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12,067 results on '"Smith, Robert A"'

2. Polygenic liability for antipsychotic dosage and polypharmacy - a real-world registry and biobank study

Author

Koch, Elise, Kämpe, Anders, Alver, Maris, Sigurðarson, Sindri, Einarsson, Guðmundur, Partanen, Juulia, Smith, Robert L., Jaholkowski, Piotr, Taipale, Heidi, Lähteenvuo, Markku, Steen, Nils Eiel, Smeland, Olav B., Djurovic, Srdjan, Molden, Espen, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Stefánsson, Kári, Palotie, Aarno, Milani, Lili, O’Connell, Kevin S., and Andreassen, Ole A.

Published
2024
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13. What Does It Mean to Tutor? Conceptualizing Tutoring with a Commitment to Social Justice in Preservice Teacher Education

Author

Smith, Robert W. and Tompkins, Christa

Abstract

The article focuses on a tutoring program between high school students and preservice teacher students from a local college. The 10-week tutoring program, which involved two 1-hour tutoring sessions each week. On the first visit to the high school, the teachers and principal provided the preservice teachers with a 30-minute orientation and tour of the school. The preservice teachers had to submit a lesson plan for their tutoring that was reviewed by staff in the college's Education Lab. At the end of each week, the preservice teachers wrote a one-page reflection on their tutoring experience to include the lesson's objectives; the activities they used; an evaluation of whether they met the objectives; and what they learned about their tutees, themselves as tutors, and the process of tutoring. They were also encouraged to include any connections to the instructional design course in which they were currently enrolled as well as prior education courses. The tutoring program (renamed a mentoring program) helped preservice teachers realize the importance of looking at the whole person when evaluating their success. Conversations with the two high schools teachers and principal also established a clearer sense of purpose to the program around "seeing the child," including why some students, because of their race, class, and gender, are not seen.

Published
2022

15. Improving the validity and usability of decision models : case studies with a focus on physical activity

Author

Smith, Robert, Goyder, Elizabeth, Squires, Hazel, and Thomas, Chloe

Abstract

Background: Health economic evaluation has a crucial role to play in the allocation of scarce societal resources. Economic models used in these evaluations must have a high degree of external validity but must also be usable in order to effectively inform policy. However, there is sometimes a trade-off between the realism of models (external validity) and the ease with which stakeholders can understand and interact with them (usability). This trade-off is particularly relevant in the field of physical activity where modelling is complicated and data availability is limited. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the balance between the external-validity and usability of models used in health economic evaluations of physical activity interventions and develop ways to build models that are more externally valid and usable. Methods: The study begins by identifying limitations in the external-validity and usability of published physical activity models, with a particular focus on models used to inform National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance. Three case studies of adaptations to improve external validity are provided, with a discussion of their implications for usability. Additionally, ways to improve the usability of models are examined, with methods proposed to make models more accessible, transparent, secure, and efficient to construct and maintain. Results: The results of this thesis demonstrate that models can be improved in terms of both external validity and/or usability. The case studies provided show that methodological developments to physical activity models are feasible given new modelling methods and advancements in computing power, but despite improving external validity may reduce usability. Additionally, this thesis outlines methods by which health economic models can be made more accessible, transparent, secure, and efficient to construct and maintain, thereby improving their usability. Discussion: The overall conclusion of this thesis is that economic evaluation models should be as externally valid and usable as possible. However, a trade-off sometimes exists between the two. With a fixed budget for evaluation, attempts to improve external validity can have an opportunity cost in terms of resources allocated to making models easy to use and understand. The incorporation of methods from computing and data science can help mitigate this trade-off.

Published
2023

20. A Comparison of First-Year International Students' Adjustment to College at the Undergraduate and Graduate Level

Author

Oyeniyi, Odunola, Smith, Robert L., Watson, Joshua C., and Nelson, Kristina

Abstract

Predictors of first-year undergraduate and graduate international students' adjustment to college were examined using an online survey in 2019. The research sample consisted of 95 international students attending two universities in the United States. Findings showed a statistically significant difference between first-year graduate and undergraduate international students, as related to college adjustment. Further analysis discovered significant relationships among the predictor variables - resilience, relational skills, acculturative stress - and the criterion variable, which is adjustment to college, explaining 55% of the variance. Implications of findings for educators, college counselors, and college administrators, are provided, as well as directions for future research.

