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Background The drive for muscularity behaviors are very common in male athletes, especially in male bodybuilders. Studies have related drive for muscularity behaviors to body dissatisfaction, eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. Methods This study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to the drive for muscularity behaviors of male bodybuilders at risk of developing muscle dysmorphia. The relationships between self-determination theory constructs and drive for muscularity behaviors, via the theory of planned behavior variables (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention) were examined. A total of 175 Swiss male bodybuilders (Mage = 27.34; SDage = 7.53) completed measures on motivation for sport, theory of planned behavior variables, and drive for muscularity behaviors. They practiced bodybuilding from three to 24 h per week (Mhours per week = 6.59; SDhours per week = 3.45) and had done so for 7.19 years on average (SDnumber of years = 6.91). Using bootstrapped maximum likelihood estimation with the AMOS 7.0 program, a series of confirmatory factor analyses was performed on each subscale and a series of path analyses was performed to determine the final model. Results The fit indices of the final model were satisfactory: χ2 (11) = 13.81; p = .244; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .04. The model explained 29% of the variance of drive for muscularity behaviors. The final path analysis supported the motivational sequence, with autonomous motivation for sport showing a positive, significant and indirect association with the drive for muscularity behaviors via perceived behavioral control and intention to gain muscle mass, and controlled motivation for sport showing a positive association with the drive for muscularity behaviors both directly and via attitude and intention to gain muscle mass. Conclusions It was concluded that the trans-contextual model of motivation applies only partially to the drive for muscularity behaviors in male bodybuilders. Perspective The motivational mechanisms explaining the development of drive for muscularity behaviors might be better understood through complementary analyses of motivational profiles. Such investigations would guide the design of programs to lower the risks associated with these behaviors.

Dancers are at high risk of developing disordered eating attitudes, notably because of internalized thinness norms. Although the big five personality traits have been shown to be associated with eating attitudes in daily life, in dancers where eating issues and thinness norms internalization could be salient little is known about these associations and the role of the internalization of thinness norms in this relationship. The main objectives of this study were thus to examine the relationships between the personality traits defined in the big five model and the self-regulation of eating attitudes, and to assess the role of internalized thinness norms in this association. The study included 180 intensively training dancers with an average age of 15.6 years (SD = 2.8). Dancers completed questionnaires measuring the big five personality traits, internalization of thinness norms and self-regulation of eating attitudes in sport. Bootstrapped mediation analyses showed that neuroticism was negatively associated with self-regulation of eating attitudes, both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of internalized thinness norms. This study suggested that: (a) neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for self-regulation of eating attitudes in dancers, as already evidenced in the general population, and (b) the internalization of thinness norms is a pathway through which neuroticism affects self-regulation of eating attitudes. The big five model is therefore partially related to the internalization of thinness norms and eating attitudes in dancers.

International audience; Objectives: We investigated the associations between the Big Five personality traits and occupational burnout in firefighters and the mediating role of achievement goals in this relationship. Methods: Two hundred twenty male firefighters from 20 to 62 years old participated and mediation analyses were performed.Results: The results showed that neuroticism was positively related to the three dimensions of burnout, both directly and through mastery avoidance goals. Mastery approach goals mediated the relationships between conscientiousness and physical fatigue and between openness to experience and physical fatigue.Conclusion: Three of the Big Five personality traits, neuroticism, conscientiousness and openness to experience, and achievement goals, may be important factors in understanding and preventing firefighter burnout.

Thinness is a part of today's sociocultural standards of beauty and thus is implicated in body-image dissatisfaction and eating disorders. In female aesthetic sports, thinness is a standard for aesthetics and performance. Measuring the internalisation of thin-ideal standards in these athletes may therefore help athletes, coaches, parents, administrators, sport psychologists, and so on to gain insight into the risks associated with body-image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. This study aimed to develop and validate the Internalisation of Sociocultural and Thin-Ideal Standards in Sports (ISTISS) scale. Four studies involving 357 female aesthetic athletes examined the exploratory factorial structure, temporal stability, and concurrent validity of the ISTISS, which gave rise to a 10-item scale with two subscales: internalisation of sociocultural standards and thin-ideal standards in sports. Internal consistencies were satisfactory and relationships with the self-regulation of eating attitude in sport we...

