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1,214 results on '"Smith, Michael J. A."'

1. Efficient synthesis for each of the eight stereoisomers of the iminosugars lentiginosine and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (DAB)

Author

Liotta, Louis J., Antoine, Jessica, Brammer Basta, Leighanne A., Campbell, Andrew S., Cole, Gabrielle Y., Demick Brazile, Kristen A., Dogal Gardner, Natalie M., Fitzgerald, Megan E., Francois, Jean E.K., French, Brian M., Garafola, Sara L., Giannetti, Catherine A., Granatosky, Eve A., Harney, Alycen M., Hummel, James T., Joyce, Andrew P., Keylor, Mitchell H., Khubchandani, Jasmine A., Korzeniecki, Claudia, Lieberman, Diana C., Litterio, Joshua M., Maiorano, Madison O., Marshall, Jessica F., McCarthy, Kelly A., Mendes Vieira, Andreia, Miller, Ruby M., Morrison, Emily R., Moura, Steven P., Neumann, Dillon F., Oliveira, Aliza F., Pace, Nicholas J., Plouffe, Jodie X., Pomfret, Meredith N., Reardon, Katelyn N., Sheller-Miller, Samantha M., Smith, Michael J., Sullivan, Jessica L., Sweeney, Samantha W., and Tougas, Kerstin L.

Published
2024
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2. Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial

Author

Branche, Angela R., Rouphael, Nadine G., Diemert, David J., Falsey, Ann R., Losada, Cecilia, Baden, Lindsey R., Frey, Sharon E., Whitaker, Jennifer A., Little, Susan J., Anderson, Evan J., Walter, Emmanuel B., Novak, Richard M., Rupp, Richard, Jackson, Lisa A., Babu, Tara M., Kottkamp, Angelica C., Luetkemeyer, Anne F., Immergluck, Lilly C., Presti, Rachel M., Bäcker, Martín, Winokur, Patricia L., Mahgoub, Siham M., Goepfert, Paul A., Fusco, Dahlene N., Malkin, Elissa, Bethony, Jeffrey M., Walsh, Edward E., Graciaa, Daniel S., Samaha, Hady, Sherman, Amy C., Walsh, Stephen R., Abate, Getahun, Oikonomopoulou, Zacharoula, El Sahly, Hana M., Martin, Thomas C. S., Kamidani, Satoshi, Smith, Michael J., Ladner, Benjamin G., Porterfield, Laura, Dunstan, Maya, Wald, Anna, Davis, Tamia, Atmar, Robert L., Mulligan, Mark J., Lyke, Kirsten E., Posavad, Christine M., Meagher, Megan A., Stephens, David S., Neuzil, Kathleen M., Abebe, Kuleni, Hill, Heather, Albert, Jim, Telu, Kalyani, Mu, Jinjian, Lewis, Teri C., Giebeig, Lisa A., Eaton, Amanda, Netzl, Antonia, Wilks, Samuel H., Türeli, Sina, Makhene, Mamodikoe, Crandon, Sonja, Montefiori, David C., Makowski, Mat, Smith, Derek J., Nayak, Seema U., Roberts, Paul C., and Beigel, John H.

Published
2023
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3. Using deep learning to explore ultra-large scale astronomical datasets

Author

Smith, Michael J.

Subjects
Neural Networks, Astronomy, Deep Learning, Galaxies
Abstract

In every field that deep learning has infiltrated we have seen a reduction in the use of specialist knowledge, to be replaced with knowledge automatically derived from data. We have already seen this process play out in many 'applied deep learning' fields such as computer Go, protein folding, natural language processing, and computer vision. This thesis argues that astronomy is no different to these applied deep learning fields. To this end, this thesis' introduction serves as a historical background on astronomy's 'three waves' of increasingly automated connectionism: initial work on multilayerperceptrons within astronomy required manually selected emergent properties as input; the second wave coincided with the dissemination of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, models where the multilayer perceptron's manually selected inputs are replaced with raw data ingestion; and in the current third wave we are seeing the removal of human supervision altogether with deep learning methods inferring labels and knowledge directly from the data. §2, §3, and §4 of this thesis explore these waves through application. In §2 I show that a convolutional/recurrent encoder/decoder network is capable of emulating a complicated semi-manual galaxy processing pipeline. I find that this 'Pix2Prof' neural network can satisfactorily carry out this task over 100x faster than the method it emulates. §3 and §4 explore the application of deep generative models to astronomical simulation. §3 uses a generative adversarial network to generate mock deep field surveys, and finds it capable of generating mock images that are statistically indistinguishable from the real thing. Likewise, §4 demonstrates that a Diffusion model is capable of generating galaxy images that are both qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable from the training set. The main benefit of these deep learning based simulations is that they do not rely on a possibly flawed (or incomplete) physical knowledge of their subjects and observation processes. Also, once trained, they are capable of rapidly generating a very large amount of mock data. §5 looks to the future and predicts that we will soon enter a fourth wave of astronomical connectionism. If astronomy follows in the footsteps of other applied deep learning fields we will see the removal of expertly crafted deep learning models, to be replaced with finetuned versions of an all-encompassing 'foundation' model. As part of this fourth wave I argue for a symbiosis between astronomy and connectionism. This symbiosis is predicated on astronomy's relative data wealth, and contemporary deep learning's enormous data appetite; many ultra-large datasets in machine learning are proprietary or of poor quality, and so astronomy as a whole could develop and provide a high quality multimodal public dataset. In turn, this dataset could be used to train an astronomical foundation model that can be used for state-of-the-art downstream tasks. Due to the foundation models' hunger for data and compute, a single astronomical research group could not bring about such a model alone. Therefore, I conclude that astronomy as a whole has slim chance of keeping up with a research pace set by the Big Tech goliaths-that is, unless we follow the examples of EleutherAI and HuggingFace and pool our resources in a grassroots open source fashion.

Published
2022
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8. Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Author