Published
2021

33. Understanding the Challenges for Evidence-Informed School Improvement Support in Disadvantaged Schools: An Exploratory Study. Research Report

Author

Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) (United Kingdom), Walker, Matt, Nelson, Julie, Smith, Robert, and Brown, Chris

Abstract

This exploratory study was commissioned by the Education Endowment Foundation (the EEF). The report presents findings on the challenges facing schools in disadvantaged circumstances (characterised by the EEF as 'Priority Schools'). Priority Schools, which include both primary and secondary schools, have a high proportion of pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM) and have been identified as being most in need of support to raise overall levels of attainment while also closing the gap in attainment between disadvantaged pupils and their peers. The study also explored schools' 'readiness' to engage with external support on evidence-informed approaches to school improvement, including the conditions that are necessary to support this. This report identifies and explores two key issues: (1) The challenges faced by Priority Schools in raising attainment (and any variations according to phase, school type or Ofsted category); and (2) Priority Schools' 'readiness' to engage with evidence-informed school improvement support (including the conditions enabling and hindering engagement). A key theme emerging through the research is that of agency. System leaders agreed with headteachers that the external challenges mentioned placed their schools under considerable pressure; and that it was difficult for school leaders to improve their schools when facing such obstacles. However, they also believed that headteachers sometimes failed to see themselves as critical change agents -- demonstrating a tendency to focus on the enormity of the external challenge, rather than on the possibilities to make specific, targeted, changes to those elements of a child's school day, over which they could exercise control.

Published
2020

34. Opportunities and Obstacles to Making Innovation a Priority in Education

Author

Smith, Robert W. and Smith, Kayce Anne

Abstract

For many years, the main approach to educational improvement has consisted of high-stakes testing and accountability. While this approach has achieved some success, it has also created negative outcomes including a narrowing of the curriculum, and an over-testing of students. Against this backdrop, there are examples of teachers that have introduced new and innovative approaches to teaching and learning. This study explores teachers' perceptions of innovative approaches and the supports and obstacles to innovation.

Published
2020

36. Echocardiographic Outcomes With Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation in Prohibitive Surgical Risk Patients

Author

Marcoff, Leo, Koulogiannis, Konstantinos, Aldaia, Lilian, Mediratta, Anuj, Chadderdon, Scott M., Makar, Moody M., Ruf, Tobias Friedrich, Gößler, Theresa, Zaroff, Jonathan G., Leung, Gordon K., Ku, Ivy A., Nabauer, Michael, Grayburn, Paul A., Wang, Zuyue, Hawthorne, Katie M., Fowler, Dale E., Dal-Bianco, Jacob P., Vannan, Mani A., Bevilacqua, Carmine, Meineri, Massimiliano, Ender, Joerg, Forner, Anna Flo, Puthumana, Jyothy J., Mansoor, Atizazul Hassan, Lloyd, Dustin J., Voskanian, Steven J., Ghobrial, Andrew, Hahn, Rebecca T., Mahmood, Feroze, Haeffele, Christiane, Ong, Geraldine, Schneider, Leonhard Moritz, Wang, Dee Dee, Sekaran, Nishant K., Koss, Elana, Mehla, Priti, Harb, Serge, Miyasaka, Rhonda, Ivannikova, Maria, Stewart-Dehner, Terri, Mitchel, Lucas, Raissi, Sasan R., Kalbacher, Daniel, Biswas, Santanu, Ho, Edwin C., Goldberg, Ythan, Smith, Robert L., Hausleiter, Jörg, Lim, D. Scott, and Gillam, Linda D.

