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1. EDITORIAL

Author: Simone Peruzzo
Subjects: Nursing, RT1-120, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Editorial
Published: 2024
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2. Upgrade of the Magnetic Fault Detection System of RFX-mod2

Author: Matteo Bonotto, Matteo Brombin, Domenico Abate, Paolo Bettini, Roberto Cavazzana, Giuseppe Chitarin, Luca Grando, Simone Peruzzo, and Nicola Pomaro
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fault identification, magnetic confinement fusion, rilevamento guasti sistemi magnetici (RGM), magnetic fault detection system, Condensed Matter Physics, RFX-mod2
Abstract: The magnetic fault detection system of RFX (named RGM, from the italian acronym Rilevamento Guasti sistemi Magnetici), originally developed in early 1990s and refurbished in 2000s, has been designed and manufactured with the aim of detecting, within one millisecond, electromagnetic faults of the windings and their circuits occurring during the operation of RFX. RGM is designed to guarantee a high degree of reliability to ensure the integrity of the machine. The magnetic configuration of RFX is characterized by a high level of symmetry: different windings are connected in order to carry the same current (i.e., the four sectors of magnetizing winding are connected in series, the field shaping windings has up-down symmetry of the currents). RGM exploits these specific features to detect imbalances between symmetric circuits, ensuring a fast and reliable intervention in case of fault. Other types of protection are foreseen to detect abnormal currents or voltages in critical parts of the system. However, the RGM system needs to be updated for several reasons. Firstly, the modifications planned for the upgraded RFX-mod2 are incompatible with the layout of some of the original sensors. Moreover, RGM does not allow operations with non-symmetric plasma cross-section (i.e., upper/lower single null configurations), as these configurations would require breaking the symmetry of the windings, giving an erroneous fault identification (false positive). This paper describes the upgrade of the RGM system, which will be equipped with several additional magnetic sensors to overcome the aforementioned limitations, and refurbished with re-designed electronic boards based on state of the art technologies and components. A model-based approach has been followed: the modelling activity involved simulations with both lumped-parameter models of the plasma and passive structures, and more detailed FEM models describing the non-linear evolution of plasma in presence of the passive structures. These simulations, which extend and update the effort done to design the original RGM, have the aim of analyzing several fault conditions to properly characterize the evolution of current/ voltages during these abnormal events, as well as the electrodynamic forces acting on the copper shell, and tune the protections to guarantee a suitable fast detection of the faults.
Published: 2022
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3. On the road to ITER NBIs: SPIDER improvement after first operation and MITICA construction progress

Author: M. Tardocchi, G. Mico, Hitesh Patel, V. Antoni, A. Garbuglia, A. Masiello, Emanuele Sartori, L. Giacomelli, M. Brombin, F. Geli, A. De Lorenzi, Pierluigi Veltri, Piero Agostinetti, Gabriele Manduchi, S. Cristofaro, T. Maejima, D. Bruno, F. Paolucci, Marica Rebai, L. Cordaro, M. Zaupa, B. Pouradier-Duteil, S. Denizeau, M. Vignando, R. Lorenzini, Y. Yamashita, M. Dan, R. Casagrande, D. Lopez-Bruna, Federica Bonomo, R. Zagorski, M. Siragusa, M. Zuin, A. Rigoni-Garola, V. Candeloro, Daniel Gutierrez, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Loris Zanotto, F. Fellin, C. Rotti, M. Fadone, R. Delogu, M. Valente, M. Bigi, A. Canton, Gabriele Croci, R. Agnello, A. Pimazzoni, Bernd Heinemann, Emilio Martines, O. McCormack, M. Dalla Palma, Kazuhiro Watanabe, J. Graceffa, Nicola Pilan, Simone Peruzzo, Vanni Toigo, E. Oshita, A. Rizzolo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, M. Dremel, M. De Muri, B. Zaniol, R. Milazzo, C. Cavallini, Silvia Spagnolo, Gianluigi Serianni, N. Cruz, A. Sottocornola, Claudia Gasparrini, Hiroyuki Tobari, L. Trevisan, Namita Singh, P. Tomsic, T. Patton, F. Gasparini, F. Taccogna, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, E. Spada, A. Muraro, Ursel Fantz, M. Pavei, A.K. Chakraborty, Francesco Gnesotto, A. Ferro, S. Konno, Tullio Bonicelli, Roberto Cavazzana, Giuseppe Chitarin, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, A. Zamengo, C. Poggi, Marco D’Arienzo, N. Pomaro, F. Panin, A. Rousseau, Monica Spolaore, G. Berton, J.F. Moreno, W. Kraus, S. Dal Bello, M. Battistella, P. Tinti, G. Kouzmenko, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, Marco Cavenago, C. Wimmer, M. J. Singh, M. Rutigliano, P. Jain, Pierluigi Zaccaria, M. Ugoletti, Marco Boldrin, D. Rigamonti, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, S. Manfrin, D. Wünderlich, Gwenael Fubiani, Muriel Simon, G. Martini, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, D. Terranova, Marco Barbisan, S. Martini, M. Urbani, Luca Grando, Roberto Pasqualotto, J. Zacks, A. Tonti, M. Recchia, C. Labate, Matteo Agostini, P.B. Krastev, V. Pilard, G. Gomez, A. Shepherd, Toigo, V, Marcuzzi, D, Serianni, G, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparini, F, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Krastev, P, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Martini, G, Martini, S, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Vignando, M, Zagorski, R, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Urbani, M, Zacks, J, Bonicelli, T, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Agarici, G, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Kouzmenko, G, Labate, C, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Rousseau, A, Simon, M, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Oshita, E, Yamashita, Y, Konno, S, Singh, M, Chakraborty, A, Patel, H, Singh, N, Fantz, U, Bonomo, F, Cristofaro, S, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Fubiani, G, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, D'Arienzo, M, Tonti, A, and Panin, F
Subjects: Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, design, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, negative ion source, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ITER neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam injectors, Negative ion beam, Negative ion source, law, iter neutral beam injectors, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Dummy load, Magnetic filter, negative ion beam, Mechanical Engineering, Injector, Beam optics, Power (physics), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Environmental science, Beam (structure), Voltage
Abstract: To reach fusion conditions and control the plasma configuration in ITER, the next step in tokamak fusion research, two neutral beam injectors (NBIs) will supply 16.5 MW each, by neutralizing accelerated negative hydrogen or deuterium ions. The requirements of ITER NBIs (40A/1 MeV D- ions for ≤1 h, 46A/870 keV H- ions for ≤1000 s) have never been simultaneously attained. So in the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF, Consorzio RFX, Italy) the operation of the full-scale ITER NBI prototype (MITICA) will be tested and optimised up to full performances, focussing on accelerator (including voltage holding), beam optics, neutralisation, residual ion removal. The NBTF includes also the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI source with 100 keV particle energy (SPIDER), for early investigation of: negative ion production and extraction, source uniformity, negative ion current density and beam optics. This paper will describe the main results of the first two years of SPIDER operation, devoted to characterizing plasma and beam parameters, including investigation of RF-plasma coupling efficiency and magnetic filter field effectiveness in reducing co-extracted electrons. SPIDER is progressing towards the first caesium injection, which aims at increasing the negative ion density. A major shutdown, planned for 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out programmed modifications, will be outlined. The installation of each MITICA power supply and auxiliary system is completed; in-vessel mechanical components are under procurement by Fusion for Energy (F4E). Integration, commissioning and test of the power supplies, procured by F4E and QST, as the Japanese Domestic Agency (JADA), will be presented. In particular, 1.0MV insulating tests were carried out step-by-step and successfully completed. In 2020 integrated tests of the power supplies on the accelerator dummy load started, including the assessment of their resilience to accelerator grid breakdowns using a short-circuit device located in vacuum. The aggressive programme, to validate the NBI design at NBTF and to meet ITER schedule (requiring NBIs in operation in 2032), will be outlined. Unfortunately, in 2020 the coronavirus disease infection affected the NBTF activities. A solution to proceed with integrated power tests despite the coronavirus is presented.
Published: 2021
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4. Ceramic coatings for arc prevention between plasma facing components

Author: Simone Peruzzo, R. Cavazzana, L. Cordaro, M. Spolaore, M. Pavei, G. Berton, and Matteo Zuin
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Dielectric, Plasma, Copper, Weakly ionized plasma, law.invention, Capacitor, chemistry, law, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Reversed Field Pinch magnetic configuration, Vacuum chamber, Ceramic, Composite material, Electrical insulation in plasma, RFX-mod2, Voltage, Alumina coating
Abstract: The design of the RFX-mod2 fusion experimental device requires a 3 mm copper shell close to the plasma to achieve improved plasma confinement properties. Such conductive structure, located around the plasma and aimed to passively stabilize the plasma, shall have an electrical discontinu-ity in both the poloidal and toroidal directions, in order to allow the penetration of electromagnetic fields into the plasma region. These gaps avoid the formation of net poloidal and toroidal eddy cur-rents during transient phases of the plasma confinement experiment. Moreover, the shell has been designed with an overlapping region at the poloidal gap in order to reduce the induced field errors. During operations in Reversed Field Pinch magnetic configuration, the loop voltage, that is the externally induced electromotive force sustaining the plasma current, can reach values up to 400 V. These values can rapidly step up to 1.5 kV during fast plasma current terminations. Therefore, intense electric fields can generate between the shell flaps, only a few millimetres apart, along the overlapping region. Furthermore, taking into account that the stabilizing shell, being located inside the vacuum chamber, is exposed to low temperature plasma, the formation probability of harmful electric arcs is high. In order to avoid arc formation, different kind of insulation coating on the copper, able to with-stand the applied electric fields in the presence of plasma, are under investigation. The electrical insulation performances of ceramic coating on a copper samples are investigated. Several deposition methods have been evaluated, including magnetron sputtering, atmospheric plasma spray and detonation gun spray, which differ in the adhesion to the substrate, compact-ness, porosity and mechanical strength of the deposited material. The last two methods have the advantage of being conducted in air at atmospheric pressure, without the aid of complex vacuum systems. In order to validate the process, an experimental apparatus was prepared in laboratory, aimed to reproduce the expected conditions at the shell gap. It consists of a vacuum chamber in which a helium plasma was generated by means of a hot tungsten filament and a DC power supply. A bias voltage was applied between a copper plate and a cylindrical electrode (Ø 4 mm). The plate side facing the electrode was covered with alumina. The two electrodes were floating and biased by a small capacitor bank (0.3÷2 ?F). The voltage on the electrodes was applied for 200ms, with a repetition rate of 1Hz. In this contribution, the experimental results, aiming to study the conditions for the arc formation in presence of weakly ionized plasma (ne ~ 1016 m-3), are presented. In particular, voltage pulses up to 2.7 kV were applied, with a background gas pressure between 10-3 and 10 mbar. Further-more, the electrodes were kept both in contact and spaced up to 5 mm. Furthermore, the results of similar experiments performed on a mini mock-up, simulating the RFX-mod2 overlapping shell, are presented.
Published: 2021

5. Comparison of approaches to the electromagnetic analysis of COMPASS-U vacuum vessel during fast transients

Author: J. Hromadka, M. Teschke, Shiyong Chen, A. Herrmann, Simone Peruzzo, Radomir Panek, V. Yanovskiy, Martin Imrisek, Domenico Abate, D. Sestak, V.D. Pustovitov, Martin Hron, G. Pautasso, Roberto Paccagnella, Fabio Villone, Paolo Bettini, Josef Havlicek, N. Isernia, I. Zammuto, Matthias Komm, and COMPASS Team
Subjects: Physics, CarMa0NL, Tokamak, Distribution (number theory), Mechanical Engineering, COMPASS-U, Mechanics, Poloidal current, 01 natural sciences, Disruption, Electromagnetic loads, Vacuum vessel, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Compass, 0103 physical sciences, Eddy current, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The poloidal distribution of electromagnetic loads during fast transients in the vacuum vessel of COMPASS-U tokamak is calculated analytically. The estimates are then compared with CarMa0NL numerical simulations. The results show that the poloidal eddy currents in the vacuum vessel must be taken into account for the proper evaluation of disruption forces in the COMPASS-U tokamak.
Published: 2019
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6. Technological challenges for the design of the RFX-mod2 experiment

