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Today, dental implantology represents a reliable technique for treating both partial and total edentulism. The fixation of dentures on dental implants can be achieved using various techniques, where the choice of a specific technique depends on the patient’s individual needs, the jawbone’s condition, and the prosthesis design. Currently, the two most common types of prosthetic abutment connections are cemented and screwed, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to analyze a novel Morse cone connection system between the prosthesis and implant using finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis of connection retention was conducted using three different approaches: analytical, in vitro, and FEA. Three-dimensional models were created for systems comprising an abutment, healing cap, and crown under three inclination conditions: 0°, 15°, and 30°. Using Ansys finite element software (R1 2023), the impact of the tilt on the system retention was examined. The FEA showed results comparable with the in vitro studies regarding the retention strength for an abutment cap system with a 4° taper, obtaining 66.6 N compared with the 68 N calculated in our in vitro study. The inclination of the abutment affected the system retention due to the hole made in the abutment’s surface, decreasing the contact area between components. The Morse cone prosthesis–implant connection system was found to be the most stable and efficient compared with threaded or cemented systems. The retention was influenced by factors such as the abutment conicity, insertion strength, and the contact surface between components.

Microplastic pollution poses an escalating concern, particularly in coastal lagoons rich in biodiversity. This study delved into the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in Magallana gigas (formerly Crassostrea gigas) from the Orbetello and Varano coastal lagoons (Italy), also investigating the response of these filter-feeding organisms to various colors (P = pink; B = blue; W = white) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MP fragments. Oysters were exposed for 7 days under controlled conditions. Subsequently, the oysters underwent analysis for both MP presence and biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Diverse ingestion rates of HDPE were noted among oysters from the two lagoons, eliciting antioxidant responses and modifying baseline activity. The two-way ANOVA revealed the significant effects of treatment (control; HDPE_B; HDPE_P; HDPE_W), site, and the interaction between treatment and site on all biomarkers. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed a divergent effect of HDPE color on biomarkers. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the influence of MP color, dose-dependent effects, and the long-term impacts of exposure. Comprehending these intricacies is imperative for devising effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution and safeguard marine health.

An efficient and adaptive strategy within the EU Marine Spatial Planning Directive has to manage the existing and increasing conflicts between human uses and habitat conservation in coastal-marine areas. Among the different human activities developed along the coasts, aquaculture occupies a primary role. In this context, the aims of this research have been: (1) to propose a conceptual model suitable for aquaculture marine spatial planning; (2) to collect and integrate indicators useful for the characterization of the study area in terms of socio-ecological-economic sensitivities and pressures; and (3) to identify and map the most suitable areas for the development of new fish and shellfish farms. The study area is the Apulia Region (Southern Italy) with a coastline of about 1,000 km, in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, and characterized by several economic activities within a high value natural context. The evaluation of area’s suitability for fish and shellfish farms have been carried out through the ecological characterization of the coastal areas, the identification of the socio-economic, ecological, cultural, and legal-military constraints and the estimate of the “Suitability Index” that, through a Weighted Linear Combination, integrates environmental variables and allows to classify areas as “Highly Suitable”, “Suitable” or “Unsuitable”. The “highly suitable areas” for new fish and shellfish farms are mainly located in northernmost of the Southern Adriatic Sea along the Gargano coast and in the Gulf of Manfredonia, whilst concerning the Northern Ionian Sea they are at a mean distance of 5 Km from the shoreline. The suitability maps have shown that existing fish farms are in line with their suitable areas but, surprisingly, this has seemed not to be true for shellfish farms. This can be explained by the fact that these aquaculture activities have traditionally been present in some areas (e.g., Taranto Seas), currently strongly impacted by human activities. This research has highlighted that despite aquaculture is generally conceived as an environmental impacting activity, it could be also impacted by other environmental and/or anthropic stressors (i.e., industrial ports, sewage discharges). Considering all these elements, the present research addresses decision-makers, providing information and tools necessary to plan in a more aware way, and also stakeholders interested in investing in the aquaculture sector, who could benefit from the proposed suitability maps for fish and shellfish farms for a sustainable development of this sector.

