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Copyright of Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food & Dairy Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food & Dairy Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Snacks was made from yellow corn and its blends had contained corn, barley, chickpea, cumin, black cumin, black pepper and lettuce seeds at different levels considerable as lettuce seeds of ingredient and products were defined as physical, chemical and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the chickpea had contained the highest in protein and total lipids 40.60 and 15.50%. The black pepper, chickpea and cumin seeds had contained higher in crude fiber (14.20, 10.71 and 10.50%, respectively). The snacks with lettuce seeds showed that the protein was the highest in group (2) it was 15.04, 16.44 and 17.82 %. Total lipids, crude fiber and ash content were decreased gradually in the snacks from group (1) 4.02, 4.87 and 5.72% and the highest in total lipids in group (2) which contained 4.23, 5.08 and 5.93%, respectively. Hunter color values of snacks control and its different blends from lettuce seeds the group (6) prepared with 60% corn grits and 15, 10 and 5% barley and also 6% lettuce seeds showed that higher in lightness and yellowness till 15% chickpea and nearly control snacks. The highest (WAI) and (WSI) were in groups (1 and 2) respectively made from 40% corn grits and 40, 35, 30 and 25% barley. The sensory properties showed that the extrusion blend (18) made from 20% chickpea and 5% barley the highest acceptability (95%) and nearly control (96%) followed were by 10 and 15% chickpea plus 15 and 10% barley were gave 93.0 and 88.0% during overall acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is considered to be one of the. most economically important pests, since it infests over 200 species of plants (Johnson 1991). Beauveria bassiana is highly control agent to this mite, and affects its mortality biochemistry and physiolology. To test this effect the B. bassiana was applied at 105 spores / ml using dipping leaf - disc treatment method. Mortality, total proteins, carbohydrates and lipids of mite were measured; Mites adult females were susceptible to B. bassiana, with high mortality rate recorded. The effect of B. bassiana on proteins level in the mycosed extract homogenate appeared, decreasing than the non-mycosed during the period of experiment. The means of total protiens are 225,220 and 183 µg/ml after 24,48 and 72hrs respectively, compared with 327 µg/1000 individuals in untreated control. Effect of the B. bassiana on the level .of the carbohydrates decreased in the treated extract homogenate than the untreated one during the period of experiment. The mean of total carbohydrates at 24,48 and 72 hrs after treatment were 142,138 and 115 µg/ml respectively, compared with149 µg/1000 ml, In untreated control. The effect of B. bassiana on lipids level in treated extract homogenate appeared decreasing than in untreated one during the period of experiment. The obtained result refer to the mean total lipids were 92,77, and 70 µg/ml after 24,48 and 72 hrs, respectively compared with 88 µg/1000 individuals untreated adult females of T. urticae. This study improves that entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana causes many biochemical and physiological changes in the mite Tetranychus urticae. B. bassiana is also considered as a safe biological control agent to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Agricultural Research Centre, Giza Governorate, Egypt throughout two successive seasons (2010 and 2011) on chicory plants. Obtained results clearly indicated the following: 1) Twenty seven species of insects and mites were surveyed on Chicory plants during the two successive growing seasons. 2) Eight insects and mites considered important pests. 3) The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch proved to be the most abundant species during the two growing seasons showing the highest population density general mean recording 26. 47, 15.60 movable stages/sample in the two seasons, respectively. The lowest density was obtained with the phytophagous mite Bryobia sp. 4) Six insect pests their population density general means were intermediate, these insects were the aphid Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas), the white fly B. tabaci (Genn.), Thrips tabaci Lind., the potato leaf hopper Empoasca decipiens (Paoli), the sugar cane mealy bug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) and the sugar beet fly Pegomyia mixta (Will) during two seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faba bean wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht is considered the most destructive plant disease in Egypt. Salicylic acid (SA) as chemical inducer and the biocontrol agents of Trichoderma hamatum and Bacillus subtilis individually and/or in combination against the incidence of faba bean wilt, caused by F. oxysporum Beni-Seuf (Fo19) was evaluated as faba bean seed soaking and soil drenching, compared to untreated control treatment under greenhouse conditions. All the treatments of biotic (T. hamatum-2 and B. subtilis-1) and abiotic inducer (salicylic acid) significantly reduced the incidence of wilt disease. Salicylic acid in combination with T. hamatum-2 and B. subtilis-1 was the most effective treatment. The lowest effect as percentage reduction of early and late wilt under greenhouse conditions compared to control was recorded at individual application of each of T. hamatum-2 and B. subtilis-1. Also, changes in the activity of lytic enzymes (protease and β-1, 3-glucanase), oxidative reductive enzymes (polyphenoloxidase, catalase and peroxidase) and certain phenol compounds caused by individual or combination of biotic and abiotic inducers were determined in the leaves and the roots of faba bean plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damping-off and root-rot diseases in faba bean caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Fusarium solani Mart are considered the most destructive diseases. These pathogenic fungi were found to be associated with root-rot and wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected from various locations at different governorates in Egypt. The efficacy of the chemical inducer, i.e. salicylic acid (SA) and the biocontrol agents, i.e. Trichoderma hamatum and Bacillus subtilis individually used and/or in combination against the incidence of faba bean damping-off disease caused by F. solani El-Menia (FS4) and R. solani El-Nubaria (R20), was evaluated by soaking faba bean seeds and soil drenching, compared to untreated control treatment under greenhouse conditions. All the tested treatments significantly reduced the percentages of damping-off diseases. The combination among salicylic acid, T.hamatum-2 and B.subtilis-1 was the most effective treatment for decreasing the percentages of damping-off followed by the other combination treatments, while applying each of T.hamatum-2 and B.subtilis-1 individually recorded the lowest effect for reducing percentages of damping off under greenhouse conditions compared to control. Also, the effects of biotic (T.hamatum-2 and B.subtilis-1) and abiotic inducers (salicylic acid), individually or in combination on the activity of lytic enzymes (protease and β-1,3-glucanase), oxidative reductive enzymes (polyphenoloxidase, catalase and peroxidase) as well as the changes in phenol compounds were determined in the leaves and the roots of faba bean plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]