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Background: The purpose of the current study was to report on the clinical presentation and radiologic features of 155 cases of ameloblastoma (AB), representing a detailed, large, single‐centre radiologic study. Methods: Histologically confirmed cases were reviewed over 11 years. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the patient's records. Radiologic information was analysed from available radiographs. The radiologic features of ABs were assessed according to the mean age of presentation and the mean duration of the lesion. The distinguishing radiologic features between adults/children and sex were also evaluated. Results: A statistically significant correlation existed between loss of border demarcation and advanced mean age. Multilocular lesions were markedly more common in adults compared to children. Multilocular ABs were associated with increased lesion duration and advanced mean age. Radiologic signs of reactive bony changes associated with the tumour presented at the highest mean duration of all bony effects. Bony expansion and cortical destruction were statistically correlated with lesion duration. Tooth impaction was more common in children. Some mandibular lesions reached a significant size, resulting in impingement of the maxillary sinus, zygoma, orbit and pterygoid plates. Conclusion: Due to unfortunate healthcare access constraints, ABs grow to significant sizes and exhibit features not often reported in the literature. The findings of this analysis highlighted the radiologic features of ABs expressed through the mean age and duration of the lesion. This emphasises the significance of timely management of these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tongue cancer is associated with debilitating diseases and poor prognostic outcomes. The use of imaging techniques like ultrasonography to assist in the clinical management of affected patients is desirable, but its reliability remains debatable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the importance of ultrasound use for the clinicopathological management of tongue cancer. Methods: A scoping review was carried out using specific search strategies in the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Collected data included bibliographical information, study design, ultrasound equipment, the aim of the ultrasonography use, the timing of ultrasound use during oncological treatment (pre‐, trans‐, and/or post‐operatively), and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the ultrasound. Results: A total of 47 studies were included in this review after following the selection process. The majority of the studies investigated the use of ultrasound pre‐operatively for the investigation of lymph node metastases or to determine the tumor thickness and depth of invasion. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound to determine clinical lymph node metastases ranged from 47% to 87.2%, from 84.3% to 95.8%, and from 70% to 86.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity to determine the microscopic depth of invasion were 92.3% and from 70.6% to 82.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasonography seems to be a reliable imaging technique for the investigation of important prognostic parameters for tongue cancer, including depth of invasion and lymph node metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a progressively debilitating condition associated with significant morbidity caused by heterotopic ossification. Recognition of the early signs of hallux valgus and painful soft tissue nodules can assist in the early diagnosis of this condition. Periodic radiographic examination is mandatory to monitor the disease progression. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare condition with an estimated prevalence of one in two million individuals. The condition is characterized by widespread heterotrophic ossification of skeletal muscles and ligaments. We report the case of an 8‐year‐old female patient and show the radiological progression of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This systematic review aimed to investigate the radiological features of lymphomas and leukaemias affecting the jaws. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Articles that contained sufficient radiographic examinations (periapical, panoramic or computed tomography images) for individual cases were included. Additionally, either immunohistochemical or molecular confirmation was required prior to inclusion. Three authors evaluated and described the image quality and radiological features. Results: From an initial 1079 articles screened, 129 cases were included, containing 88 tomographic, 76 panoramic and 26 periapical examinations. The quality of the majority of images was sufficient for evaluation. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, leukemic infiltration, plasmablastic lymphoma and extranodal Natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type were the most common subtypes. Involved teeth presented with mobility in 37.2% of the cases and a provisional diagnosis of inflammatory/infectious dental disease was considered in 49.2% of cases. Computed tomography exams were available for 76% of the cases, with most presented with an osteolytic lesion with ill‐defined borders. Periosteal reactions were uncommon. Conclusion: Lymphoma/leukaemia infiltrates of the jaw bones are usually of high‐grade subtypes and rarely present with periosteal reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In developing countries, many diagnosed cases of ameloblastoma (AB) have a significant delay in receiving treatment because of patient factors and healthcare facility constraints. Objectives: The radiologic progression of ABs with delayed treatment was analysed using panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography imaging. Method: Histopathologically confirmed