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These proceedings contain 3 speaker presentations and 17 workshop papers from a conference of experts who are involved in creating environments that encourage people to be creative, innovative, and entrepreneurial. The speaker presentations are "Creative Public-Private Sector Ventures--'The Success Series'" (Bettianne Welch), "Just Do It" (Wally "Famous" Amos), and "If Constructively Creative Divergent Thinking Equals Entrepreneur...How Can We Help Create More of Them?" (Arthur Zipper, III). Workshop papers include "The Visionary Entrepreneur" (Sidney Parnes); "New Business in America: A Second Report on Research in Progress" (William Dunkelberg, William Dennis); "Entrepreneurship Education for Inner City Youth and Adults: An Innovative Approach" (Peter Crabtree, Jim Hamp);"Developing a City-Wide Program to Promote Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship" (Dan Pursuit); "Business Development Program" (Gene Atherton, Mark Menente); "Creativity: Its Practical Applications--Learning the Rules of Creative Action" (Bruce Honig); "The Entrepreneurial Phenomena" (Erik Winslow, George Solomon); "Home-Based Business: An Overview" (Thomas Gray); "Helen's Kitchen--A Recipe for Success" (Helen Smith); "Managing Creativity and Innovation" (H. Daniel Stage et al.); "Growth through Merger and Acquisitions" (Arthur Schaefer et al.); "Innovative Leadership for Enterpreneurship Education" (Linda Van Ballenberghe et al.); "Exploring Creativity in Formal Organizations" (Bruce Whiting); "Managing Creative and Innovative Activities" (L. W. Fernald); "Developing a Research Tool to Identify Corporate Entrepreneurs" (K. Mark Weaver); "Small Business in the Year 2000" (Thomas Gray); and "Who Uses Small Business Training? A Profile of Small Business Owners Most Likely to Use College and University Training and Education" (W. F. Kiesner). An agenda and participants list are appended. (YLB)

The following papers are included: "Defining the Win and Thereby Lessening the Losses for Successful Entrepreneurs" (Arthur Lipper III); "It Can Be Done" (Anthony Lemme); "A Self-Portrait of Entrepreneurs" (George T. Solomon, Erik K. Winslow); "Software Entrepreneurship: Lessons Learned" (John Coyne); "Developing and Implementing Entrepreneurial Cultures" (K. Mark Weaver); "New Venture Techniques that Work: The Celluland Story" (George L. Hess, Kenneth A. Willig); "Supporting Creativity within Commercial Enterprises" (Bruce G. Whiting); "People Say It's a Great Idea: Blue Crab Bay Company" (Pamela Barefoot); "Lateral Thinking: The Underlying Variable Influencing Creative, Innovative, and Entrepreneurial Characteristics" (L. W. Fernald, Jr.); "Evaluating a Business Opportunity" (Steve Marshall Cohen); "The Entrepreneurial Endeavor: Taking the Exam before You've Taken the Course" (Arax M. Kalajian); "The Ohio Ventures in Business Ownership Project" (M. Catherine Ashmore); "Rx for Advertising" (Edmond A. Bruneau); "Creative Approaches to Marketing Strategies for Entrepreneurial Ventures" (John T. Redington); "Entrepreneurship Education for America's Youth" (M. Catherine Ashmore, Lou Perry, Sonia Price); "Trends in Incubator Development and Management Assistance Strategies for Incubators" (Anthony M. Robinson); "Control Data Corporation's Business Development Programs: Tools to Assist Today's Entrepreneur" (Gene Agerton); and "The Third Year of New Business in America: A Progress Report" (William J. Dennis, Jr., William C. Dunkelberg). (MN)