International audience

International audience; Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a computerized instrument to assess eating attitudes and behaviors, the “virtual self-service restaurant” (VSSR), and to test for preliminary evidence of its validity. Improved measures of self-regulation in this area should facilitate the management of individuals with eating disorders, particularly athletes, and the implementation of tailored prevention and intervention programs.Results: This interface assesses the individual's basal metabolism, energy expenditure related to physical activity, global energy expenditure, global energy intake (i.e., difference between energy expenditure and intake), and distribution of food intake over the day. The validity of the VSSR was tested in four populations, and the results indicated satisfactory internal and external validity.Conclusion: This instrument, which shows preliminary evidence of validity and reliability, can be used to promote educational nutrition programs for sedentary and athletic populations.; Objectifs: Le but de cette étude était de développer et valider de manière préliminaire un instrument informatisé pour évaluer les attitudes et les comportements alimentaires, le virtual self-service restaurant (VSSR). L’amélioration des mesures de l’autorégulation des comportements alimentaires devrait permettre de mieux accompagner les individus en général, et les athlètes en particulier, en mettant en œuvre des programmes d’intervention et de prévention adaptés.Résultats: Cette interface permet d’évaluer le métabolisme basal de l’individu, la dépense énergétique liée à l’activité physique, la dépense énergétique globale, l’apport énergétique global (i.e., différence entre les dépenses et les apports énergétiques), et la répartition de l’apport alimentaire au cours de la journée. La validité du self virtuel a été examinée auprès de quatre populations. Les validités interne et externe du VSSR se sont révélées satisfaisantes.Conclusion: Cet instrument qui a démontré des premiers indicateurs de validité et de fiabilité, pourra être utilisé pour promouvoir des programmes d’éducation nutritionnelle auprès de populations sédentaires ou sportives.

Introduction The influence of achievement goals on eating attitudes has mainly been examined through correlational studies (e.g., De Bruin, Bakker, & Oudejans, 2009; Duda & Kim, 1997 ), and none of the studies to date has focused on the self-regulation of eating attitudes in athletes. The present study experimentally tested the effects of achievement goals on both self-reported (Study 1) and behavioral indices (Study 2) of the self-regulation of eating attitudes in female figure skaters. Method Elite female figure skaters (Study 1: n = 44; Study 2: n = 54) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions designed to induce specific goal involvement (performance-approach, mastery-approach, performance-avoidance, and mastery-avoidance) or a control condition (no goal induction). The participants in Study 1 completed the Self-Regulation of Eating Attitudes in Sport Scale ( SREASS , Scoffier, Corrion, Paquet, & Arripe-Longueville, 2010 ) and those in Study 2 completed a virtual behavioral measure of self-regulation of eating attitudes ( VSSR ; Scoffier, 2009 ). Results Variance analyses indicated that induced mastery-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals resulted in higher scores for self-regulation of eating attitudes than induced performance-approach goals and mastery-avoidance goals. The relationships were the same at both self-reported and behavioral levels. Discussion This experimental study confirms the findings of previous correlational works and shows that achievement goals contribute to the causal processes of self-regulation of eating attitudes. These findings might help to prevent eating disorders in female athletes by providing guidance for the development of adapted motivational strategies.

Resume L’objet de cette etude etait de developper et valider en langue francaise une echelle courte mesurant le desengagement moral en sport en langue francaise (ECDMS), et de tester son invariance selon le genre. L’outil a ete developpe sur la base de la litterature existante (Bandura et al. [2001,2003]) [6] , [7] . Trois etudes complementaires ont ete realisees aupres de 1305 etudiants. Dans la premiere etude, l’analyse factorielle d’une premiere version de l’ECDMS a permis d’identifier deux sous-echelles de trois items (i.e., rejet ou partage de responsabilite [RPR] ; minimisation [MIN] des transgressions et de leurs consequences) presentant de bonnes consistances internes. La deuxieme etude a confirme la structure bifactorielle de l’instrument et a montre son invariance partielle selon le genre. Enfin, la troisieme etude a montre la fidelite temporelle et la validite theorique de l’instrument au travers de ses relations avec d’autres construits mesurant l’autoregulation des affects ou les comportements prosociaux des individus (Boardley et Kavussanu [2007] et Corrion et al. [2009]) [9] , [14] . Au final, l’ECDMS apparait comme un instrument presentant de bonnes qualites psychometriques et constitue un outil en langue francaise pouvant ouvrir la voie a de futures recherches sur le desengagement moral d’adolescents ou d’adultes sportifs.