Adams, Atoya, Miller, Eric, Rankin, Bruce G., Shinn, Steven, Nash, Marshall, Green, Sinikka L., Jacobsen, Colleen, Krishnankutty, Jayasree, Phungwayo, Sikhongi, Glover, Richard M., II, Slechta, Stacy, Holdeman, Troy, Hartvickson, Robyn, Grant, Amber, Poling, Terry L., Klein, Terry D., Klein, Thomas C., Klein, Tracy R., Smith, William B., Gibson, Richard L., Winbigler, Jennifer, Parker, Elizabeth, Wijewardane, Priyantha N., Bravo, Eric, Thessing, Jeffrey, Maxwell, Michelle, Horn, Amanda, Healy, Catherine Mary, Akamine, Christine, Chu, Laurence, Chouteau, R. Michelle, Cotugno, Michael J., Bauer, George H., Jr., Hachigian, Greg, Oshita, Masaru, Cancilla, Michael, Kiersey, Kristen, Seger, William, Antwi, Mohammed, Green, Allison, Kim, Anthony, Desjardins, Michael, Johnson, Jennifer A., Sherman, Amy, Walsh, Stephen R., Borger, Judith, Saleem, Nafisa, Solis, Joel, Medina, Martha Carmen, Keating, Westly, Garcia, Edgar, Bueno, Cynthia, Segall, Nathan, Denham, Douglas S., Weiss, Thomas, Avworo, Ayoade, Hedges, Parke, Strout, Cynthia Becher, Santiago, Rica, Davis, Yvonne, Howenstine, Patty, Bondell, Alison, Marks, Kristin, Wang, Tina, Wilkin, Timothy, Vogler, Mary, Johnston, Carrie, Andrasik, Michele P., Andriesen, Jessica G., Broder, Gail, Eaton, Niles, Gelderblom, Huub G., McClennen, Rachael, Michael, Nelson, Robb, Merlin, Sopher, Carrie, Miller, Vicki E., Santiago, Fredric, Gomez, Blanca, Valika, Insiya, Starr, Amy, Cantos, Valeria D., Kandiah, Sheetal, Rio, Carlos del, Rouphael, Nadine, Edupuganti, Srilatha, Anderson, Evan J., Camacho-Gonzalez, Andres, Kamidani, Satoshi, Teherani, Meghan, Diemert, David J., Malkin, Elissa, Siegel, Marc, Roberts, Afsoon, Simon, Gary, Balani, Bindu, Stephenson, Carolene, Sperber, Steven, Cicogna, Cristina, Zervos, Marcus J., Kilgore, Paul, Ramesh, Mayur, Herc, Erica, Zenlea, Kate, Burgher, Abram, Milliken, Ann M., Davis, Joseph D., Levy, Brendan, Kelman, Sandra, Doust, Matthew W., Sample, Denise, Erickson, Sandra, Christensen, Shane G., Matich, Christopher, Longe, James, Witbeck, John, Peterson, James T., Clark, Alexander, Kelty, Gerald, Pena-Renteria, Issac, Koren, Michael J., Bartilucci, Darlene, Patel, Alpa, Tran, Carolyn, Kennelly, Christina, Brownlee, Robert, Coleman, Jacob, Webster, Hala, Fierro, Carlos A., Leistner, Natalia, Thompson, Amy, Gonzalez, Celia, Jackson, Lisa A., Suyehira, Janice, Haber, Milton, Regalado, Maria M., Procasky, Veronica, Lutat, Alisha, Griffin, Carl P., Hollister, Ripley R., Brown, Jeremy, Ronk, Melody, Harper, Wayne L., Cohen, Lisa, Eckert, Lynn, Hong, Matthew, Rouhbakhsh, Rambod, Danford, Elizabeth, Johnson, John, Calderone, Richard, Khetan, Shishir K., Olanrewaju, Oyebisi, Zhai, Nan, Nieves, Kimberly, O'Brien, Allison, Bradley, Paul S., Lilienthal, Amanda, Callis, Jim, Brosz, Adam B., Clement, Andrea, West, Whitney, Friesen, Luke, Cramer, Paul, Eder, Frank S., Little, Ryan, Engler, Victoria, Rattenbury-Shaw, Heather, Ensz, David J., Oplinger, Allie, Essink, Brandon J., Meyer, Jay, Raiser, Frederick, III, Mueller, Kimberly, Vrbicky, Keith W., Harper, Charles, Nutsch, Chelsie, Lewis, Wendell, III, Laflan, Cathy, Whatley, Jordan L., Harrell, Nicole, Shannon, Amie, Rowell, Crystal, Dedon, Christopher, Makhene, Mamodikoe, Gottschlich, Gregory M., Harden, Kate, Gottschlich, Melissa, Smith, Mary, Powell, Richard, Kimmel, Murray A., Pinto, Simmy, Vachris, Timothy P., Hutchens, Mark, Daniels, Stephen, Wells, Margaret, Van Der Leden, Mimi, Jackson-Booth, Peta-Gay, Baron, Mira, Kane, Pamela, Seversen, Shannen, Kryvicky, Mara, Lord, Julia, Saleh, Jamshid, Miles, Matthew, Lupercio, Rafael, McGettigan, John W., Jr., Patton, Walter, Brakema, Riemke, Choquette, Karin, McGettigan, Jonlyn, Kirstein, Judith L., Bernard, Marcia, Manning, Mary Beth, Rothenberg, Joan, Briskin, Toby, Roadman, Denise, Tedder-Edwards, Sharita, Schwartz, Howard I., Mederos, Surisday, Swaminathan, Shobha, Nyaku, Amesika, Varughese, Tilly, DallaPiazza, Michelle, Frey, Sharon E., Graham, Irene, Abate, Getahun, Hoft, Daniel, Allen, Leland N., III, Edwards, Leslie A., Davis, William S., Jr., Mena, Jessica M., Kutner, Mark E., Caso, Jorge, Moran, Maria Hernandez, Carvajal, Marianela, Mendez, Janet, Wadsworth, Larkin T., III, Adams, Michael R., Iverson, Leslie, Newberg, Joseph L., Pearlman, Laura, Nugent, Paul J., Reynolds, Michele D., Bashour, Jennifer, Schmidt, Robert, Sheth, Neil P., Steil, Kenneth, Toma, Ramy J., Kirby, William, Folmar, Pink, Williams, Samantha, Pickrell, Paul, Mott, Stefanie, Linebarger, Carol Ann, Malbari, Hussain, Pampe, David, Fragoso, Veronica G., Holloway, Lisa, McKeown-Bragas, Cecilia, Becker, Teresa, Williams, Barton G., Jones, William H., Clark, Jesse L., Shoptaw, Steven, Vertucci, Michele, Hernandez, Will, Spector, Stephen A., Moodley, Amaran, Blumenthal, Jill, Stangl, Lisa, Deutsch, Karen, Mullane, Kathleen M., Pitrak, David, Nuss, Cheryl, Pi, Judy, Fichtenbaum, Carl, Powers-Fletcher, Margaret, Saemann, Michelle, Kohrs, Sharon, Campbell, Thomas B., Lauria, Andrew, Mancilla, Jose C., Dunlevy, Hillary, Novak, Richard M., Wendrow, Andrea, Borgetti, Scott, Ladner, Ben, Chrisley, Lisa, Young, Cheryl, Doblecki-Lewis, Susanne, Alcaide, Maria