The issue of dental implant placement relative to the alveolar crest, whether in supracrestal, equicrestal, or subcrestal positions, remains highly controversial, leading to conflicting data in various studies. Three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can offer insights into the biomechanical aspects of dental implants and the surrounding bone. A 3D model of the jaw was generated using computed tomography (CT) scans, considering a cortical thickness of 1.5 mm. Subsequently, Morse cone implant–abutment connection implants were virtually positioned at the model’s center, at equicrestal (0 mm) and subcrestal levels (−1 mm and −2 mm). The findings indicated the highest stress within the cortical bone around the equicrestally placed implant, the lowest stress in the −2 mm subcrestally placed implant, and intermediate stresses in the −1 mm subcrestally placed implant. In terms of clinical relevance, this study suggested that subcrestal placement of a Morse cone implant–abutment connection (ranging between −1 and −2 mm) could be recommended to reduce peri-implant bone resorption and achieve longer-term implant success.

Extreme atrophy of the maxilla still poses challenges for clinicians. Some of the techniques used to address this issue can be complex, risky, expensive, and time consuming, often requiring skilled surgeons. While many commonly used techniques have achieved very high success rates, complications may arise in certain cases. In this context, the premaxillary device (PD) technique offers a simpler approach to reconstruct severely atrophic maxillae, aiming to avoid more complicated and risky surgical procedures. Finite element analysis (FEA) enables the evaluation of different aspects of dental implant biomechanics. Our results demonstrated that using a PD allows for an optimal distribution of stresses on the basal bone, avoiding tension peaks that can lead to bone resorption or implant failure. ANSYS® was used to perform localized finite element analysis (FEA), enabling a more precise examination of the peri-crestal area and the PD through an accurate mesh element reconstruction, which facilitated the mathematical solution of FEA. The most favorable biomechanical behavior was observed for materials such as titanium alloys, which helped to reduce stress levels on bone, implants, screws, and abutments. Additionally, stress values remained within the limits of basal bone and titanium alloy strengths. In conclusion, from a biomechanical point of view, PDs appear to be viable alternatives for rehabilitating severe atrophic maxillae.

Peri-implant bone resorption has been reported around some implants after loading, which could create problems for the peri-implant soft and hard tissues’ long-term stability. The reasons for this are still not known. However, relevant importance could be given to this due to the presence of a bacterial contamination at the micro-gap level between implant and abutment. In this regard, external and internal implant–abutment assemblies have been shown to be much more permeable to bacterial colonization than Cone-Morse or conical connections. The placement of a subcrestal implant could have aesthetic advantages, therefore allowing a better prosthetic emergence profile. In literature, controversial experimental and clinical results have been reported on bone resorption around implants placed equicrestally and subcrestally. Interestingly, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) studies revealed to be extremely useful for assessing the peri-implant bone strain and stress. Thus, this study conducted a FEA evaluation of implants with a Cone-Morse implant–abutment assembly inserted into a bone block model mimicking equicrestal (0 mm) and subcrestal placements (−1 and −2 mm). Results demonstrated that maximum stresses were observed in the cortical bone around equicrestally placed implants, with the lowest in the 2 mm subcrestally placed implant and intermediate stresses within the 1 mm subcrestally placed implant. The cortical bone resulted more stressed under lateral loads than axial loads. In conclusion, this FEA study suggested a subcrestal implant placement ranging between −1 and −2 mm to obtain an adequate peri-implant stress pattern.

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants that have also been detected in the aquatic ecosystems at high concentrations. The use of shellfish as bioindicators is widespread for assessing and monitoring the environmental quality in both freshwater and marine environments. On this path, biomarkers represent an effective tool in monitoring programs. This minireview would broaden the existing knowledge on biomarkers of MPs in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. This species was selected as it is widely distributed across the Mediterranean Sea and used as a bioindicator to monitor the presence of MPs in the marine environment. The literature search returned only 11 studies, mainly related to oxidative stress biomarkers. Although certain biomarkers were explored to estimate the effects of MPs on M. galloprovincialis, a battery of standardized and validated biomarkers as well as the inclusion of new ones are needed in future studies to obtain more comparable and robust findings across the Mediterranean Sea.