The following papers are included: "The Visionary Entrepreneur" (Sidney J. Parnes); "Creative Discipline: Entrepreneurial Objective or Oxymoron" (Arthur Lipper III); "Wowing Your Customers" (Stew Leonard); "Results of Recent Studies Examining the Effect of Need for Achievement and Other Variables upon Entrepreneurship" (David C. McClelland); "The Entrepreneurial Mind" (Ayn Decker); "Shepherding Innovation and Entrepreneurship throughout the Business" (Mary Walsh Mossop, Jack Mossop); "New Business in America: A Report on Research" (William C. Dunkelberg, Arnold C. Cooper, William J. Dennis); "Value Profiles of Female Entrepreneurs" (Lloyd W. Fernald, George T. Solomon); "Business Intelligence Techniques for the Entrepreneurial Firm" (Benny Gilad); "A Look at the Rationality of the Decision to Export by High Technology Exporters and Non-Exporters" (K. Mark Weaver); "Climate to Promote Entrepreneurship or Intrapreneurship" (Erik K. Winslow); "An Expert Support System for Compensation Decisions" (Ernest H. Forman); "The Effects of Trucking Deregulation on the U.S. Economy, 1980-1985" (Thomas A. Gray); "Workshop on Ownership of Ideas and Information" (Peter Marx); "'Contracting Out'--Stimulant to Small Business Employment Growth?" (William C. Dunkelberg, William J. Dennis); "Some Thoughts on Gaining Creative Contributions in Organizations" (Bruce C. Whiting); "The Risks and Rewards" (M. Catherine Ashmore); "Can Franchising Survive?" (Lee William Sutherland); "Special Legislation Commission on Small Business Incubators: The Commonwealth of Massachusetts" (Frances F. Alexander); "Making Financial Projections for a Business Plan" (Richard P. Ruskan, Diana Ororbia); "Financial Management/Tax Planning for the Entrepreneur" (Bernard W. Meyler); "Innovative Firms Need Innovative Financing" (Bruce D. Phillips); and "The Minimization of Transaction Exposure by a Sample International Business" (Carl R. Crego). (MN)

These proceedings present 5 keynote addresses and 28 session papers focusing on creation of environments for stimulating entrepreneurial activities. The keynote addresses are "Entrepreneurial Leadership--A Performing Art" (Gordon L. Lippitt); "Innovation & Entrepreneurship at Work in a Large Company" (George F. Troy); "Thoughts Regarding Entrepreneurship Education" (Arthur Lipper, III); "Self Employment: Who Are the Entrepreneurs and How Does Government Create a Climate for These People?" (Frank S. Swain); and "Innovation: Where Is the Relish?" (Frederick Herzberg). Session papers include "Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: Toward a New Conceptual Framework" (Carl Crego); "Small Business Dynamics, Effective Resource Utilization, and Innovation" (Thomas A. Gray); "Complexity and Disequilibrium: How Creativity, Entrepreneurship, and the Economy Come Together" (Benny Gilad); "Stimulating High Technology Innovations" (J. Davidson Frame); "An Examination of Export Attitudes and Behaviors of High Technology Manufacturers" (K. Mark Weaver); "The Technology Center Concept: Helping Businesses Start and Grow" (Loren Schultz); "Small Business Incubators: A Creative Tool for Local Development" (Jim Van Dyke); "Motivating (Guiding) Entrepreneurial (Intrapreneurial) Behavior" (Erik K. Winslow); "The Eleven Commandments: 4+3+2+1=11" (Reid J. Daitzman); "Entrepreneurial Employees--The Keys to Business Success in the Information Age" (Michael D. London); "A Longitudinal Study of the Dynamics of Small Business Growth and Development" (William C. Dunkelberg, et al.);"Characteristics of Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owner-Managers: A Review of the Literature" (George T. Solomon); "Value Profiles of Entrepreneurs" (Lloyd W. Fernald, Jr.); "Values, Organizational Size, and the Rational Model According to Peters and Waterman" (James E. Martin, et al.); "Entrepreneurship Education: Path to Creativity" (M. Catherine Ashmore); "Public Policy Affecting Entrepreneurship, Venture Capital, and Technology" (Gerald F. Feigen); "School/Small Business Partnerships: Their Development and Their Need" (Leslie P. Hitch); "Roots of Entrepreneurship--From Small Beginnings to Major Corporations" (Gordon W. Engdahl); "Warning Signals" (Brian R. Ford); "Innovation through Investment in People: The Consideration of Creative Styles" (Robert Rosenfeld); "Public and Private Creativity" (Teresa M. Amabile, Susan J. Sensabaugh); "Innovative Problem Solving and Military Leadership" (Dennis E. Coates); "Creativity Enters the Curriculum at National Defense University" (Daniel B. Chapla); "Accountable Think Time: An Executive Function" (Harold R. Mc Alindon); "New Product Screening as an Analytical Hierarchy Process" (Robert F. Dyer); "The Small Business Innovation Research Program: A New Resource for Product Development" (George I. Morning); "Venture Capital's Role in Financing Innovation for Economic Growth" (Jeffry A. Timmons); and "Strategic Planning and Entrepreneurship: What Are the Current Connections?" (Steven C. Stryker). (YLB)

An abstract of the research paper "Revisiting the State of Entrepreneurship Education in the United States" by George T. Solomon and Kevin May is presented.