L., Gonzales-Zamora, Jose, Morris, Stephen, Wohl, David, Eron, Joseph, Jr., Frank, Ian, Dunbar, Debora, Metzger, David, Momplaisir, Florence, Martin, Judith, Hoberman, Alejandro, Shope, Timothy, Muniz, Gysella, Rupp, Richard, Stanford, Amber, Berman, Megan, Porterfield, Laura, Lewis, Michael, Ghadishah, Elham, Yusin, Joseph, Pham, Mai, Creech, Clarence B., II, Walker, Shannon, Rolsma, Stephanie, Samuels, Robert, Thomsen, Isaac, Kalams, Spyros A., Wilson, Greg, Lucksinger, Gregg H., Parks, Kevin, Israelsen, Ryan, Ostovar, Jaleh, Kelly, Kary, Overcash, Jeffrey S., Chu, Hanh, Lee, Kia, De La Cruz, Luis I., Clemons, Steve, Everette, Elizabeth, Studdard, Suzanna, Mohan, Gowdhami, Tyson, Stefanie, Peay, Alyssa-Kay, Johnson, Danyel, Feldman, Gregory J., Suen, May-Yin, Muenzner, Jacqueline, Boscia, Joseph, Siddiqui, Farhan, Sanders, John, Peacock, James, Nasim, Julio, Levin, Michael L., Hussey, Julie, Kulic, Marcy, McKenzie, Mark M., Deese, Teresa, Osmundsen, Erica, Sweet, Christy, Ebuh, Valentine M., Elnagar, Elwaleed, Ebuh, Georgette, Iwuala, Genevieve, Han-Conrad, Laurie J., Simmons, Todd, Tarakjian, Denis, Ackermann, Jeremy, Adams, Mark S., Alemán, José O., Al-Ibrahim, Mohamed S., Andes, David R., Andrews, Jeb, Arduino, Roberto C., Bäcker, Martín, Badillo, Diana, Bainbridge, Emma, Batteiger, Teresa A., Bazan, Jose A., Bedimo, Roger J., Benitez, Jorge A., Bennett, Annette R., Bernstein, David I., Bialobok, Kristin, Boas, Rebecca, Brady, Judith, Brown, Cynthia, Bunce, Catherine A., Call, Robert S., Campbell, Wesley, Carmody, Ellie, Carpenter, Christopher, Carsons, Steven E., Castellon, Marvin, Castro, Mario, Catan, Hannah, Chang, Jennifer, Chebib, Mouna G., Chen, Corey M., Cheng, Margaret, Chow, Brian D.W., Ciambruschini, Annie, Connor, Joseph P., Conway, James H., Cooney, Maureen, Curlin, Marcel, De La Matta Rodriguez, Claudia, Dedon, Jon F., Degan, Emily, Dickey, Michelle, Dietz, Craig, Dong, Jennifer L., Dorcely, Brenda, Dube, Michael P., Dyer, Carmel B., Eckhardt, Benjamin, Ellerbeck, Edward, Ewers, Evan C., Falk, Amy, Feijoo, Brittany, Felsen, Uriel R., Fiel, Tom, Fitz-Patrick, David, Fogarty, Charles M., Ford, Stacy, Forero, Lina M., Formentini, Elizabeth, Franco-Vitteri, Doris, Frenck, Robert W., Jr., Gharib, Elie, Gharib, Suzanne, Rucker, Rola G., Goldenberg, James N., González, Luis H., Gray, Brett, Greene, Rusty, Grossberg, Robert M., Guanira-Carranza, Juan V., Guerreros Benavides, Alfredo Gilberto, Guillory, Clint C., Gunaratne, Shauna H., Halpert, David, Hamilton, Holli, Hartman, William R., Henderson, Sheryl L., Herati, Ramin, Guarin, Laura Hernandez, Hilder, Robin, Ho, Ken, Hojat, Leila, Hosek, Sybil G., Jacobson, Jeffrey M., Jay, Melanie, Johnson, Diane H., Jones, Kathleen S., Jones-López, Edward C., Justman, Jessica E., Kahney, Scott, Katz, Lois, Katz, Melinda, Kaul, Daniel, Keefer, Michael C., Kennedy, Ashley, Knishinsky, Jennifer, Kogelman, Laura, Koletar, Susan L., Kottkamp, Angelica, Laguio-Vila, Maryrose, Landovitz, Raphael J., Lee, Jessica L., Liu, Albert, Llerena Zegarra, Eneyda Giuvanela, Lok, Anna S., Lovell, James, Lubelchek, Ronald, Lucaj, John, Luckasen, Gary, Luetkemeyer, Annie, Lugogo, Njira Lucia, Maenza, Janine, Malvestutto, Carlos, Mauri, Monica, Maves, Ryan C., Mayer, Kenneth H., McCartney, Michael J., McCort, Margaret E., McElrath, M. Juliana, McNairy, Meredith, Merino, Fernando L., Meyerowitz, Eric A., Mitchell, Carol L., Monaco, Cynthia L., Muhammad, Sauda, Muñoz-Gómez, Sigridh, Munsiff, Sonal, Nee, Paul, Nollen, Nicole L., Noor, Asif, Lagos, Claudio Nuñez, Okulicz, Jason F., Oliver, Patrick A., Ortega, Jessica, Palmer, Steven, Parameswaran, Lalitha, Parikh, Purvi, Parker, Susan, Parungao, Reza, Pavie, Juana R., Madan, Rebecca P., Peralta, Henry, Petts, Jennifer, Pierce, Kristen K., Pretell Alva, E. Javier, Purpura, Lawrence J., Raabe, Vanessa, Recuenco, Sergio E., Richards, Tamara, Riddler, Sharon A., Rizzardi, Barbara, Rokser, Rachel, Rolle, Charlotte-Paige, Rosen, Adam, Rosen, Jeffrey, Freese, Lena R., Santolaya, María E., Schipani, Linda M., Schwartz, Adam, Schwasinger-Schmidt, Tiffany, Scott, Hyman, Sha, Beverly E., Shankaran, Shivanjali, Shapiro, Adrienne E., Sharp, Stephan C., Shopsin, Bo, Sims, Matthew D., Skipper, Stephanie, Smith, Derek M., Smith, Michael J., Sobhanie, M. Mahdee, Sovic, Brit, Sterling, Stephanie, Striker, Robert, Tafur Bances, Karla Beatriz, Talaat, Kawsar R., Tavel, Edward M., Jr., Tieu, Hong V., Tomaszewski, Christian, Tomlinson, Ryan, Torres, Juan P., Torres, Julian A., Treanor, John J., Tukuru, Sade, Ulrich, Robert J., Utz, Gregory C., Viar, Veronica, Viau Colindres, Roberto A., Walsh, Edward E., Walsh, Mary C., Walter, Emmanuel B., Weidler, Jessica L., Wu, Yi H., Yang, Kinara S., Yrivarren Giorza, Juan Luis, Zemanek, Arthur L., Zhang, Kevin, Zingman, Barry S., Gorman, Richard, Paez, Carmen A., Swann, Edith, Takuva, Simbarashe G., Greninger, Alex, Roychoudhury, Pavitra, Coombs, Robert W., Jerome, Keith R., Castellino, Flora, Tong, Xiaomi, Pavetto, Corrina, Gipson, Teletha, Tong, Tina, Lee, Marina, Zhou, James, Fay, Michael, McQuarrie, Kelly, Nnadi, Chimeremma, Sogbetun, Obiageli, Ahmad, Nina, De