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Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common infectious diseases, primarily caused by bacteria present in the intestinum, affecting the entire urinary tract or only a part of it. If the urinary bladder and urethra are affected then they are considered “lower” urinary tract infections, and the affected kidneys and ureter are considered “upper” urinary tract infections. There is a division into uncomplicated and complicated UTIs. Approximately 15% of all prescribed antibiotics in the United States are prescribed as therapy of UTIs. The UTI data from other countries are similar. The costs incurred in the treatment of these infections are significant - in the United States, the direct costs of UTI treatments are estimated at $ 1.6 billion per year.

Gut micro flora represents a system of extensive metabolic capacity which is quite different when compared to other cells of body and organs. In recent times, there has been an evidence of very important role of gut cysteine conjugate beta-lyases in metabolism of cystein conjugates. A lot of studies are dedicated to exploration of the role of gut micro flora in formation of methylthio adducts from paracetamol in conventional mice and those treated with neomycin as our study. A highly significant reduction in urinary excretion of 3-methylthioparacetamol in group of neomycin-treated mice was confirmed as well its glucuronic acid and sulphate conjugates. Following the principal role of gut flora in the C-S cleavage of paracetamol l-3-cyctein it is clear that highest concentration of methylthio adducts from paracetamol are presented in pretreated mice.

Aeromonas hydrophila is representative of group within the Aeromonadaceae family that mainly causes infections in humans. Aeromonads can induce meningitis, septicemia, respiratory and hemolytic uremic syndrome as well as gastroenteritis. Regarding diverse mechanisms involved in virulence and metabolic adaptation of Aeromonas hydrophila to various hosts and environments it is often introduced as “Jack of all trades.” Here we report the first isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from urine samples of three patients from the Urology Department within the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina. Epidemiological survey identified contact with surface water as the only mutual risk parameter. Following that, novel antibacterial agents against Aeromonas hydrophila are discussed

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