Search

Biochemical monitoring of the adaptation of young water polo players to physical activity specific to this kind of sport is of immense importance. The content and objectives of biochemical monitoring are enhanced due to the fact that this cohort (from 10 to 15 years) undergoes complex phases of puberty. Exercise regulation should be strictly dosed according to the adaptive capabilities of young athletes. The sport training has a positive influence only in the absence of stress response of the body of adolescent athletes. At the same time, physical activity should promote the development of physical qualities. According to the theory about the sensitive periods of development of physical qualities, it is known that such qualities as flexibility and speed types are inherent to people of a younger age who play sports, but their improvement at the level of the highest manifestation of sportsmanship will be uniformly prolonged in time. This article proposes a scheme of biochemical monitoring of a standard training of young water polo players. Based on the results of performed analysis we have come to the conclusion that the training regimen promotes the development of anaerobic characteristics. Comparative analysis of biochemical monitoring of different age groups indicates the peculiarities of their energy supply while overcoming the same physical load, which is the PWC-170 Cycle Test. In particular, the younger the organism, the greater is the share of the anaerobic component of energy supply. This means that during the monitoring of younger groups of water polo players, special attention should be paid to the indicator of changes in lactic acid, which is a criterion that characterizes adequate changes in anaerobic metabolism, namely in glycolysis. Regarding the older age groups of athletes, urea acquires special importance in biochemical monitoring. It is known to be a biomarker of protein energy metabolism, which is precisely the last critical component of aerobic energy transformations. Dissimilation of proteins increases its contribution to aerobic energy exchange under the conditions of overcoming physical loads of a critical level. As a result of the conducted scientific experiment, as well as according to the results of one-way analysis of variance (One Way ANOVA), we recorded the fact of a significant influence of the age of the athlete on the indicators of energy exchange, which can be used in biochemical monitoring of the state of development of energy systems during the long-term training of young water polo players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research aims to improve the tactile sensitivity of 5th to 7th grade pupils with visual impairments. Materials and Methods. The study involved 102 pupils aged 10-13 years divided into experimental and control groups by grade and gender. Methods included theoretical analysis, synthesis of scientific literature, esthesiometry, pedagogical experiments, and statistical analysis IBM SPSS Statistics. Tactile sensitivity of the distal phalanx of the middle finger and palm center was assessed. Before the study, all participants underwent medical examinations without contraindications to physical activity. All parents were informed about the specifics of the study and provided written consent for their children to participate in the experiment. Results of the research. The increase of tactile sensitivity of the distal phalanx of the middle finger (p<0,001) and middle palm (p<0,01--0,001) was showed in visually impaired pupils of 5-7th grades of experimental groups under the influence of introduced specially oriented physical exercises. Traditional physical culture lessons for visually impaired pupils of the control groups didn't have a significant impact on the functional state of the tactile analyzer (p>0,05). The analysis of the obtained results revealed the following regularities: among the studied indicators the most significant improvement of the results of touch sensation on the distal phalanx of the middle finger was observed in girls, in the middle of the palm -- in boys. Conclusions. The use of specially oriented physical exercises at physical culture lessons in 5-7th grade pupils with visual impairment of experimental groups contributed to a significant (P<0,01-0,001) improvement of tactile sensitivity indicators of distal phalanx of the middle finger and middle palm, which positively influenced the functional state of tactile sensory system in the specified contingent. To increase the sensitivity of tactile analyzers in 5-7th grade pupils with visual impairments, we recommend including the proposed physical exercises in the main part of physical culture lessons in the variable modules of athletics, football, basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Biofeedback Training in normoxic and normobaric hypoxic conditions on reaction times in judo athletes. Material and methods: The participants in the experimental group underwent thetha/beta1 training under simulated hypoxic conditions in a laboratory equipped with a normobaric hypoxia generation system (LOS-HYP1/3NU, Lowoxygen Systems, Germany), at a simulated altitude of 2500m above sea level (FiO2 = 15.5%). Each cycle of the study consisted of 15 training sessions. The training sessions lasted for 20 minutes, with 4 sets of 4 minutes each and a 1-minute break in between. In the initial phase, participants underwent EEG biofeedback training every other day. The control group followed the same frequency and duration of EEG biofeedback training sessions as the experimental group and demonstrated an identical pattern, but under normoxia conditions. Results: The results indicated significant differences in Theta/Beta ratio values after the 5th, 11th, and 15th training sessions between the hypoxia and normoxia groups. Moreover, theta/beta1 protocol in normobaric hypoxic conditions statistically significantly improved their complex reaction times after each training cycle compared to the control group in normoxia conditions. Conclusions: The findings indicate that neurofeedback training in normobaric hypoxia conditions may considerably enhance reaction skills, particularly complex reactions, in a sports context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific article presents the intriguing results of a comparative study on the performance and effort parameters in mountain biking (MTB) and electric mountain biking (eMTB). The study meticulously involved a 51-year-old male participant boasting a normal BMI and excellent aerobic fitness. Both MTB and eMTB were subjected to