Proost, Ian, Hoseyni, Cyrus, Coplan, Paul, Khan, Najat, Ronco, Peter, Furey, Dawn, Meck, Jodi, Vingerhoets, Johan, Brandenburg, Boerries, Custers, Jerome, Hendriks, Jenny, Juraszek, Jarek, Marit de Groot, Anne, Van Roey, Griet, Heerwegh, Dirk, Van Dromme, Ilse, Méndez Galván, Jorge F., Carrascal, Monica B., Duran, Adriana Sordo, Sanchez Guerrero, Laura Ruy, Gómora Madrid, Martha Cecilia, Barrat Hernández, Alejandro Quintín, Guizar, Sharzhaad Molina, González Estrada, Denisse Alejandra, Martínez Pérez, Silvano Omar, Zárate Hinojosa, Zindy Yazmín, Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo Miguel, Cruz-Valdez, Aurelio, Pacheco-Flores, Janeth, Lara, Anyela, Díaz-Miralrio, Secia, Reyes Fentanes, María José, Olmos Vega, Jocelyn Zuleica, Méndez, Daniela Pineda, Martínez, Karina Cano, Alvarez León, Winniberg Stephany, Ruiz Herrera, Vida Veronica, Vázquez Saldaña, Eduardo Gabriel, Camacho Choza, Laura Julia, Vega Orozco, Karen Sofia, Ortega Domínguez, Sandra Janeth, Chacón, Jorge A., Rivera, Juan J., Cutz, Erika A., Ortegón, Maricruz E., Rivera, María I., Browder, David, Burch, Cortney, Moye, Terri, Bondy, Paul, Browder, Lesley, Manning, Rickey D., Hurst, James W., Sturgeon, Rodney E., Wakefield, Paul H., Kirby, John A., Andersen, James, Fearon, Szheckera, Negron, Rosa, Medina, Amy, Hill, John M., Rajasekhar, Vivek, Williams, Hayes, Cade, LaShondra, Fouts, Rhodna, Moya, Connie, Anderson, Corey G., Devine, Naomi, Ramsey, James, Perez, Ashley, Tatelbaum, David, Jacobs, Michael, Menasche, Kathleen, Mirkil, Vincent, Winkle, Peter J., Haggag, Amina Z., Haynes, Michelle, Villegas, Marysol, Raja, Sabina, Riesenberg, Robert, Plavin, Stanford, Lerman, Mark, Woodside, Leana, Johnson, Maria, Healy, C. Mary, Whitaker, Jennifer A., Keitel, Wendy A., Atmar, Robert L., Horwith, Gary, Mason, Robin, Johnson, Lisa, Dora, Tambra, Murray, Deborah, Ledbetter, Logan, Ewing, Beverly, Stephenson, Kathryn E., Tan, Chen S., Zash, Rebecca, Ansel, Jessica L., Jaegle, Kate, Guiney, Caitlin J., Henderson, Jeffrey A., O'Leary, Marcia, Enright, Kendra, Kessler, Jill, Ducheneaux, Pete, Inniss, Asha, Brandon, Donald M., Davis, William B., Lawler, Daniel T., Oppong, Yaa D., Starr, Ryan P., Syndergaard, Scott N., Shelly, Rozeli, Majumder, Mashrur Islam, Sugimoto, Danny, Dugas, Jeffrey, Sr., Rijos, Dolores, Shelton, Sandra, Hong, Stephan, Schwartz, Howard, Sanchez-Crespo, Nelia, Schwartz, Jennifer, Piedra, Terry, Corral, Barbara, Medina, Carmen, Dever, Michael E., Shah, Mitul, Delgado, Michael, Scott, Tameika, Usdan, Lisa S., McGill, Lora J., Arnold, Valerie K., Scatamacchia, Carolyn, Anthony, Codi M., Merchant, Rajan, Yoon, Anelgine C., Hill, Janet, Ng-Price, Lucy, Thompson-Seim, Teri, Ackerman, Ronald, Ackerman, Jamie, Aristy, Florida, Ketter, Nzeera, Finley, Jon, Stull, Mildred, Murray, Monica, Rizvi, Zainab, Guerrero, Sonia, Paliwal, Yogesh K., Paliwal, Amit, Gordon, Sarah, Gordon, Bryan, Montano-Pereira, Cynthia, Galloway, Christopher, Montros, Candice, Aleman, Lily, Shairi, Samira, Van Ever, Wesley, Freeman, George H., Harmon, Esther L., Cross, Marshall A., Sales, Kacie, Gular, Catherine Q., Hepburn, Matthew, Alderson, Nathan, Harshell, Shana, Mahgoub, Siham, Maxwell, Celia, Mellman, Thomas, Thompson, Karl M., Wortman, Glenn, Kingsley, Jeff, Pixler, April, Curry, LaKondria, Afework, Sarah, Swanson, Austin, Jacqmein, Jeffry, Bowers, Maggie, Robison, Dawn, Mosteller, Victoria, Garvey, Janet, Easley, Mary, Kurnat, Rebecca J., Cornelison, Raymond, Gower, Shanda, Schnitz, William, Heinzig-Cartwright, Destiny S., Lewis, Derek, Newton, Fred E., Duhart, Aeiress, Watkins, Breanz, Ball, Brandy, York, Jill, Pickle, Shelby, Musante, David B., Silver, William P., Belhorn, Linda R., Viens, Nicholas A., Dellaero, David, Patel, Priti, Lisec, Kendra, Safirstein, Beth, Zapata, Luz, Gonzalez, Lazaro, Quevedo, Evelyn, Irani, Farah, Grillo, Joseph, Potts, Amy, White, Julie, Flume, Patrick, Headden, Gary, Taylor, Brandie, Warden, Ashley, Chamberlain, Amy, Jeanfreau, Robert, Jeanfreau, Susan, Matherne, Paul G., Caldwell, Amy, Stahl, Jessica, Vowell, Mandy, Newhouse, Lauren, Berthaud, Vladimir, Takizala, Zudi-Mwak, Beninati, Genevieve, Snell, Kimberly, Baker, Sherrie, Walker, James, Harrison, Tavane, Miller, Meagan, Otto, Janet, Gray, Roni, Wilson, Christine, Nemecek, Tiffany, Harrington, Hannah, Eppenbach, Sally, Lewis, Wendell, Bourgeois, Tana, Folsom, Lyndsea, Holt, Gregory, Mirsaeidi, Mehdi, Calderon, Rafael, Lichtenberger, Paola, Quintero, Jalima, Martinez, Becky, Immergluck, Lilly, Johnson, Erica, Chan, Austin, Fas, Norberto, Thomas-Seaton, LaTeshia, Khizer, Saadia, Staben, Jonathan, Beresnev, Tatiana, Jahromi, Maryam, Marovich, Mary A., Hutter, Julia, Nason, Martha, Ledgerwood, Julie, Mascola, John, Leibowitz, Mark, Morales, Fernanda, Delgado, Mike, Sanchez, Rosario, Vega, Norma, Áñez, Germán, Albert, Gary, Coston, Erin, Desai, Chinar, Dunbar, Haoua, Eickhoff, Mark, Garcia, Jenina, Kautz, Margaret, Lee, Angela, Lewis, Maggie, McGarry, Alice, McKnight, Irene, Nelson, Joy, Newingham, Patrick, Price-Abbott, Patty, Reed, Patty, Vegas, Diana, Wilkinson, Bethanie, Smith, Katherine, Woo, Wayne, Cho, Iksung, Glenn, Gregory M., Dubovsky, Filip, Fried, David L., Haughey, Lynne A., Stanton, Ariana C., Rameaka, Lisa