The aim of biomechanics applied to implantology is to determine the deformative and tensional states by solving the equilibrium equations within the mandibular bone and the osseointegrated implant to ensure its stability and improve the success rate. The finite element method is a powerful numerical technique that uses computing power to derive approximate solutions for the analysis of components with very complex geometry, loads, materials, and especially the biomechanical problems analysis, which is challenging to find in vivo or in vitro. This study performs a complete FEA survey on 3 implants Cono-in with 3 different diameters 3.4 mm, 4.5 mm, and 5.2 mm with abutments inclined to 15° and evaluates the tensions that are generated in the system as a result of the application of chewing loads. In this study, the extent of the stresses developed in the peri-crestal zone of the implants with the variation of the occlusal overstress acting on them was also evaluated. Autodesk Inventor Nastran Software was used to perform this type of localized finite element analysis; With this type of analysis, it was possible to analyze the peri-crestal area of the implant more precisely through a more accurate reconstruction of the mesh element, which allowed us to solve the FEA solution mathematically. The results showed how the application of the inclined load with respect to the vertical load on a larger diameter system leads to an increase in stress.

Environmental diagnostics are commonly used to identify anthropogenic influences in various environmental settings. However, the use of a single survey technique is limiting and leads to an incomplete and often inaccurate picture of reality. In this study, three real cases analyzing impacts on marine ecosystems have been presented to prove how the integration of different diagnostic techniques can be very beneficial to better understand the phenomena that occur as well as the impacts and associated damages. Studies combining classical diagnostics based on the determination of contaminant levels by chemical analysis, ecotoxicological tests and stress biomarkers with diagnostics by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-FESEM and X-ray diffraction-XRD microscopy are reported. Findings suggest that the embedding of chemical analyses, ecotoxicology and microchemical FESEM and XRD analyses allow us to hit the mark and give precise and effective responses in environmental management.

In open regions of the Ross Sea, the role of the microbial community in the turnover of organic matter has scarcely been investigated; indeed, very little is known on how microbial distribution and functional diversity respond to environmental conditions and hydrographic structures. During the austral summer of 2017, two pelagic areas of the Ross Sea [the Drygalski Ice Tongue and the nearby Terra Nova Bay polynya (A area), and the continental Shelf Break area near Cape Adare (C area)] were studied at selected depths [surface, Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), deep waters]. Trophic properties [nutrient concentrations, particulate (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its optically significant fraction (CDOM) were measured, together with the main hydrological variables. Microbial community abundance [total prokaryotes, living, dead, and actively respiring fraction, high- and low nucleic acid cells (HNA and LNA), pico- and nano-eukaryotes, culturable heterotrophic bacteria], composition, and metabolism (as whole community and as isolated bacteria) were also assessed. Through a multidisciplinary dataset, this study highlighted the variable response of microbial abundance, diversity, and metabolism of the microbial community to the changing local environmental conditions of the Ross Sea. Different forces, such as organic matter inputs (mostly of detrital nature) released from the Drygalski glacier in the A area, and a coastal-to-offshore gradient in the C area, coexisted within this extreme ecosystem. This resulted in a significant spatial segregation of the edaphic parameters, and of the microbial community distribution and metabolic activity patterns.

