Droissart V, Duivenvoorden JF, Engel J, Estienne V, Farfan-Rios W, Fauset S, Feeley KJ, Feitosa YO, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira C, Ferreira J, Ferreira LV, Fletcher CD, Flores BM, Fofanah A, Foli EG, Fonty É, Fredriksson GM, Fuentes A, Galbraith D, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Garcia-Cabrera K, García-Villacorta R, Gomes VHF, Gómez RZ, Gonzales T, Gribel R, Guedes MC, Guevara JE, Hakeem KR, Hall JS, Hamer KC, Hamilton AC, Harris DJ, Harrison RD, Hart TB, Hector A, Henkel TW, Herbohn J, Hockemba MBN, Hoffman B, Holmgren M, Honorio Coronado EN, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Hubau W, Imai N, Irume MV, Jansen PA, Jeffery KJ, Jimenez EM, Jucker T, Junqueira AB, Kalamandeen M, Kamdem NG, Kartawinata K, Kasongo Yakusu E, Katembo JM, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kessler M, Khaing TT, Killeen TJ, Kitayama K, Klitgaard B, Labrière N, Laumonier Y, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Laurent F, Le TC, Le TT, Leal ME, Leão de Moraes Novo EM, Levesley A, Libalah MB, Licona JC, Lima Filho DA, Lindsell JA, Lopes A, Lopes MA, Lovett JC, Lowe R, Lozada JR, Lu X, Luambua NK, Luize BG, Maas P, Magalhães JLL, Magnusson WE, Mahayani NPD, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Maniguaje Rincón L, Mansor A, Manzatto AG, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martins MP, Mbayu FM, de Medeiros MB, Mesones I, Metali F, Mihindou V, Millet J, Milliken W, Mogollón HF, Molino JF, Mohd Said MN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Moore S, Mostacedo B, Mozombite Pinto LF, Mukul SA, Munishi PKT, Nagamasu H, Nascimento HEM, Nascimento MT, Neill D, Nilus R, Noronha JC, Nsenga L, Núñez Vargas P, Ojo L, Oliveira AA, de Oliveira EA, Ondo FE, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pansonato MP, Paredes MR, Paudel E, Pauletto D, Pearson RG, Pena JLM, Pennington RT, Peres CA, Permana A, Petronelli P, Peñuela Mora MC, Phillips JF, Phillips OL, Pickavance G, Piedade MTF, Pitman NCA, Ploton P, Popelier A, Poulsen JR, Prieto A, Primack RB, Priyadi H, Qie L, Quaresma AC, de Queiroz HL, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Reis NFC, Reitsma J, Revilla JDC, Riutta T, Rivas-Torres G, Robiansyah I, Rocha M, Rodrigues DJ, Rodriguez-Ronderos ME, Rovero F, Rozak AH, Rudas A, Rutishauser E, Sabatier D, Sagang LB, Sampaio AF, Samsoedin I, Satdichanh M, Schietti J, Schöngart J, Scudeller VV, Seuaturien N, Sheil D, Sierra R, Silman MR, Silva TSF, da Silva Guimarães JR, Simo-Droissart M, Simon MF, Sist P, Sousa TR, de Sousa Farias E, de Souza Coelho L, Spracklen DV, Stas SM, Steinmetz R, Stevenson PR, Stropp J, Sukri RS, Sunderland TCH, Suzuki E, Swaine MD, Tang J, Taplin J, Taylor DM, Tello JS, Terborgh J, Texier N, Theilade I, Thomas DW, Thomas R, Thomas SC, Tirado M, Toirambe B, de Toledo JJ, Tomlinson KW, Torres-Lezama A, Tran HD, Tshibamba Mukendi J, Tumaneng RD, Umaña MN, Umunay PM, Urrego Giraldo LE, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Van Andel TR, van de Bult M, van de Pol J, van der Heijden G, Vasquez R, Vela CIA, Venticinque EM, Verbeeck H, Veridiano RKA, Vicentini A, Vieira ICG, Vilanova Torre E, Villarroel D, Villa Zegarra BE, Vleminckx J, von Hildebrand P, Vos VA, Vriesendorp C, Webb EL, White LJT, Wich S, Wittmann F, Zagt R, Zang R, Zartman CE, Zemagho L, Zent EL, and Zent S

Subjects
Biodiversity, Africa, Asia, Southeastern, Forests, Trees anatomy & histology, Trees classification, Trees growth & development, Tropical Climate
Abstract

Trees structure the Earth's most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations 1-6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth's 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories 7 , we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world's most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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23. Exploring the impact of data curation criteria on the observed geographical distribution of mosses.

Author

Ronquillo C, Stropp J, Medina NG, and Hortal J

Abstract

Biodiversity data records contain inaccuracies and biases. To overcome this limitation and establish robust geographic patterns, ecologists often curate records keeping those that are most suitable for their analyses. Yet, this choice is not straightforward and the outcome of the analysis may vary due to a trade-off between data quality and volume. This problem is particularly recurrent for less-studied groups with patchy sampling effort. The latitudinal pattern of mosses richness remains inconsistent across studies and these may emerge purely from sampling artefacts. Our main objective here is to assess the effect of different curation criteria on this spatial pattern in the Temperate Northern Hemisphere (above 20° latitude). We contrasted the geographical distribution of moss species records and the latitude-species richness relation obtained under different data curation scenarios. These scenarios comprehend five sources of taxonomical standardisations and eight data cleaning filters. The analyses are based on the selection of well-surveyed cells at 100 km cell resolution. The application of some 'data curation scenarios' severely affects the number of records selected for analysis and substantially changes the proportion of richness per cell. The sensitivity to data curation becomes detectable at regional and at the cell scales showing a large shift in the latitudinal richness peak in Europe, from 60° N to 45° N latitude, when only preserved specimens are selected and duplicates based on date of collection and coordinates are excluded. Our results stress the importance of justifying the criteria used for filtering biodiversity data retrieved from biodiversity databases to avoid detecting misleading patterns. Curating records under particular criteria compromises the information in some areas displaying different spatial information of mosses. This problem can be ameliorated if data filtering is combined with identifying well-surveyed cells, render relatively constant results under different combinations of filtering even for less well-known groups such as mosses., Competing Interests: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2023
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24. Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora.

Author

Ter Steege H, Pitman NCA, do Amaral IL, de Souza Coelho L, de Almeida Matos FD, de Andrade Lima Filho D, Salomão RP, Wittmann F, Castilho CV, Guevara JE, Veiga Carim MJ, Phillips OL, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Revilla JDC, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, da Silva Guimarães JR, Ramos JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Cárdenas López D, Rodrigues DJ, Demarchi LO, Schöngart J, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Dos Santos MCV, Luize BG, de Leão Novo EMM, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Costa FRC, Feldpausch TR, Quaresma AC, Castaño Arboleda N, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Assis RL, Baraloto C, do Amaral DD, Engel J, Petronelli P, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Maniguaje Rincón L, Schietti J, Sousa TR, de Sousa Farias E, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Nascimento HEM, de Queiroz HL, Aymard C GA, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Baker TR, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Duivenvoorden JF, Peres CA, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Noronha JC, de Aguiar DPP, Barbosa FR, Bredin YK, de Sá Carpanedo R, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Haugaasen T, Hawes JE, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Barlow J, Berenguer E, da Silva IB, Ferreira MJ, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Levis C, Licona JC, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Durgante FM, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Householder JE, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Pos E, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Dexter KG, Milliken W, Molina GP, Pennington T, Vieira ICG, Weiss Albuquerque B, Campelo W, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Pena JLM, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, de Oliveira Pereira L, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, de Matos Bonates LC, Dávila Doza HP, Zárate Gómez R, Gonzales T, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Pinto LFM, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Lobo G, Torres Montenegro L, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Pombo MM, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Reategui MAA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Endara MJ, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Cuenca WP, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Gamarra LV, Levesley A, Pickavance G, and Melgaço K

Subjects
Forests, Soil, Temperature, Trees, RNA, Long Noncoding
Abstract

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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25. More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia.