Author: D. Rizzetto, Luca Grando, Roberto Cavazzana, G. Berton, Marco Bernardi, Diego Marcuzzi, Marco Utili, M. Siragusa, Simone Peruzzo, L. Trevisan, S. Dal Bello, Andrea Rizzolo, F. Rossetto, M. Spolaore, M. Iafrati, M. Dalla Palma, and Matteo Zuin
Subjects: l Vacuum sealing, Computer science, Interface (Java), Mechanical Engineering, Control reconfiguration, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Detonation gun sprayed coatings, 0103 physical sciences, Systems engineering, General Materials Science, Vacuum vesse, 010306 general physics, Implementation, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The design of RFX-mod2 experiment implies a major change and reconfiguration of the internal components of the present machine assembly. Critical aspects of the design regard the technical solutions needed to fulfil geometrical, vacuum and electrical requirements imposed by interface with existing components and by specific operating conditions. The paper presents an overview of the design choices and the proposed implementations, assessed by means of engineering analyses and experimental tests performed on mock-ups of the new components.
Published: 2019
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7. Design of the new electromagnetic measurement system for RFX-mod upgrade

Author: N. Pomaro, Paolo Bettini, Luca Grando, Simone Peruzzo, L. Marrelli, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Marchiori, and Roberto Cavazzana
Subjects: Materials science, Tokamak, RFX-mod, MHD, RFP, MHD mode analysis, Magnetic sensors, Shell (structure), Mechanical engineering, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Cross section (physics), law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Torque, General Materials Science, Pickup, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Toroid, Mechanical Engineering, System of measurement, Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, electromagnetic measurement system
Abstract: A major modification of the RFX-mod toroidal load assembly has been decided in order to improve passive MHD control and to minimise the braking torque on the plasma, thus extending the operational space in both RFP and Tokamak configurations. With the removal of the vacuum vessel, the support structure will be modified in order to obtain a new vacuum-tight chamber and the first wall tiles will be directly in front of the passive stabilising shell inside of it, so increasing both the poloidal cross section (by 28 mm radially) and the plasma-shell proximity. This implies the design of a new vacuum fit electromagnetic measurement system. The spatial resolution is constrained by the number of graphite tiles, 28 (poloidal) x 72 (toroidal), which cover the inner surface of the copper shell. The new local probes (of size 42 x 37 x 7 mm) will be installed in vacuum onto the copper shell, behind the graphite tiles, and shall operate up to a maximum temperature of 180°C to allow for baking cycles for first wall conditioning. Because of the reduced room available, triaxial pickup probes have been designed, with the additional advantage of allowing the minimization of alignment errors. The paper describes the detailed design of the new probe set, in particular highlighting the technological issues complying with different functional requirements: the thermo-mechanical interface with the copper shell, their protection, the electrical connection for the transmission of the signal with a minimum level of noise and the choice of materials suitable to the vacuum environment at relatively high temperature. The extensive tests carried out on probe prototypes to characterise their electromagnetic, thermal and vacuum behaviour are also reported.
Published: 2019
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8. Design of embedded electrostatic sensors for the RFX-mod2 device

Author: Roberto Cavazzana, Simone Peruzzo, B. Momo, Nicola Vianello, Nicolò Marconato, M. Bernardi, M. Spolaore, G. De Masi, G. Grenfell, Silvia Spagnolo, Matteo Zuin, Emilio Martines, M. Dalla Palma, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Bernardi, M, Cavazzana, R, Peruzzo, S, Dalla Palma, M, De Masi, G, Grenfell, G, Marconato, N, Martines, E, Momo, B, Vianello, N, and Zuin, M
Subjects: Tokamak, Plasma diagnostic, probe, 01 natural sciences, Plasma diagnostics, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Langmuir probe, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Toroid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Plasma, Analysis and statistical methods, probes, Electrostatics, Magnetic Confinement Fusion, Pinch, symbols, Plasma diagnostics - probes, Electric potential, business, Analysis and statistical method
Abstract: RFX-mod experiment is currently under a challenging upgrade of the machine assembly. One of the main purpose of RFX-mod2, the upgraded device, is the achievement of better performances by decreasing the tearing modes amplitude in Reversed-Field Pinch (RFP) configuration thanks to a higher plasma-shell proximity [1, 2]. Moreover, most of the innovations characterizing the device and its diagnostics are conceived with the aim to operate in both RFP and tokamak configurations. This attention on the different configurations is taken into account in the electrostatic sensors design and layout. RFX-mod2 will be equipped with poloidal and toroidal arrays of electrostatic sensors, measuring plasma density and temperature, plasma potential, particle and energy fluxes and floating potential fluctuations. Two toroidal arrays of 72 sensors each (one on the high field side and one on the low field side) are foreseen. Moreover, four poloidal arrays of 28 elements will be housed. A such large amount of sensors is due to the requirement of a better characterization of the numerous instabilities observed in RFP plasma edge, along with the possibility to study the plasma shape in different tokamak configurations (circular, single null, double null). Two different kinds of Langmuir probes configurations will be installed: the so-called single probe and 5-pin balanced triple probe. The conceptual design of the sensors takes inspiration from the model successfully installed on RFX-mod [3], that allows to remove tiles in case of damage, by means of a remote handling manipulator. Each sensor is composed by two parts: the tile side houses pins directly faced to the plasma and connected by springs to the shell side, where specific contacts, conveniently isolated, carry the signals to the cables.
Published: 2019
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9. Start of SPIDER operation towards ITER neutral beams

Author: S. Dal Bello, M. Siragusa, A. Zamengo, Alberto Ferro, V. Antoni, Gianluigi Serianni, Adriano Luchetta, S. Denizeau, Simone Peruzzo, Vanni Toigo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, A. Maistrello, M. De Muri, C. Poggi, D. Boilson, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Nicolò Marconato, P. Zaccaria, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Valente, C. Taliercio, Silvia Spagnolo, M. Bigi, A. Pimazzoni, D. Marcuzzi, Piero Agostinetti, M. Pavei, M. Cavenago, M. Dan, M. Moresco, Emanuele Sartori, Giuseppe Marchiori, M. Battistella, Hitesh Patel, M. Ugoletti, L. Ferbel, W. Kraus, A. Chakraborty, F. Fellin, Andrea Rizzolo, A. De Lorenzi, P. Jain, L. Zanotto, P. Tinti, M. Dalla Palma, M. Spolaore, N. Pomaro, Francesco Gnesotto, Tullio Bonicelli, G. Gambetta, Namita Singh, T. Patton, F. Gasparini, Ursel Fantz, Bernd Heinemann, Giuseppe Chitarin, G. Rostagni, M. Boldrin, Roberto Cavazzana, C. Rotti, Nicola Pilan, S. Manfrin, M. Brombin, M. Zaupa, Gabriele Manduchi, M. Fadone, M. Recchia, Pierluigi Veltri, Marco Barbisan, C. Baltador, Luca Grando, Barbara Zaniol, R. Delogu, and Roberto Pasqualotto
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Spider, Materials science, Test facility, Nuclear engineering, Phase (waves), Plasma, 01 natural sciences, SPIDER, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Extractor, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, Beam (structure)
Abstract: In June 2018 the SPIDER device, which is the full-size prototype of the negative ion source and extractor for the ITER Heating Neutral Beam has entered the first operation phase at the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) in Padova, Italy. This paper describes the present status of the device, the experimental plans and the results obtained during the first experimental campaign of the radio-frequency driven plasma source.
Published: 2018

10. Design constraints on new vacuum components of RFX-mod2 upgrade using electrical modeling of reversed field pinch plasma

Author: Monica Spolaore, Matteo Zuin, Simone Peruzzo, Lionello Marrelli, Francesco Gnesotto, Laura Marsango, Emilio Martines, Roberto Cavazzana, Cavazzana, R, Marsango, L, Peruzzo, S, Zuin, M, Gnesotto, F, Marrelli, L, Spolaore, M, and Martines, E
Subjects: Tokamak, Materials science, Arc formation, Reversed field pinch, Mechanical Engineering, Divertor, Mechanics, Plasma, Halo current, Civil and Structural Engineering, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Materials Science (all), 01 natural sciences, Arc suppression, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Limiter, General Materials Science, Electric potential, 010306 general physics, Voltage
Abstract: The externally applied loop voltage, required to drive current carrying magnetic configurations, such as tokamaks or reversed field pinches (RFP), can induce currents between the plasma and the surrounding conducting components, such as limiters, divertor sections, stabilizing plates or enclosing stabilizing shells with insulated electrical gaps. An appropriate modeling of this problem can quantify these currents and give constraints for the design of new devices. In this paper a methodology based on lumped element circuit is used to evaluate this problem for the case of in vessel components of the RFX-mod2, which led to a redesign of the electrical connections of plasma facing components. In the new design some parts, having applied potential in the kV range, are still exposed to the weakly ionized scrape off plasma. The process of arc formation between them and their prevention had been experimentally investigated and possible arc suppression strategies identified.
Published: 2018
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11. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author: A. Fiorentin, Silvia Spagnolo, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, B. Chuilon, Pierluigi Veltri, M. Recchia, J. Chareyre, Lennart Svensson, M. De Muri, F. Fellin, C. Rotti, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, J.F. Moreno, Gianluigi Serianni, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Muriel Simon, G. Gambetta, Alberto Ferro, Giuseppe Chitarin, W. Kraus, Gabriele Manduchi, F. Paolucci, M. Battistella, H. Decamps, L. Zanotto, Y. Xue, C. Taliercio, E. Ocello, V. Pilard, H.P.L. de Esch, J. Graceffa, Bernd Heinemann, Marco Cavenago, M.V. Nagaraju, P. Zaccaria, S. Hanke, M. Boldrin, M. Spolaore, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, P. Jain, M. Siragusa, Marco D’Arienzo, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Bigi, S. Ochoa, A.K. Chakraborty, M. Urbani, N. Pomaro, Gabriele Croci, A. Pimazzoni, Tullio Bonicelli, S. Dal Bello, C. Baltador, G. Gomez, Volker Hauer, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Valente, Hiroyuki Tobari, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Hitesh Patel, Vanni Toigo, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Mico, B. Raval, H. Yamanaka, A. Masiello, B. Schunke, Simone Peruzzo, A. De Lorenzi, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, E. Bragulat, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Kushwah, P. Blatchford, Piero Agostinetti, Marica Rebai, T. Maeshima, M. Dalla Palma, M. Moresco, Masaya Hanada, Kazuhiro Watanabe, L. Bailly-Maitre, Nicola Pilan, Emanuele Sartori, Naotaka Umeda, M. Brombin, M. Zaupa, Piergiorgio Sonato, C. Finotti, A. Patel, V. Antoni, D. Boilson, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, Roberto Pasqualotto, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, Namita Singh, Ursel Fantz, R. Delogu, G. Rostagni, Ujjwal Baruah, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Finotti, C, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maeshima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, and Sandri, S
Subjects: Computer science, Nuclear engineering, NBI, PRIMA, PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), neutral beam injector, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ITER, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), SPIDER, MITICA, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, NBTF, General Materials Science, Spider, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Test facility, Mitica, Mechanical Engineering, neutral beam test facility, Injector, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Materials Science (all), Realization (systems), Beam (structure)
Abstract: The realization of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) and the start the experimental phase are important tasks of the fusion roadmap, since the target requirements of injecting to the plasma a beam of Deuterium atoms with a power up to 16.5 MW, at 1MeV of energy and with a pulse length up to 3600s have never been reached together before. The ITER NBTF, called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy; it includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER injector and SPIDER, the full-size negative ion source. The realization promoted by the ITER organization is carried out with the contribution of the European Union, channeled through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), of the Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility, the Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) and several European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFECulham, CEA-Cadarache. The early start of operation of PRIMA experiments is urgent because sufficient experimental time is necessary to face and solve the issues related to the achievement of the desired performance in time for the ITER operation, requiring NBI since the beginning. Substantial progresses have been recently achieved: the buildings construction, begun in October 2012, has been completed by the end of 2015 and the installation of some components has been started since the end of 2014. The SPIDER realization is well advanced: the installation phase is proceeding in good agreement with the general plan; it is expected to be almost completed by the end of 2016. In parallel, the commissioning of the SPIDER power supply (PS) and auxiliary plant systems is being proceeding. Tests at full power and remote control are planned, including also those addressed to reproduce the grid breakdowns and to test the relevant protections. The design of the MITICA injector components was completed in 2015their procurement is being made through a number of tenders, some of them already launched. The HV Power Supply system of the MITICA 1MV accelerator, provided by JADA, was delivered on site in December 2015. The challenging installation of these components, including the step-up transformers and the SF6 gas insulated transmission line, started soon after and will go on throughout 2016. The present phase, with the PRIMA buildings continuously filled with new components, with the installation activities progressing and with also the commissioning and testing phase starting represents a substantial step forward toward the main target. The paper will describe the main challenges the Project Team has dealt during this phase and the important feedback derived for the ITER HNB systems both from the technical and the organizational standpoints.
Published: 2017
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12. Final design of the diagnostic calorimeter for the negative ion source SPIDER