Microplastic pollution poses an escalating concern, particularly in coastal lagoons rich in biodiversity. This study delved into the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in Magallana gigas (formerly Crassostrea gigas) from the Orbetello and Varano coastal lagoons (Italy), also investigating the response of these filter-feeding organisms to various colors (P = pink; B = blue; W = white) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MP fragments. Oysters were exposed for 7 days under controlled conditions. Subsequently, the oysters underwent analysis for both MP presence and biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Diverse ingestion rates of HDPE were noted among oysters from the two lagoons, eliciting antioxidant responses and modifying baseline activity. The two-way ANOVA revealed the significant effects of treatment (control; HDPE_B; HDPE_P; HDPE_W), site, and the interaction between treatment and site on all biomarkers. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed a divergent effect of HDPE color on biomarkers. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the influence of MP color, dose-dependent effects, and the long-term impacts of exposure. Comprehending these intricacies is imperative for devising effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution and safeguard marine health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, dental implantology represents a reliable technique for treating both partial and total edentulism. The fixation of dentures on dental implants can be achieved using various techniques, where the choice of a specific technique depends on the patient's individual needs, the jawbone's condition, and the prosthesis design. Currently, the two most common types of prosthetic abutment connections are cemented and screwed, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to analyze a novel Morse cone connection system between the prosthesis and implant using finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis of connection retention was conducted using three different approaches: analytical, in vitro, and FEA. Three-dimensional models were created for systems comprising an abutment, healing cap, and crown under three inclination conditions: 0°, 15°, and 30°. Using Ansys finite element software (R1 2023), the impact of the tilt on the system retention was examined. The FEA showed results comparable with the in vitro studies regarding the retention strength for an abutment cap system with a 4° taper, obtaining 66.6 N compared with the 68 N calculated in our in vitro study. The inclination of the abutment affected the system retention due to the hole made in the abutment's surface, decreasing the contact area between components. The Morse cone prosthesis–implant connection system was found to be the most stable and efficient compared with threaded or cemented systems. The retention was influenced by factors such as the abutment conicity, insertion strength, and the contact surface between components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of dental implant placement relative to the alveolar crest, whether in supracrestal, equicrestal, or subcrestal positions, remains highly controversial, leading to conflicting data in various studies. Three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can offer insights into the biomechanical aspects of dental implants and the surrounding bone. A 3D model of the jaw was generated using computed tomography (CT) scans, considering a cortical thickness of 1.5 mm. Subsequently, Morse cone implant–abutment connection implants were virtually positioned at the model's center, at equicrestal (0 mm) and subcrestal levels (−1 mm and −2 mm). The findings indicated the highest stress within the cortical bone around the equicrestally placed implant, the lowest stress in the −2 mm subcrestally placed implant, and intermediate stresses in the −1 mm subcrestally placed implant. In terms of clinical relevance, this study suggested that subcrestal placement of a Morse cone implant–abutment connection (ranging between −1 and −2 mm) could be recommended to reduce peri-implant bone resorption and achieve longer-term implant success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme atrophy of the maxilla still poses challenges for clinicians. Some of the techniques used to address this issue can be complex, risky, expensive, and time consuming, often requiring skilled surgeons. While many commonly used techniques have achieved very high success rates, complications may arise in certain cases. In this context, the premaxillary device (PD) technique offers a simpler approach to reconstruct severely atrophic maxillae, aiming to avoid more complicated and risky surgical procedures. Finite element analysis (FEA) enables the evaluation of different aspects of dental implant biomechanics. Our results demonstrated that using a PD allows for an optimal distribution of stresses on the basal bone, avoiding tension peaks that can lead to bone resorption or implant failure. ANSYS® was used to perform localized finite element analysis (FEA), enabling a more precise examination of the peri-crestal area and the PD through an accurate mesh element reconstruction, which facilitated the mathematical solution of FEA. The most favorable biomechanical behavior was observed for materials such as titanium alloys, which helped to reduce stress levels on bone, implants, screws, and abutments. Additionally, stress values remained within the limits of basal bone and titanium alloy strengths. In conclusion, from a biomechanical point of view, PDs appear to be viable alternatives for rehabilitating severe atrophic maxillae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peri-implant bone resorption has been reported around some implants after loading, which could create problems for the peri-implant soft and hard tissues' long-term stability. The reasons for this are still not known. However, relevant importance could be given to this due to the presence of a bacterial contamination at the micro-gap level between implant and abutment. In this regard, external and internal implant–abutment assemblies have been shown to be much more permeable to bacterial colonization than Cone-Morse or conical connections. The placement of a subcrestal implant could have aesthetic advantages, therefore allowing a better prosthetic emergence profile. In literature, controversial experimental and clinical results have been reported on bone resorption around implants placed equicrestally and subcrestally. Interestingly, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) studies revealed to be extremely useful for assessing the peri-implant bone strain and stress. Thus, this study conducted a FEA evaluation of implants with a Cone-Morse implant–abutment assembly inserted into a bone block model mimicking equicrestal (0 mm) and subcrestal placements (−1 and −2 mm). Results demonstrated that maximum stresses were observed in the cortical bone around equicrestally placed implants, with the lowest in the 2 mm subcrestally placed implant and intermediate stresses within the 1 mm subcrestally placed implant. The cortical bone resulted more stressed under lateral loads than axial loads. In conclusion, this FEA study suggested a subcrestal implant placement ranging between −1 and −2 mm to obtain an adequate peri-implant stress pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of biomechanics applied to implantology is to determine the deformative and tensional states by solving the equilibrium equations within the mandibular bone and the osseointegrated implant to ensure its stability and improve the success rate. The finite element method is a powerful numerical technique that uses computing power to derive approximate solutions for the analysis of components with very complex geometry, loads, materials, and especially the biomechanical problems analysis, which is challenging to find in vivo or in vitro. This study performs a complete FEA survey on 3 implants Cono-in with 3 different diameters 3.4 mm, 4.5 mm, and 5.2 mm with abutments inclined to 15° and evaluates the tensions that are generated in the system as a result of the application of chewing loads. In this study, the extent of the stresses developed in the peri-crestal zone of the implants with the variation of the occlusal overstress acting on them was also evaluated. Autodesk Inventor Nastran Software was used to perform this type of localized finite element analysis; With this type of analysis, it was possible to analyze the peri-crestal area of the implant more precisely through a more accurate reconstruction of the mesh element, which allowed us to solve the FEA solution mathematically. The results showed how the application of the inclined load with respect to the vertical load on a larger diameter system leads to an increase in stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental diagnostics are commonly used to identify anthropogenic influences in various environmental settings. However, the use of a single survey technique is limiting and leads to an incomplete and often inaccurate picture of reality. In this study, three real cases analyzing impacts on marine ecosystems have been presented to prove how the integration of different diagnostic techniques can be very beneficial to better understand the phenomena that occur as well as the impacts and associated damages. Studies combining classical diagnostics based on the determination of contaminant levels by chemical analysis, ecotoxicological tests and stress biomarkers with diagnostics by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-FESEM and X-ray diffraction-XRD microscopy are reported. Findings suggest that the embedding of chemical analyses, ecotoxicology and microchemical FESEM and XRD analyses allow us to hit the mark and give precise and effective responses in environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Gianpaolo. Grilli, Angelo. Moffa, Francesco. Perfetto, Leonardo. Specchiulli, Roberta. Vinci, Luca. Macarini, Luciano. Zizzo An 8-year-old girl was admitted during the night in our emergency department for an acute [...]

