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Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines how the strength of social ties between focal and peer fundraisers interacts with the network structure generated by these social ties to determine crowdfunding performance. With relationship intensity and preference similarity between focal and peer fundraisers as the two dimensions of tie strength, our study discloses how the benefits and costs associated with these tie strength dimensions are affected by network closure, the degree to which peer fundraisers are connected to each other. Our estimation results indicate that (1) relationship intensity and preference similarity exhibit inverted U-shaped relationships with crowdfunding performance, and (2) network closure attenuates the effectiveness of tie strength dimensions. Together, our study findings reveal an important interplay between indirect and direct social ties. In essence, social ties among peer fundraisers facilitate a group identity that reduces the returns of time and resources a fundraiser spends on strengthening ties with these peer fundraisers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite firms' continued interest in using influencers to reach their target consumers, academic and practical insights are limited on what levers an influencer can use to enhance audience engagement using their posts. We demonstrate that posting stories with or about people whom they share close ties with—such as family, friends, and romantic partners—can be one effective lever. Content that incorporates close social ties can be effective for several reasons: it may increase perceptions of authenticity, enhance perceived similarity, increase the perception that the influencer possesses more warmth, and could satisfy viewers' interpersonal curiosity. We analyze texts and photographs of 55,631 posts of 763 influencers on Instagram, and after controlling for several variables, we find robust support that consumers "like" posts that reference close social ties. Furthermore, this effect enhances when first-person pronouns are used to describe special moments with these close ties. We supplement the Instagram data with an experimental approach and confirm the relationship between close ties and consumer engagement. Managerially, this is a useful insight as we also show that sponsored posts tend to be perceived negatively compared to non-sponsored posts; yet, embedding social ties on the sponsored posts can mitigate consumers' negative responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization has enabled entrepreneurs to adopt digital tools to create opportunities and reach customers in international markets. Yet, the understanding of international digital entrepreneurial marketing in the global marketplace is limited. Drawing on social network theory, the authors investigate how entrepreneurs' social ties and firms' international digital entrepreneurial marketing influence small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization. Based on multiple case study methodology, the results suggest that entrepreneurs' bonding and bridging ties facilitate different dimensions of international digital entrepreneurial marketing. That further enhances the intensity and geographic scope of SME internationalization. SME internationalization also reinforces entrepreneurs' accumulation of social ties. This study contributes to international marketing research by developing the dimensions of the international digital entrepreneurial marketing concept and exploring its important role in SME internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called strength of weak ties (SWT) theory asserts that weak relationships are more instrumental than strong ones in job searching and sharing. Yet, some posit the opposite: job opportunities tend to be shared through strong ties in some business areas. Nevertheless, little empirical research has been conducted to substantiate the hypotheses and unravel the rationales behind them. This paper attempts to contribute empirical evidence to this management field by focusing on the construction waste hauling business in Hong Kong. Four null hypotheses about the relationships between haulers' tie strength and job opportunity sharing (defined as waste hauling order sharing) are proposed, and then a big data set containing 11.7 million waste hauling records is analyzed to test the hypotheses. The analysis shows that, in general, the stronger the tie strength of two haulers, the higher the quantity of job opportunities they share. Among all ties a hauler owns, the greater the proportion of strong ties, the higher the quantity and quality (e.g., shorter distance and less underloading) of job opportunities will be shared. However, these positive effects will be diminished when the strength or proportion exceeds a certain point. These empirical findings not only highlight the strength of strong ties, providing an empirical supplement for the long-standing SWT theory, but also exemplify an exploration of applying SWT theory in the construction management field. Moreover, this study provides practical implications for construction waste hauling businesses to improve efficiency and the public sector to pursue social optimality in construction waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In post-genocide Cambodia and Rwanda, low-level perpetrators often identify as victims of the genocidal regimes alongside those they tortured and killed. However, state and societal responses to these claims appear to have varied dramatically. In Cambodia, the government and civil society organizations seem to view former Khmer Rouge cadres’ claims to victim status as socially acceptable and politically useful, while in Rwanda, the government and civil society organizations have firmly rejected perpetrators’ efforts to claim space as victims. What accounts for these different societal responses in Cambodia and Rwanda? At present, there is ample literature on how authoritarian government actors in both contexts have shaped their nation’s post-genocide transitional justice responses to prevent future bloodshed, while simultaneously reinforcing their regimes’ sometimes tenuous political legitimacy. However, this article offers complementary insights by exploring two otherwise under-researched factors that we argue further inform these polar-opposite reactions to perpetrators’ claims to victim status: (1). post-genocide governments’ offers of inclusivity in defining who is part of each nation’s ideal post-genocide ingroup; and (2). the social proximity of perpetrators and their victims during and after the genocides. Our focus on inclusivity and social proximity related to the Cambodian and Rwandan genocide advances scholarly understandings of the various factors that shape government and social responses to perpetration in the aftermath of genocide internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research highlights the positive impact of social connectedness on subjective well-being. In this paper, we test a model in which an identity-based mechanism links a structural form of connectedness (significant social ties) with two psychological well-being outcomes, life satisfaction and self-esteem. Using data from the LIVES Longitudinal Lausanne Youth Study (LIVES-LOLYS, N = 422), a longitudinal mediation path model tests direct and indirect effects, via the strength of social identification, of the number of significant social ties in two life domains (friends and family) on life satisfaction and self-esteem. Results showed positive associations between the number of significant ties and social identification in the concordant domain, empirically linking the structural and subjective forms of social connectedness. Moreover, our model displays significant indirect effects in the friend domain, but not in the family domain. Having more friends as significant social ties predicted higher social identification with friends, and this was longitudinally associated with higher life satisfaction and self-esteem. Findings show a new mechanism linking structural and subjective forms of social connectedness, unpacking their concerted impact in protecting well-being. The differences between the friend and family domains are discussed in the framework of both life-course and social identity perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although social ties have detrimental and beneficial effects on sleep health, the social processes through which social ties affect sleep remain understudied, particularly among Latinx adults. These processes include social support, social stress, social control, personal control, and symbolic meaning. Importantly, some studies suggest there are gender differences in how social ties influence Latinx health. This study explores how Latinx women andmen with insomnia describe the social processes through which social ties shape their lived experience of insomnia. Methods: Qualitative data from six focus groups conducted in 2017 were analyzed using thematic content analysis. These focus groups were comprised of 35 Spanish- and English-speaking Latinx adults with insomnia. Participants were majority women (62.86%), had a mean age of 65.43 years (SD = 12.63), and an average insomnia severity score of 20.6 (SD = 3.44). Major and minor themes were deductively and inductively identified in the transcripts. These themes were compared between Latinx women and men. The methods and results of this study are reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Qualitative Research (COREQ). Results: The influence of social processes on the lived experience of insomnia centered on three major themes. The first theme identified social stress and social control as precipitating and perpetuating factors of insomnia. The second theme related to how social support, through receiving advice from others, shaped participants' coping behaviors. Lastly, participants described their insomnia symptoms as negatively affecting their social relationships through social conflict. Latina women attributed their insomnia to the symbolic meaning of their gender identities, while men did not. Discussion: These findings suggest that among Latinx adults, it may be important for psychological treatments for insomnia to address the ways in which social processes contribute to insomnia symptoms. Additionally, Latina women's discussion of the influence of gender identities on their insomnia symptoms highlights the need to tailor psychological treatments for Latina women that acknowledge and address the challenges presented by traditional gender roles and expectations. Future studies should investigate the potential reciprocal relationship between social processes, mainly social stress and social control, and insomnia symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women who are pregnant and postpartum in prison must deal with their incarceration along with the immense stress of having given birth while inside a total institution. Total institutions can strip individuals of who they are on the outside and disconnect people from the outside world. While the total institution serves to cut people off from the outside, ties between other incarcerated women and those on the outside can persist. For these women, social ties from both with those inside and outside the prison is crucial – positive ties can take the form of friendship, emotional support, practical assistance, or even taking temporary custody of the baby. We consider social ties from those inside and outside the prison in terms of support and strain within the context of the total institution. We consider the effects of positive, negative, and mixed ties and the relationship between incarceration and pregnant and postpartum women's relationships, which has major implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the article considers legal issues of assistance in the formation and strengthening of social ties of persons subject to probation, identifies problems that arise in the implementation of these activities by bodies and institutions of the penal system when interacting with probation subjects, and proposes ways to solve them. Purpose: based on the analysis of empirical data from penitentiary bodies, to identify problems arising in their activities when restoring and strengthening social ties of persons subject to probation and propose ways for their solution. Methods: formal legal, empirical methods of description and interpretation, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Results: the analysis of the regulatory framework governing probation and empirical information on the restoration and strengthening of social ties of persons subject to probation shows the existence of organizational problems, such as the need to take into account provisions of the Federal Law “On Personal Data” when receiving and providing information about relatives of a convicted person and other wanted persons, the need to cooperate with public authorities and involve public and religious organizations, and other civil society institutions in restoring and strengthening social ties of persons subject to probation. Conclusion: in order to solve the problems arising during the restoration and strengthening of social ties of persons to whom probation is applied, it is necessary to take into account provisions of the Federal Law “On Personal Data”, which presuppose the receipt and transfer of personal data of convict’s relatives and other wanted persons to the convict only with their written consent. It is necessary to expand and improve the practice of concluding agreements between penitentiary bodies and public authorities, public and religious organizations in order to constantly interact on issues of restoring and strengthening social ties of persons subject to probation.