Author: L. Franchin, M. De Muri, Roberto Pasqualotto, D. Fasolo, M. Dalla Palma, Andrea Rizzolo, Simone Peruzzo, M. Brombin, A. Pimazzoni, M. Tollin, V. Cervaro, and G. Serianni
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Spider, Calorimeter, Materials science, Calorimeter (particle physics), Thermal camera, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, NBI, 01 natural sciences, SPIDER, negative ion source, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Pulse operation, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, CFC, 0103 physical sciences, diagnostic calorimeter, General Materials Science, business, Beam (structure), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: This paper describes the final design of the Short-Time Retractable Instrumented Kalorimeter Experiment (STRIKE) for the SPIDER experiment (Source for Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Radio frequency plasma) under construction at the Consorzio RFX premises. The STRIKE diagnostic will be used to characterise the SPIDER beam during short pulse operation (several seconds) to verify the degree of attainment of ITER requirements about the maximum allowed beam non-uniformity. After a preliminary design developed in the last few years, the complete STRIKE diagnostic system has been recently subjected to a final review and is now ready for construction. The main components of the system are: an array of 16 tiles made of Carbon Fibre Composite, which will be exposed to the high power density beam (of the order of 20 MW/m22) exiting from the SPIDER Beam Source; a supporting and positioning system, based on a set of structures made of stainless steel, with controlled moving systems, to be installed within the SPIDER vacuum vessel; a set of thermal, electric and thermo-graphic sensors to properly detect the operating conditions. The paper will focus in particular on the development of the engineering design of the supporting and positioning system, with a description of the relevant CAD and FEM analyses, and will give an overview of the complete system, with reference to the manufacture of CFC tile prototypes and to the choice of the complete set of sensors.
Published: 2017
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13. Progress on development of SPIDER diagnostics

Author: A. Muraro, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Dalla Palma, M. Brombin, M. Spolaore, M. Zaupa, Simone Peruzzo, L. Lotto, M. Tardocchi, Martina Bernardi, G. Serianni, Gabriele Croci, A. Pimazzoni, Andrea Rizzolo, Matteo Agostini, Barbara Zaniol, R. Delogu, Roberto Pasqualotto, Marco Barbisan, Roberto Cavazzana, N. Pomaro, Pasqualotto, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bernardi, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Croci, G, Dalla Palma, M, Delogu, R, Gorini, G, Lotto, L, Muraro, A, Peruzzo, S, Pimazzoni, A, Pomaro, N, Rizzolo, A, Serianni, G, Spolaore, M, Tardocchi, M, Zaniol, B, and Zaupa, M
Subjects: Engineering, Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), Testing for education, business.industry, Amplifier, Detector, Geometrical optics, Collimated light, law.invention, Amplifiers, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, law, Electrostatics, Electronic engineering, Beam dump, Electronics, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: SPIDER experiment, the full size prototype of the beam source for the ITER heating neutral beam injector, has to demonstrate extraction and acceleration to 100 kV of a large negative ion hydrogen or deuterium beam with coextracted electron fraction e-/D
Published: 2017

14. A suite of diagnostics to validate and optimize the prototype ITER neutral beam injector

Author: M. Spolaore, M. De Muri, N. Pomaro, Barbara Zaniol, Gabriele Croci, A. Pimazzoni, Andrea Rizzolo, R. Delogu, Roberto Cavazzana, M. Brombin, Marica Rebai, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Zaupa, Silvia Spagnolo, Matteo Agostini, Marco Barbisan, Simone Peruzzo, Emanuele Sartori, M. Dalla Palma, A. Muraro, M. Tardocchi, G. Serianni, Pasqualotto, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Croci, G, Palma, M, Delogu, R, Muri, M, Muraro, A, Peruzzo, S, Pimazzoni, A, Pomaro, N, Rebai, M, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Serianni, G, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Tardocchi, M, Zaniol, B, and Zaupa, M
Subjects: Beam dynamics, Materials science, Ion beam, Nuclear engineering, Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors, negative ions, electron beam (EBIS)), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Beam dynamics, Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitor, law, Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, 0103 physical sciences, spectroscopy and imaging, beam-intensity monitors, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, beam-intensity monitor, bunch length monitors) Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), electron beam (EBIS)), Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, Ion sources (positive ions, Neutron imaging, Ion sources (positive ions, negative ions, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR), electron beam (EBIS)), Injector, Laser, Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, Beam dynamic, Ion source, Calorimeter, bunch length monitors), Plasma diagnostics - interferometry, Measuring instrument, Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitor, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The ITER project requires additional heating provided by two neutral beam injectors using 40 A negative deuterium ions accelerated at 1 MV. As the beam requirements have never been experimentally met, a test facility is under construction at Consorzio RFX, which hosts two experiments: SPIDER, full-size 100 kV ion source prototype, and MITICA, 1 MeV full-size ITER injector prototype. Since diagnostics in ITER injectors will be mainly limited to thermocouples, due to neutron and gamma radiation and to limited access, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate and characterize in more accessible experiments the key parameters of source plasma and beam, using several complementary diagnostics assisted by modelling. In SPIDER and MITICA the ion source parameters will be measured by optical emission spectroscopy, electrostatic probes, cavity ring down spectroscopy for H^− density and laser absorption spectroscopy for cesium density. Measurements over multiple lines-of-sight will provide the spatial distribution of the parameters over the source extension. The beam profile uniformity and its divergence are studied with beam emission spectroscopy, complemented by visible tomography and neutron imaging, which are novel techniques, while an instrumented calorimeter based on custom unidirectional carbon fiber composite tiles observed by infrared cameras will measure the beam footprint on short pulses with the highest spatial resolution. All heated components will be monitored with thermocouples: as these will likely be the only measurements available in ITER injectors, their capabilities will be investigated by comparison with other techniques. SPIDER and MITICA diagnostics are described in the present paper with a focus on their rationale, key solutions and most original and effective implementations.
Published: 2017
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15. The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility toward SPIDER operation

Author: J.F. Moreno, A. Zamengo, M. Urbani, P. Zaccaria, C. Baltador, W. Kraus, Alberto Ferro, V. Pilard, M. Spolaore, M. Bigi, H. Dhola, Ujjwal Baruah, Pierluigi Veltri, Gabriele Croci, M. J. Singh, A. Pimazzoni, G. Mico, C. Rotti, E. Spada, Piero Agostinetti, A. Muraro, Gabriele Manduchi, D. Gutierrez, L. Bailly-Maitre, M. Battistella, F. Fellin, Marica Rebai, M. Fröschle, Marco Barbisan, Emanuele Sartori, Marco Cavenago, G. Agarici, S. Dal Bello, M. Simon, V. Antoni, J. Chareyre, Luca Grando, R. Riedl, P. Jain, M. Valente, M.V. Nagaraju, Roberto Pasqualotto, Diego Marcuzzi, Gianluigi Serianni, M. Kushwah, M. Dalla Palma, M. Tardocchi, C. Wimmer, E. Bragulat, Barbara Zaniol, D. Boilson, J. Graceffa, D. Wünderlich, M. De Muri, R. S. Hemsworth, R. Delogu, L. Zanotto, M. Boldrin, Namita Singh, Ursel Fantz, M. Brombin, Matteo Agostini, M. Siragusa, R. Piovan, A. Patel, B. Raval, Riccardo Nocentini, G. Gambetta, N. Pomaro, Giuseppe Chitarin, F. Paolucci, M. Pavei, Silvia Spagnolo, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Hitesh Patel, M. Recchia, A.K. Chakraborty, Bernd Heinemann, Loic Schiesko, A. De Lorenzi, A. Masiello, A. Garbuglia, M. Zaupa, Vanni Toigo, B. Schunke, G. Gomez, Andrea Rizzolo, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Nicola Pilan, Tullio Bonicelli, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Lennart Svensson, Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gambetta, G, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Frã¶schle, M, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Nocentini, R, Riedl, R, Schiesko, L, Wimmer, C, Wã¼nderlich, D, Cavenago, M, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, and Hemsworth, R
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spider, Test facility, Nuclear engineering, PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), Condensed Matter Physics, ITER, heating neutral beam injector (HNB), PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), SPIDER, 01 natural sciences, SPIDER, 010305 fluids & plasmas, heating neutral beam injector (HNB), ITER, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure), Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract: SPIDER is one of two projects of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility under construction in Padova, Italy, at the Consorzio RFX premises. It will have a 100 keV beam source with a full-size prototype of the radiofrequency ion source for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) and also, similar to the ITER diagnostic neutral beam, it is designed to operate with a pulse length of up to 3600 s, featuring an ITER-like magnetic filter field configuration (for high extraction of negative ions) and caesium oven (for high production of negative ions) layout as well as a wide set of diagnostics. These features will allow a reproduction of the ion source operation in ITER, which cannot be done in any other existing test facility. SPIDER realization is well advanced and the first operation is expected at the beginning of 2018, with the mission of achieving the ITER heating and diagnostic NBI ion source requirements and of improving its performance in terms of reliability and availability. This paper mainly focuses on the preparation of the first SPIDER operations - integration and testing of SPIDER components, completion and implementation of diagnostics and control and formulation of operation and research plan, based on a staged strategy
Published: 2017
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16. Upgraded electromagnetic measurement system for RFX-mod