Author

Peripato V, Levis C, Moreira GA, Gamerman D, Ter Steege H, Pitman NCA, de Souza JG, Iriarte J, Robinson M, Junqueira AB, Trindade TB, de Almeida FO, Moraes CP, Lombardo U, Tamanaha EK, Maezumi SY, Ometto JPHB, Braga JRG, Campanharo WA, Cassol HLG, Leal PR, de Assis MLR, da Silva AM, Phillips OL, Costa FRC, Flores BM, Hoffman B, Henkel TW, Umaña MN, Magnusson WE, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Barlow J, Milliken W, Lopes MA, Simon MF, van Andel TR, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Torres-Lezama A, Assis RL, Molino JF, Mestre M, Hamblin M, Coelho LS, Lima Filho DA, Wittmann F, Salomão RP, Amaral IL, Guevara JE, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, Carim MJV, Cárdenas López D, Sabatier D, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Ramos JF, Luize BG, Novo EMML, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Demarchi LO, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Schöngart J, Feldpausch TR, Quaresma AC, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Castaño Arboleda N, Engel J, Petronelli P, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Schietti J, Sousa TR, Vasquez R, Rincón LM, Berenguer E, Ferreira J, Mostacedo B, do Amaral DD, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Farias ES, Magalhães JLL, Mendonça Nascimento HE, de Queiroz HL, Brienen R, Cardenas Revilla JD, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Barçante Ladvocat Cintra B, Feitosa YO, Barbosa FR, Carpanedo RS, Duivenvoorden JF, de Noronha JDC, Rodrigues DJ, Mogollón HF, Ferreira LV, Householder JE, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, de Aguiar DPP, Arroyo L, Antunes Carvalho F, Coelho de Souza F, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Brasil da Silva I, Ferreira MJ, Fine PVA, Fonty É, Guedes MC, Licona JC, Pennington T, Peres CA, Villa Zegarra BE, Parada GA, Pardo Molina G, Vos VA, Cerón C, Maas P, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Baker TR, Daly D, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Vieira ICG, Weiss Albuquerque B, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Marcelo-Peña JL, Silman MR, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, von Hildebrand P, Pereira LO, Barbosa EM, de Matos Bonates LC, Doza HPD, Zárate Gómez R, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Gonzales T, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Mozombite Pinto LF, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Lobo G, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valenzuela Gamarra L, and Aragão LEOC

Subjects
Humans, Brazil, Forests, Archaeology
Abstract

Indigenous societies are known to have occupied the Amazon basin for more than 12,000 years, but the scale of their influence on Amazonian forests remains uncertain. We report the discovery, using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) information from across the basin, of 24 previously undetected pre-Columbian earthworks beneath the forest canopy. Modeled distribution and abundance of large-scale archaeological sites across Amazonia suggest that between 10,272 and 23,648 sites remain to be discovered and that most will be found in the southwest. We also identified 53 domesticated tree species significantly associated with earthwork occurrence probability, likely suggesting past management practices. Closed-canopy forests across Amazonia are likely to contain thousands of undiscovered archaeological sites around which pre-Columbian societies actively modified forests, a discovery that opens opportunities for better understanding the magnitude of ancient human influence on Amazonia and its current state.

Published
2023
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26. Unraveling Amazon tree community assembly using Maximum Information Entropy: a quantitative analysis of tropical forest ecology.

Author

Pos E, de Souza Coelho L, de Andrade Lima Filho D, Salomão RP, Amaral IL, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, Phillips OL, Guevara JE, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, López DC, Magnusson WE, Wittmann F, Irume MV, Martins MP, Sabatier D, da Silva Guimarães JR, Molino JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Pitman NCA, Mendoza AM, Ramos JF, Hawes JE, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Dos Santos MCV, Luize BG, de Leão Novo EMM, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Coronado ENH, Montero JC, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Feldpausch TR, Duque A, Baraloto C, Arboleda NC, Engel J, Petronelli P, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Assis RL, Schöngart J, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Demarchi LO, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, de Sousa Farias E, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Nascimento HEM, de Queiroz HL, Aymard GAC, Brienen R, Revilla JDC, Costa FRC, Quaresma A, Vieira ICG, Cintra BBL, Stevenson PR, Feitosa YO, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, Ferreira LV, Comiskey JA, Draper F, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Vicentini A, Noronha JC, Barbosa FR, de Sá Carpanedo R, Emilio T, Levis C, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Schietti J, Souza P, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Lloyd J, Neill D, de Aguiar DPP, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, do Amaral DD, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Pansonato MP, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Jimenez EM, Licona JC, Mora MCP, Peres CA, Zegarra BEV, Cerón C, Henkel TW, Maas P, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas-Caesar R, Baker TR, Daly D, Dexter KG, Householder JE, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Pennington T, Paredes MR, Fuentes A, Pena JLM, Silman MR, Tello JS, Chave J, Valverde FC, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Barbosa EM, de Matos Bonates LC, Doza HPD, Fonty É, Gómez RZ, Gonzales T, Gonzales GPG, Guillaumet JL, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Pinto LFM, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Vos VA, Zent EL, Zent S, Albuquerque BW, Cano A, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Holmgren M, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Torre EV, Vriesendorp C, Wang O, Young KR, Reategui MAA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Torres-Lezama A, Giraldo LEU, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Milliken W, Cuenca WP, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Arevalo FR, Sampaio AF, Sandoval EHV, Gamarra LV, Boenisch G, Kattge J, Kraft N, Levesley A, Melgaço K, Pickavance G, Poorter L, and Ter Steege H

Subjects
Entropy, Forests, Plants, Ecology, Tropical Climate, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
Abstract

In a time of rapid global change, the question of what determines patterns in species abundance distribution remains a priority for understanding the complex dynamics of ecosystems. The constrained maximization of information entropy provides a framework for the understanding of such complex systems dynamics by a quantitative analysis of important constraints via predictions using least biased probability distributions. We apply it to over two thousand hectares of Amazonian tree inventories across seven forest types and thirteen functional traits, representing major global axes of plant strategies. Results show that constraints formed by regional relative abundances of genera explain eight times more of local relative abundances than constraints based on directional selection for specific functional traits, although the latter does show clear signals of environmental dependency. These results provide a quantitative insight by inference from large-scale data using cross-disciplinary methods, furthering our understanding of ecological dynamics., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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27. Relationships between species richness and ecosystem services in Amazonian forests strongly influenced by biogeographical strata and forest types.

Author

Steur G, Ter Steege H, Verburg RW, Sabatier D, Molino JF, Bánki OS, Castellanos H, Stropp J, Fonty É, Ruysschaert S, Galbraith D, Kalamandeen M, van Andel TR, Brienen R, Phillips OL, Feeley KJ, Terborgh J, and Verweij PA

Subjects
Biodiversity, Carbon, Trees, Ecosystem, Forests
Abstract

Despite increasing attention for relationships between species richness and ecosystem services, for tropical forests such relationships are still under discussion. Contradicting relationships have been reported concerning carbon stock, while little is known about relationships concerning timber stock and the abundance of non-timber forest product producing plant species (NTFP abundance). Using 151 1-ha plots, we related tree and arborescent palm species richness to carbon stock, timber stock and NTFP abundance across the Guiana Shield, and using 283 1-ha plots, to carbon stock across all of Amazonia. We analysed how environmental heterogeneity influenced these relationships, assessing differences across and within multiple forest types, biogeographic regions and subregions. Species richness showed significant relationships with all three ecosystem services, but relationships differed between forest types and among biogeographical strata. We found that species richness was positively associated to carbon stock in all biogeographical strata. This association became obscured by variation across biogeographical regions at the scale of Amazonia, resembling a Simpson's paradox. By contrast, species richness was weakly or not significantly related to timber stock and NTFP abundance, suggesting that species richness is not a good predictor for these ecosystem services. Our findings illustrate the importance of environmental stratification in analysing biodiversity-ecosystem services relationships., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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28. Knowledge gaps hamper understanding the relationship between fragmentation and biodiversity loss: the case of Atlantic Forest fruit-feeding butterflies.