Stevens, Rosenberg, David, Tomatsu, Lee, Gonzalez, Viviana, Manalo, Millie, Grunstra, Bernard, Quinn, Donald, Claybrook, Phillip, Olds, Shelby, Dye, Amy, Cannon, Kevin D., Chadwick, Mesha M., Jordan, Bailey, Hussey, Morgan, Nevarez, Hannah, Kelley, Colleen F., Chung, Michael, Moran, Caitlin, Rebolledo, Paulina, Bacher, Christina, Barranco-Santana, Elizabeth, Rodriguez, Jessica, Mendoza, Rafael, Ruperto, Karen, Olivieri, Odette, Ocaña, Enrique, Wylie, Paul E., Henderson, Renea, Jenson, Natasa, Yang, Fan, Kelley, Amy, Finkelstein, Kenneth, Beckmann, David, Hutchins, Tanya, Escallon, Sebastian Garcia, Johnson, Kristen, Sligh, Teresa S., Desai, Parul, Huynh, Vincent, Lopez, Carlos, Mendoza, Erika, Adelglass, Jeffrey, Naifeh, Jerome G., Kucera, Kristine J., Chughtai, Waseem, Jaffer, Shireen H., Davis, Matthew G., Foley, Jennifer, Burgett, Michelle L., Shlotzhauer, Tammi L., Ingalsbe-Geno, Sarah M., Duncanson, Daniel, Kush, Kelly, Nesbitt, Lori, Sonnier, Cora, McCarter, Jennifer, Butcher, Michael B., Fry, James, Percy, Donna, Freudemann, Karen, Gebhardt, Bruce C., Mangu, Padma N., Schroeck, Debra B., Davit, Rajesh K., Hennekes, Gayle D., Luft, Benjamin J., Carr, Melissa, Nachman, Sharon, Pellecchia, Alison, Smith, Candace, Valenti, Bruno, Bermudez, Maria I., Peraita, Noris, Delgado, Ernesto, Arrazcaeta, Alicia, Ramirez, Natalie, Amador, Carmen, Marafioti, Horacio, Dang, Lyly, Clement, Lauren, Berry, Jennifer, Allaw, Mohammed, Geuss, Georgettea, Miles, Chelsea, Bittner, Zachary, Werne, Melody, Calinescu, Cornell, Rodman, Shannon, Rindt, Joshua, Cooksey, Erin, Harrison, Kristina, Cooper, Deanna, Horton, Manisha, Philyaw, Amanda, Jennings, William, Alvarado, Hilario, Baka, Michele, Regalado, Malina, Murray, Linda, Naguib, Sherif, Singletary, Justin, Richmond, Sha-Wanda, Omodele, Sarah, Oppenheim, Emily, Martinez, Reuben, Andriulis, Victoria, Singer, Leonard, Blevins, Jeanne, Thomas, Meagan, Hull, Christine, Pereira, Isabel, Rivero, Gina, Okonya, Tracy, Downing, Frances, Miller, Paulina, Rhee, Margaret, Stapleton, Katherine, Klein, Jeffrey, Hong, Rosamond, Swan, Suzanne, Wahlin, Tami, Bennett, Elizabeth, Salzl, Amy, Phan, Sharine, White, Jewel J., Occhino, Amanda, Paiano, Ruth, McLaughlin, Morgan, Swieboda, Elisa, Garcia-Fragoso, Veronica, Becerra, Maria G., White, Toni, Turley, Christine B., McWilliams, Andrew, Esinhart, Tiffany, Montoya, Natasha, Huskey, Shamika, Paul, Leena, Tashima, Karen, Johnson, Jennie, Neill, Marguerite, Sanchez, Martha, Rybak, Natasha, Mileno, Maria, Cohen, Stuart H., Ruiz, Monica, Boswell, Dean M., Robison, Elizabeth E., Reynolds, Trina L., Neumeister, Sonja, Zorrilla, Carmen D., Rivera, Juana, Ibarra, Jessica, García, Iris, Sierra, Dianca, Ramon, Wanda, Fiorillo, Suzanne, Pitotti, Rebecca, Anderson, Victoria R., Mancilla, Jose Castillo, Le, Nga, Winokur, Patricia L., Ince, Dilek, Hegmann, Theresa, Meier, Jeffrey, Stapleton, Jack, Stulken, Laura, McArthur, Monica, Berry, Andrea, Tapia, Milagritos, Hammershaimb, Elizabeth, Robinson, Toni, MacBryde, Rosa, Kline, Susan, Billings, Joanne L., Cavert, Winston, Forgosh, Les B., Schacker, Timothy W., Bold, Tyler D., Dandachi, Dima, Nelson, Taylor, Bran, Andres, Geiger, Grant, Naqvi, S. Hasan, Florescu, Diana F., Starlin, Richard, Kline, David, Zimmer, Andrea, Abbas, Anum, Wilson, Natasha, Eron, Joseph J., Sciaudone, Michael, Rosengren, A. Lina, Kizer, John S., Rutstein, Sarah E., Bruce, Elizabeth, Espinosa, Claudia, Sanders, Lisa J., Kim, Kami, Casey, Denise, Taylor, Barbara S., Patterson, Thomas, Pinilla, Ruth S., Bullock, Delia, Ponce, Philip, Patterson, Jan, McClelland, R. Scott, Lane, Dakotah C., Wald, Anna, James, Frank, Duke, Elizabeth, Hauge, Kirsten, Heimonen, Jessica, Goecker, Erin A., Huang, Yunda, Fong, Youyi, Kauffman, Carol, Linder, Kathleen, Nofz, Kimberly, McConnell, Andrew, Buynak, Robert J., Webb, Angella, Petty, Taryn, Andree, Stephanie, Sanchez, Erica, Mackey, Nolan, Baudelaire, Clarisse, Dzigiel, Sarah, Marquez, Adrienna, Quillin, Kim, King, Michelle, Abad, Vanessa, Knowles, Jennifer, Waters, Michael, Zepeda, Karla, Coslet, Jordan, Tovar, Dalia, Shaw, Marian E., Turner, Mark A., Huffine, Cory J., Huffine, Esther S., Ake, Julie A., Secord, Elizabeth, McGrath, Eric, Levy, Phillip, Stewart, Brittany, Cromer, Charnell, Walters, Ayanna, Ellsworth, Grant, Greene, Caroline, Galloway, Sarah, Kapadia, Shashi, DeHaan, Elliot, Wilson, Clint, Milligan, Jason, Raley, Danielle, Bocchini, Joseph, McClenathan, Bruce, Hussain, Mary, Lomasney, Evelyn, Hall, Evelyn, Lamberth, Sherry, Schmeck, Christy, Leathers, Vickie, Theodore, Deborah A., Branche, Angela R., Graciaa, Daniel S., Hatlen, Timothy J., Miller, Jacqueline, Sadoff, Jerald, Falsey, Ann R., Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E., Rick, Anne-Marie, Laurens, Matthew B., Huang, Ying, Yu, Chenchen, Martin, Thomas C.S., Rodriguez, Carina A., Rostad, Christina A., Maboa, Rebone M., Baden, Lindsey R., El Sahly, Hana M., Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Gray, Glenda E., Gay, Cynthia L., Gilbert, Peter B., Janes, Holly E., Kublin, James G., Leav, Brett, Hirsch, Ian, Struyf, Frank, Dunkle, Lisa M., Neuzil, Kathleen M., Corey, Lawrence, Goepfert, Paul A., Follmann, Dean, and Kotloff, Karen L.