Background: There is evidence to suggest that undocumented, unaccompanied migrant youths confront emotional and physical hardships while working in the U.S. agriculture industry. However, little is known about the type of support available to these youths that could protect them from negative developmental outcomes. Objective: This qualitative research was designed to explore Guatemalan migrant youths' available support types, expectations of coming to the U.S. for work, and the life lessons learned from being undocumented, unaccompanied minors in the agriculture industry. Methods: A total of 10 unaccompanied Guatemalan youths (age range 15–17 years, Mage = 16.4 years; 100% male; 100% undocumented) participated in individual semi-structured audio-voice-recorded interviews in the Southeast. Interview responses were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Results: Thematic analysis yielded three primary interconnected themes: (1) "Coping and managing sadness by reaching out to others," (2) "I have a dream but then, reality hits," and (3) "Life lessons for future migrants." Conclusion: Findings suggest that despite their vulnerable social position, Guatemalan migrant youth in U.S. agriculture displayed an optimistic attitude, exercised persistence, and developed resourcefulness. Besides these competencies, youth possessed social networks with left-behind families, developed and leveraged new social ties to "manage sadness," and built a tight-knit community away from their countries of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how trust influences parents' satisfaction with parenting apps. The study demonstrates that social ties and perceived value act as mediators between trust and user satisfaction. A questionnaire was conducted in Taiwan to test parents' perceptions of parenting apps, focusing particularly on user satisfaction and related social factors. The survey examined four latent factors: trust, satisfaction, social ties, and perceived value. In order to evaluate the validity and reliability of the latent factors, partial least squares regression was used. The soundness of the measurement model was confirmed by the statistical results. The study also examined hypothesized relationships and multiple mediations to establish statistical significance. The multiple mediating analysis revealed a significant relationship between trust and satisfaction regarding parenting apps. Social ties and perceived value were identified as significant mediators in this relationship. Parents' satisfaction with parenting apps is influenced by their perceptions of the apps' trustworthiness. This is influenced by the apps' information about education and childcare, which helps people improve their parenting literacy and their ability to raise children. Parents' attitudes towards social ties and perceived value also enhance their satisfaction with parenting apps, encouraging their continued use. Working cooperatively and socializing via the apps helps to construct a mobile community that allows parents of young children to interact with each other and develop their parenting skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visa policies and pathways are increasingly driving international migration to Australia’s regional and rural centres. Often embedded within a multicultural imaginary, notions of friendliness and neighbourliness are instilled in the ‘small town’ narratives of these regional cities. However, little is known about whether this friendliness translates to the formation of deeper, meaningful connections that create the conditions for a sense of belonging to emerge. Drawing on empirical data from two regional cities across Queensland, this research investigates the challenges and barriers to forming friendships between migrant communities and ‘local’ Australian residents. We explore how co-ethnic relationships, while significant, do not always benefit and bolster migrants’ sense of belonging in the regions. Instead, we argue that inter-ethnic friendships with other migrant communities offer pathways to belonging in regional contexts. In doing so, we challenge prevalent assumptions regarding the inherent value of co-ethnic ties and the tensions so often raised within inter-ethnic relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social platforms facilitate the daily interactions of billions of people globally. Prior research generally concludes that social platforms negatively affect people's welfare. This research reopens this debate by using a robust methodology to examine the time series effects of social platform use on users' subjective well‐being, psychological well‐being, physical health, and financial security. We report a 6‐month longitudinal study of 1029 adults. Participants' daily time using social platforms on their mobile device was unobtrusively tracked and their well‐being was measured every 2 weeks. The findings suggest a small, positive effect of time spent using social platforms on both subjective well‐being and psychological well‐being (but no significant effects on physical health or financial security). Further, it is time spent using social platforms that facilitate interactions with intimate/close ties, that is correlated with positive subjective and psychological well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lynching remains a common form of collective punishment for alleged wrongdoers in Latin America, Africa, and Asia today. Unlike other kinds of collective violence, lynching is usually not carried out by standing organizations. How do lynch mobs overcome the high barriers to violent collective action? I argue that they draw on local community ties to compensate for a lack of centralized organization. Lynch mobs benefit from solidarity and peer pressure, which facilitate collective action. The study focuses on Mexico, where lynching is prevalent and often amounts to the collective beating of thieves. Based on original survey data from Mexico City and a novel lynching event dataset covering the whole of Mexico, I find that individuals with more ties in their communities participate more often in lynching, and municipalities with more highly integrated communities have higher lynching rates. As community ties and lynching may be endogenously related, I also examine the posited mechanisms and the causal direction. Findings reveal that municipalities exposed to a recent major earthquake—an event that tends to increase community ties—subsequently experienced increased levels of lynching. Importantly, I find that interpersonal trust is unrelated to lynching, thus showing that different aspects of social capital have diverging consequences for collective violence, with community ties revealing a "dark side." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a strong literature base exists around undergraduate experiences in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM), few studies examine how students approach the question of "what's next" after graduation. This study examines the impact of social ties on STEM college seniors' plans to enter the STEM workforce, and how race/ethnicity and gender impact postgraduation planning in STEM. We interviewed a racially diverse sample of 39 STEM college seniors at a predominantly White research institution. Analysis showed that students relied on weak and strong social ties in obtaining job leads and valued diversity in the workplace. Some students of color and women experienced negative social ties (via racism and sexism) during internship experiences, which shaped their thinking around postgraduate opportunities. We discuss implications for equity, as well as recommendations for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews friendship research to offer a conceptual framework that helps us better understand the co‐constructive nature of gender, sexuality, and friendship in the United States. Scholarship across psychology and sociology considers friendship experiences, friendship processes, friendship patterns, friendship schemas, and the social implications of friendship. Psychological research identifies that friendship experiences and friendships processes differ by gender and explores the social implications for individuals. While sociology has dedicated less attention to friendship, this perspective offers insights on the social construction and structural basis of friendship. Sociological perspectives reveal how friendship schemas—based in amatonormativity, heteronormativity, and gender essentialism—shape friendship experiences, friendship processes, and friendship patterns in gendered ways. In addition, sociological research examines the social implications of friendship at both individual and institutional levels, documenting friendship's roles in systems of inequality. Thus, I argue that a sociological perspective is necessary to fully grasp how societies in general and cultural understandings of gender and sexuality in particular, shape and are shaped by friendships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the influence of locally-rooted directors (LRDs)—board members with personal ties to a company's geographic location—on firm performance. On the one hand, LRDs may provide valuable local know-how and access to local networks. On the other hand, as their appointments may go back to social ties with insiders (e.g., corporate directors, top executives, or large shareholders), LRDs may be used to extract rents and lack relevant experience, business skills, and independence. Using the directors' alma mater as a proxy for local roots, LRDs turn out to be heavily overrepresented, making up 30% of all directors in our sample. We show that LRDs are negatively related to Tobin's Q. However, this finding does not apply to domestically-oriented companies, i.e., firms without material foreign sales, and firms in regulated industries. Thus, while the results indicate that LRDs harm firm performance on average, their presence may be optimal in some cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerabilities of urban systems during health crises, particularly in smaller cities and rural communities where resilience strategies remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining urban and rural responses in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, providing a comprehensive perspective on pandemic resilience strategies tailored to diverse environmental contexts and demographic setups. The study aims to identify key factors enhancing resilience and to assess the effectiveness of different strategies across these varied settings. Findings reveal significant differences in resilience capacities: urban and rural settings benefit from diverse occupational structures and infrastructures, supporting dynamic pandemic responses; rural areas leverage strong community bonds but are constrained by resource limitations. This underscores the need for context-specific strategies that integrate social capital into resilience planning, emphasizing community initiatives and participatory governance. However, the study acknowledges limitations, primarily its focus on COVID-19 and challenges in defining urban systems' parameters, suggesting that future research should expand to include a broader spectrum of pandemics and disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central question addressed in this article is how social ties within and outside the neighbourhood are articulated in different contexts for various population groups. Two major perspectives emerge from the literature on personal networks, neighbourhood effects, and neighbourhood-based social capital. The first assumes a compensation mechanism, whereby local and extra-local ties flourish at each other's expense. The second considers that these two types of ties can be cumulated. After presenting the interpretations and empirical data that support these two perspectives and highlighting the persistent ambiguity on the issue, they are tested with the support of an original survey of 2572 people in 14 neighbourhoods in the Paris and Lyon metropolitan regions. A range of indicators for social ties is used to build two indices, one for local ties and one for extra-local ties. The article then examines variations between these indices as a function of individual characteristics and contexts to test whether compensation or cumulation exists between the local and extra-local ties. The main findings are, first, that local and extra-local ties each evolve along one dimension. In particular, working-class social ties do not appear to have a specific pattern. Second, compensation exists, but cumulation of local and extra-local ties is predominant. Lastly, this cumulation is a factor of inequalities. It benefits those with the most resources in terms of income, qualifications and occupation, as well as the residents of upper-class or gentrified neighbourhoods. Geographical origins also play a role for the descendants of immigrants, who establish fewer extra-local ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionAlthough social ties have detrimental and beneficial effects on sleep health, the social processes through which social ties affect sleep remain understudied, particularly among Latinx adults. These processes include social support, social stress, social control, personal control, and symbolic meaning. Importantly, some studies suggest there are gender differences in how social ties influence Latinx health. This study explores how Latinx women and men with insomnia describe the social processes through which social ties shape their lived experience of insomnia.MethodsQualitative data from six focus groups conducted in 2017 were analyzed using thematic content analysis. These focus groups were comprised of 35 Spanish- and English-speaking Latinx adults with insomnia. Participants were majority women (62.86%), had a mean age of 65.43 years (SD = 12.63), and an average insomnia severity score of 20.6 (SD = 3.44). Major and minor themes were deductively and inductively identified in the transcripts. These themes were compared between Latinx women and men. The methods and results of this study are reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Qualitative Research (COREQ).ResultsThe influence of social processes on the lived experience of insomnia centered on three major themes. The first theme identified social stress and social control as precipitating and perpetuating factors of insomnia. The second theme related to how social support, through receiving advice from others, shaped participants' coping behaviors. Lastly, participants described their insomnia symptoms as negatively affecting their social relationships through social conflict. Latina women attributed their insomnia to the symbolic meaning of their gender identities, while men did not.DiscussionThese findings suggest that among Latinx adults, it may be important for psychological treatments for insomnia to address the ways in which social processes contribute to insomnia symptoms. Additionally, Latina women's discussion of the influence of gender identities on their insomnia symptoms highlights the need to tailor psychological treatments for Latina women that acknowledge and address the challenges presented by traditional gender roles and expectations. Future studies should investigate the potential reciprocal relationship between social processes, mainly social stress and social control, and insomnia symptoms.