Author

Sobral-Souza T, Stropp J, Santos JP, Prasniewski VM, Szinwelski N, Vilela B, Freitas AVL, Ribeiro MC, and Hortal J

Abstract

Background: A key challenge for conservation biology in the Neotropics is to understand how deforestation affects biodiversity at various levels of landscape fragmentation. Addressing this challenge requires expanding the coverage of known biodiversity data, which remain to date restricted to a few well-surveyed regions. Here, we assess the sampling coverage and biases in biodiversity data on fruit-feeding butterflies at the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, discussing their effect on our understanding of the relationship between forest fragmentation and biodiversity at a large-scale. We hypothesize that sampling effort is biased towards large and connected fragments, which occur jointly in space at the Atlantic forest., Methods: We used a comprehensive dataset of Atlantic Forest fruit-feeding butterfly communities to test for sampling biases towards specific geographical areas, climate conditions and landscape configurations., Results: We found a pattern of geographical aggregation of sampling sites, independently of scale, and a strong sampling bias towards large and connected forest fragments, located near cities and roads. Sampling gaps are particularly acute in small and disconnected forest fragments and rare climate conditions. In contrast, currently available data can provide a fair picture of fruit-feeding butterfly communities in large and connected Atlantic Forest remnants., Discussion: Biased data hamper the inference of the functional relationship between deforestation and biodiversity at a large-scale, since they are geographically clustered and have sampling gaps in small and disconnected fragments. These data are useful to inform decision-makers regarding conservation efforts to curb biodiversity loss in the Atlantic Forest. Thus, we suggest to expand sampling effort to small and disconnected forest fragments, which would allow more accurate evaluations of the effects of landscape modification., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2021 Sobral-Souza et al.)

Published
2021
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29. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests.

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert A, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Fauset S, Sullivan MJP, Baker TR, Chao KJ, Feldpausch TR, Gloor E, Higuchi N, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Lloyd J, Liu H, Malhi Y, Marimon B, Marimon Junior BH, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Poorter L, Silveira M, Torre EV, Dávila EA, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Almeida E, Loayza PA, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets E, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Baisie M, Baraloto C, Camargo PB, Barroso J, Blanc L, Bonal D, Bongers F, Boot R, Brown F, Burban B, Camargo JL, Castro W, Moscoso VC, Chave J, Comiskey J, Valverde FC, da Costa AL, Cardozo ND, Di Fiore A, Dourdain A, Erwin T, Llampazo GF, Vieira ICG, Herrera R, Honorio Coronado E, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Jimenez-Rojas E, Killeen T, Laurance S, Laurance W, Levesley A, Lewis SL, Ladvocat KLLM, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy T, Meir P, Mendoza C, Morandi P, Neill D, Nogueira Lima AJ, Vargas PN, de Oliveira EA, Camacho NP, Pardo G, Peacock J, Peña-Claros M, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pickavance G, Pipoly J, Pitman N, Prieto A, Pugh TAM, Quesada C, Ramirez-Angulo H, de Almeida Reis SM, Rejou-Machain M, Correa ZR, Bayona LR, Rudas A, Salomão R, Serrano J, Espejo JS, Silva N, Singh J, Stahl C, Stropp J, Swamy V, Talbot J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, Gamarra LV, van der Heijden G, van der Meer P, van der Hout P, Martinez RV, Vieira SA, Cayo JV, Vos V, Zagt R, Zuidema P, and Galbraith D

Published
2021
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30. Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora.

Author

Ter Steege H, Prado PI, Lima RAF, Pos E, de Souza Coelho L, de Andrade Lima Filho D, Salomão RP, Amaral IL, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, Phillips OL, Guevara JE, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Cárdenas López D, Magnusson WE, Wittmann F, Martins MP, Sabatier D, Irume MV, da Silva Guimarães JR, Molino JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Pitman NCA, Ramos JF, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Venticinque EM, Luize BG, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, de Leão Novo EMM, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Manzatto AG, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Montero JC, Duque A, Costa FRC, Castaño Arboleda N, Schöngart J, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Demarchi LO, Feldpausch TR, Engel J, Petronelli P, Baraloto C, Assis RL, Castellanos H, Simon MF, de Medeiros MB, Quaresma A, Laurance SGW, Rincón LM, Andrade A, Sousa TR, Camargo JL, Schietti J, Laurance WF, de Queiroz HL, Nascimento HEM, Lopes MA, de Sousa Farias E, Magalhães JLL, Brienen R, Aymard C GA, Revilla JDC, Vieira ICG, Cintra BBL, Stevenson PR, Feitosa YO, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, Araujo-Murakami A, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, Lopes A, García-Villacorta R, Draper F, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Lloyd J, Gomes VHF, Neill D, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, de Souza FC, Gribel R, Arroyo L, Carvalho FA, de Aguiar DPP, do Amaral DD, Pansonato MP, Feeley KJ, Berenguer E, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Barlow J, Ferreira J, Villa B, Peñuela Mora MC, Jimenez EM, Licona JC, Cerón C, Thomas R, Maas P, Silveira M, Henkel TW, Stropp J, Paredes MR, Dexter KG, Daly D, Baker TR, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Milliken W, Pennington T, Tello JS, Pena JLM, Peres CA, Klitgaard B, Fuentes A, Silman MR, Di Fiore A, von Hildebrand P, Chave J, van Andel TR, Hilário RR, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, Noronha JC, Prieto A, Gonzales T, de Sá Carpanedo R, Gonzales GPG, Gómez RZ, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Zent EL, Ruschel AR, Vos VA, Fonty É, Junqueira AB, Doza HPD, Hoffman B, Zent S, Barbosa EM, Malhi Y, de Matos Bonates LC, de Andrade Miranda IP, Silva N, Barbosa FR, Vela CIA, Pinto LFM, Rudas A, Albuquerque BW, Umaña MN, Carrero Márquez YA, van der Heijden G, Young KR, Tirado M, Correa DF, Sierra R, Costa JBP, Rocha M, Vilanova Torre E, Wang O, Oliveira AA, Kalamandeen M, Vriesendorp C, Ramirez-Angulo H, Holmgren M, Nascimento MT, Galbraith D, Flores BM, Scudeller VV, Cano A, Ahuite Reategui MA, Mesones I, Baider C, Mendoza C, Zagt R, Urrego Giraldo LE, Ferreira C, Villarroel D, Linares-Palomino R, Farfan-Rios W, Farfan-Rios W, Casas LF, Cárdenas S, Balslev H, Torres-Lezama A, Alexiades MN, Garcia-Cabrera K, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Ramirez Arevalo F, Hernandez L, Sampaio AF, Pansini S, Palacios Cuenca W, de Oliveira EA, Pauletto D, Levesley A, Melgaço K, and Pickavance G

Subjects
Brazil, Biodiversity, Classification methods, Forests, Rivers, Trees classification
Abstract

Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity. By averaging several methods to estimate total richness, we confirm that over 15,000 tree species are expected to occur in Amazonia. We also show that using ten times the number of plots would result in an increase to just ~50% of those 15,000 estimated species. To get a more complete sample of all tree species, rigorous field campaigns may be needed but the number of trees in Amazonia will remain an estimate for years to come.

Published
2020
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31. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests.