Published
2023
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14. Student Skill Development with the Real World: Analyzing 'tert'-Butyl Alcohol Content in Gasoline Samples

Author

Gonçalves, Bruna F., Botelho, Gabriela, Medeiros, Maria J., and Smith, Michael J.

Abstract

In the activity described in this communication, the authors present a simple experiment that can be implemented with moderate operational costs and that allows students to acquire the manipulative skills necessary for chromatographic analysis of a familiar fuel that still plays a fundamental role in providing energy for transport of passengers and goods. The use of gasoline formulations in a laboratory activity presents students with a motivating subject of study and an opportunity to apply analytical procedures to the characterization of controlled substances used in vehicle fuel formulations.

Published
2019
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15. Evidence for the Use of Opioid Medication for Pediatric Acute Pain in the Outpatient Setting: Technical Report.

Author

Raman, Sudha R. and Smith, Michael J.

Subjects
*THERAPEUTIC use of narcotics, *PATIENT education, *MEDICAL protocols, *FAMILIES, *PAIN, *PAIN management, *CLINICS, *CHILDREN
Abstract

This technical report summarizes the results of a systematic review designed to support the American Academy of Pediatrics' "Clinical Practice Guideline: Opioid Prescribing for Acute Pain Management in Children and Adolescents in Outpatient Settings." PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database were searched from 2010 to 2023 to identify randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews related to outpatient opioid prescribing to children. Overall, 11 randomized controlled trials were included. Although data were limited, no evidence was found that pain control by opioids is superior to nonopioid alternatives. Further, opioids are often associated with adverse events. The review also suggests that family and patient education and providing disposal methods may decrease risks associated with opioid prescription. Future studies can build on this foundation of evidence to support the appropriate use of opioids for acute pain in children treated in the outpatient setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Prehospital Sepsis Recognition and Outcomes for Patients with Sepsis by Race and Ethnicity.

Author

MacAllister, Sean A., Fernandez, Antonio R., Smith, Michael J., Myers, J. Brent., and Crowe, Remle P.

Subjects
AFRICAN Americans, LOGISTIC regression analysis, HISPANIC Americans, EMERGENCY medical services, HOSPITAL mortality, EVALUATION of medical care, RETROSPECTIVE studies, MULTIVARIATE analysis, FEVER, WHITE people, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio, SEPTIC shock, SEPSIS, TACHYPNEA, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis software, SOCIAL classes, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, HYPOTENSION, EVALUATION
Abstract

Background: First medical contact for patients with sepsis often initiates in the prehospital setting, yet limited studies have explored the EMS sepsis recognition-mortality relationship. Racial and ethnic minority patients often have worse sepsis outcomes, yet the role of prehospital recognition in this inequity has not been explored. Our objective was to describe prehospital sepsis recognition and hospital mortality, with analysis by patient race and ethnicity. Methods: Using linked EMS and hospital records from the 2021 ESO Data Collaborative, we retrospectively analyzed 9-1-1 EMS transports for adult patients with emergency department ICD-10 sepsis diagnosis codes. EMS sepsis recognition was defined as a primary or secondary sepsis impression, use of an electronic health record specialty sepsis form, or a prehospital sepsis alert. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between EMS sepsis recognition and hospital mortality, adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, scene socioeconomic status, and documented clinical characteristics: altered mental status, hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia, fever. We conducted a secondary analysis of patients who were positive for the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) using first prehospital vital signs. Results: We analyzed 20,172 records for EMS-transported patients with diagnosed sepsis. Overall, 8% of patients were Black, 8% were Hispanic, and 72% were White. Prehospital sepsis recognition was 18%. Prehospital sepsis recognition was similar across racial and ethnic groups (Black: 17.2%, Hispanic: 17.4%, White: 18.1%) and adjusted odds of sepsis recognition did not differ between racial and ethnic groups. Overall mortality was 11% (2,186). Prehospital sepsis recognition was associated with a 18% reduction in adjusted odds of mortality (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.94). Of patients who were qSOFA positive in the field (n = 2,168), EMS sepsis recognition was 32% and was similar across race and ethnicities. Adjusted odds of mortality were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53-0.88) when sepsis was recognized in the prehospital setting. Conclusion: EMS identified sepsis in fewer than one in three patients even after limiting to those positive for qSOFA, without differences by race and ethnicity. EMS sepsis recognition was associated with reduced odds of mortality; however, Black patients remained at greater odds of death suggesting additional factors that warrant investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Source and propagation modelling scenarios for environmental impact assessment: Model verificationa).

Author

Ainslie, Michael A., Laws, Robert M., Smith, Michael J., and MacGillivray, Alexander O.

Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis, UNDERWATER acoustics, ACOUSTIC field, ACOUSTIC wave propagation, ECHO sounders
Abstract

Evaluation of possible effects of underwater sound on aquatic life requires quantification of the sound field. A marine sound source and propagation modelling workshop took place in June 2022, whose objectives were to facilitate the evaluation of source and propagation models and to identify relevant metrics for environmental impact assessment. The scope of the workshop included model verification (model-model comparison) and model validation (model-measurement comparison) for multiple sources, including airguns, a low-frequency multi-beam echo sounder, and a surface vessel. Several verification scenarios were specified for the workshop; these are described herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Matching International Enthusiasm with Diversity Commitment

Author

Smith, Michael J. and Ota, Akiko

Abstract

It will come as no surprise to most admission professionals that enrollment pressures related to the economic downturn of the last five years have placed American postsecondary education in the middle of a spinning plate, slipping and sliding as it tries to accommodate more students with fewer financial resources from federal and state governments, as well as the challenge of dwindling investment (endowment) income.This article discusses the need for diversity and commitment from U.S. universities to increase enthusiasm for foreign student recruitment. It notes that cooperative societies have been formed by universities to attain efficiency and cost control. The partnership between schools and private sector recruiting firms have risen.

Published
2013

20. Laboratory Measures of Filtration by Freshwater Mussels: An Activity to Introduce Biology Students to an Increasingly Threatened Group of Organisms

Author

Smith, Michael J., Shaffer, Julie J., Koupal, Keith D., and Hoback, W. Wyatt

Abstract

Many aquatic organisms survive by filter feeding from the surrounding water and capturing food particles. We developed a laboratory exercise that allows students to measure the effects of filtering by fresh water mussels on water turbidity. Mussels were acquired from Wards Scientific and exposed to a solution of baker's yeast. Over a period of one to two hours, students measured changes in water clarity using miniature Secchi discs. The exercise has been used in a freshwater biology class at a state university. This exercise allows students to make hypotheses, gather data, and explore interactions between living organisms and their environment. Many North American species of freshwater mussels are threatened or endangered because of habitat changes and the introduction of exotic mussels. Therefore, students are also able to examine the potential effects of biodiversity loss in aquatic environments. (Contains 1 table and 5 figures.)

Published
2012

23. Four Steps to a Paradigm Shift: Employing Critical Perspectives to Improve Outreach to Low-SES African-American and Latino Students and Their Parents

Author

Smith, Michael J.

Abstract

Access to American higher education is increasingly becoming a privilege for upper-class youth while low-socioeconomic status (SES) youth are increasingly marginalized and unable to compete in the college choice game. In order to increase parent involvement in college choice for low-SES African-American and Latino parents, a paradigm shift must take place. Specifically, these parents must be acknowledged for how they are already involved, and encouraged to convert their non-college aspirations for their children into college dreams. This paper argues that, for this to happen, admission and outreach offices would have to approach outreach and recruitment to this demographic as service for the public good, thereby encouraging cooperation between colleges and universities rather than competition. Finally, it would be essential that regional collectives established for the public good be established to make such efforts cost effective and more evenly spread throughout all Carnegie Classification levels (of nonprofit, degree granting, higher education).

Published
2008

27. Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Reduce Antibiotic Use at Combined Adult-Pediatric Hospitals.

