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222 results on '"Stouffer, Richard"'

10. Towards germline gene therapy of inherited mitochondrial diseases

Author

Tachibana, Masahito, Amato, Paula, Sparman, Michelle, Woodward, Joy, Sanchis, Dario Melguizo, Ma, Hong, Gutierrez, Nuria Marti, Tippner-Hedges, Rebecca, Kang, Eunju, Lee, Hyo-Sang, Ramsey, Cathy, Masterson, Keith, Battaglia, David, Lee, David, Wu, Diana, Jensen, Jeffrey, Patton, Phillip, Gokhale, Sumita, Stouffer, Richard, and Mitalipov, Shoukhrat

Subjects
Genetic disorders -- Research, Gene therapy -- Usage -- Methods, Mitochondrial DNA -- Diseases and pests, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with severe human diseases and are maternally inherited through the egg's cytoplasm. Here we investigated the feasibility of mtDNA replacement in human oocytes by spindle transfer (ST; also called spindle-chromosomal complex transfer). Of 106 human oocytes donated for research, 65 were subjected to reciprocal ST and 33 served as controls. Fertilization rate in ST oocytes (73%) was similar to controls (75%); however, a significant portion of ST zygotes (52%) showed abnormal fertilization as determined by an irregular number of pronuclei. Among normally fertilized ST zygotes, blastocyst development (62%) and embryonic stem cell isolation (38%) rates were comparable to controls. All embryonic stem cell lines derived from ST zygotes had normal euploid karyotypes and contained exclusively donor mtDNA. The mtDNA can be efficiently replaced in human oocytes. Although some ST oocytes displayed abnormal fertilization, remaining embryos were capable of developing to blastocysts and producing embryonic stem cells similar to controls., Mitochondrial DNA is localized in the cell's cytoplasm, whereas chromosomal genes are confined to the nucleus. Each cell may have thousands of mtDNA copies, which may all be mutated (homoplasmy) [...]

Published
2013
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15. Activity and expression of different members of the caspase family in the rat corpus luteum during pregnancy and postpartum

Author

Peluffo, Marina C., Stouffer, Richard L., and Tesone, Marta

Subjects
Proteases -- Research, Corpus luteum -- Genetic aspects, Rats -- Genetic aspects, Rattus -- Genetic aspects, Gene expression -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Studies were designed to examine the expression and activity of four caspases that contribute to the initial (caspases-2, -8, and -9) and final (caspase-3) events in apoptosis in the rat corpus luteum (CL) during pregnancy (days 7, 17, 19, and 21 of gestation), postpartum (days 1 and 4), and after injection (0, 8, 16, 24, and 36 h) of the physiological luteolysin PGF2[alpha]. In addition, the temporal relationship of caspase expression/activity relative to steroid production and luteal regression was evaluated. During pregnancy, the activity of all four caspases was significantly greater on clay 19, before a decline in CL progesterone (P) and CYP11A1 levels at day 21 of gestation. The levels of the caspase-3 active fragment (p17, measured by Western blot) also increased at days 19 and 21 of pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analyses detected specific staining for the caspases in luteal cells (large and small) as well as in endothelial cells. However, the percentage of apoptotic cells did not increase in the CL until postpartum. Following PGF2[alpha] injection, there was a significant decrease in CL P by 24 h, although the activity of all four caspases did not increase until 36 h posttreatment. The active p17 fragment of caspase-3 also significantly increased at 36 h postPGF2[alpha]. These results suggest that an increase in the activity of caspases-2, -8, -9, and -3 is associated with the early events of natural luteolysis at the end of pregnancy. Also, the exogenous administration of the luteolysin PGF2[alpha] may regulate members of the caspase family. luteolysis; apoptosis

Published
2007

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