Author

Sullivan MJP, Lewis SL, Affum-Baffoe K, Castilho C, Costa F, Sanchez AC, Ewango CEN, Hubau W, Marimon B, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Qie L, Sonké B, Martinez RV, Baker TR, Brienen RJW, Feldpausch TR, Galbraith D, Gloor M, Malhi Y, Aiba SI, Alexiades MN, Almeida EC, de Oliveira EA, Dávila EÁ, Loayza PA, Andrade A, Vieira SA, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Ashton P, Aymard C G, Baccaro FB, Banin LF, Baraloto C, Camargo PB, Barlow J, Barroso J, Bastin JF, Batterman SA, Beeckman H, Begne SK, Bennett AC, Berenguer E, Berry N, Blanc L, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, Bonal D, Bongers F, Bradford M, Brearley FQ, Brncic T, Brown F, Burban B, Camargo JL, Castro W, Céron C, Ribeiro SC, Moscoso VC, Chave J, Chezeaux E, Clark CJ, de Souza FC, Collins M, Comiskey JA, Valverde FC, Medina MC, da Costa L, Dančák M, Dargie GC, Davies S, Cardozo ND, de Haulleville T, de Medeiros MB, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Derroire G, Di Fiore A, Doucet JL, Dourdain A, Droissart V, Duque LF, Ekoungoulou R, Elias F, Erwin T, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Fauset S, Ferreira J, Llampazo GF, Foli E, Ford A, Gilpin M, Hall JS, Hamer KC, Hamilton AC, Harris DJ, Hart TB, Hédl R, Herault B, Herrera R, Higuchi N, Hladik A, Coronado EH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Huasco WH, Jeffery KJ, Jimenez-Rojas E, Kalamandeen M, Djuikouo MNK, Kearsley E, Umetsu RK, Kho LK, Killeen T, Kitayama K, Klitgaard B, Koch A, Labrière N, Laurance W, Laurance S, Leal ME, Levesley A, Lima AJN, Lisingo J, Lopes AP, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy T, Lovett JC, Lowe R, Magnusson WE, Malumbres-Olarte J, Manzatto ÂG, Marimon BH Jr, Marshall AR, Marthews T, de Almeida Reis SM, Maycock C, Melgaço K, Mendoza C, Metali F, Mihindou V, Milliken W, Mitchard ETA, Morandi PS, Mossman HL, Nagy L, Nascimento H, Neill D, Nilus R, Vargas PN, Palacios W, Camacho NP, Peacock J, Pendry C, Peñuela Mora MC, Pickavance GC, Pipoly J, Pitman N, Playfair M, Poorter L, Poulsen JR, Poulsen AD, Preziosi R, Prieto A, Primack RB, Ramírez-Angulo H, Reitsma J, Réjou-Méchain M, Correa ZR, de Sousa TR, Bayona LR, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Rutishauser E, Abu Salim K, Salomão RP, Schietti J, Sheil D, Silva RC, Espejo JS, Valeria CS, Silveira M, Simo-Droissart M, Simon MF, Singh J, Soto Shareva YC, Stahl C, Stropp J, Sukri R, Sunderland T, Svátek M, Swaine MD, Swamy V, Taedoumg H, Talbot J, Taplin J, Taylor D, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Thomas SC, Torres-Lezama A, Umunay P, Gamarra LV, van der Heijden G, van der Hout P, van der Meer P, van Nieuwstadt M, Verbeeck H, Vernimmen R, Vicentini A, Vieira ICG, Torre EV, Vleminckx J, Vos V, Wang O, White LJT, Willcock S, Woods JT, Wortel V, Young K, Zagt R, Zemagho L, Zuidema PA, Zwerts JA, and Phillips OL

Subjects
Acclimatization, Biomass, Carbon metabolism, Earth, Planet, Wood, Carbon Cycle, Climate Change, Forests, Hot Temperature, Trees metabolism, Tropical Climate
Abstract

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

Published
2020
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32. Evolutionary diversity is associated with wood productivity in Amazonian forests.

Author

Coelho de Souza F, Dexter KG, Phillips OL, Pennington RT, Neves D, Sullivan MJP, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves Á, Amaral I, Andrade A, Aragao LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Arroyo L, Aymard C GA, Bánki O, Baraloto C, Barroso JG, Boot RGA, Brienen RJW, Brown F, Camargo JLC, Castro W, Chave J, Cogollo A, Comiskey JA, Cornejo-Valverde F, da Costa AL, de Camargo PB, Di Fiore A, Feldpausch TR, Galbraith DR, Gloor E, Goodman RC, Gilpin M, Herrera R, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Jimenez-Rojas E, Killeen TJ, Laurance S, Laurance WF, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy TE, Malhi Y, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Neill DA, Vargas PN, Peñuela Mora MC, Pickavance GC, Pipoly JJ 3rd, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez F, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Silva N, Silveira M, Singh J, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas-Caesar R, Umetsu RK, Vasquez RV, Célia-Vieira I, Vieira SA, Vos VA, Zagt RJ, and Baker TR

Subjects
Forests, Phylogeny, Tropical Climate, Ecosystem, Wood
Abstract

Higher levels of taxonomic and evolutionary diversity are expected to maximize ecosystem function, yet their relative importance in driving variation in ecosystem function at large scales in diverse forests is unknown. Using 90 inventory plots across intact, lowland, terra firme, Amazonian forests and a new phylogeny including 526 angiosperm genera, we investigated the association between taxonomic and evolutionary metrics of diversity and two key measures of ecosystem function: aboveground wood productivity and biomass storage. While taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were not important predictors of variation in biomass, both emerged as independent predictors of wood productivity. Amazon forests that contain greater evolutionary diversity and a higher proportion of rare species have higher productivity. While climatic and edaphic variables are together the strongest predictors of productivity, our results show that the evolutionary diversity of tree species in diverse forest stands also influences productivity. As our models accounted for wood density and tree size, they also suggest that additional, unstudied, evolutionarily correlated traits have significant effects on ecosystem function in tropical forests. Overall, our pan-Amazonian analysis shows that greater phylogenetic diversity translates into higher levels of ecosystem function: tropical forest communities with more distantly related taxa have greater wood productivity.

Published
2019
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33. Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Author

Ter Steege H, Henkel TW, Helal N, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Huth A, Groeneveld J, Sabatier D, Coelho LS, Filho DAL, Salomão RP, Amaral IL, Matos FDA, Castilho CV, Phillips OL, Guevara JE, Carim MJV, Cárdenas López D, Magnusson WE, Wittmann F, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Molino JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Pitman NCA, Mendoza AM, Ramos JF, Luize BG, Moraes de Leão Novo EM, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Duque A, Costa FRC, Arboleda NC, Schöngart J, Killeen TJ, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Demarchi LO, Assis RL, Baraloto C, Engel J, Petronelli P, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Quaresma A, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Rincón LM, Schietti J, Sousa TR, de Sousa Farias E, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Mendonça Nascimento HE, Lima de Queiroz H, Aymard C GA, Brienen R, Revilla JDC, Vieira ICG, Cintra BBL, Stevenson PR, Feitosa YO, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, Araujo-Murakami A, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, Draper F, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Vicentini A, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Lloyd J, Neill D, de Aguiar DPP, Arroyo L, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, do Amaral DD, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Pansonato MP, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Jimenez EM, Licona JC, Peñuela Mora MC, Villa B, Cerón C, Maas P, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Baker TR, Daly D, Dexter KG, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Milliken W, Pennington T, Ríos Paredes M, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Pena JLM, Peres CA, Silman MR, Tello JS, Chave J, Cornejo Valverde F, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Noronha JC, Barbosa EM, Barbosa FR, de Matos Bonates LC, Carpanedo RS, Dávila Doza HP, Fonty É, GómeZárate Z R, Gonzales T, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, Miranda IPA, Pinto LFM, Prieto A, Rodrigues DJ, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Vos VA, Zent EL, Zent S, Weiss Albuquerque B, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña Medina MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Vriesendorp C, Wang O, Young KR, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Torres-Lezama A, Giraldo LEU, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Sandoval EHV, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Levesley A, Pickavance G, and Melgaço K

Abstract

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors.

Published
2019
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34. Metacommunity patterns of Amazonian Odonata: the role of environmental gradients and major rivers.