The market collapse of 2007 shocked the US legal industry to a degree that forced it to undergo organizational and strategic changes for the first time in decades. This study attempts to assess the nature of surviving law firms by developing a multi-level theoretical model connecting transformational leadership (TFL), Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and performance (both individual and firm-level), and then using MSEM to test the model by analyzing primary data collected from 481 attorneys (N= 481) at 31 law firms. Support is found for the organizational level pathways, while partial support is found for individual level pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most entrepreneurial orientation research based on U.S. samples has found a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. However, this positive relationship has often not been replicated outside the U.S., particularly in Asian cultures with a high avoidance of uncertainty. Our study considers the psychological safety of employees as a possible moderating variable in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. This study aims to provide meaningful theoretical and managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popular press often focuses solely on the small business entrepreneur as a brash, forward thinking individual. However, behind each leader is usually a team of employees who work with and support the entrepreneurial venture, leading it to success. These employees, who are vital to the continued operation and growth of the business, need training to ensure that they are fully productive and can help the small business overcome the managerial and growth challenges small businesses face. This study seeks to address the question: As the firm ages, do the tools used for employee development change? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the roles of two distinct cognitive styles and national culture in enhancing entrepreneurial intention within the theory of planned behavior framework. First, we examined which of two distinct cognitive styles are more positively related to entrepreneurial intentions. Second, we examined the mediating roles of personal attitude and perceived behavioral control in the relationship between cognitive style and entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, we analyzed the overall model, examining whether a specific cognitive style more positively predicts entrepreneurial intentions indirectly via personal attitude and perceived behavioral control, and whether these effects may differ in two national contexts: Kuwait and the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a qualitative review of the state of the field of entrepreneurship education in North America, in which we examine such topics such as the growth of field, its attempts to differentiate itself from traditional business education, and current learning approaches and methodologies used in the classroom. We supplement this review with an analytical examination in which we present the results of a cross-country survey of over 200 entrepreneurship education programs in the United States (U.S.) and Canada. Our results reveal important similarities and differences regarding entrepreneurship education between the U.S. and Canada in terms of course content, pedagogical approaches and learning materials used, sources of funding, and measures of the impact of entrepreneurship education. We discuss implications of these results and outline future directions for the field of entrepreneurship education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how the entrepreneurial process may be driven and shaped by a founder's passion for inventing. We propose a dual-level, theoretical model that connects domains from the organizational behavior, strategic management, and entrepreneurship literature. At the individual level, transformational leadership is tested as a mediator between passion and performance. At the firm level, the "upward" effects of founders' passion and transformational leadership are examined with respect to organizational climate and entrepreneurial orientation, which in turn may downwardly affect individual performance. We test our model through the analysis of two separate data sets using multilevel structural equation model (MSEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the relationship and intervening mechanisms between transformational leadership and innovative behavior in an entrepreneurial context. Based on data from 39 participating CEOs and 105 managers, we tested our hypotheses with the use of a multilevel structural equation model. The results showed that CEOs' transformational leadership was positively related to managers' innovative behavior. Moreover, managers' entrepreneurial passion partially mediated this relationship. We also discovered that transformational leadership affected entrepreneurial climate positively. Our findings may contribute to an understanding how CEOs' leadership in entrepreneurial organizations improve managers' innovativeness and how such factors as entrepreneurial climate and passion mediate the relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure represents an opportunity for individuals to engage in learning behaviors such as information gathering, deep reflection, and fundamental re-thinking of self and venture: behaviors conducive to transformational leadership. Yet many entrepreneurs fail to do so due to the interference of negative emotions involved. Why are some entrepreneurs better able to learn from the failure experience and subsequently perceived as transformational leaders? This paper extends the emotionality of failure to depict the inverted U-shaped relationships between failure and learning, and between failure and transformational leadership. We rely on the entrepreneur's emotion regulation to explain variance in learning from failure, which ultimately accounts for differed transformational leadership evaluation by followers. To the extent that individuals have high emotion regulation capabilities, failure experience relates positively to transformational leadership through learning behaviors. For individuals with low emotion regulation, however, the positive influences of failure experience on learning and transformational leadership would exhibit notable diminishing returns. Multi-source data from a representative sample of IT SMEs in the United States and Finland largely supported the proposed model. We discuss the implications of our model for research and practice on entrepreneurship, leadership, and management learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]