Author: Giuseppe Marchiori, Luca Grando, Paolo Bettini, Roberto Cavazzana, and Simone Peruzzo
Subjects: Tokamak, RFX-mod, Nuclear engineering, 01 natural sciences, DFT, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, OFT, Harmonic spectrum, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, MHD mode analysis, 0103 physical sciences, RFP, General Materials Science, Pickup, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Materials Science (all), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, Toroid, System of measurement, Reconstruction algorithm, Harmonic, Vacuum chamber
Abstract: A major refurbishment of the toroidal load assembly is under study to extend the operational space of RFX-mod in both RFP and Tokamak configurations. It includes the removal of the vacuum vessel to increase the plasma-shell proximity and modifications of the support structure to obtain a new vacuum-tight chamber. This entails the design of a new electromagnetic measurement system, taking into account the requirements of both the equilibrium and MHD control system and physics analyses requirements in both RFP and shaped Tokamak configurations. The spatial resolution is constrained by the number of graphite tiles, 28 (poloidal) x 72 (toroidal), which cover the inner surface of the toroidal vacuum chamber. Alternative layouts of 4 x 72 and 7 x 72 are being considered to assure the calculation of the MHD mode spectrum up to (m = 0,1,2 or 3; n = 0,…,±35). A substantial advantage in terms of harmonic spectrum reconstruction is expected also in case of sensor faults with respect to the present 4x48 arrangement. Moreover, 12 poloidal arrays will include 14 sensors to compute the harmonic content needed by the plasma boundary reconstruction algorithm (m = 0,…,6). Due to the reduced room between the copper shell and the graphite tiles, the design of triaxial, vacuum fit pickup probes have started also for their convenience in compensating alignment errors.
Published: 2017
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17. Diagnostics, data acquisition and control of the divertor test tokamak experiment

Author: Alfredo Pironti, Lorella Carraro, G. Ramogida, M. Spolaore, Raffaele Albanese, Alessandro Fassina, Paolo Innocente, Roberto Cavazzana, Massimo Nocente, Simone Peruzzo, Mario Cavinato, Carlo Sozzi, Emilio Martines, Roberto Ranz, L. Gabellieri, L. Marrelli, Adriano Luchetta, M.L. Apicella, Paolo Franz, Alessandra Canton, M. E. Puiatti, Giuseppe Gorini, Roberto Ambrosino, F. Piccolo, Marco Ariola, Gianluca Spizzo, Giorgio Maddaluno, G. De Tommasi, M. Valisa, Filippo Sartori, Paolo Scarin, Gabriele Manduchi, Andre Neto, Albanese, R, Ambrosino, R, Ariola, M, De Tommasi, G, Pironti, A, Cavinato, M, Neto, A, Piccolo, F, Sartori, F, Ranz, R, Carraro, L, Canton, A, Cavazzana, R, Fassina, A, Franz, P, Innocente, P, Luchetta, A, Manduchi, G, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Peruzzo, S, Puiatti, M, Scarin, P, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Valisa, M, Gorini, G, Nocente, M, Sozzi, C, Apicella, M, Gabellieri, L, Maddaluno, G, Ramogida, G, Albanese, R., Ambrosino, R., Ariola, M., De Tommasi, G., Pironti, A., Cavinato, M., Neto, A., Piccolo, F., Sartori, F., Ranz, R., Carraro, L., Canton, A., Cavazzana, R., Fassina, A., Franz, P., Innocente, P., Luchetta, A., Manduchi, G., Marrelli, L., Martines, E., Peruzzo, S., Puiatti, M. E., Scarin, P., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Valisa, M., Gorini, G., Nocente, M., Sozzi, C., Apicella, M. L., Gabellieri, L., Maddaluno, G., and Ramogida, G.
Subjects: Tokamak, Computer science, Data acquisition, Diagnostics, Plasma control, Power exhaust, Civil and Structural Engineering, Materials Science (all), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Control (management), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Diagnostic, 010306 general physics, Divertor, Power (physics), Data flow diagram, Control system, Control methods
Abstract: The system of diagnostics, data acquisition and control foreseen on the Divertor Test Tokamak experiment (DTT) is presented. Conceived in an integrated way, the control system meets the specifications of a fusion experiment devoted to the study of the power exhaust problem in view of DEMO. Diagnostics and feedback control are particularly functional to the need of maintaining the plasma close to equilibrium in situations prone to instabilities where the plasma wall interaction is optimized. Strongly oriented to the exploration of control methods suitable for DEMO, DTT will specifically experiment on physics and engineering model based control systems. Control and data flow schemes are inspired by those of ITER.
Published: 2017
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18. The PRIMA test facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author: S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, Emanuele Sartori, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, A.K. Chakraborty, Vanni Toigo, T. Maejima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, G. Mico, C. Rotti, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, A. Masiello, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Antoni, B. Schunke, J. Chareyre, Gabriele Manduchi, G. Rostagni, P. Zaccaria, Gianluigi Serianni, Y. Xue, Alberto Ferro, M. Valente, M. De Muri, M. Bigi, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, M. Brombin, Hiroyuki Tobari, A. Pimazzoni, M. Kushwah, Simone Peruzzo, Andrea Rizzolo, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, M.V. Nagaraju, M. Recchia, M. Zaupa, H. Yamanaka, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, J.F. Moreno, L. Zanotto, M. Spolaore, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Siragusa, Bernd Heinemann, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, A. Garbuglia, A. Fiorentin, W. Kraus, M. Battistella, Muriel Simon, Francesco Gnesotto, E. Bragulat, Matteo Agostini, E. Ocello, Silvia Spagnolo, S. Dal Bello, Marco Cavenago, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Tullio Bonicelli, P. Blatchford, B. Chuilon, A. De Lorenzi, Piero Agostinetti, J. Graceffa, P. Jain, Marica Rebai, G. Gambetta, H.P.L. de Esch, A. Tonti, M. Moresco, Namita Singh, Lennart Svensson, Ursel Fantz, M. Urbani, M. Boldrin, C. Baltador, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Giuseppe Chitarin, R. Piovan, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Tardocchi, Roberto Pasqualotto, V. Pilard, Pierluigi Veltri, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, R. Delogu, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, F. Paolucci, Hitesh Patel, N. Pomaro, Naotaka Umeda, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Raval, Volker Hauer, A. Patel, Masaya Hanada, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, and Tonti, A
Subjects: Nuclear engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, PRIMA, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, MITICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Neutral beam injector, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ITER, heating neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam test facility, PRIMA, SPIDER, MITICA, 010306 general physics, heating neutral beam injector, Physics, Spider, Test facility, ITER neutral beam test facility, Advanced stage, Injector, SPIDER, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now - when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage
Published: 2017
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19. Design of a High Resolution Probe Head for Electromagnetic Turbulence Investigations in W7-X

Author: M. Brombin, Carsten Killer, Piero Agostinetti, Simone Peruzzo, M. Moresco, Michele Visentin, Monica Spolaore, Nicola Vianello, Olaf Grulke, L. Franchin, V. Cervaro, Emilio Martines, Agostinetti, P, Spolaore, M, Brombin, M, Cervaro, V, Franchin, L, Grulke, O, Killer, C, Martines, E, Moresco, M, Peruzzo, S, Vianello, N, and Visentin, M
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Turbulence, Resolution (electron density), Edge region, High resolution, Mechanical engineering, Electromagnetic Turbulence, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic fluctuations, W7-X, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), stellarator, 0103 physical sciences, Head (vessel), Electromagnetic fluctuation, Work program, Manipulator, insertable probe, 010306 general physics, Engineering design process, High Resolution Probe
Abstract: A multi-purpose manipulator (MPM) system has been developed and installed on the W7-X vessel, aimed at investigating the edge plasmas of the stellarator. It is a flexible tool for integration of a variety of different diagnostics as e. g. electrical probes, probing magnetic coils, material collection, or material exposition probes, and gas injection. In the framework of the EUROfusion S1 work program for the preparation and exploitation of W7-X campaigns, a diagnostic insertable probe head called HRP (High Resolution Probe) has been developed by Consorzio RFX in collaboration with IPP Greifswald, to study the electrostatic and electromagnetic features of turbulence in the edge region of W7-X using the MPM.
Published: 2017
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20. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER

Author: Alfredo Pironti, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, Sean Conroy, J. Uljanovs, D. Middleton-Gear, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, R. McAdams, Nicholas Watkins, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, A. Garcia-Carrasco, K. Gałązka, D. Nodwell, Pasquale Gaudio, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, C. Boyd, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Igor Lengar, Jarrod Leddy, Hiroyasu Utoh, J. H. Ahn, A. Stevens, J. Lönnroth, U. Kruezi, C. Guillemaut, N. Fonnesu, W. Studholme, Marek Rubel, P. Cahyna, O. McCormack, A. S. Jacobsen, D. Mazon, Gunta Kizane, N. Ashikawa, William Tang, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, Thomas Giegerich, G. Petravich, Angela Busse, Corneliu Porosnicu, M. Bigi, M. Wheatley, Christopher N. Bowman, J. Zacks, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, B. Bauvir, Stanislas Pamela, Sylvain Brémond, M.F. Stamp, Scott W. McIntosh, A. Rakha, S. Glöggler, V. Braic, C. Bottereau, S. Murphy, S. Knott, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, N. Vora, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, Gabriele Croci, M. Nocente, A. Hollingsworth, S. Reynolds, D. J. Wilson, D. D. Brown, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, E. Nilsson, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, E. Cecil, V. Huber, J. B. Girardo, Stylianos Varoutis, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, E. Safi, Ch. Day, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, A. Meigs, S. Esquembri, P. Gohil, K. Purahoo, Torbjörn Hellsten, N. Tipton, R. Guirlet, E. Joffrin, V. Aldred, Calin Besliu, M. Valentinuzzi, G. T. Jones, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, Laurent Marot, N. Lam, F. Crisanti, G. Verona Rinati, R. Marshal, Michael L. Brown, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, Michaele Freisinger, R. Olney, Jari Varje, S. Whetham, F. Parra Diaz, M. R. Hough, P. Dinca, F. Salzedas, A. Goodyear, R. Gowland, J. A. Wilson, J. Horacek, D. King, K. Flinders, I. R. Merrigan, M. Ghate, R. Michling, F. Saint-Laurent, G. Kocsis, D. Van Eester, C. Young, R. O. Dendy, A. Meakins, N. Pace, C. L. Hunter, D. Alegre, S. Foster, V. Riccardo, M. Bulman, C. Jeong, Marek Szawlowski, B. D. Whitehead, Vasily Kiptily, James Harrison, Hiroshi Tojo, G. T. A. Huijsmans, J. W. Coenen, X. Litaudon, Justin Williams, C. Hidalgo, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, A. W. Morris, R. Mooney, Yann Corre, S. Brezinsek, B. Gonçalves, M. Kresina, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, J. L. Gardarein, W. Davis, Aqsa Shabbir, Kanti M. Aggarwal, L. Colas, A. B. Kukushkin, Seppo Sipilä, Elisabeth Rachlew, Leena Aho-Mantila, O. G. Pompilian, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, P. Blanchard, Patrick Tamain, P. Camp, T. Szabolics, C. Luna, Kalle Heinola, H. G. Esser, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Hajime Urano, Roberta Lima Gomes, J.P. Coad, Th. Pütterich, A. Sinha, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, G. D. Ewart, F. S. Griph, T. Kobuchi, X. Lefebvre, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, S. Peschanyi, B. Graham, Giuseppe Telesca, M. Kempenaars, J. Bernardo, M. Hughes, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, T. J. Smith, P. Hertout, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Matthew Sibbald, Grégoire Hornung, C. Tame, Matthew Carr, S. Wray, P. T. Doyle, A. Somers, Giuseppe Chitarin, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, I. Jepu, David A. Wood, J. Miettunen, A. Sopplesa, Raffaele Fresa, S. Saarelma, M. Bacharis, J. Pozzi, P. Vallejos Olivares, Teddy Craciunescu, Raffaele Albanese, S. Knipe, Jason P. Byrne, A. C. C. Sips, S. Hazel, V. Kazantzidis, G. Stankūnas, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, C. Guerard, Pramit Dutta, J. E. Boom, Eduardo Alves, P. Grazier, Saskia Mordijck, V.S. Neverov, Kazuo Hoshino, A. P. Vadgama, P. D. Brennan, P. Innocente, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Irishkin, M. Berry, D. W. Robson, Dieter Leichtle, Fabio Pisano, P. McCullen, T. M. Huddleston, Kensaku Kamiya, D. Pacella, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, B. Magesh, A. Ash, J. Mlynář, C. Castaldo, C. Marchetto, D. L. Hillis, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, E. Andersson Sundén, G. Ramogida, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, Yannis Kominis, R. Proudfoot, C. Noble, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Hugo Bufferand, C. H. A. Hogben, B. Evans, R. Sartori, H. Greuner, M. G. Dunne, K. Schöpf, M. I. K. Santala, E. Giovannozzi, A. E. Shevelev, C. Gil, P. Boulting, P. Sagar, A.E. Shumack, P. A. Coates, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, J. C. Giacalone, S. Meshchaninov, A. Peackoc, G. De Temmerman, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, P. Santa, Sergey Popovichev, Ivan Lupelli, M. Valovic, Thomas Johnson, Y. Martynova, M. Rack, Olivier Sauter, J. Garcia, P. Siren, I. Balboa, S. Lee, Hans Nordman, R. Roccella, M. Faitsch, Julien Hillairet, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, V. Coccorese, Ye. O. Kazakov, R. El-Jorf, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Matthias Weiszflog, C. F. Maggi, Panagiotis Tolias, N. C. Hawkes, E. Clark, Bruno Santos, B. Sieglin, R. Rodionov, Roch Kwiatkowski, P. Denner, C. Woodley, Hugh Summers, Francesco Pizzo, G. Pucella, D. Croft, F. Di Maio, M. Tomes, D. Molina, A. Fernades, L. Amicucci, Marco Cecconello, A. Bisoffi, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Wilkinson, H. Maier, S. Rowe, M. Beckers, P.J. Knight, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, K. Deakin, M. Enachescu, A. Cobalt, D. Tskhakaya Jun, Michela Gelfusa, Rémy Nouailletas, R. Ragona, N. Bonanomi, D. A. Homfray, K. Riddle, Yann Camenen, J. D. Thomas, R.P. Doerner, Timothy P. Robinson, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, D. Pulley, A. Bécoulet, E. Tholerus, O. Bogar, M. Peterka, R. Crowe, C. Sommariva, A. R. Talbot, N. K. Butler, N. Reid, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, Juri Romazanov, Andre Neto, G. L. Ravera, Paolo Arena, A. Manning, F. Durodié, Maryna Chernyshova, D. Karkinsky, Štefan Matejčík, J. P. Thomas, A. Wilson, L. Joita, R. Naish, P. Strand, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, T. Powell, V. Schmidt, D. Barnes, José Vicente, S. Doswon, Daniel F. Valcarcel, Claudia Corradino, R. Warren, Annette M. Hynes, J. D. Strachan, A. M. Messiaen, M. Kovari, O. Omolayo, D. M. Witts, R. C. Felton, C. Fleming, C. A. Marren, Patrick Maget, J. Galdon-Quiroga, H. R. Koslowski, Bruce Lipschultz, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, M. Schneider, Sara Moradi, K. J. Nicholls, M. Beldishevski, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, A. Ekedahl, A. Lyssoivan, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, F. Jaulmes, A. Kirk, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Gabor Szepesi, R. C. Pereira, J. Juul Rasmussen, Nobuyuki Aiba, Michelle E. Walker, Gábor Cseh, Scott W. Mosher, R. Bastow, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, M. Curuia, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, J. Deane, João M. C. Sousa, Henrik Sjöstrand, T. O'Gorman, H. R. Wilson, P. Devynck, M. Price, C. A. Thompson, Daniele Marocco, A. Cullen, M. Clark, M. Lennholm, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Roland Sabot, I. Stepanov, N. Petrella, Filippo Sartori, L. W. Packer, P. Thomas, M. Lungu, A. V. Krasilnikov, R. Young, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, Duccio Testa, Pierre Dumortier, Paulo Carvalho, M. Gosk, Yong-Su Na, M. Buckley, Carlos A. Silva, V. Fuchs, K. Vasava, P. A. Tigwell, B. Wakeling, M. Medland, M. Bellinger, K. Gal, Petter Ström, E. Veshchev, F. Nabais, A. Wynn, L. Lauro Taroni, B. Beckett, L. Gil, M. Towndrow, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, V. Philipps, A. de Castro, D. Kinna, D. Conka, Göran Ericsson, L. Piron, J. Hawkins, D. Cooper, Kenneth Hammond, V.V. Parail, Cristian Ruset, G.J. van Rooij, M. N. A. Beurskens, N. Fawlk, G. Evison, M. Van De Mortel, N. Marcenko, B. Slade, Th. Franke, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, D. Baião, A. Martin de Aguilera, Frederic Imbeaux, Carlo Sozzi, J.L. de Pablos, J. Svensson, A. Withycombe, Ane Lasa, H. Sheikh, V.A. Yavorskij, Nick Walkden, E. Lerche, C. S. Gibson, Roberto Zanino, Y. Peysson, David Hatch, B. Bazylev, E. de la Cal, S. Hacquin, T. D. V. Haupt, S. A. Silburn, T.T.C. Jones, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, N. Teplova, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, W. W. Pires de Sa, T. C. Hender, J. K. Blackburn, I. Monakhov, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, J. Regana, Stefano Coda, Amanda J. Page, D. Fuller, António J.N. Batista, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, S. Cramp, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, A. Burckhart, M. Allinson, Larry R. Baylor, W. Leysen, D. B. Gin, P. Nielsen, A. Kantor, Yueqiang Liu, A.V. Stephen, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, B. C. Regan, Aleksander Drenik, A. Lukin, L. Thorne, G. Nemtsev, J. Denis, M. E. Graham, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, A. Cufar, Giuseppe Prestopino, D. Kogut, N. Pomaro, J. Keep, Jochen Linke, Shimpei Futatani, Boris Breizman, A. Sirinelli, M. Chandler, M. Fortune, F. Degli Agostini, I. Jenkins, T. Spelzini, G. Calabrò, O. N. Kent, A. Lunniss, Etienne Hodille, Z. Vizvary, Volker Naulin, T. Eich, F. Mink, A. Alkseev, P. W. Haydon, Massimo Angelone, Norberto Catarino, J. Lapins, Roberto Pasqualotto, R. Lawless, T. Schlummer, F. Bonelli, M. Wischmeier, Stéphane Devaux, G. Saibene, Dirk Reiser, Y. R. Martin, H. Bergsåker, Jon Godwin, Alessia Santucci, C. Lane, Justyna Grzonka, Ph. Mertens, Claudio Verona, David Moulton, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, P. G. Smith, T. Bolzonella, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, M. A. Henderson, M. Marinucci, T. Suzuki, Jakub Bielecki, João Figueiredo, M. Afzal, J. Cane, Robert Hager, Luciano Bertalot, M. Firdaouss, G. Tvalashvili, D. Hepple, D. Esteve, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, R. D'Inca, G. De Tommasi, Ch. Linsmeier, T. Nicolas, I. J. Pearson, P. Finburg, Ireneusz Książek, S. Talebzadeh, A. Czarnecka, A. Botrugno, M. Gethins, Bohdan Bieg, R. Baughan, I. Borodkina, B. Kos, A. Muraro, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Hermon, S.J. Wukitch, Jari Likonen, D. P. Coster, Guglielmo Rubinacci, I. H. Coffey, Justine M. Kent, S. E. Dorling, J. Dankowski, Geert Verdoolaege, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, A. Lescinskis, P. Staniec, Karl Schmid, M. Mayer, Peter Lang, T. Franklin, M.I. Williams, C. G. Elsmore, F. Maviglia, C. Di Troia, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, Yu Gao, Philipp Drews, E. Letellier, A. S. Thompson, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, E. Khilkevich, A. Manzanares, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, J. Edmond, Sebastián Dormido-Canto, R. Dux, C. Appelbee, L. Moser, Angelo Cenedese, D. Fagan, N. Richardson, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Rohde, R. Paprok, João P. S. Bizarro, P. Aleynikov, M. Sertoli, Ł. Świderski, Simone Palazzo, O. W. Davies, D. Douai, N. Macdonald, M. Baruzzo, J. López-Razola, M. Lungaroni, D. Clatworthy, R. Bravanec, J. Lovell, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, M. E. Puiatti, P. Papp, G. Bodnar, V. Aslanyan, A. Weckmann, K. A. Taylor, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, Ewa Pawelec, Miles M. Turner, Steven J. Meitner, M. Bernert, Ph. Maquet, R. C. Meadows, A. Shaw, N. Vianello, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, A. Fil, A. S. Couchman, Inessa Bolshakova, J. Fyvie, Konstantina Mergia, J. Gallagher, R.V. Budny, Frank Leipold, C. J. Rapson, R. C. Lobel, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Gianluca Rubino, G. Withenshaw, S. Maruyama, S. P. Hallworth Cook, M. Newman, Jérôme Bucalossi, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, I. Nedzelski, T. Donne, P. Leichuer, R. Cesario, M. D. J. Bright, T. Boyce, N. Imazawa, Per Petersson, R. King, A. Loving, L. Garzotti, Jorge Ferreira, G. Corrigan, D. Sandiford, B. Tal, P. Puglia, Daniel Tegnered, J. Karhunen, James S. Wright, Tom Wauters, J. McKehon, K. Rathod, Olivier Février, Alessandro Formisano, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, F. Medina, S. Collins, H. J. Boyer, Elena Bruno, Horacio Fernandes, M. J. Stead, R. Paccagnella, J. Kaniewski, Ion E. Stamatelatos, F. Causa, M. F. F. Nave, A. Patel, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, Mariano Ruiz, K. Dylst, Raymond A. Shaw, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, P. P. Pereira Puglia, J. Ongena, N. A. Benterman, V. N. Amosov, Christian Grisolia, J. Simpson, C. Perez von Thun, Jan Weiland, P. Tonner, F. Belli, T. Odupitan, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, Taina Kurki-Suonio, I. Uytdenhouwen, Estelle Gauthier, M. Oberkofler, B. Alper, Iris D. Young, S. Soare, Yuji Hatano, D. Reece, D. Borodin, M. Moneti, W. Yanling, S. Mianowski, K. Fenton, Stephen J. Bailey, R. Coelho, Sandra C. Chapman, E. Łaszyńska, A. R. Field, F.J. Martínez, Anders Nielsen, M. Smithies, M. J. Mantsinen, A. J. Capel, N. D. Smith, A. Pires dos Reis, M.-L. Mayoral, T. Loarer, P. Carman, N. Grazier, S. Breton, J. M. A. Bradshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Fulvio Auriemma, Fulvio Militello, Barbara Cannas, D. Ulyatt, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, R. Scannell, B. I. Oswuigwe, Darren Price, Robert E. Grove, D. Guard, M. Leyland, G. Stubbs, J. W. Banks, V.V. Plyusnin, M. S. J. Rainford, Andrea Murari, Sanjeev Ranjan, A. Huber, V. Krasilnikov, C. Bower, H. Leggate, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, G. Giruzzi, K. Maczewa, Colin Roach, P. Beaumont, R. P. Johnson, Anna Widdowson, L. A. Kogan, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, J. Morris, Robert Skilton, Katarzyna Słabkowska, M. A. Barnard, Jean-Paul Booth, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, R. Bament, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, T. Vu, P. Huynh, S.N. Gerasimov, D. I. Refy, Yunfeng Liang, Anders Hjalmarsson, S. Dalley, Roberto Ambrosino, O. Hemming, T. R. Blackman, Y. Zhou, Vasile Zoita, P. Vincenzi, A. Loarte, C. Rayner, Martin Imrisek, M. Tripsky, C. Mazzotta, A. Uccello, V. Basiuk, Lide Yao, V. Goloborod'ko, S. Villari, B. P. Duval, N. Bulmer, W. Zhang, L. Hackett, D. N. Borba, M. Halitovs, Mario Pillon, H. Arnichand, Alberto Alfier, A. Lawson, A. Masiello, T. Makkonen, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, D. Paton, L. Avotina, A. Krivska, M. Maslov, Richard Verhoeven, Marc Goniche, A. Broslawski, Marica Rebai, E. de la Luna, E. Militello-Asp, V. Cocilovo, L. Carraro, Michael Fitzgerald, Bernardo B. Carvalho, D. Young, C.G. Lowry, F. J. Casson, L.-G. Eriksson, T. M. Biewer, B. Esposito, F.G. Rimini, J. Fessey, G. Kaveney, S. Hall, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, N. Bekris, L. F. Ruchko, P. Batistoni, E. Alessi, M. G. O'Mullane, D. S. Darrow, C. N. Grundy, N. Hayter, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Brombin, Enrico Zilli, M. Valisa, M. Reich, S. Panja, C. Gurl, Charles Harrington, Emmanuele Peluso, M. Porton, Michael Walsh, D. Falie, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, J. M. Faustin, S. Cortes, S. Fietz, P. Piovesan, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, R. Neu, Bojiang Ding, G.A. Rattá, F. Reimold, R. Craven, M. Cox, J. Orszagh, Aaro Järvinen, A. S. Thrysøe, A. Shepherd, I. Ďuran, Andrew M. Edwards, A. Kinch, J. Beal, M. Gherendi, Martin Köppen, D. Samaddar, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, J. Jansons, Nengchao Wang, J. Wu, John Wright, S. Wiesen, C. King, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, K. Krieger, Václav Petržílka, D. Schworer, C. Watts, T. Keenan, Andrea Malizia, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, C. P. Lungu, V. Prajapati, Marco Ariola, C. Wellstood, S. Gilligan, Mirko Salewski, Michael Barnes, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, C. Kennedy, S. Jachmich, J. Caumont, Isabel L. Nunes, A. Petre, A. Kallenbach, M. Anghel, B. Lomanowski, Marco Riva, M. Romanelli, G. De Masi, T. May-Smith, T. Xu, A. Goussarov, S. Romanelli, M. Okabayashi, A. Baker, R. Salmon, T. Tala, Nicolas Fedorczak, S. Lanthaler, Giuliana Sias, J. Risner, Clarisse Bourdelle, M. E. Manso, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, M. Bassan, M. T. Ogawa, V. Thompson, A. M. Whitehead, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, Gennady Sergienko, E. Stefanikova, Mattia Frasca, H. Dabirikhah, Lorenzo Frassinetti, N. Dzysiuk, D. L. Keeling, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, Daniel Dunai, David Taylor, Arturo Buscarino, Carolina Björkas, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Hill, Gwyndaf Evans, S. Minucci, Xiang Gao, A. V. Chankin, Francesco Romanelli, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, A. Owen, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, Petr Vondracek, Sehyun Kwak, P. Abreu, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, M. Cleverly, H.S. Kim, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, L. Fazendeiro, R. Cavazzana, P. J. Lomas, J. Hawes, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, S. P. Hotchin, N. R. Green, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, Linwei Li, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, N. Ben Ayed, Mario Cavinato, M. Goodliffe, C. Clements, D. Kenny, Axel Klix, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, Min-Gu Yoo, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, S. Potzel, D. Grist, K. Blackman, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, David Pfefferlé, W. Broeckx, D. Harting, S. G. J. Tyrrell, F. Binda, L. Horvath, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, Raul Moreno, G. M. D. Hogeweij, P. Card, A. Hagar, Ion Tiseanu, Rita Lorenzini, L. Appel, Jet Contributors, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, U. Samm, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, C. Taliercio, F. S. Zaitsev, G. F. Matthews, Tuomas Koskela, P. J. Howarth, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Amanda Hubbard, R. Otin, K. G. McClements, M. Park, R. McKean, C. Christopher Klepper, I. Karnowska, Peter J. Pool, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Association EURATOM-TEKES, Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), ITN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITER organization (ITER), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU), Institut d'ophtalmologie Hédi-Rais de Tunis, Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Assoc., Magnetic Sensor laboratory [Lviv] (MSL), National Polytechnic University of Lviv (LPNU), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Problems of Material Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Department of Hydraulics, Transportations and Roads, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department (MS 388), University of Nevada [Reno], AUTRES, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Mathematics [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] (DIFFER), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Cadarache, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom research and training programme 633053, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides ( IMFS ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Univ. Mediterranea RC, Culham Science Centre, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear ( ITN ), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ITER Organization, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique ( LNIO ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU ), Service de cardiologie [Toulouse], Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), MSL, Lviv Polytechnic National University ( MSL ), Lviv Polytechnic National University, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion ( CERAG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics ( IEK-4 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( NASU ), Lille - Economie et Management ( LEM ), Université catholique de Lille ( UCL ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie ( 3MI-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires ( LMGM ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Nevada, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] ( IPPLM ), UCL Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] ( ARC ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Cardiff School of Mathematics, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS ( LPP ERM KMS ), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School ( ERM KMS ), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] ( DIFFER ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, JET Contributors, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfier, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Andersson SundÃ©n, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiã¡o, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Baron Wiechec, A, Barrera Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, Ã, Ben Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsã¥ker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bãlkovã¡, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjã¶rkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnã¡r, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broså‚awski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabrã², G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombã©, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Castro, A, De La Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Dejarnac, R, Delabie, E, Den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donnã©, T, Dorling, S, Dormido Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drenik, A, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Äžuran, I, Durodiã©, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, A, Faustin, J, Fawlk, N, Fazendeiro, L, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenton, K, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Fessey, J, Fã©vrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Finburg, P, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Flinders, K, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, J, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fortuna Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Foster, S, Franke, T, Franklin, T, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fuller, D, Futatani, S, Fyvie, J, Gã¡l, K, Galassi, D, Gaå‚azka, K, Galdon Quiroga, J, Gallagher, J, Gallart, D, Galvã¡o, R, Gao, X, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia Carrasco, A, GarcÃa MuÃ±oz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gear, D, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Giegerich, T, Gil, C, Gil, L, Gilligan, S, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Girardo, J, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glã¶ggler, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodliffe, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Gowland, R, Graham, B, Graham, M, Graves, J, Grazier, N, Grazier, P, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Grundy, C, Grzonka, J, Guard, D, Guã©rard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gurl, C, Utoh, H, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hagar, A, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamlyn Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harrington, C, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Haydon, P, Hayter, N, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Hermon, G, Hertout, P, Hidalgo, C, Highcock, E, Hill, M, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, 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A., Horáček, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imríšek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Järvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednoróg, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. 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W., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano] (DENG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Centre Julich (FZJ), Institute for Plasma Research, Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa, Queen's University Belfast, University of Helsinki, CEA, Department of Applied Physics, School services, SCI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, VTT, University of Naples Federico II, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, CNR, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L'energia e l'ambiente, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Uppsala University, National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, University of Catania, Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Fusion Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Latvia, Imperial College London, CIEMAT, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, University of York, Royal Institute of Technology, Maritime University of Szczecin, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences, University of Trento, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Comenius University, University of Milan - Bicocca, National Institute for Optoelectronics, Fourth State Research, University of Texas at Austin, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Princeton University, CNRS, University of Cagliari, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, FOM Institute DIFFER, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Ghent University, J. Stefan Institute, Universite de Lorraine, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, University of California at San Diego, Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, School services, ELEC, Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Automaatio- ja systeemitekniik, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Second University of Naples, Warsaw University of Technology, Universita della Basilicata, Barcelona Supercomp. Center, Universidad de Sevilla, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Sähkötekniikan laitos, University of Rome Tor Vergata, RAS - Ioffe Physico Technical Institute, General Atomics, University of Innsbruck, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Toyama, University of Strathclyde, National Technical University of Athens, Universita della Tuscia, Technical University of Denmark, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul National University, University College Cork, Vienna University of Technology, University of Opole, Daegu University, National Fusion Research Institute, Dublin City University, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, PELIN LLC, Arizona State University, Universidad Complutense, University of Basel, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Consorzio CREATE, Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Purdue University, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, School Services, ARTS, Department of Design, University of California Office of the President, Universidade de Sao Paulo, School Services, BIZ, Department of Information and Service Management, Lithuanian Energy Institute, HRS Fusion, Politecnico di Torino, University of Cassino, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Faculdade de Engenharia
Subjects: Technology, fusion, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, DIAGNOSTICS, 01 natural sciences, ILW, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ilw, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Plasma, H-Mode Plasmas, law, ITER, Disruption Prediction, COLLISIONALITY, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES, Diagnostics, Operation, JET, plasma, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), JET, plasma, fusion, ITER, Divertor, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, DENSITY PEAKING, Carbon Wall, H-MODE PLASMAS, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Density Peaking, Neutron transport, Facing Components, Collisionality, 114 Physical sciences, Física, Física, Nuclear physics, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Pedestal, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, ddc:530, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Fusion, Physics, Physical sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Edge Localized Modes, QC717, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Reactors de fusió, Física, FACING COMPONENTS, Fusion reactors, Jet, CARBON WALL, DISRUPTION PREDICTION, OPERATION, ddc:600
Abstract: The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at ßN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1.173 autors/es: X. Litaudon35, S. Abduallev39, M. Abhangi46, P. Abreu53, M. Afzal7, K.M. Aggarwal29, T. Ahlgren101, J.H. Ahn8, L. Aho-Mantila112, N. Aiba69, M. Airila112, R. Albanese105, V. Aldred7, D. Alegre93, E. Alessi45, P. Aleynikov55, A. Alfier12, A. Alkseev72, M. Allinson7, B. Alper7, E. Alves53, G. Ambrosino105, R. Ambrosino106, L. Amicucci90, V. Amosov88, E. Andersson Sundén22, M. Angelone90, M. Anghel85, C. Angioni62, L. Appel7, C. Appelbee7, P. Arena30, M. Ariola106, H. Arnichand8, S. Arshad41, A. Ash7, N. Ashikawa68, V. Aslanyan64, O. Asunta1, F. Auriemma12, Y. Austin7, L. Avotina103, M.D. Axton7, C. Ayres7, M. Bacharis24, A. Baciero57, D. Baião53, S. Bailey7, A. Baker7, I. Balboa7, M. Balden62, N. Balshaw7, R. Bament7, J.W. Banks7, Y.F. Baranov7, M.A. Barnard7, D. Barnes7, M. Barnes27, R. Barnsley55, A. Baron Wiechec7, L. Barrera Orte34, M. Baruzzo12, V. Basiuk8, M. Bassan55, R. Bastow7, A. Batista53, P. Batistoni90, R. Baughan7, B. Bauvir55, L. Baylor73, B. Bazylev56, J. Beal110, P.S. Beaumont7, M. Beckers39, B. Beckett7, A. Becoulet8, N. Bekris35, M. Beldishevski7, K. Bell7, F. Belli90, M. Bellinger7, É. Belonohy62, N. Ben Ayed7, N.A. Benterman7, H. Bergsåker42, J. Bernardo53, M. Bernert62, M. Berry7, L. Bertalot55, C. Besliu7, M. Beurskens63, B. Bieg61, J. Bielecki47, T. Biewer73, M. Bigi12, P. Bílková50, F. Binda22, A. Bisoffi31, J.P.S. Bizarro53, C. Björkas101, J. Blackburn7, K. Blackman7, T.R. Blackman7, P. Blanchard33, P. Blatchford7, V. Bobkov62, A. Boboc7, G. Bodnár113, O. Bogar18, I. Bolshakova60, T. Bolzonella12, N. Bonanomi97, F. Bonelli56, J. Boom62, J. Booth7, D. Borba35,53, D. Borodin39, I. Borodkina39, A. Botrugno90, C. Bottereau8, P. Boulting7, C. Bourdelle8, M. Bowden7, C. Bower7, C. Bowman110, T. Boyce7, C. Boyd7, H.J. Boyer7, J.M.A. Bradshaw7, V. Braic87, R. Bravanec40, B. Breizman107, S. Bremond8, P.D. Brennan7, S. Breton8, A. Brett7, S. Brezinsek39, M.D.J. Bright7, M. Brix7, W. Broeckx78, M. Brombin12, A. Brosławski65, D.P.D. Brown7, M. Brown7, E. Bruno55, J. Bucalossi8, J. Buch46, J. Buchanan7, M.A. Buckley7, R. Budny76, H. Bufferand8, M. Bulman7, N. Bulmer7, P. Bunting7, P. Buratti90, A. Burckhart62, A. Buscarino30, A. Busse7, N.K. Butler7, I. Bykov42, J. Byrne7, P. Cahyna50, G. Calabrò90, I. Calvo57, Y. Camenen4, P. Camp7, D.C. Campling7, J. Cane7, B. Cannas17, A.J. Capel7, P.J. Card7, A. Cardinali90, P. Carman7, M. Carr7, D. Carralero62, L. Carraro12, B.B. Carvalho53, I. Carvalho53, P. Carvalho53, F.J. Casson7, C. Castaldo90, N. Catarino53, J. Caumont7, F. Causa90, R. Cavazzana12, K. Cave-Ayland7, M. Cavinato12, M. Cecconello22, S. Ceccuzzi90, E. Cecil76, A. Cenedese12, R. Cesario90, C.D. Challis7, M. Chandler7, D. Chandra46, C.S. Chang76, A. Chankin62, I.T. Chapman7, S.C. Chapman28, M. Chernyshova49, G. Chitarin12, G. Ciraolo8, D. Ciric7, J. Citrin38, F. Clairet8, E. Clark7, M. Clark7, R. Clarkson7, D. Clatworthy7, C. Clements7, M. Cleverly7, J.P. Coad7, P.A. Coates7, A. Cobalt7, V. Coccorese105, V. Cocilovo90, S. Coda33, R. Coelho53, J.W. Coenen39, I. Coffey29, L. Colas8, S. Collins7, D. Conka103, S. Conroy22, N. Conway7, D. Coombs7, D. Cooper7, S.R. Cooper7, C. Corradino30, Y. Corre8, G. Corrigan7, S. Cortes53, D. Coster62, A.S. Couchman7, M.P. Cox7, T. Craciunescu86, S. Cramp7, R. Craven7, F. Crisanti90, G. Croci97, D. Croft7, K. Crombé15, R. Crowe7, N. Cruz53, G. Cseh113, A. Cufar81, A. Cullen7, M. Curuia85, A. Czarnecka49, H. Dabirikhah7, P. Dalgliesh7, S. Dalley7, J. Dankowski47, D. Darrow76, O. Davies7, W. Davis55,76, C. Day56, I.E. Day7, M. De Bock55, A. de Castro57, E. de la Cal57, E. de la Luna57, G. De Masi12, J. L. de Pablos57, G. De Temmerman55, G. De Tommasi105, P. de Vries55, K. Deakin7, J. Deane7, F. Degli Agostini12, R. Dejarnac50, E. Delabie73, N. den Harder38, R.O. Dendy7, J. Denis8, P. Denner39, S. Devaux62,104, P. Devynck8, F. Di Maio55, A. Di Siena62, C. Di Troia90, P. Dinca86, R. D’Inca62, B. Ding51, T. Dittmar39, H. Doerk62, R.P. Doerner9, T. Donné34, S.E. Dorling7, S. Dormido-Canto93, S. Doswon7, D. Douai8, P.T. Doyle7, A. Drenik62,81, P. Drewelow63, P. Drews39, Ph. Duckworth55, R. Dumont8, P. Dumortier58, D. Dunai113, M. Dunne62, I. Ďuran50, F. Durodié58, P. Dutta46, B. P. Duval33, R. Dux62, K. Dylst78, N. Dzysiuk22, P.V. Edappala46, J. Edmond7, A.M. Edwards7, J. Edwards7, Th. Eich62, A. Ekedahl8, R. El-Jorf7, C.G. Elsmore7, M. Enachescu84, G. Ericsson22, F. Eriksson16, J. Eriksson22, L.G. 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Rubino12, L. Ruchko52, M. Ruiz94, C. Ruset86, J. Rzadkiewicz65, S. Saarelma7, R. Sabot8, E. Safi101, P. Sagar7, G. Saibene41, F. Saint-Laurent8, M. Salewski83, A. Salmi112, R. Salmon7, F. Salzedas53, D. Samaddar7, U. Samm39, D. Sandiford7, P. Santa46, M.I.K. Santala1, B. Santos53, A. Santucci90, F. Sartori41, R. Sartori41, O. Sauter33, R. Scannell7, T. Schlummer39, K. Schmid62, V. Schmidt12, S. Schmuck7, M. Schneider8, K. Schöpf102, D. Schwörer32, S.D. Scott76, G. Sergienko39, M. Sertoli62, A. Shabbir15, S.E. Sharapov7, A. Shaw7, R. Shaw7, H. Sheikh7, A. Shepherd7, A. Shevelev54, A. Shumack38, G. Sias17, M. Sibbald7, B. Sieglin62, S. Silburn7, A. Silva53, C. Silva53, P.A. Simmons7, J. Simpson7, J. Simpson-Hutchinson7, A. Sinha46, S.K. Sipilä1, A.C.C. Sips36, P. Sirén112, A. Sirinelli55, H. Sjöstrand22, M. Skiba22, R. Skilton7, K. Slabkowska49, B. Slade7, N. Smith7, P.G. Smith7, R. Smith7, T.J. Smith7, M. Smithies110, L. Snoj81, S. Soare85, E. R. Solano35,57, A. Somers32, C. Sommariva8, P. Sonato12, A. Sopplesa12, J. Sousa53, C. Sozzi45, S. Spagnolo12, T. Spelzini7, F. Spineanu86, G. Stables7, I. Stamatelatos71, M.F. Stamp7, P. Staniec7, G. Stankūnas59, C. Stan-Sion84, M.J. Stead7, E. Stefanikova42, I. Stepanov58, A.V. Stephen7, M. Stephen46, A. Stevens7, B.D. Stevens7, J. Strachan76, P. Strand16, H.R. Strauss44, P. Ström42, G. Stubbs7, W. Studholme7, F. Subba75, H.P. Summers21, J. Svensson63, Ł. Świderski65, T. Szabolics113, M. Szawlowski49, G. Szepesi7, T.T. Suzuki69, B. Tál113, T. Tala112, A.R. Talbot7, S. Talebzadeh95, C. Taliercio12, P. Tamain8, C. Tame7, W. Tang76, M. Tardocchi45, L. Taroni12, D. Taylor7, K.A. Taylor7, D. Tegnered16, G. Telesca15, N. Teplova54, D. Terranova12, D. Testa33, E. Tholerus42, J. Thomas7, J.D. Thomas7, P. Thomas55, A. Thompson7, C.-A. Thompson7, V.K. Thompson7, L. Thorne7, A. Thornton7, A.S. Thrysøe83, P.A. Tigwell7, N. Tipton7, I. Tiseanu86, H. Tojo69, M. Tokitani67, P. Tolias82, M. Tomeš50, P. Tonner7, M. Towndrow7, P. Trimble7, M. Tripsky58, M. Tsalas38, P. Tsavalas71, D. Tskhakaya jun102, I. Turner7, M.M. Turner32, M. Turnyanskiy34, G. Tvalashvili7, S.G.J. Tyrrell7, A. Uccello45, Z. Ul-Abidin7, J. Uljanovs1, D. Ulyatt7, H. Urano69, I. Uytdenhouwen78, A.P. Vadgama7, D. Valcarcel7, M. Valentinuzzi8, M. Valisa12, P. Vallejos Olivares42, M. Valovic7, M. Van De Mortel7, D. Van Eester58, W. Van Renterghem78, G.J. van Rooij38, J. Varje1, S. Varoutis56, S. Vartanian8, K. Vasava46, T. Vasilopoulou71, J. Vega57, G. Verdoolaege58, R. Verhoeven7, C. Verona95, G. Verona Rinati95, E. Veshchev55, N. Vianello45, J. Vicente53, E. Viezzer62,92, S. Villari90, F. Villone100, P. Vincenzi12, I. Vinyar74, B. Viola90, A. Vitins103, Z. Vizvary7, M. Vlad86, I. Voitsekhovitch34, P. Vondráček50, N. Vora7, T. Vu8, W.W. Pires de Sa52, B. Wakeling7, C.W.F. Waldon7, N. Walkden7, M. Walker7, R. Walker7, M. Walsh55, E. Wang39, N. Wang39, S. Warder7, R.J. Warren7, J. Waterhouse7, N.W. Watkins28, C. Watts55, T. Wauters58, A. Weckmann42, J. Weiland23, H. Weisen33, M. Weiszflog22, C. Wellstood7, A.T. West7, M.R. Wheatley7, S. Whetham7, A.M. Whitehead7, B.D. Whitehead7, A.M. Widdowson7, S. Wiesen39, J. Wilkinson7, J. Williams7, M. Williams7, A.R. Wilson7, D.J. Wilson7, H.R. Wilson110, J. Wilson7, M. Wischmeier62, G. Withenshaw7, A. Withycombe7, D.M. Witts7, D. Wood7, R. Wood7, C. Woodley7, S. Wray7, J. Wright7, J.C. Wright64, J. Wu89, S. Wukitch64, A. Wynn110, T. Xu7, D. Yadikin16, W. Yanling39, L. Yao89, V. Yavorskij102, M.G. Yoo80, C. Young7, D. Young7, I.D. Young7, R. Young7, J. Zacks7, R. Zagorski49, F.S. Zaitsev18, R. Zanino75, A. Zarins103, K.D. Zastrow7, M. Zerbini90, W. Zhang62, Y. Zhou42, E. Zilli12, V. Zoita86, S. Zoletnik113, I. Zychor65 and JET Contributorsa // EUROfusion Consortium JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 1 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland / 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France / 3 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France / 4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France / 5 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America / 6 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain / 7 CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 8 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 9 Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America / 10 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud, 160, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22290-180, Brazil / 11 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 12 Consorzio RFX, corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy / 13 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea / 14 Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain / 15 Department of Applied Physics UG (Ghent University) St-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium / 16 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 17 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy / 18 Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia / 19 Department of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PL-01-152 Warsaw, Poland / 20 Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea / 21 Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, United Kingdom / 22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden / 23 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 24 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom / 25 Department of Physics, SCI, KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden / 26 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland / 27 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom / 28 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom / 29 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom / 30 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy / 31 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy / 32 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland / 33 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland / 34 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany / 35 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 36 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium / 37 Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, ULB—Campus Plaine—CP 231 Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium / 38 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands / 39 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany / 40 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America / 41 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain / 42 Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden / 43 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America / 44 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America / 45 IFP-CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy / 46 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, Gujarat State, India / 47 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland / 48 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland / 49 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland / 50 Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia / 51 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China / 52 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187 CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil / 53 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal / 54 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation / 55 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 56 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany / 57 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain / 58 Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium / 59 Lithuanian energy institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania / 60 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine / 61 Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland / 62 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany / 63 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany / 64 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Centre, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America / 65 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland / 66 National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea / 67 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan / 68 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan / 69 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan / 70 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece / 71 NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece / 72 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation / 73 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America / 74 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation / 75 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy / 76 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America / 77 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America / 78 SCK-CEN, Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium / 79 Second University of Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 80 Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea / 81 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia / 82 Space and Plasma Physics, EES, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden / 83 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark / 84 The ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 85 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania / 86 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 87 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 88 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation / 89 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China / 90 Unità Tecnica Fusione, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy / 91 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain / 92 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain / 93 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain / 94 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain / 95 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy / 96 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland / 97 University Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy / 98 University of Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 99 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America / 100 University of Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 101 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland / 102 University of Innsbruck, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Innsbruck, Austria / 103 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia / 104 University of Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7198, YIJL, Nancy, France / 105 University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 106 University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 107 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America / 108 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan / 109 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy / 110 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom / 111 Vienna University of Technology, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria / 112 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland / 113 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
Published: 2017
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21. Design concepts of machine upgrades for the RFX-mod experiment