Author

Alves-Martins F, Brasil LS, Juen L, De Marco P Jr, Stropp J, and Hortal J

Abstract

Background: We identified and classified damselfly (Zygoptera) and dragonfly (Anisoptera) metacommunities in Brazilian Amazonia, relating species distribution patterns to known biological gradients and biogeographical history. We expected a random distribution of both Zygoptera and Anisoptera within interfluves. At the Amazonian scale, we expected Anisoptera metacommunities to be randomly distributed due to their higher dispersal ability and large environmental tolerance. In contrast, we expected Zygoptera communities to exhibit a Clementsian pattern, limited by the large Amazonia rivers due to their low dispersal ability., Methods: We used a dataset of 58 first-to-third order well-sampled streamlets in four Amazonian interfluves and applied an extension of the Elements of Metacommunity Structure (EMS) framework, in which we order Zygoptera and Anisoptera metacommunities by known spatial and biogeographic predictors., Results: At the Amazonian scale, both Zygoptera and Anisoptera presented a Clementsian pattern, driven by the same environmental and biogeographical predictors, namely biogeographic region (interfluve), annual mean temperature, habitat integrity and annual precipitation. At the interfluve scale, results were less consistent and only partially support our hypothesis. Zygoptera metacommunities at Guiana and Anisoptera metacommunities at Tapajós were classified as random, suggesting that neutral processes gain importance at smaller spatial scales., Discussion: Our findings were consistent with previous studies showing that environmental gradients and major rivers limit the distribution of Odonata communities, supporting that larger Amazonian rivers act as barriers for the dispersal of this group. In addition, the importance of habitat integrity indicates that intactness of riparian vegetation is an important filter shaping metacommunity structure of Amazonian stream Odonata., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Published
2019
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35. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change.

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert A, Baker TR, Dexter KG, Lewis SL, Brienen RJW, Feldpausch TR, Lloyd J, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Arroyo L, Álvarez-Dávila E, Higuchi N, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Silveira M, Vilanova E, Gloor E, Malhi Y, Chave J, Barlow J, Bonal D, Davila Cardozo N, Erwin T, Fauset S, Hérault B, Laurance S, Poorter L, Qie L, Stahl C, Sullivan MJP, Ter Steege H, Vos VA, Zuidema PA, Almeida E, Almeida de Oliveira E, Andrade A, Vieira SA, Aragão L, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets E, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Camargo PB, Barroso JG, Bongers F, Boot R, Camargo JL, Castro W, Chama Moscoso V, Comiskey J, Cornejo Valverde F, Lola da Costa AC, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Di Fiore A, Fernanda Duque L, Elias F, Engel J, Flores Llampazo G, Galbraith D, Herrera Fernández R, Honorio Coronado E, Hubau W, Jimenez-Rojas E, Lima AJN, Umetsu RK, Laurance W, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Lovejoy T, Aurelio Melo Cruz O, Morandi PS, Neill D, Núñez Vargas P, Pallqui Camacho NC, Parada Gutierrez A, Pardo G, Peacock J, Peña-Claros M, Peñuela-Mora MC, Petronelli P, Pickavance GC, Pitman N, Prieto A, Quesada C, Ramírez-Angulo H, Réjou-Méchain M, Restrepo Correa Z, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomão R, Silva N, Silva Espejo J, Singh J, Stropp J, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, Valenzuela Gamarra L, van de Meer PJ, van der Heijden G, van der Hout P, Vasquez Martinez R, Vela C, Vieira ICG, and Phillips OL

Subjects
Brazil, Carbon Dioxide, Ecosystem, Seasons, Trees classification, Trees physiology, Tropical Climate, Water, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Forests
Abstract

Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO 2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change., (© 2018 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2019
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36. Species Distribution Modelling: Contrasting presence-only models with plot abundance data.

Author

Gomes VHF, IJff SD, Raes N, Amaral IL, Salomão RP, de Souza Coelho L, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, de Andrade Lima Filho D, López DC, Guevara JE, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, Wittmann F, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Martins MP, Irume MV, Sabatier D, Molino JF, Bánki OS, da Silva Guimarães JR, Pitman NCA, Piedade MTF, Mendoza AM, Luize BG, Venticinque EM, de Leão Novo EMM, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Manzatto AG, Terborgh J, Reis NFC, Montero JC, Casula KR, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Coronado ENH, Feldpausch TR, Duque A, Zartman CE, Arboleda NC, Killeen TJ, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Schöngart J, Assis RL, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Laurance WF, Camargo JL, Demarchi LO, Laurance SGW, de Sousa Farias E, Nascimento HEM, Revilla JDC, Quaresma A, Costa FRC, Vieira ICG, Cintra BBL, Castellanos H, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Feitosa Y, Duivenvoorden JF, Aymard C GA, Mogollón HF, Targhetta N, Comiskey JA, Vicentini A, Lopes A, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Emilio T, Alonso A, Neill D, Dallmeier F, Ferreira LV, Araujo-Murakami A, Praia D, do Amaral DD, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Feeley K, Arroyo L, Pansonato MP, Gribel R, Villa B, Licona JC, Fine PVA, Cerón C, Baraloto C, Jimenez EM, Stropp J, Engel J, Silveira M, Mora MCP, Petronelli P, Maas P, Thomas-Caesar R, Henkel TW, Daly D, Paredes MR, Baker TR, Fuentes A, Peres CA, Chave J, Pena JLM, Dexter KG, Silman MR, Jørgensen PM, Pennington T, Di Fiore A, Valverde FC, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, von Hildebrand P, van Andel TR, Ruschel AR, Prieto A, Rudas A, Hoffman B, Vela CIA, Barbosa EM, Zent EL, Gonzales GPG, Doza HPD, de Andrade Miranda IP, Guillaumet JL, Pinto LFM, de Matos Bonates LC, Silva N, Gómez RZ, Zent S, Gonzales T, Vos VA, Malhi Y, Oliveira AA, Cano A, Albuquerque BW, Vriesendorp C, Correa DF, Torre EV, van der Heijden G, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Young KR, Rocha M, Nascimento MT, Medina MNU, Tirado M, Wang O, Sierra R, Torres-Lezama A, Mendoza C, Ferreira C, Baider C, Villarroel D, Balslev H, Mesones I, Giraldo LEU, Casas LF, Reategui MAA, Linares-Palomino R, Zagt R, Cárdenas S, Farfan-Rios W, Sampaio AF, Pauletto D, Sandoval EHV, Arevalo FR, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Gamarra LV, Alexiades MN, Pansini S, Cuenca WP, Milliken W, Ricardo J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Pos E, and Ter Steege H

Subjects
Brazil, Chrysobalanaceae physiology, Fabaceae physiology, Humans, Polygonaceae physiology, Conservation of Natural Resources statistics & numerical data, Models, Statistical, Plant Dispersal physiology, Trees physiology
Abstract

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in ecology and conservation. Presence-only SDMs such as MaxEnt frequently use natural history collections (NHCs) as occurrence data, given their huge numbers and accessibility. NHCs are often spatially biased which may generate inaccuracies in SDMs. Here, we test how the distribution of NHCs and MaxEnt predictions relates to a spatial abundance model, based on a large plot dataset for Amazonian tree species, using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We also propose a new pipeline to deal with inconsistencies in NHCs and to limit the area of occupancy of the species. We found a significant but weak positive relationship between the distribution of NHCs and IDW for 66% of the species. The relationship between SDMs and IDW was also significant but weakly positive for 95% of the species, and sensitivity for both analyses was high. Furthermore, the pipeline removed half of the NHCs records. Presence-only SDM applications should consider this limitation, especially for large biodiversity assessments projects, when they are automatically generated without subsequent checking. Our pipeline provides a conservative estimate of a species' area of occupancy, within an area slightly larger than its extent of occurrence, compatible to e.g. IUCN red list assessments.

Published
2018
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37. Drier climate shifts leaf morphology in Amazonian trees.