At a time when urbanization has become a topic of public concern, it is highly important to consider the impact of governance approaches on our understanding of the urban and urban policies. Urban areas are vibrant, multifaced, and interrelated systems that require nuanced governance and thoughtful policy-making to thrive. Effective urban governance and policy are essential for tackling issues like infrastructure development, affordable housing, environmental sustainability, and social equity. This special issue delves into the complexities of urban governance and policy, exploring the strategies, frameworks, and innovations that can help cities manage growth and improve the quality of life for their inhabitants. We organized this special issue around the theme of urban governance to highlight the critical importance of these topics for ongoing progress in urban studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandatory filings for UK hedge funds suggest that managers having worked at the same prior employer invest more similarly in terms of distances of returns. If they overlapped in employment, increasing the chance of social ties, investments become even more similar. The joint effect accounts for up to two thirds of the difference in investing behavior. Results are robust to fund- and manager-level controls as well as to identification concerns. With controls, the same-employer effect is concentrated in the systematic component (beta), whereas the overlap effect is concentrated in the idiosyncratic components (alpha and residuals). Managerial ties make any two funds more similar in their stock holdings. Moreover, portfolios of connected funds outperform their peers in terms of alpha, return volatility, and Sharpe ratio. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The data file is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4843. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores whether and how social conditions—ties to kin and friends as well as loneliness—are related to older adults' residential mobility, in general, and in combination with a late‐life event, specifically. Drawing on panel data from the US Health and Retirement Study (N = 9107), logistic regression models examine whether older adult moves are triggered by life events (retirement, widowhood and health deterioration) and loneliness, and discouraged by the presence of nearby social ties (family and friends). The results indicate that becoming retired, becoming widowed, nearby family and nearby friends are indeed independently associated with moving. Loneliness is also associated with residential mobility, even when controlling for nearby family and friends. Social conditions do not, however, moderate the effect of late‐life events on older adults' residential mobility. The only exception is the moderating role of loneliness on the effect of retirement: contrary to our expectation, the likelihood of postretirement moves declines with increasing levels of loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How has the COVID-19 pandemic changed the spatiality of social support? Did people turn to local ties when they were requested to stay at home, and what impact has this had on the public life of neighborhoods? This paper explores these questions using survey data collected in four neighborhoods in Berlin, Germany, in 2019 and 2020. We show that people received more support in their neighborhoods—but not necessarily from their neighbors. They left their residences more often to digitally contact others in local public spaces. The COVID-19 restrictions in Berlin increased the importance of neighborhoods understood as openly accessible space. Drawing on Lofland’s idea of realms, we argue that this increase may be read as an intensified privatization of public space, as people left their homes to communicate with others on their digital devices, creating a growing sense of domesticity outdoors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines the relationships between immigration, social ties, and perceptions of safety. We estimated immigrant generation by race/ethnicity interactions to uncover unique patterns across subpopulations of immigrants while controlling for important neighborhood contextual factors. Immigrant generation was negatively associated with feelings of fear. First-generation Asian immigrants reported the greatest level of fear in the sample. High-quality social ties were negatively associated with fear of crime, while the number of social ties was unrelated to fear. Results suggest first-generation immigrants are in a precarious position in society with respect to feeling safe in their neighborhoods. Local officials should seek ways to provide accurate messaging on the threat of victimization in immigrant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Moroccan and Turkish migrants residing in Northwestern Europe have high loneliness levels. This study examines gender differences in loneliness within this migrant population. The migrants have gender-segregated social roles at home and in public, which might lead to gender differences in what aspects of social relationships can explain variation in loneliness. Methods Respondents are from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with 446 first-generation Moroccan and Turkish migrants in the Netherlands, aged between 55 and 66 years. We use interaction effects to test for gender differences in determinants of loneliness. Results Men and women have a similar, moderate level of loneliness. Having a spouse and receiving care from children are more strongly related with lower loneliness levels in men than in women. Coethnic ties play an equally important role for men and women. In men, frequent mosque attendance is related with greater loneliness, but not in women. Discussion Family ties are more protective against loneliness for older men than for older women, possibly indicating that migrant women's expectations regarding family go above and beyond having a spouse, receiving intergenerational care, or having frequent contact with children. In addition, migrant older men's higher expectations regarding a public social life could make their social life in the Netherlands less fulfilling, resulting in greater loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongside economic factors, regional variation in trust reflects the structure of social ties available to different regions. We support this claim by linking cross-national survey data from 22 countries in the European Social Survey with data on Facebook friendships. Regions with more local (within-region) connections exhibit lower political trust, but higher levels of (particular) social trust. Those regions with more social ties to national capitals and urban centres exhibit higher levels of political trust but lower (particular) social trust. Social ties to power centres support the creation of political trust and their absence limits it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neighborhoods represent an important ecological system for adolescents' physical activity. However, the current literature has generally overlooked the fact that families and adolescents may experience frequent residential moves and need to adapt to their new neighborhoods. Despite the high residential mobility (i.e. the frequency of residential moves) in the United States, there is a dearth of research on how residential mobility may affect American adolescents' physical activity. Using Year 15 (wave#6) data from Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), this study examined the relationship between residential mobility and adolescents' physical activity and investigated family's neighborhood social ties as a potential mediator for the relationship, while controlling for socio-demographics related to adolescents, their primary caregivers, and households. Results of structural equation modeling showed that residential mobility was negatively associated with neighborhood social ties, which in turn, was positively associated with adolescent's physical activity. The negative association between residential mobility and adolescent's physical activity was fully mediated by neighborhood social ties. Finally, implications of this study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, objects are used as a representation of relational wellbeing to help young refugees living in Norway, Scotland, and Finland to talk about important persons who make them feel well. At the time of this research, there is no known study that uses objects to facilitate narratives of how young refugees and members of their social networks generate relational wellbeing. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, young refugees participated in individual interviews about the objects they brought to art workshops to understand their experiences, feelings, and acts of wellbeing. Results: Treating each object as unique to the owner was powerful in revealing how relational wellbeing is experienced and expressed. There were overlaps in experiences and expressions of wellbeing, hence our themes of discussion: overlaps between old and new social ties; between time and space; and between the three constructs of relational wellbeing. Old ties were not forgotten; instead, they evolved to a different form, supporting young refugees from a distance, while new ties contributed to what is needed in their present and at their current age. Experiences of relational wellbeing transcended time and space between their disrupted places of origin, their experiences on the journey, and settling in their new countries. The constructs of relational wellbeing—feeling good, being connected, and having enough—were inseparable in the participants' experiences. Conclusions: We conclude that these overlaps have implications for a relational wellbeing approach in theory and practice. The results leave a challenge for both researchers and practitioners to develop complex research and intervention methods that can capture these tapestries of young refugees' experiences of relational wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies often find gender differences in social networks in later life, but are these findings universal, or do they differ in various cultural contexts? To address this research gap, the current study examines the association between gender differences in social relationships and country-level gender-role attitudes. We combined data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) of individuals aged 50 years and older with country-level data on gender-role attitudes from the European Values Survey (EVS) for 15 European countries. We estimated a series of multivariate hierarchical regression models that predicted the size of the personal social network, its emotional closeness, and the proportion of the spouse, children, and friends in the network. The results indicated gender differences in social network characteristics. Women reported larger social networks and were more likely to have larger proportions of children and friends but smaller proportions of the spouse in their social networks. The magnitude of gender differences was associated with country-level gender-role attitudes. In countries with more egalitarian gender-role attitudes, women had larger networks with a larger proportion of friends compared to men. In countries with more traditional gender-role attitudes, women had larger proportions of their children and spouse in their social networks and had emotionally closer networks. Our findings suggest that the societal context and opportunity structures for social interactions play an important role in shaping the structure of women's and men's social relationships in later life. • We study the association between gender differences in social relationships and country-level gender-role attitudes. • Women had larger social networks, a larger share of children and friends but a smaller share of the spouse in the networks. • In countries with more egalitarian gender-role attitudes, women had larger networks with a larger share of friends. • In countries with more traditional gender-roles, women had a larger share of their children and spouse in their networks. • Our findings suggest that the societal context plays a role in shaping women's and men's late-life social relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees' innovative performance determines an organization's long-term sustainability and competitive advantages, particularly in the technology sector. Drawing on social exchange and work conformity theory, we investigate how employees' informational and normative conformity relates to their innovative performance through the lens of instrumental and expressive ties. R&D managers and professional-level employees from Taiwan's 2000 largest high-tech firms participate in the survey. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling with a valid sample of 399 responses from the participants. The findings reveal that, through the mediating roles of instrumental and expressive ties, employees' informational conforming behaviors promote their innovative performance. In contrast, normative conformity may reduce employees' innovative performance by weakening their social ties. Conformist behaviors have long been deemed as the inhibitor of creativity and innovation. Nevertheless, this study adopts a social exchange perspective and clarifies how conformity can both promote and hinder professional employees' innovative performance by affecting their social networking. The paper concludes with managerial implications, discussion, and recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the topic under study is determined by the factors of economic and geopolitical instability that have a significant impact on the social well-being of modern Russian society. Under these conditions, the range of distribution of various social risks and deviant forms of behavior, for which the system of intangible values, called social capital, can become a deterrent, is significantly expanding. The purpose of the study is to search for the causes and identify the consequences of the destruction of social capital, to determine the key trajectories for solving these problems in the near future. Within the framework of the issues under consideration, general scientific methods of generalization, detailing, comparison, analysis and synthesis, including the analysis of statistical data, were applied. On the basis of the analysis, it was concluded that the growth of various forms of deviations is a consequence of a decrease in the level of development of the social capital of society. In addition, it is substantiated that in the absence of a competent approach to solving this problem, the considered pathologies begin to be perceived by society as the norm, resulting in the effect of social diffraction. The conclusions are drawn about the need to intensify the development of social capital to combat various kinds of asocial forms of behavior, strengthen the value system based on social solidarity and responsibility. These measures can significantly increase the level of consolidation of society, strengthen social ties, and develop the legal and moral consciousness of the population.

