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Cet article rend compte d’une recherche exploratoire menée auprès d’acteurs chargés de la diffusion et de la promotion de la langue française à l’étranger. Dans le cadre de leur mission de coopération linguistique et éducative, ils mènent des actions qui impliquent de prendre en compte d’un côté, les priorités et les enjeux globaux et de l’autre, les spécificités et les contextes locaux dans lesquels ils interviennent. Basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d’agents de la coopération linguistique et éducative, cette recherche tente de répondre aux questions suivantes : comment ces acteurs adaptent les orientations globales de la politique linguistique et éducative de la France aux contextes et besoins locaux ? Comment donnent-ils sens aux situations, à leurs actions et aux interactions entre universalisation et diversification ? Ces questionnements nous conduisent à porter une attention particulière à la signification et l’interprétation d’expériences individuelles de ces acteurs et de leurs rapports à leur métier et missions.

In biomaterials development, creating materials with desirable properties can be a time‐consuming and resource‐intensive process, often relying on serendipitous discoveries. A potential route to accelerate this process is to employ artificial intelligence methodologies such as machine learning (ML). Herein, the possibility to predict anti‐inflammatory properties of the polymers by using a simplified model of inflammation and a restrained dataset is explored. Cellular assays with 50 different polymers are conducted using the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 as a model. These experiments generate a dataset which is used to develop a ML model based on Bayesian logistic regression. After conducting a Bayesian logistic regression analysis, two ML models, K‐nearest neighbors (KNN) and Naïve Bayes, are employed to predict anti‐inflammatory polymers properties. The study finds that the probability of a polymer having anti‐inflammatory properties is multiplied by three if it is a polycation, and that nitric oxide secretion is a good indicator in determining the anti‐inflammatory properties of a polymer, which in this work are defined by tumor necrosis factor alpha expression decrease. Overall, the study suggests that with appropriate dataset design, ML techniques can provide valuable information on functional polymer properties, enabling faster and more efficient biomaterial development.

Galaxy cluster number counts are an important probe to constrain cosmological parameters. One of the main ingredients of the analysis is the selection function, and in particular the completeness, associated to the cluster sample one is considering. Incorrectly characterising this function can lead to biases in the cosmological constraints. In this work we study the selection function of the Planck cosmological cluster catalogue. In particular, we detail the case in which the cluster model assumed in the detection method differs from the true galaxy clusters, both in terms of profile and shape. We find that varying the cluster pressure profile has a significant effect on the completeness, with clusters with steeper profiles producing a higher completeness than ones with flatter profiles. On the other hand, cluster shapes seem to have a smaller impact on the completeness.

We provide a new scaling relation using a sample of clusters from a full re-observation by the X-ray Chandra telescope of the Planck ESZ catalogue, and compare it to the results of the Planck collaboration obtained from a smaller sample of XMM-Newton observations. We discuss the expected effects of the change of the scaling relation parameters on the cosmological constraints obtained from the Planck cluster sample, and the remaining steps to obtain final constraints from this new scaling relation.

In 2017, a second year student of the master's degree in French as a foreign language, who was doing her internship at the Centre Universitaire d'Études Françaises de Grenoble, took charge of a twenty-hour course for a dozen adults in exile. Her wish was to move away from an educational framework that she considered too formal, in particular by using Facebook as a complement to the face-to-face course. This teacher's experience led us to question the articulation between formal and informal in the different spaces of exchange created on Facebook by the teacher and on Messenger by the learners, particularly concerning the roles of the different participants. Our study focuses on online exchanges between learners and between learners and the teacher. We seek to determine the formal or informal nature of the latter by relying on a certain number of parameters for analysing an exchange situation, with reference to the field of interactional analysis and that of computer-mediated communication.

Dans le domaine de l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues, Internet a un rôle important à jouer. Non pas tant en raison des multiples ressources pédagogiques et authentiques que l’on peut y trouver que du fait que son utilisation s’inscrit dans le cadre de nombreuses activités de la vie quotidienne. La transposition de ces activités en classe relève en effet parfaitement de la perspective actionnelle (Conseil de l’Europe, 2001). Cet article montre, à partir de l’analyse de scénarios pédagogiques réalisés dans le cadre du projet Forttice et de l’étude du processus qui a abouti à leur élaboration, quels sont les lieux de résistance à une intégration réussie d’Internet et des tâches en classe de français langue étrangère (FLE).