Author

Stropp J, Dos Santos IM, Correia RA, Dos Santos JG, Silva TLP, Dos Santos JW, Ladle RJ, and Malhado ACM

Subjects
Climate, Forests, Plant Leaves physiology, Seasons, Climate Change, Trees anatomy & histology, Trees physiology
Abstract

The humid forests of Amazonia are experiencing longer and more intense dry seasons, which are predicted to intensify by the end of the 21st century. Although tree species often have long generation times, they may still have the capacity to rapidly respond to changing climatic conditions through adaptive phenotypic plasticity. We, therefore, predicted that Amazonian trees have shifted their leaf morphology in response to the recent drier climate. We tested this prediction by analysing historical herbarium specimens of six Amazonian tree species collected over a 60-year period and comparing changes in leaf morphology with historical precipitation data. Moreover, we explored spatial and temporal biases in herbarium specimens and accounted for their potentially confounding effect in our analysis. We found pronounced biases in herbarium specimens, with nearly 20% of specimens collected in close geographic proximity and around the 1975s. When accounting for such biases, our results indicate a trend of decreasing leaf size after the 1970s, which may have been spurred by an observed reduction in rainfall. Our findings support the hypothesis that (some) Amazonian trees have the capacity to adaptively change their leaf phenotypes in response to the recent drier climate. Nevertheless, the unavoidable spatial and temporal biases in herbarium specimens call for caution when generalizing our findings to all Amazonian trees.

Published
2017
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38. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology.

Author

Coelho de Souza F, Dexter KG, Phillips OL, Brienen RJ, Chave J, Galbraith DR, Lopez Gonzalez G, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Pennington RT, Poorter L, Alexiades M, Álvarez-Dávila E, Andrade A, Aragão LE, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJ, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Barroso JG, Bonal D, Boot RG, Camargo JL, Comiskey JA, Valverde FC, de Camargo PB, Di Fiore A, Elias F, Erwin TL, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira L, Fyllas NM, Gloor E, Herault B, Herrera R, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Laurance S, Lloyd J, Lovejoy TE, Malhi Y, Maracahipes L, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Morandi P, Neill DA, Vargas PN, Oliveira EA, Lenza E, Palacios WA, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pipoly JJ 3rd, Pitman NC, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rudas A, Ruokolainen K, Salomão RP, Silveira M, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Thomas-Caesar R, van der Hout P, van der Heijden GM, van der Meer PJ, Vasquez RV, Vieira SA, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Wang O, Young KR, Zagt RJ, and Baker TR

Subjects
Biological Evolution, Ecology, South America, Forests, Phylogeny, Trees classification, Tropical Climate
Abstract

Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change., (© 2016 The Authors.)

Published
2016
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39. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models.

Author

Johnson MO, Galbraith D, Gloor M, De Deurwaerder H, Guimberteau M, Rammig A, Thonicke K, Verbeeck H, von Randow C, Monteagudo A, Phillips OL, Brienen RJ, Feldpausch TR, Lopez Gonzalez G, Fauset S, Quesada CA, Christoffersen B, Ciais P, Sampaio G, Kruijt B, Meir P, Moorcroft P, Zhang K, Alvarez-Davila E, Alves de Oliveira A, Amaral I, Andrade A, Aragao LE, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJ, Arroyo L, Aymard GA, Baraloto C, Barroso J, Bonal D, Boot R, Camargo J, Chave J, Cogollo A, Cornejo Valverde F, Lola da Costa AC, Di Fiore A, Ferreira L, Higuchi N, Honorio EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, Licona J, Lovejoy T, Malhi Y, Marimon B, Marimon BH Junior, Matos DC, Mendoza C, Neill DA, Pardo G, Peña-Claros M, Pitman NC, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez-Angulo H, Roopsind A, Rudas A, Salomao RP, Silveira M, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, van der Heijden GM, Vasquez R, Guimarães Vieira IC, Vilanova E, Vos VA, and Baker TR

Subjects
South America, Biomass, Forests, Models, Theoretical, Trees growth & development, Tropical Climate
Abstract

Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs., (© 2016 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2016
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40. Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species.

Author

Ter Steege H, Pitman NC, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Peres CA, Guevara JE, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Amaral IL, de Almeida Matos FD, de Souza Coelho L, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, de Andrade Lima Filho D, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Irume MV, Martins MP, Molino JF, Sabatier D, Wittmann F, López DC, da Silva Guimarães JR, Mendoza AM, Vargas PN, Manzatto AG, Reis NF, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Honorio Coronado EN, Montoya AJ, Zartman CE, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Assis RL, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance SG, Nascimento HE, Marimon BS, Marimon BH Jr, Costa F, Targhetta N, Vieira IC, Brienen R, Castellanos H, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, Piedade MT, Aymard C GA, Comiskey JA, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Diaz PR, Vincentini A, Emilio T, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Ferreira LV, Neill D, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Carvalho FA, Souza FC, do Amaral DD, Gribel R, Luize BG, Pansonato MP, Venticinque E, Fine P, Toledo M, Baraloto C, Cerón C, Engel J, Henkel TW, Jimenez EM, Maas P, Mora MC, Petronelli P, Revilla JD, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas-Caesar R, Baker TR, Daly D, Paredes MR, da Silva NF, Fuentes A, Jørgensen PM, Schöngart J, Silman MR, Arboleda NC, Cintra BB, Valverde FC, Di Fiore A, Phillips JF, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Barbosa EM, de Matos Bonates LC, de Castro D, de Sousa Farias E, Gonzales T, Guillaumet JL, Hoffman B, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschell AR, Silva N, Vela CI, Vos VA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cano A, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Sierra R, Tirado M, Medina MN, van der Heijden G, Torre EV, Vriesendorp C, Wang O, Young KR, Baider C, Balslev H, de Castro N, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Torres-Lezama A, Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Milliken W, Cuenca WP, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Arevalo FR, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, and Gamarra LV

Abstract

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world's >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.

Published
2015
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41. Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling.

Author

Fauset S, Johnson MO, Gloor M, Baker TR, Monteagudo M A, Brienen RJ, Feldpausch TR, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Malhi Y, ter Steege H, Pitman NC, Baraloto C, Engel J, Pétronelli P, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance SG, Laurance WF, Chave J, Allie E, Vargas PN, Terborgh JW, Ruokolainen K, Silveira M, Aymard C GA, Arroyo L, Bonal D, Ramirez-Angulo H, Araujo-Murakami A, Neill D, Hérault B, Dourdain A, Torres-Lezama A, Marimon BS, Salomão RP, Comiskey JA, Réjou-Méchain M, Toledo M, Licona JC, Alarcón A, Prieto A, Rudas A, van der Meer PJ, Killeen TJ, Marimon Junior BH, Poorter L, Boot RG, Stergios B, Torre EV, Costa FR, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Groot N, Arets E, Moscoso VC, Castro W, Coronado EN, Peña-Claros M, Stahl C, Barroso J, Talbot J, Vieira IC, van der Heijden G, Thomas R, Vos VA, Almeida EC, Davila EÁ, Aragão LE, Erwin TL, Morandi PS, de Oliveira EA, Valadão MB, Zagt RJ, van der Hout P, Loayza PA, Pipoly JJ, Wang O, Alexiades M, Cerón CE, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Di Fiore A, Peacock J, Camacho NC, Umetsu RK, de Camargo PB, Burnham RJ, Herrera R, Quesada CA, Stropp J, Vieira SA, Steininger M, Rodríguez CR, Restrepo Z, Muelbert AE, Lewis SL, Pickavance GC, and Phillips OL

Abstract

While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few 'hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region.

Published
2015
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42. Markedly divergent estimates of Amazon forest carbon density from ground plots and satellites.