Communication is well-known to increase cooperation rates in social dilemma situations, but the exact mechanisms behind this remain largely unclear. This study examines the impact of communication on public good provisioning in an artefactual field experiment conducted with 216 villagers from small, rural communities in northern Namibia. In line with previous experimental findings, we observe a strong increase in cooperation when face-to-face communication is allowed before decision-making. We additionally introduce a condition in which participants cannot discuss the dilemma but talk to their group members about an unrelated topic prior to learning about the public good game. It turns out that this condition already leads to higher cooperation rates, albeit not as high as in the condition in which discussions about the social dilemma are possible. The setting in small communities also allows investigating the effects of pre-existing social relationships between group members and their interaction with communication. We find that both types of communication are primarily effective among socially more distant group members, which suggests that communication and social ties work as substitutes in increasing cooperation. Further analyses rule out better comprehension of the game and increased mutual expectations of one’s group members’ contributions as drivers for the communication effect. Finally, we discuss the role of personal and injunctive norms to keep commitments made during discussions.

What are the rewards of paid care work for frontline health workers? I focus on India's women community health volunteers, the largest such workforce in the world. Appointed since 2007 and numbering one million, these women are paid per-case incentives to connect the poor and marginalized to government-run health services. Using 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Delhi and Punjab, including 80 interviews, I find that women community health volunteers (called Accredited Social Health Activists or ASHAs) experience extrinsic rewards in paid care work. ASHAs earn not only from their official wages, but also from two unofficial streams: a) a boost of income from non-ASHA work and b) commissions from private hospitals. I also find that the intrinsic rewards ASHAs report—emotional gratification, relative autonomy, and skill-building—are co-constituted with extrinsic rewards; that is, they are tied to their earnings. This calls into question the "Love versus Money" binary, used to frame much of the discussion on care work. I argue instead for a "Love of Money" framing—that is, money as a reward and money as begetting other rewards. My findings highlight the significance of globalizing the empirical research on paid care work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of obtaining a university degree, retention rates remain a concern for many universities. This longitudinal study provides a multi-domain examination of first-year student characteristics and behaviors that best predict which students graduate. Graduation status was assessed seven years after students entered university. Participants (N = 1017; 71% female; mean age in Year 1 was 19 years) enrolled in a Canadian mid-sized university completed a survey, provided their enrollment status over the next 6 years (regardless of whether they left university), and consented to have their grades and status provided by the Registrar. Overall, 79% of students graduated by Year 7 (44% in 4 years). The strongest predictor of graduation was first-year grades. Social engagement in the university also predicted graduation. Surprisingly, mental health was not a significant predictor of graduation. Only a minority of students may experience mental health difficulties to such an extent that it affects their ability to succeed at university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When large-scale disasters occur, people often are left on their own to seek critical resources: food, water, medications, and other important items. Historically, government agencies have developed disaster preparedness strategies focused primarily on either the level of the individual or household or on the ability of government agents to provide relief to affected areas. Such approaches do not consider the potential for community members to share needed resources with one another—a crucial factor in survival when earthquakes, floods, landslides, and other disruptions to transportation and communications cut off whole communities from external aid. In this study, we used a simple random sample survey to measure households' actual and perceived preparedness and assess individuals' willingness to share essential resources following a large disaster using survey data gathered from three communities in the Pacific Northwest of the US (N=638 ; overall response rate 20.1%) and Nagoya, Japan (N=1,043 ; response rate 13.6%), two regions that expect to experience a magnitude 9.0 megaquake. Analysis of the survey data using an ordered response probit model found that the strength of social ties and levels of social trust strongly influence willingness to share in both regions. Differences between the Japanese and American responses suggest different dependencies on and roles for government agencies in the two societies, as well as differences in the types of resources that community members are willing to share, and with whom. Trust emerges as the most important factor across both study regions and for all resources. Willingness to share may be enhanced through trust-building interventions and should be regarded as an effective focus for preparedness efforts, especially if it is shown to be beneficial for a variety of social purposes. The impacts of natural disasters worldwide have increased in recent years, often leading to situations in which communities must fend for themselves and make do with what resources they have while waiting for outside assistance to arrive. This research considered the potential benefits of community members sharing resources with one another during disaster. We surveyed households in both US and Japanese communities facing extreme earthquake threats to understand how willing they would be to share resources with others in a disaster and what factors might affect their willingness to share. Our results show that although there are some differences, trust is the most important factor for sharing resources in both regions. We argue that building trust within communities can improve disaster outcomes while also providing everyday benefits for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Families relocating from concentrated poverty neighborhoods is somewhat rare, either due to structural constraints that limit mobility or the disincentive to leave dense social networks built over