Author

Tribble, Alison C, Moorthy, Ganga S, Vartanian, Rebecca J, and Smith, Michael J

Subjects
ANTIBIOTICS, HUMAN services programs, DRUG side effects, ACADEMIC medical centers, ANTIMICROBIAL stewardship, HOSPITAL care, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DRUG utilization
Abstract

Implementation of dedicated pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) at 2 combined adult-pediatric hospitals with existing ASPs was associated with sustained decreases in pediatric antibiotic use out of proportion to declines seen in adult inpatient units. ASPs in combined hospitals may not detect excessive pediatric antibiotic use without incorporating pediatric expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. A Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Different Prime-Boost Vaccination Schedules of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines Administered With and Without AS03 Adjuvant in Healthy US Adults

Author

Rostad, Christina A, Atmar, Robert L, Walter, Emmanuel B, Frey, Sharon, Meier, Jeffery L, Sherman, Amy C, Lai, Lilin, Tsong, Rachel, Kao, Carol M, Raabe, Vanessa, Sahly, Hana M El, Keitel, Wendy A, Whitaker, Jennifer A, Smith, Michael J, Schmader, Kenneth E, Swamy, Geeta K, Abate, Getahun, Winokur, Patricia, Buchanan, Wendy, and Cross, Kaitlyn

Subjects
IMMUNIZATION, MEDICAL protocols, PATIENT safety, RESEARCH funding, INFLUENZA vaccines, LOGISTIC regression analysis, MULTIPLE regression analysis, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio, VACCINE immunogenicity, RESEARCH, DATA analysis software, CONFIDENCE intervals, ADULTS
Abstract

Introduction A surge of human influenza A(H7N9) cases began in 2016 in China from an antigenically distinct lineage. Data are needed about the safety and immunogenicity of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and the effects of AS03 adjuvant, prime-boost interval, and priming effects of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) IIVs. Methods Healthy adults (n = 180), ages 19–50 years, were enrolled into this partially blinded, randomized, multicenter phase 2 clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 vaccination groups evaluating homologous versus heterologous prime-boost strategies with 2 different boost intervals (21 vs 120 days) and 2 dosages (3.75 or 15 μg of hemagglutinin) administered with or without AS03 adjuvant. Reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity measured by hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody titers were assessed. Results Two doses of A(H7N9) IIV were well tolerated, and no safety issues were identified. Although most participants had injection site and systemic reactogenicity, these symptoms were mostly mild to moderate in severity; injection site reactogenicity was greater in vaccination groups receiving adjuvant. Immune responses were greater after an adjuvanted second dose, and with a longer interval between prime and boost. The highest hemagglutination inhibition geometric mean titer (95% confidence interval) observed against the 2017 A(H7N9) strain was 133.4 (83.6–212.6) among participants who received homologous, adjuvanted 3.75 µg + AS03/2017 doses with delayed boost interval. Conclusions Administering AS03 adjuvant with the second H7N9 IIV dose and extending the boost interval to 4 months resulted in higher peak antibody responses. These observations can broadly inform strategic approaches for pandemic preparedness. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03589807. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Variations in antibiotic prescribing among children enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid, 2013‐2019.

Author

Moorthy, Ganga S., Young, Rebecca R., Raman, Sudha R., and Smith, Michael J.

Subjects
INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine), ANTIBIOTICS, RISK assessment, RESEARCH funding, WHITE people, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RACE, PHYSICIAN practice patterns, MEDICAL records, ACQUISITION of data, RURAL conditions, DRUG prescribing, MEDICAID
Abstract

Purpose: The majority of pediatric antibiotic prescribing occurs in the outpatient setting and inappropriate use contributes to antimicrobial resistance. There are regional variations in outpatient antibiotic use with the highest rates occurring in the Southern states, including in Appalachia. The purpose of this study was to describe the rates and risk factors for inappropriate antibiotic prescription among pediatric patients enrolled in North Carolina (NC) Medicaid. Methods: We used Medicaid prescription claims data from 2013 to 2019 to describe patterns of pediatric antibiotic prescription in NC. We assessed patient and provider factors to identify variations in prescribing. Findings: Children who were less than 2 years of age, non‐Hispanic White, and living in a rural area had the highest overall rates of antibiotic prescription. Compared to pediatricians, the risk of inappropriate antibiotic prescription was highest among other specialists and general practioners and lowest among nurse practitioners. Rural areas of NC had the highest rates of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, and the risk for non‐Hispanic Black children compared to children of other races/ethnicities was compounded by rurality. Conclusions: Prescribing practices in NC differ compared to neighboring states with a lower overall risk of inappropriate prescription in Appalachian regions; however, disparities by race and rurality exist. Outpatient stewardship efforts in NC should focus on ensuring health equity by appreciating racial and geographic variations in prescribing patterns and providing education to all health care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Effects of RF Signal Eventization Encoding on Device Classification Performance.

Author

Smith, Michael J., Temple, Michael A., and Dean, James W.

Subjects
RADIO frequency, GABOR transforms, HUMAN fingerprints, BIOLOGICALLY inspired computing, DESIGN software, RANDOM forest algorithms, CLASSIFICATION, SIGNAL processing
Abstract

The results of first-step research activity are presented for realizing an envisioned "event radio" capability that mimics neuromorphic event-based camera processing. The energy efficiency of neuromorphic processing is orders of magnitude higher than traditional von Neumann-based processing and is realized through synergistic design of brain-inspired software and hardware computing elements. Relative to event-based cameras, the development of event-based hardware devices supporting Radio Frequency (RF) applications is severely lagging and considerable interest remains in obtaining neuromorphic efficiency through event-based RF signal processing. In the Operational Technology (OT) protection arena, this includes efficient software computing capability to provide reliable device classification. A Random Forest (RndF) classifier is considered here as a reliable precursor to obtaining Spiking Neural Network (SNN) benefits. Both 1D and 2D eventized RF fingerprints are generated for bursts from NDev = 8 WirelessHART devices. Average correct classification (%C) results show that 2D fingerprinting is best overall using detected events in burst Gabor transform responses. This includes %C ≥ 90% under multiple access interference conditions using an average of NEPB ≥ 400 detected events per burst. This is sufficiently promising to motivate next-step activity aimed at (1) reducing fingerprint dimensionality and minimizing the required computational resources, and (2) transitioning to a neuromorphic-friendly SNN classifier—two significant steps toward developing the necessary computing elements to achieve the full benefits of neuromorphic processing in the envisioned RF event radio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. College Choice on an 'Unlevel' Playing Field: How Low Income African American Parents Understand College Choice.

Author

Smith, Michael J.

Abstract

This study examined college choice within the African American community, focusing on how low income African American parents understand the college selection process. The parents studied were trying to help their children make a choice about what college to attend and why to choose it. Data were collected from more than 375 students, parents, and counselors from low socioeconomic schools in the Los Angeles, California area. Eleven participants were parents, ten of whom were interviewed in focus groups, with one parent interviewed individually. Parents were asked about their knowledge of colleges and the college choice process, their understanding of college costs and financing, and their perceptions of the college climate at the University of California. There was a high level of congruence between what parents said and what it was expected that they would say. Parents were concerned about affordability and thus refrained from encouraging their children to apply to many colleges. They relied heavily on school guidance personnel to help their children, because their own experiences did not help them with college selection. Their social class tended to limit their participation and to create a climate in which the students were the primary gatherers of knowledge about colleges. In these families, the children informed and educated the parents, the reverse of what happens in upper income families. Two appendixes contain the interview questions and a list of low socioeconomic status signals for students and parents. (Contains 52 references.) (SLD)

Published
2001

37. "Doing well" : an initiative to improve depression care

Author

Smith, Michael J.