Author

Mitchard ET, Feldpausch TR, Brienen RJ, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Monteagudo A, Baker TR, Lewis SL, Lloyd J, Quesada CA, Gloor M, Ter Steege H, Meir P, Alvarez E, Araujo-Murakami A, Aragão LE, Arroyo L, Aymard G, Banki O, Bonal D, Brown S, Brown FI, Cerón CE, Chama Moscoso V, Chave J, Comiskey JA, Cornejo F, Corrales Medina M, Da Costa L, Costa FR, Di Fiore A, Domingues TF, Erwin TL, Frederickson T, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Levis C, Magnusson WE, Marimon BS, Marimon Junior BH, Mendoza Polo I, Mishra P, Nascimento MT, Neill D, Núñez Vargas MP, Palacios WA, Parada A, Pardo Molina G, Peña-Claros M, Pitman N, Peres CA, Poorter L, Prieto A, Ramirez-Angulo H, Restrepo Correa Z, Roopsind A, Roucoux KH, Rudas A, Salomão RP, Schietti J, Silveira M, de Souza PF, Steininger MK, Stropp J, Terborgh J, Thomas R, Toledo M, Torres-Lezama A, van Andel TR, van der Heijden GM, Vieira IC, Vieira S, Vilanova-Torre E, Vos VA, Wang O, Zartman CE, Malhi Y, and Phillips OL

Abstract

Aim: The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is essential for understanding the global carbon cycle, for assessing emissions from deforestation, and for rational land-use planning. Remote sensing (RS) is currently the key tool for this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation biomass directly, and thus may miss significant spatial variations in forest structure. We test the stated accuracy of pantropical carbon maps using a large independent field dataset., Location: Tropical forests of the Amazon basin. The permanent archive of the field plot data can be accessed at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2014&#95;1., Methods: Two recent pantropical RS maps of vegetation carbon are compared to a unique ground-plot dataset, involving tree measurements in 413 large inventory plots located in nine countries. The RS maps were compared directly to field plots, and kriging of the field data was used to allow area-based comparisons., Results: The two RS carbon maps fail to capture the main gradient in Amazon forest carbon detected using 413 ground plots, from the densely wooded tall forests of the north-east, to the light-wooded, shorter forests of the south-west. The differences between plots and RS maps far exceed the uncertainties given in these studies, with whole regions over- or under-estimated by > 25%, whereas regional uncertainties for the maps were reported to be < 5%., Main Conclusions: Pantropical biomass maps are widely used by governments and by projects aiming to reduce deforestation using carbon offsets, but may have significant regional biases. Carbon-mapping techniques must be revised to account for the known ecological variation in tree wood density and allometry to create maps suitable for carbon accounting. The use of single relationships between tree canopy height and above-ground biomass inevitably yields large, spatially correlated errors. This presents a significant challenge to both the forest conservation and remote sensing communities, because neither wood density nor species assemblages can be reliably mapped from space.

Published
2014
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43. Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora.

Author

ter Steege H, Pitman NC, Sabatier D, Baraloto C, Salomão RP, Guevara JE, Phillips OL, Castilho CV, Magnusson WE, Molino JF, Monteagudo A, Núñez Vargas P, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Coronado EN, Killeen TJ, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Assis RL, Terborgh J, Wittmann F, Andrade A, Laurance WF, Laurance SG, Marimon BS, Marimon BH Jr, Guimarães Vieira IC, Amaral IL, Brienen R, Castellanos H, Cárdenas López D, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, Matos FD, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Stevenson Diaz PR, Costa F, Emilio T, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Montoya AJ, Fernandez Piedade MT, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Gribel R, Fine PV, Peres CA, Toledo M, Aymard C GA, Baker TR, Cerón C, Engel J, Henkel TW, Maas P, Petronelli P, Stropp J, Zartman CE, Daly D, Neill D, Silveira M, Paredes MR, Chave J, Lima Filho Dde A, Jørgensen PM, Fuentes A, Schöngart J, Cornejo Valverde F, Di Fiore A, Jimenez EM, Peñuela Mora MC, Phillips JF, Rivas G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Hoffman B, Zent EL, Malhi Y, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschell AR, Silva N, Vos V, Zent S, Oliveira AA, Schutz AC, Gonzales T, Trindade Nascimento M, Ramirez-Angulo H, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña Medina MN, van der Heijden G, Vela CI, Vilanova Torre E, Vriesendorp C, Wang O, Young KR, Baider C, Balslev H, Ferreira C, Mesones I, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, Hernandez L, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Milliken W, Palacios Cuenca W, Pauletto D, Valderrama Sandoval E, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Dexter KG, Feeley K, Lopez-Gonzalez G, and Silman MR

Subjects
Models, Biological, Population, South America, Biodiversity, Rivers, Trees classification, Trees physiology
Abstract

The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species--less diverse than the North American tree flora--accounts for half of the world's most diverse tree community.

Published
2013
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44. Drought-mortality relationships for tropical forests.

Author

Phillips OL, van der Heijden G, Lewis SL, López-González G, Aragão LE, Lloyd J, Malhi Y, Monteagudo A, Almeida S, Dávila EA, Amaral I, Andelman S, Andrade A, Arroyo L, Aymard G, Baker TR, Blanc L, Bonal D, de Oliveira AC, Chao KJ, Cardozo ND, da Costa L, Feldpausch TR, Fisher JB, Fyllas NM, Freitas MA, Galbraith D, Gloor E, Higuchi N, Honorio E, Jiménez E, Keeling H, Killeen TJ, Lovett JC, Meir P, Mendoza C, Morel A, Vargas PN, Patiño S, Peh KS, Cruz AP, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramírez F, Ramírez H, Rudas A, Salamão R, Schwarz M, Silva J, Silveira M, Slik JW, Sonké B, Thomas AS, Stropp J, Taplin JR, Vásquez R, and Vilanova E

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological, Biomass, Brazil, Ecosystem, Models, Biological, Plant Stems growth & development, Rain, Stress, Physiological, Time Factors, Water, Wood growth & development, Droughts, Trees growth & development, Tropical Climate
Abstract

*The rich ecology of tropical forests is intimately tied to their moisture status. Multi-site syntheses can provide a macro-scale view of these linkages and their susceptibility to changing climates. Here, we report pan-tropical and regional-scale analyses of tree vulnerability to drought. *We assembled available data on tropical forest tree stem mortality before, during, and after recent drought events, from 119 monitoring plots in 10 countries concentrated in Amazonia and Borneo. *In most sites, larger trees are disproportionately at risk. At least within Amazonia, low wood density trees are also at greater risk of drought-associated mortality, independent of size. For comparable drought intensities, trees in Borneo are more vulnerable than trees in the Amazon. There is some evidence for lagged impacts of drought, with mortality rates remaining elevated 2 yr after the meteorological event is over. *These findings indicate that repeated droughts would shift the functional composition of tropical forests toward smaller, denser-wooded trees. At very high drought intensities, the linear relationship between tree mortality and moisture stress apparently breaks down, suggesting the existence of moisture stress thresholds beyond which some tropical forests would suffer catastrophic tree mortality.

Published
2010
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45. Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest.

Author

Phillips OL, Aragão LE, Lewis SL, Fisher JB, Lloyd J, López-González G, Malhi Y, Monteagudo A, Peacock J, Quesada CA, van der Heijden G, Almeida S, Amaral I, Arroyo L, Aymard G, Baker TR, Bánki O, Blanc L, Bonal D, Brando P, Chave J, de Oliveira AC, Cardozo ND, Czimczik CI, Feldpausch TR, Freitas MA, Gloor E, Higuchi N, Jiménez E, Lloyd G, Meir P, Mendoza C, Morel A, Neill DA, Nepstad D, Patiño S, Peñuela MC, Prieto A, Ramírez F, Schwarz M, Silva J, Silveira M, Thomas AS, Steege HT, Stropp J, Vásquez R, Zelazowski P, Alvarez Dávila E, Andelman S, Andrade A, Chao KJ, Erwin T, Di Fiore A, Honorio C E, Keeling H, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Peña Cruz A, Pitman NC, Núñez Vargas P, Ramírez-Angulo H, Rudas A, Salamão R, Silva N, Terborgh J, and Torres-Lezama A

Subjects
Atmosphere, Brazil, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, South America, Tropical Climate, Biomass, Droughts, Ecosystem, Trees growth & development
Abstract

Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.

Published
2009
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46. Mechanical modulation of pressure-volume characteristics of contracted canine airways in vitro.

