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Introduction: Psychological therapists should be leading on the development of formulation within multidisciplinary teams, supporting psychologically-informed practice. This evaluation investigated the impact of team formulation for clinicians in an Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) service. Method: A mixed-methods design was employed. Clinicians' self-reported knowledge and confidence in developing psychological formulations, satisfaction with team formulation, and perceived access to support were assessed using an online survey. Focus groups were conducted to understand participants' experiences of team formulation, including their learning and any perceived impact on patient care. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: A total of 7 participants gave survey responses. High ratings were observed for perceived helpfulness of the groups (9.26 out of 10), effective use of clinical time (7.57 out of 10), access to support within the team (9.93 out of 10), and confidence in developing formulations as a team (8.83 out of 10). Moderately high ratings were given for confidence in developing formulations independently (6.67 out of 10), and knowledge of different formulation approaches (6.83 out of 10). Six participants were represented across two focus groups. Three themes were identified: (1) Getting Along to Formulation Meetings, (2) Collective Responsibility & Psychological Safety, and (3) Holistic Focus & Quality of Care. Conclusions: The results supported ongoing delivery of team formulation in EIP. Recommendations were outlined which could be relevant to other services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anomeric effect is a chemical phenomenon (1-9) that refers to an observed stabilization (10) of six-membered carbohydrate rings when they contain an electronegative substituent at the C1 position of the ring. This stereoelectronic effect influences the three-dimensional shapes of many biological molecules. It can be manifested not only in this classical manner involving interaction of the endocyclic oxygen atom (O5) found in such sugars with the C1 substituent (endo-anomeric effect) but also through a corresponding interaction of the electronegative exocyclic substituent with O5 (exo-anomeric effect). However, the underlying physical origin(s) of this phenomenon is still not clear (1,3,4,11-14). Here we show, using a combination of laser spectroscopy and computational analysis, that a truncated peptide motif can engage the two anomers of an isolated sugar in the gas phase, an environment lacking extraneous factors which could confound the analysis. (Anomers are isomers that differ in the orientation of the substituent at C1.) Complexes formed between the peptide and the α- or β-anomers of D-galactose are nearly identical structurally; however, the strength of the polarization of their interactions with the peptide differs greatly. Natural bond order calculations support this observation, and together they reveal the dominance of the exo- over the endo-anomeric effect. As interactions between oxygen atoms at positions C1 and C2 (O1 and O2, respectively) on the pyranose ring can alter the exo/endo ratio of a carbohydrate, our results suggest that it will be important to reevaluate the influence, and biological effects, of substituents at position C2 in sugars., The preferential stabilization (10) of pyranose sugar rings when they contain an axial electronegative substituent at C1 (Fig. 1a) is contrary to expectations based on considerations of steric or solvation [...]

High-fidelity 10-Gd/s optical-proximity-communication (OPxC) is described by using reflecting mirrors micro-machined into silicon and co-integrated with low-loss silicon-on-insulator waveguides for packaged chip-to-chip communication. RMS jitter and amplitude metrics for the eye quality are nearly identical when OPxC hops associated with the package is inserted into 10-Gb/s links, thus enabling chip packages for several classes of proximity communication.

The intrinsic conformer specific vibrational spectra of two subunits of the core pentasaccharide of N-linked glycans, the alpha(1,3) and alpha(1,6) dimannosides is recorded in the gas phase. These measurements and computational studies are used to enable their conformational assignment and identify characteristic vibrational signatures associated with particular conformational families, including those that do or do not display inter-ring hydrogen bonding across the glycosidic linkage.

The conformation of phenyl-substituted monosaccharides and their singly hydrated complexes are investigated in the gas phase by means of a combination of mass selected, conformer specific ultraviolet and infrared double resonance hole burning spectroscopy experiments, and ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. In each case, the water molecule inserts into the carbohydrate at a position where it can replace a weak intramolecular by two stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

The energy of binding a water molecule to two H-bonded sites of trans-N-phenyl-formamide (formanilide), an amide molecule that mimics the planar -NH-CO- peptide bond, was measured in gas phase and calculated by an ab initio study. The water molecule acts as a proton donor at the CO site and a proton acceptor at the NH site.

The conformational preferences of neurotansmitters norephredine and 2-methylamino-1-phenylethanol were studied under jet-free expansion conditions. It shows dispersive effects between the methyl group of the side chain with the aromatic ring and between the (methyl) group and the pi-system of the ring.