Published
2024
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41. Early outcomes following transatrial transcatheter mitral valve replacement in patients with severe mitral annular calcification

Author

Brener, Michael I., Hamandi, Mohanad, Hong, Estee, Pizano, Alejandro, Harloff, Morgan T., Garner, Evan F., El Sabbagh, Abdallah, Kaple, Ryan K., Geirsson, Arnar, Deaton, David W., Islam, Ashequl M., Veeregandham, Ramesh, Bapat, Vinayak, Khalique, Omar K., Ning, Yuming, Kurlansky, Paul A., Grayburn, Paul A., Nazif, Tamim M., Kodali, Susheel K., Leon, Martin B., Borger, Michael A., Lee, Raymond, Kohli, Keshav, Yoganathan, Ajit P., Colli, Andrea, Guerrero, Mayra E., Davies, James E., Eudailey, Kyle W., Kaneko, Tsuyoshi, Nguyen, Tom C., Russell, Hyde, Smith, Robert L., III, and George, Isaac

Published
2024
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42. Niacin Was, Is, and Always will be Essential to Life and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Just for Starters

Author

Penberthy, W. Todd, McConnell, Stephen, Smith, Robert G., Levy, Thomas, Passwater, Michael, and Cheng, Richard

Subjects
Laropiprant -- Health aspects, Mental health -- Health aspects, Niacin -- Health aspects, Cardiovascular diseases -- Prevention, Asylums -- Health aspects, Health, Cleveland Clinic
Abstract

Approximately 100 years ago, the niacin deficiency disease pellagra, was at its peak in the southern United States of America. Over 120,000 people would die between 1900 to 1920 due [...]

Published
2024

47. Low-Dose vs Standard Warfarin After Mechanical Mitral Valve Replacement: A Randomized Trial

Author

Ye, Jian, Choi, Chun “Dan”, Pettersson, Gosta, Gerdisch, Marc, Frazier, O. Howard, Askew, Jeffrey, Damiano, Ralph, Pruitt, Andrew, Duncan, David, Segurola, Romualdo, Shoukfeh, M. Fawaz, Gregoric, Igor, Meyer, Steven, Chu, Michael, Chu, Danny, Hagberg, Robert, Floridia, Rosario, Tsuda, Ryan, Kirker, Eric, Swistel, Daniel, Keeling, William Brent, Landvater, Lance, Barreiro, Christopher, Castlemain, Brian, Tutuska, Peter, Quinn, Reed, Beaver, Thomas, Accola, Kevin, Sethi, Gulshan, Graeve, Alan, Liu, David, Wait, Michael, Whitson, Bryan, Harville, Lacy, DeRose, Joseph, Lehr, Eric, Dagenais, Francois, Markowitz, Alan, Sekela, Michael, Smith, Robert, II, Shults, Christian, Shekar, Prem, Badhwar, Vinay, Chu, Michael W.A., Ruel, Marc, Graeve, Allen, Gerdisch, Marc W., Damiano, Ralph J., Jr., Smith, Robert L., II, Wait, Michael A., Hagberg, Robert C., Quinn, Reed D., Sethi, Gulshan K., Barreiro, Christopher J., Pruitt, Andrew L., Accola, Kevin D., Markowitz, Alan H., Sekela, Michael E., Tsuda, Ryan Y., Duncan, David A., Swistel, Daniel G., Harville, Lacy E., III, DeRose, Joseph J., Lehr, Eric J., Alexander, John H., and Puskas, John D.

Published
2023
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48. When leaders are marketers: a duality perspective on the effect of openness to experience on marketing behaviors and the moderating role of bottom-line mentality

Author

Graham, Katrina A. and Smith, Robert S.

Subjects
Openness to experience -- Influence, Organizational behavior -- Analysis, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

While research has considered the effects of CEO and top-management team members' characteristics on strategic initiatives (e.g. marketing), less research has examined when non-executive leaders directly contribute to these initiatives. In this research, drawing from the duality framework on leader characteristics, we examine how leader openness to experience is associated with their increased engagement in marketing behaviors (e.g. recruiting new customers). Across two field studies, including an exploratory sample of small business owners and a sample of non-executive leaders in the outpatient physical therapy industry, we find that openness to experience was related to leaders' likelihood of executing marketing functions. Additionally, this relationship was weakened when leaders had a primary focus on short-term financial outcomes (i.e., high bottom-line mentality). We further link marketing to unit-level performance in a subsample of Study 2, suggesting that non-executive leaders' marketing behaviors can impact objective organizational performance., Author(s): Katrina A. Graham [sup.1] , Robert S. Smith [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/05y50nr98, grid.264352.4, 0000 0001 0684 8852, Sawyer Business School, Suffolk University, , 73 Tremont St, 02108, Boston, [...]

Published
2023
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