This study extends previous psychosocial literature (Bandura et al., 2001, 2003) by examining a structural model of the self-regulatory mechanisms governing the acceptability and likelihood of cheating in a sport context. Male and female adolescents (N = 804), aged 15–20 years, took part in this study. Negative affective self-regulatory efficacy influenced the acceptability and likelihood of cheating through the mediating role of moral disengagement, in females and males. Affective efficacy positively influenced prosocial behavior through moral disengagement or through resistive self-regulatory efficacy and social efficacy, in both groups. The direct effects of affective efficacy on beliefs about cheating were only evident in females. These results extend the findings of Bandura et al. (2001, 2003) to the sport context and suggest that affective and resistive self-regulatory efficacy operate in concert in governing adolescents’ moral disengagement and transgressive behaviors in sport.

International audience; This study examined the influence of locus of control on disordered eating as mediated by the self-regulation of eating attitudes. The assessment instruments were adapted for athletes as the entire sample of 179 volunteer University students (M(age)=21.12; SD=2.87) were all regularly involved in competition. The results showed that (a) an internal locus of control had a positive influence on the self-regulation of eating attitudes in social interaction contexts; (b) self-regulatory eating attitudes had a negative influence on disordered eating in contexts of negative affect, social interaction, and lack of anticipation of consequences on performance; and (c) an internal locus of control had an influence on disordered eating through the mediation of self-regulatory eating attitudes in social interaction contexts, and an external locus of control attributed to the coach and sports friends had an influence on disordered eating through the mediation of self-regulatory eating attitudes in contexts of negative affect, social interaction and lack of anticipation of consequences on performance. This study, combined with an earlier study from Scoffier, Maïano, and d'Arripe-Longueville (2009) on the antecedents of athletes' eating disorders, suggests the powerful impact of the social environment on the development of disordered eating in athletes.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of social relationships (i.e., coach, friends, and parents) and acceptance (i.e., peers) on disturbed eating attitudes (DEAs) in elite adolescent female athletes, through the mediating role of physical self-perception (i.e., perceived physical appearance and perceived physical ability). Method: The sample comprised 227 elite adolescent female athletes (Mage = 15.75; SDage = 3.00) engaged in various esthetic sports. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling method and mediation analysis. Results: They showed that peer acceptance and quality of parent–athlete relationships have a significant negative influence on DEA in elite adolescent female athletes. Moreover, the quality of relationship with the coach and sport friend has a significant positive influence on DEA in female athletes through the mediating role of perceived physical ability. Discussion: The quality of relationship with parents and peer acceptance would be a protective factor regarding DEA, whereas the quality of relationships with coach and friend in sport would be risk factors for the development of DEA in adolescent female athletes through the mediating role of perceived physical ability. Recommendations for future use of, and research on, activities are outlined. The effects of social relationships and acceptance on DEA in elite adolescent female athletes: the mediating role of physical self-perceptions. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010.

International audience; The main aim of the present series of studies was to test the factor validity and reliability of the Sport Friendship Quality Scale (SFQS; Weiss & Smith, 1999) in a French adolescent sample. Four studies, involving a total sample of 589 participants , were performed in order to translate items from the SFQS into French (SFQS-FR) and evaluate their clarity (Study 1) and to assess (a) the concurrent validity (Study 2), (b) the factor validity and reliability (Study 3), and (c) the temporal stability (Study 4) of the SFQS-FR. Study 1 provided support for the item content of the preliminary version of the SFQS-FR for adolescents. Study 2 supported the convergent validity of both the SFQS and SFQS-FR. Finally, Studies 3 and 4 provided (a) support for the factorial structure and reliability (i.e., internal consistency and temporal stability) of a seven-factor model of the SFQS-FR, (b) partial support for the factorial invariance for the aforementioned model across gender and age, and (c) support and partial support for the latent mean invariance of the seven-factor model across age and gender, respectively. The present results thus provide preliminary evidence for the appropriateness of the SFQS-FR for adolescents. Nevertheless , further evaluation of this instrument is warranted to establish the robust-ness of the present findings.