cases of AB with follow-up radiographs indicating no treatment were retrospectively reviewed over a study period of 10 years. Fifty-seven cases with 57 initial and 107 follow-up radiographs were included. Each follow-up radiograph was analysed for changes in borders, locularity, effects on surrounding structures and lesion size. Results: There was a general increase in poorly-demarcated lesions, with seven cases transforming from an initial unilocular to a multilocular appearance. At follow-up, there was an increase in cortical thinning and cortical destruction. Ameloblastomas presented with a three-fold increase in average size from the initial to follow-up visits. Regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between lesion duration and length (p = 0.001). A statistically significant relationship existed between duration and overall lesion dimensions when only the first and last observations per patient were used (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Considering the aggressive nature and unlimited growth potential, ABs with delayed treatment may show extensive growth, complicating their eventual management. Contribution: This study aimed to raise awareness of the importance of the timeous management of patients with AB by highlighting the detrimental effects of delayed treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to analyse the demographic, clinical and radiological features of primary aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) involving the maxillofacial region. Histologically confirmed cases affecting the maxillofacial region were retrospectively reviewed over a 21-year period (2000–2021). Cases were collected from the archives of five Oral Pathology laboratories from three countries: South Africa, Guatemala and Brazil. The information was analysed, with emphasis on the clinical and radiological spectrum. Following the inclusion criteria, a total of 31 cases of primary ABCs were included in the study. A nearly equal male-to-female distribution was seen, with ABCs occurring in males at an earlier age compared to females. Localised swelling was the main clinical presentation. ABCs had a mandibular predominance, particularly in the posterior regions. All ABCs presented as blow-out expansile well-demarcated radiolucent lesions with the majority having a multilocular appearance. Cortical expansion was seen in 91% of cases with loss of cortical integrity being common (78%). Primary ABCs involving the maxillofacial region are extremely rare with the majority of current published literature consisting of isolated case reports. The current study is the first large series detailing the radiological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In developing countries, many diagnosed cases of ameloblastoma (AB) have a significant delay in receiving treatment because of patient factors and healthcare facility constraints., Objectives: The radiologic progression of ABs with delayed treatment was analysed using panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography imaging., Method: Histopathologically confirmed cases of AB with follow-up radiographs indicating no treatment were retrospectively reviewed over a study period of 10 years. Fifty-seven cases with 57 initial and 107 follow-up radiographs were included. Each follow-up radiograph was analysed for changes in borders, locularity, effects on surrounding structures and lesion size., Results: There was a general increase in poorly-demarcated lesions, with seven cases transforming from an initial unilocular to a multilocular appearance. At follow-up, there was an increase in cortical thinning and cortical destruction. Ameloblastomas presented with a three-fold increase in average size from the initial to follow-up visits. Regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between lesion duration and length ( p = 0.001). A statistically significant relationship existed between duration and overall lesion dimensions when only the first and last observations per patient were used ( p = 0.044)., Conclusion: Considering the aggressive nature and unlimited growth potential, ABs with delayed treatment may show extensive growth, complicating their eventual management., Contribution: This study aimed to raise awareness of the importance of the timeous management of patients with AB by highlighting the detrimental effects of delayed treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships that may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article., (© 2023. The Authors.)

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to analyse the demographic, clinical and radiological features of primary aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) involving the maxillofacial region., Methods: Histologically confirmed cases affecting the maxillofacial region were retrospectively reviewed over a 21-year period (2000-2021). Cases were collected from the archives of five Oral Pathology laboratories from three countries: South Africa, Guatemala and Brazil. The information was analysed, with emphasis on the clinical and radiological spectrum., Results: Following the inclusion criteria, a total of 31 cases of primary ABCs were included in the study. A nearly equal male-to-female distribution was seen, with ABCs occurring in males at an earlier age compared to females. Localised swelling was the main clinical presentation. ABCs had a mandibular predominance, particularly in the posterior regions. All ABCs presented as blow-out expansile well-demarcated radiolucent lesions with the majority having a multilocular appearance. Cortical expansion was seen in 91% of cases with loss of cortical integrity being common (78%)., Conclusion: Primary ABCs involving the maxillofacial region are extremely rare with the majority of current published literature consisting of isolated case reports. The current study is the first large series detailing the radiological features.