time. Researchers previously juxtaposed these two experiences as either "stuck" or "rooted". We advance a critical take on both perspectives by demonstrating the heterogeneity of life in disadvantaged neighborhoods for Black urban youth. We utilize data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the 1997 Child Development Supplement to investigate contextual immobility, barriers to moving, and self-reported levels of neighborhood social ties to critique prior research and emergent policy that categorizes disadvantaged populations as "stuck" or "rooted". Our findings demonstrate that immobility is most strongly associated with the household head lacking a high school education and with knowing more children's names in the neighborhood. Thus, immobility is associated with structural barriers to moving and social rootedness. We discuss how current policy strategies do not effectively address this duality. We conclude that policy strategies should facilitate intragenerational mobility through housing choice, including the choice to remain in the neighborhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship on negative social ties typically portrays them as distinct liabilities and optimal candidates for excision from social networks. I argue that this premise is based on a short-sighted understanding of what it means for social ties to be negative. In particular, negativity as a trait of social ties has multiple dimensions, such that ties can be negative in a relatively objective sense (that is, they can pose risk to network egos by virtue of some quality or qualities) with or without being negative in a relatively subjective sense (that is, feeling taxing to egos). To disentangle these two dimensions, I report on a case study of network ties among residents of Sycamore, a leased-housing program for young adults trying to overcome drug addictions. I describe how residents universally understood certain ties—ties to individuals who were addicted to drugs or otherwise had drugs in their possession—as risks to their sobriety, but found only some of those ties taxing. In fact, some risky ties seemed beneficial to residents by displaying nonjudgmental attitudes in the wake of residents' setbacks, reminding residents of their lowest points, and supplying residents with chances to practice self-restraint and advantageous decision making. The findings show how people can know that certain ties pose risks to their well-being but feel that the ties are good for them. Broadly, the article encourages greater attention to the multidimensional nature of ties' negativity and highlights the unexpected roles putatively negative ties play in individuals' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The articles in the special issue cluster around four key themes: invited pieces that provide foundational work on singlehood; conceptualizing singlehood; singlehood pathways; and singlehood across the life course. The idea that singlehood is due to choice or circumstance - that is, whether singlehood is voluntary or involuntary (Stein, [27]) - is a common theme in singlehood studies. DePaulo ([6]) and Kislev and Marsh ([17]) specifically discuss singlehood as a chosen identity, and Fitzpatrick ([12]) distinguishes voluntary and involuntary singlehood. Keywords: family diversity; friendship; identity and intimacy; life course; singlehood; social ties EN family diversity friendship identity and intimacy life course singlehood social ties 379 388 10 09/11/23 20230901 NES 230901 INTRODUCTION More people around the world are single, both in total numbers and longer periods of life. [Extracted from the article]

From the couples‐centered perspective that has dominated public discourse and scholarly literature, the values and interests of coupled people are the implicit standard against which single people are judged, resulting in deficit narratives of single life. From that perspective, single people are "alone" and "unattached," the important people in their lives are mere substitutes for a romantic partner, and their families, if recognized at all, are described as "alternative" family forms. From a singles‐centered perspective, single life can be a psychologically rich life of freedom and autonomy, where people can chart their own life course, and value "The Ones" rather than "The One." Solitude can be savored rather than feared, and family, intimacy, and love encompass far more than just nuclear family, sexual intimacy, and romantic love. A singles‐centered perspective recognizes systems of inequality that disadvantage single people and privilege coupled people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a description and understanding of the physical activity of low-income older adults in Singapore, with specific focus on their communication and interactions with social partners. Ethnographic observations and participant interviews (N = 10) were conducted with a purposive sample. Findings contained descriptions of actual behaviors of the target group and explanations of the influences on their physical activity, ranging from the intrapersonal sphere, to communication with their strong-tie networks, and finally, interactions with the community and environment surrounding them. The author takes a social ecological viewpoint on the topic, uncovering the lived experiences of the target audience, and suggests how theory, research, and practical policies may be improved to better support those at the lower end of the socioeconomic strata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social ties, as informal institutions, contribute to firms’ performance in emerging economies. Formal market-supporting institutions in emerging economies are in general less developed, social ties cultivated by entrepreneurs thus serve as substitutes for formal institutional support. However, the role of social ties as informal institutions and interactions between social ties and market-supporting institutions are yet to be fully explored. Using the sample of 428 newly listed firms on the Growth Enterprise Market of Shenzhen Stock Exchange of China between 2009 and 2016, this paper examines the interplays among the entrepreneurial founder's political ties and managerial ties, marketization, and firm's productivity, measured by firm-level total factor productivity. Our findings indicate that the entrepreneurial founder's managerial ties enhance firm productivity whilst political ties reduce productivity. We also find that marketization positively moderates the effects of the entrepreneurial founder's political and managerial ties on productivity. Our findings demonstrate the strategic importance of the informal institutions and contribute to an improved understanding of the complementary effects between social ties and marketization in an important emerging economy.