rigorous testing, with designated mountain trails chosen for the rides. Heart rate monitoring, facilitated by specialized equipment like the Garmin Edge 1030 bike computer and the Garmin HRM Pro chest strap, meticulously recorded effort parameters. All the gathered data was securely stored and subjected to meticulous analysis in the Garmin Connect cloud.The comprehensive findings disclosed that the total riding time on the mountain trail was remarkably 45.3% longer on the traditional MTB compared to the eMTB. However, the eMTB demonstrated a noteworthy 31% higher average speed, particularly evident during challenging uphill sections and minor inclines. This discovery implies that eMTB riding provides a time-saving advantage while delivering a thrilling and faster-paced experience.Interestingly, despite the significant disparity in average speed, no statistically significant differences were observed in maximum speed between the two bike types. This suggests that both MTB and eMTB are capable of reaching similar peak speeds, ensuring exhilarating moments for riders irrespective of their chosen bike.When examining the effort parameters measured through heart rate, it was found that the average heart rate (HRAVG) during MTB riding was approximately 11% higher than during eMTB riding. This highlights that traditional MTB demands more intense cardiovascular effort and physical exertion.Similarly, the maximum heart rate (HRMAX) during MTB riding was slightly higher, though the difference was not statistically significant compared to eMTB riding. This suggests that both forms of biking can push participants to similar maximum heart rates despite the varying average heart rates.In conclusion, this insightful study adds valuable evidence to the ongoing discourse around MTB and eMTB riding. The results underscore the advantages of eMTB riding, offering faster speeds and higher average speeds compared to traditional MTB. Moreover, the study brings to light the comparable maximum speeds between the two forms of biking. The heart rate-based findings are crucial for mountain biking enthusiasts as they contemplate the best-fit option between a traditional mountain bike and an electric mountain bike, based on their preferences, physical capabilities, and desired riding experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the dawn of time, one of the main barriers to travel has been the fear of leaving one's place of residence and travelling into a foreign unknown and dangerous space. However, at the same time, firmly rooted in human nature is the desire to know and experience travel, this archetypal inner need is the motive for undertaking travel. In the past, in ancient times, it was difficult to travel safely, not always succeeding in avoiding dangerous areas and being among the friendly inhabitants of distant countries. In modern times, too, travel is dangerous and no traveler can have the comfort of carefree travel until the end. This work has the character of scholarly reconnaissance and touches on selected historical threads related to banditry on the roads in the old days. This work deals with the methodology of bibliographic information retrieval using modern search methods for the expansion and accumulation of knowledge on the criminal risks of the commuter in ancient times from antiquity to the 19th century period. The main purpose of the study was to compare existing data already obtained from autopsies with those to be obtained using Google Scholar and the EBSCO databases. Available research articles were searched for using the following keywords: history of tourism, cultural tourism, dangers of travelling, travel dangers, robbery, highwaymen, bandits, robbers. The goal was also to find qualitative studies concerning the outlined areas. This article aims to show the technology of performing a comparative literature review on the subject of the dangers of travel in a historical context. To achieve this goal, the authors used the following methods: the historical method, the historical fact-finding method, the comparative method, and the method of literature analysis and criticism. The research of the second stage yielded very interesting records for the keywords bandits—131,000; cultural tourism—45,000; travel dangers—311; tourism history—7460; and travel dangers—135. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In competitive sports it is unacceptable to lead a training process without regular tests and observations. Anthropometric tests are often used in contemporary sports. Body mass composition depends on energy sources which are mainly used during training and competitions. Sprinters used to have different body composition than long distances swimmers. The reason is that each of them uses different indirect energy sources and uses different percentage proportions of ST to FT muscle tissues. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of 5-months training macrocycle on physiological parameters of swimmers aged 14,6±0,89 years. All of chosen competitors trained swimming in the same team in the same sports club. They underwent physiological test evaluating mostly their cardiovascular and respiratory parameters and maximum velocity swimming test on 200m freestyle distance. The swimming velocity test took place during Polish Junior Swimming Championships. The subjects made an effort at Monark stationary bicycle. On the basis of obtained results the following was observed: different correlation level between the swimming velocity and individual researched values, lowering the average recovery rate and increasing the average BFmax value on the statistically significant levels. The competitors after the training period on average shortened their recovery time. It is caused most probably by the improvement of work of blood buffers. Swimmers in competitions have to swim in numerous races at a short period of time. Carried out research shows the direction of many features and competitors' current training level. The recovery rate has changed. The mean value for the whole group decreased by 1.4s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to prove the positive effect of fitness technologies on the physical fitness of adolescents. Design: a randomized controlled trial. Participants: the study involved the students of the 7 grade (12-13 years old), who were then divided into the main group and control group each containing 62 members. Interventions: the members of the control group were trained using the traditional methodology, while the students of the main group were exposed to the developed fitness