Subjects
610.7343, R Medicine (General)
Abstract

Aim: The aim of this thesis was to describe the service use, clinical outcomes and prescribing change associated with the implementation of a complex intervention designed to improve care for people with depression in a primary care setting. Background: Health systems have limited capacity to provide appropriate psychological and pharmacological treatments for people with depression. Although guidance on the treatment of depression in primary care in the UK was clarified by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in 2004, it is generally acknowledged that the current diagnostic classification of depression is not satisfactory. Antidepressant prescriptions have continued to rise in Scotland since the mid-1990s, even though there is no indication that the incidence or prevalence of depression is increasing. There is limited access to psychological therapies. Health services have not implemented consistent packages or systems of care in order to provide adequately for patient needs. Although the welfare of staff is critical to their therapeutic engagement with patients, this is rarely an explicit focus of health systems design. Method: This thesis describes an observational study examining the implementation of a complex intervention to improve depression care called “Doing Well”. The intervention was based in 14 General Practices in Renfrewshire, a mixed urban-rural area in Scotland. The catchment population for the study was 76,000 people. A small team of clinicians implemented a programme for people with low mood, depression and adjustment disorder, based in primary care. This programme incorporated a number of changes to standard mental health care, including the following: no “severity threshold” for referral to secondary care; the routine use of an objective measure of depression severity with continuous outcome monitoring; a paperless clinical record; prompt access to guided self-help; prompt “step-up” care to more formal psychological therapy or medical care if indicated; and careful attention to staff training and satisfaction. Findings: 1501 out of 1584 people referred to the programme met inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Three hundred and thirty-two people (22%) did not attend any appointment; 320 (21%) dropped out of treatment after at least one contact. One hundred and ninety-five people (13%) subsequently had their care transferred to other services (of which 43% were to secondary care mental health services), and 654 (44%) of patients completed treatment per protocol. There was good fidelity to the intended model of care, with patients in the “treatment complete” group receiving “brief interventions” of an average of five contacts. These contacts totalled 151 minutes over an average of 103 days of treatment. Referrals from GPs continued at a high and stable level throughout the period of the evaluation. Median waiting times of 15 days were satisfactory. The mean reduction in PHQ for patients completing treatment was 10.6 points, representing a reduction from baseline of 62%. Seventy-two percent of the treatment complete group showed a PHQ drop greater or equal than 50%, compared with seven percent in the “disengaged” and ten percent in the “transfer of care” groups. Doing Well received a lower than expected proportion of referrals from deprived areas, and there was a small negative association between clinical outcome and living in a more deprived area. Defined daily doses of antidepressants in the practices that had access to the Doing Well clinical intervention increased less rapidly (5.3% between the 12 months to June 2004 and the 12 months to June 2008) than in neighbouring areas or Scotland as a whole (15.8% over the same period). Gross ingredient costs of antidepressants in the Doing Well practices fell more substantially over this period (to 56% of baseline) than in Scotland as a whole (to 65% of baseline). Formulary compliance increased more rapidly in the Renfrewshire area than in a neighbouring area which used the same formulary, but had no contact with Doing Well. Conclusions: It was feasible to implement and sustain a system of care for depression that was consistent with NICE guidance, including the provision of some form of psychological therapy (including guided self help) for all who needed it. Access to the service was acceptable, and retention within the service compares favourably with equivalent studies in other parts of the UK. Clinical outcomes were satisfactory, but it was not possible to compare with outcomes in usual care in this observational study. Doing Well practices showed a reduction in the rate of rise of antidepressant use, although did not stop the rise altogether. The implications of this form of “stepped care” for depression for service development are discussed.

Published
2010

38. Obese Children Require Lower Doses of Pantoprazole Than Nonobese Peers to Achieve Equal Systemic Drug Exposures

Author

Benjamin, Daniel K., Jr, Berezny, Katherine Y., Wolkowiez, P. Michael Cohen, Laughon, Matthew M., Paul, Ian M., Smith, Michael J., van den Anker, John, Wade, Kelly, Siegel, David, Taylor-Zapata, Perdita, Zajicek, Anne, Ren, Zhaoxia, Tsilou, Ekaterini, Pagan, Alice, Anand, Ravinder, Clemons, Traci, Simone, Gina, Howard, Lee, Weigel, Jaylene, Darden Saad, Nancy, Shakhnovich, Valentina, Smith, P. Brian, Guptill, Jeffrey T., James, Laura P., Collier, David N., Wu, Huali, Livingston, Chad E., Zhao, Jian, and Kearns, Gregory L.

Published
2018
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41. Using Curriculum Frameworks To Incorporate the History and Nature of Science and Technology into Earth Science Instruction.

Author

Smith, Michael J.

Abstract

This paper focuses upon the process of using curriculum and instructional frameworks to develop a curriculum unit in the earth sciences. The work stems from a graduate level seminar in science education which required participants to use a curriculum framework to design a unit of individualized science instruction. This research was guided by Duschl's thesis that the growth and development of scientific theories can guide decisions about what the most important content is. The paper focuses upon three issues: (1) the need for a thinking curriculum; (2) the rationale behind the curriculum and instructional frameworks; and (3) the rationale behind selecting content for the specific curriculum: the development of theories for the earth's interior structure. The proposed curriculum places the evaluation of six historical models of the earth's interior structure as the focal point of instruction. It includes individual, collaborative, and classroom activities centered around the evaluation and debate of the dynamic roles which evidence, technology, and aims of research have played in the development of scientific models. It offers opportunities for related laboratory and research work, classroom dialogue and presentation, and the individual and social construction of multiple models so as to foster conceptual change in learners and meaningful understanding of the goals and products of scientific endeavor. Contains 34 references. (Author/MDH)

Published
1993

42. The Relationship between High School Placement Test Scores, ACT Scores, and GPAs for Central Catholic High School Students.

Author

Smith, Michael J.

Abstract

Many private schools administer some type of standardized test to prospective students in an attempt to assess the student's potential for success in high school. The test results are used to assist the school in deciding whether to accept the student or to assist in the placement of the student in the appropriate curriculum level. This study examined the relationship between the composite scores of the Scholastic Testing Service High School Placement Test (HSPT), American College Test (ACT), and the final high school grade point average (GPA) for all Central Catholic High School Students (Toledo, Ohio) in the class of 1993 (GPA for 321 students, ACT for 264). Results indicated significantly high correlations between HSPT composite scores and GPA as well as HSPT composite scores and ACT scores. Likewise, the results showed significant correlation between ACT composite scores and GPA. The conclusion is that there exists a strong positive relationship between HSPT composite scores, ACT scores, and GPA for Central Catholic students. One table lists cases and standard deviations for variables. (Contains 5 references.) (Author)

Published
1993

50. Ambulatory amoxicillin use for common acute respiratory infections during a national shortage: Results from the SHARPS-OP benchmarking collaborative.

Author

Poole, Nicole M., Lee, Brian R., Kronman, Matthew P., Smith, Michael J., Patel, Sameer J., Olivero, Rosemary, Wattles, Bethany A., Herigon, Joshua, Wirtz, Ann, and El Feghaly, Rana E.

Abstract

We quantified antibiotic prescribing for ambulatory pediatric acute respiratory illness at 22 institutions in "pre-shortage" (Jan 2019-Sep 2022) and "shortage" (Oct 2022-Mar 2023) periods for amoxicillin. While acute respiratory illness prescribing increased across settings, the proportion of amoxicillin prescriptions decreased. Variation was seen within and between institutions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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