Author: L. Trevisan, Alessandra Canton, Nicolò Marconato, Marco Valisa, Giuseppe Marchiori, Matteo Agostini, Maria Ester Puiatti, Piergiorgio Sonato, Matteo Vallar, Nisarg Patel, R. Delogu, Piero Agostinetti, Simone Peruzzo, Monica Spolaore, Samuele Dal Bello, Alessandro Fassina, P. Vincenzi, Lionello Marrelli, Roberto Cavazzana, Tommaso Bolzonella, Luca Grando, P. Zanca, Lorella Carraro, M. Siragusa, Gianluca De Masi, Paolo Scarin, A. Zamengo, Mauro Dalla Palma, Paolo Innocente, Paolo Bettini, Marco Bernardi, and Loris Zanotto
Subjects: Tokamak, Computer science, Mechanical engineering, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Vacuum sealing, General Materials Science, Ceramic-metal brazing, Fusion devices, RFP configuration, Civil and Structural Engineering, Materials Science (all), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, 010306 general physics, Resistive touchscreen, Toroid, Reversed field pinch, Upgrade, Magnet, Magnetohydrodynamics, Engineering design process
Abstract: After 10 years of operation since its major modification, an upgrade of the RFX-mod experiment is presently under design. The scientific objective is the improvement of 3D physics studies through a more robust transition to higher confinement regimes in both Reversed Field Pinch (RFP) and Tokamak configuration obtained thanks to an advanced system for the active control of MHD instabilities. The main design driver requirements for this machine upgrade are the removal of the present resistive vacuum vessel and the enhancement of the ‘shell-plasma proximity’, to reduce the deformation of the last close magnetic surface and to improve the self-organized helical plasma regimes. The fulfillment of these requirements implies a major change of the internal components of the machine such as the replacement of the whole first wall, the change of the support system of the stabilizing shell and the modification of the present toroidal support structure to provide the function of vacuum barrier. In combination, other components of the machine will be upgraded, such as magnets and power supply, diagnostic systems and a NBI will be integrated. The paper presents an overview of the engineering design of the new components and highlights the critical aspects of the new torus assembly.
Published: 2017
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22. Electro-mechanical connection system for ITER in-vessel magnetic sensors