technologies. Main Outcome Measures: we were looking into the students': Flexibility (trunk bending from a sitting position (cm)); muscle strength (lifting the torso to a sitting position from the starting position lying on your back (number of times) for 30 s); strength (chest press (number of times) boys from the floor, girls from the bench). To evaluate the functional condition of the body, we measured: heart rate; arterial pressure, Ruffier-Dickson test; BFOF- blood flow optimization factor. Results: The lessons involving the developed fitness technologies started with an active dancing warm-up, were mostly based on a variety of general strengthening exercises that develop the correct posture and strengthen all muscle groups, and finished with exercises for flexibility and stretching each particular muscle group. Various methods were used in order to regulate the physical load on the students, including the "periodical" and "continuous training". During the lessons, we changed the pace and intensity of the exercises depending on the music playing in the background. The final part of the lesson included exercises for flexibility in the lying and sitting positions, as well as yoga asanas, which were performed statically to calm music (10-15 s). Incorporating yoga elements allowed students to rediscover their bodies and facilitated the harmonization of all internal body processes. The introduction of fitness technologies into the studying process began with teaching the teenagers of the main group and assessing the awareness of the students of the importance of doing aerobic exercises, as well as their effectiveness for improving one's health. As a result of the pedagogical experiment, we discovered the positive effect of fitness technologies on the development of students' motor skills (p<0,05). We witnessed the optimization of the functional condition of the adolescents in the main group (decreased heart rate (at the beginning 85±0,64, at the end 83±0,41); decreased BFOF (at the beginning 2580±26, at the end 2450±0,12 (p<0,05)); improved results of the Ruffier-Dickson test (at the beginning 7,8±0,43, at the end4,2±0,18 (p<0,05)). Conclusions: The implementation of fitness technologies allowed us to update the contents of the curriculum of physical education for adolescents by introducing various types of motor activities that match their interests. The results of the pedagogical experiment proved that that lessons that included fitness technologies enriched the motor experience of the students, which is supported by the increased physical factors measures in the main group. Additionally, students showed more interest in attending PE lessons. Various fitness programs have contributed to the development of the creative abilities of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The purpose of the research is to justify the efficiency of using adaptive physical education for children with Down Syndrome. Material and methods. The research was conducted on the premises of the Center for Early Pedagogical Rehabilitation and Social Adaptation of Children "Pahinets". The children were randomly divided into two equal groups: the control group (n = 10) and the general group (n =10) taking into consideration the age and motor development of the children. The children from the control group were taught using the conventional methodology, while the children in the general group were exposed to the adaptive physical education methods. Results. The research was taking place over a period of 6 months, the sessions containing adaptive physical education methods were organized based on the results of the observational experiments and consisted of 3 parts: introduction, main part, and conclusion. At the end of the research, the results of the control group remained mostly unchanged with the only exception of walking the gymnastics bench while holding a ball, which showed a slight increase from 1,4±0,54 points to 1,8±0,42 points. The results prove that, with the help of systematic adaptive physical education sessions, children with Down Syndrome in the general group increased their speed and force indicators, as well as the scores in stamina and coordination. Conclusion. In the course of the research, it was established that under the influence of systematic adaptive physical education sessions children with the Down Syndrome from the general group their indicators of speed and strength qualities, as well as endurance and coordination of movements improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces is the property of Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Both in the most distant history and nowadays, travel is accompanied by danger. Nowadays, insecurity is becoming a basic barrier to tourist travel to high-risk areas. The aim of the study was to make a comparative review related to the subject of travel danger in retrospective terms. Material and methods: In a scholarly review, the authors mainly used the historical method, the method of establishing historical facts, the comparative method. The method of analysis and criticism of literature was also used. Results: Travel safety is not a common topic of historical literature on tourism. Although we have many fragmentary accounts in the diary literature, in Polish historiography there are no scholarly monographic works and articles that put the subject of travel safety in a historical context. Conclusions: Travel has always been accompanied by danger. Nowadays, insecurity is becoming a basic barrier to tourist travel to high-risk areas. Threats on the road are of a difficult nature to predict, from the dangers caused by the forces of nature to the deadly threat resulting from human actions, most often with an intent to rob, but also against a political (terrorism), religious or national background. Despite the ongoing civilizational changes, including the extraordinary dynamics of cultural changes, the dangers of travel still show an analogy to the former days. The end of the nineteenth century was a borderline period, it marked the irretrievable end of primitive road banditry. The development of safe communication, the emergence of strong state bodies in Europe with a developed system of security apparatus effectively limited and then eliminated the epicentres of high-risk areas, which does not mean the complete elimination of road banditry. Also today, information about attacks on tourists is coming from some regions of Europe, the mechanisms and methods are confusingly similar to those known from history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]