In open regions of the Ross Sea, the role of the microbial community in the turnover of organic matter has scarcely been investigated; indeed, very little is known on how microbial distribution and functional diversity respond to environmental conditions and hydrographic structures. During the austral summer of 2017, two pelagic areas of the Ross Sea [the Drygalski Ice Tongue and the nearby Terra Nova Bay polynya (A area), and the continental Shelf Break area near Cape Adare (C area)] were studied at selected depths [surface, Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), deep waters]. Trophic properties [nutrient concentrations, particulate (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its optically significant fraction (CDOM) were measured, together with the main hydrological variables. Microbial community abundance [total prokaryotes, living, dead, and actively respiring fraction, high- and low nucleic acid cells (HNA and LNA), pico- and nano-eukaryotes, culturable heterotrophic bacteria], composition, and metabolism (as whole community and as isolated bacteria) were also assessed. Through a multidisciplinary dataset, this study highlighted the variable response of microbial abundance, diversity, and metabolism of the microbial community to the changing local environmental conditions of the Ross Sea. Different forces, such as organic matter inputs (mostly of detrital nature) released from the Drygalski glacier in the A area, and a coastal-to-offshore gradient in the C area, coexisted within this extreme ecosystem. This resulted in a significant spatial segregation of the edaphic parameters, and of the microbial community distribution and metabolic activity patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]