Author: Nicolò Marconato, Adrian Williams, George Vayakis, W. Gonzalez, M. Brombin, Andrea Rizzolo, S. Arshad, Y. Ma, and Simone Peruzzo
Subjects: Electrical connection, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Blanket, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic interference, Finite element method, Magnetic diagnostics, Remote maintenance, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Metrology, Magnetic field, Civil and Structural Engineering, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Materials Science (all), EMI, 0103 physical sciences, Electromagnetic shielding, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics
Abstract: This paper presents the preliminary design of the "In-Vessel Magnetic platform", which is a subsystem of the magnetic diagnostics formed by all the components necessary for guaranteeing the thermomechanical interface of the actual magnetic sensors with the vacuum vessel (VV), their protection and the electrical connection to the in-vessel wiring for the transmission of the detected signal with a minimum level of noise. The design has been developed in order to comply with different functional requirements: the mechanical attachment to the VV; the electrical connection to the in-vessel wiring; efficient heat transfer to the VV; the compatibility with Remote Handling (RH) system for replacement; the integration of metrology features for post-installation control; the Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) shielding from Electron Cyclotron Heating (ECH) stray radiation without compromising the sensor pass band (15 kHz). Significant effort has been dedicated to develop the CAD model, integrated within the ITER In-Vessel configuration model, taking care of the geometrical compliance with the Blanket modules (modified in order to accommodate the magnetic sensors in suitable grooves) and the RH compatibility. Thorough thermo-mechanical and electro-magnetic Finite Element Method (FEM) analyses have been performed to assess the reliability of the system in standard and off-normal operating conditions for the low frequency magnetic sensors. (C) 2016 Consorzio RFX. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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23. Progress in the realization of the PRIMA neutral beam test facility