Author

Gunst SJ, Stropp JQ, and Service J

Subjects
Acetylcholine pharmacology, Airway Resistance drug effects, Animals, Bronchi drug effects, Dogs, In Vitro Techniques, Lung Volume Measurements, Muscle Contraction drug effects, Physical Stimulation, Pressure, Respiratory Mechanics drug effects, Respiratory Mechanics physiology, Tidal Volume, Airway Resistance physiology, Bronchi physiology, Muscle Contraction physiology
Abstract

In normal humans and dogs, the airways do not constrict to closure even when maximally stimulated. However, airway closure can be produced in isolated canine lobes and bronchial segments that are stimulated with maximal concentrations of bronchoconstrictors. These observations suggest that under normal conditions, physiological mechanisms to limit bronchoconstriction exist in vivo. In this investigation, we evaluated how mechanical factors that influence airway smooth muscle contractility contribute to the modulation of the pressure-volume characteristics of contracted canine intraparenchymal airways in vitro. Our results demonstrated that maximal and even submaximal contractile stimuli can produce airway closure in bronchi that are allowed to contract under isobaric conditions. However, the effectiveness of bronchoconstrictors is significantly reduced when the airways are subjected to tidal volume oscillations during contraction. In addition, airways contracted isovolumetrically at low volumes exhibit a markedly reduced sensitivity to submaximal concentrations of acetylcholine. This may limit bronchoconstriction at low lung volumes and transpulmonary pressures where the effectiveness of parenchymal stress in keeping the airways open is reduced. Together these factors could provide a mechanism by which bronchoconstriction is limited to low levels of airway resistance under normal conditions in vivo.

Published
1990
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47. Interaction of contractile responses in canine tracheal smooth muscle.

Author

Gunst SJ, Stropp JQ, and Flavahan NA

Subjects
Acetylcholine pharmacology, Animals, Dogs, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Histamine, Muscle, Smooth drug effects, Norepinephrine pharmacology, Osmolar Concentration, Phenoxybenzamine pharmacology, Serotonin pharmacology, Trachea drug effects, Verapamil pharmacology, Muscle Contraction, Muscle, Smooth physiology, Trachea physiology
Abstract

Concentration-response curves for norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine were obtained in vitro alone and after precontraction with histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or acetylcholine. Responses obtained to each agonist after precontraction were greater than responses to the agonist alone after subtraction of the force due to the precontracting stimulus. Augmentation of responses after precontraction was the greatest for norepinephrine, less for 5-hydroxytryptamine, and least for acetylcholine. Verapamil had no significant effect on the augmentation of responses to either 5-hydroxytryptamine or acetylcholine caused by precontraction. When the efficacy of acetylcholine was decreased by receptor alkylation with phenoxybenzamine, the augmentation of responses to acetylcholine caused by precontraction with histamine was significantly enhanced. Differences in the magnitude of the effect of precontraction on responses to different agonists may reflect differences in their efficiency of stimulus-response coupling in canine tracheal smooth muscle, or they may result from an increased expression of distinct receptors or receptor-mediated effects uncovered by the facilitory stimuli.

Published
1987
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48. Filter bleeding time: a new in vitro test of hemostasis. II. Application to the study of von Willebrand disease and platelet function inhibitors.

Author

Uchiyama S, Stropp JQ, Claypool DA, and Didisheim P

Subjects
Adult, Animals, Aspirin pharmacology, Epoprostenol pharmacology, Female, Humans, Imidazoles pharmacology, Male, Swine, Swine Diseases blood, Thromboxane-A Synthase antagonists & inhibitors, von Willebrand Diseases veterinary, Blood Platelets drug effects, Platelet Function Tests methods, von Willebrand Diseases blood
Published
1983
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49. Filter bleeding time: a new in vitro test of hemostasis. I. Evaluation in normal and thrombocytopenic subjects.

Author

Uchiyama S, Stropp JQ, Claypool DA, Didisheim P, and Dewanjee MK

Subjects
Animals, Bleeding Time, Blood Platelets ultrastructure, Dogs, Filtration, Hemolysis, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Platelet Aggregation, Sex Factors, Species Specificity, Thrombocytopenia blood, Platelet Function Tests methods
Abstract

Disadvantages of current bleeding time methods include poor reproducibility, limited repeatability, and at times scar formation. We report a new, in vitro technique which circumvents these problems. Venous blood is collected in sodium citrate, stored capped in a siliconized tube at 37 degrees C until use, and made to flow under constant pressure through a filter of Woven Dacron. Flow rate progressively falls as platelet aggregates occlude the filter, as verified by scanning electron microscopy and 111Indium-labeled platelet radioactivity of the filter. Filter bleeding time (FBT) was 4.33 +/- 1.79 (means x +/- SD) min in 23 healthy human volunteers and 3.08 +/- 1.08 min in 14 normal dogs. Bleeding volume (BV) (number of drops) was 29 +/- 12 in the humans and 16 +/- 6 in the dogs. Initial bleeding rate (IBR) (number of drops during first minute) was 14 +/- 3 in citrated blood and 25 +/- 5 drops/min in EDTA blood of the humans (P = 9 X 10(-10)), 8 +/- 2 in citrated blood and 14 +/- 6 drops/min in EDTA blood of the dogs (P = .0004). Percent platelet reduction during passage of blood through the filter (PCR) was 27.5 +/- 7.2 in citrated blood and 4.9 +/- 2.6 in EDTA blood of the humans (P = 2 X 10(-12)), while in dogs it was 25.7 +/- 8.3 in citrated blood and 5.3 +/- 4.2 in EDTA blood (P = 8 X 10(-7)). The results of these parameters using human platelet rich plasmas (PRPs) were similar to those with human whole blood, but significant decrease of drop rate was not observed in canine PRPs during passage of PRP through the filter. FBT, BV, and IBR were correlated (r = -0.91, -0.84 and -0.62 respectively) with platelet count in 12 specimens obtained from 4 dogs in which thrombocytopenia (107 to 4 X 10(3) platelets/microliter) was induced by estradiol. This new test is unaffected by specimen transport by pneumatic tube, is sensitive to platelets, and should be useful for analysis of both quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities in man.

Published
1983
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50. Muscarinic receptor reserve and beta-adrenergic sensitivity in tracheal smooth muscle.

Author

Gunst SJ, Stropp JQ, and Flavahan NA

Subjects
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride pharmacology, Acetylcholine pharmacology, Animals, Dogs, In Vitro Techniques, Isoproterenol pharmacology, Muscle Contraction drug effects, Muscle, Smooth drug effects, Muscle, Smooth physiology, Parasympathomimetics pharmacology, Piperidines pharmacology, Pirenzepine pharmacology, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta drug effects, Receptors, Muscarinic drug effects, Trachea drug effects, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta physiology, Receptors, Muscarinic physiology, Trachea physiology
Abstract

The possibility that differences in beta-adrenergic sensitivity among canine trachealis muscles contracted with different contractile agonists are related to differences in the receptor-occupancy characteristics of the contractile agonists was investigated. Relaxation to isoproterenol was compared in muscles contracted with the muscarinic agonists McN-A-343 and acetylcholine (ACh). The apparent dissociation constant (pKB) values for the M1-antagonist, pirenzepine, against ACh (6.96 +/- 0.18) and McN-A-343 (6.84 +/- 0.08) were similar. The pKB values for the M3-antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) against ACh (8.76 +/- 0.13) and McN-A-343 (8.71 +/- 0.10) were also similar, suggesting that these agonists were activating the same subtype of muscarinic receptor, probably M3. However, the contractile response to ACh was associated with a greater receptor reserve than that for McN-A-343. Isoproterenol relaxed muscles contracted with McN-A-343 much more effectively than those contracted with an equieffective concentration of ACh. The results suggest that the relative resistance of ACh-induced contractions to relaxation by isoproterenol may not be an inherent quality of muscarinic receptor stimulation. The large receptor reserve available to ACh may act to buffer the contractile response from the inhibitory effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation. Alternatively, ACh may be able to initiate subcellular mechanisms that are unavailable to agonists of lower efficacy.

Published
1989
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