Author: D. Gutierrez, S. Dal Bello, A. De Lorenzi, M. Bandyopadhyay, J. Graceffa, Emanuele Sartori, V. Antoni, R. Andreani, V. N. Muvvala, P. Zaccaria, G. Gambetta, M. Boldrin, Riccardo Nocentini, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Bigi, A. Fiorentin, L. Fellin, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, Giuseppe Chitarin, A. Muraro, Mieko Kashiwagi, Piero Agostinetti, Lennart Svensson, Federica Bonomo, Nicolò Marconato, G. Mico, Giuseppe Gorini, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Moresco, M. De Muri, D. Boilson, Alberto Ferro, M. Spolaore, Ashish Yadav, Francesco Gnesotto, Barbara Zaniol, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Battistella, V. Pilard, Marco D’Arienzo, T. Maeshima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Silvia Spagnolo, Tullio Bonicelli, A.K. Chakraborty, Veena Gupta, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Nicola Pilan, E. Ocello, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, P. Sonato, M. Fröschle, N. Fonnesu, N. Pomaro, Vanni Toigo, R. Delogu, F. Paolucci, Adriano Luchetta, S. Hanke, Marco Cavenago, G. Agarici, A. Maistrello, M. Brombin, Marco Barbisan, A. Coniglio, M. Simon, M. Tardocchi, A. Patel, H.P.L. de Esch, G. Gomez, R. Dave, Andrea Rizzolo, Diego Marcuzzi, H. Yamanaka, E. Bragulat, Pierluigi Veltri, Namita Singh, Atsushi Kojima, A. Thakkar, M. Zaupa, Ursel Fantz, M. Valente, Luca Grando, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Hiroyuki Tobari, D. Parmar, Paolo Bettini, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Recchia, R. Riedl, Bernd Heinemann, P. Franzen, C. Rotti, G. Rostagni, G. Roopesh, J.F. Moreno, P. Blatchford, W. Kraus, R.S. Hemsworth, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Zanotto, Naotaka Umeda, Masaya Hanada, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Christopher D. Hardie, Gabriele Manduchi, Gianluigi Serianni, A. Masiello, B. Chuilon, Hitesh Patel, Toigo, V, Boilson, D, Bonicelli, T, Piovan, R, Hanada, M, Chakraborty, A, Agarici, G, Antoni, V, Baruah, U, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Decamps, H, Graceffa, J, Kashiwagi, M, Hemsworth, R, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, H, Pomaro, N, Rotti, C, Serianni, G, Simon, M, Singh, M, Singh, N, Svensson, L, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Zaccaria, P, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Aprile, D, Bandyopadhyay, M, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Bettini, P, Blatchford, P, Boldrin, M, Bonomo, F, Bragulat, E, Brombin, M, Cavenago, M, Chuilon, B, Coniglio, A, Croci, G, Dalla Palma, M, D'Arienzo, M, Dave, R, De Esch, H, De Lorenzi, A, De Muri, M, Delogu, R, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Fellin, F, Fellin, L, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Fonnesu, N, Franzen, P, Fröschle, M, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gomez, G, Gnesotto, F, Gorini, G, Grando, L, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, D, Hanke, S, Hardie, C, Heinemann, B, Kojima, A, Kraus, W, Maeshima, T, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Muvvala, V, Nocentini, R, Ocello, E, Ochoa, S, Parmar, D, Patel, A, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pilard, V, Recchia, M, Riedl, R, Rizzolo, A, Roopesh, G, Rostagni, G, Sandri, S, Sartori, E, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Thakkar, A, Umeda, N, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Yadav, A, Yamanaka, H, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, and Zaupa, M
Subjects: ITER, negative neutral beam, PRIMA test facility, RF ion source, 1 MV acceleration voltage, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Test facility, Nuclear engineering, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, 1 MV acceleration voltage, Condensed Matter Physics, Deuterium ions, RF ion source, ITER, negative neutral beam, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Realization (systems), Beam (structure), PRIMA test facility, media_common
Abstract: The ITER project requires additional heating by two neutral beam injectors, each accelerating to 1 MV a 40 A beam of negative deuterium ions, to deliver to the plasma a power of about 17 MW for one hour. As these requirements have never been experimentally met, it was recognized as necessary to setup a test facility, PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), in Italy, including a full-size negative ion source, SPIDER, and a prototype of the whole ITER injector, MITICA, aiming to develop the heating injectors to be installed in ITER. This realization is made with the main contribution of the European Union, through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), the ITER Organization and Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility. The Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) participate in the PRIMA enterprise; European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFE-Culham, CEA-Cadarache and others are also cooperating. Presently, the assembly of SPIDER is on-going and the MITICA design is being completed. The paper gives a general overview of the test facility and of the status of development of the MITICA and SPIDER main components at this important stage of the overall development; then it focuses on the latest and most critical issues, regarding both physics and technology, describing the identified solutions.
Published: 2015
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24. R&D on ITER in-vessel magnetic sensors

Author: M. Brombin, Luca Grando, W. Gonzalez, S. Arshad, Ludo Vermeeren, Giuseppe Chitarin, Andrea Rizzolo, M. Portales, Simone Peruzzo, and George Vayakis
Subjects: ITER International thermonuclear reactor, Computer science, Design activities, Mechanical Engineering, Iter tokamak, Field (computer science), Plasma diagnostics, magnetic sensors, LTCC technology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, ITER, Systems engineering, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: This paper summarizes the progress of R&D activities related to the design of in-vessel magnetic sensors for measurement of the equilibrium field in ITER and the associated mechanical support and connection system. The background to the design activities, developed in the last few years in the framework of several collaborations, is provided in the introduction. The paper focuses on the experimental results obtained from a set of sensor prototypes, recently manufactured and tested, and on numerical simulations performed in order to verify the compliance of the sensors with ITER requirements. The paper finally illustrates the status of the engineering analyses performed to progress the design of the support and connection system, conceived to be replaceable by remote handling. In conclusion, specific issues which require further developments to achieve the final design are outlined.
Published: 2013
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25. Control of the magnetic field configuration in the MITICA Neutral beam injector

Author: Gianluigi Serianni, Simone Peruzzo, Piergiorgio Sonato, Pierluigi Veltri, Giuseppe Chitarin, Nicolò Marconato, Luca Grando, D. Aprile, Paolo Bettini, and Piero Agostinetti
Subjects: Physics, Magnetic field optimization, Nuclear engineering, Magnetic confinement fusion, Neutral beam injector, Beam optics, Injector, Plasma, Negative ion accelerator, law.invention, Magnetic field, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: MITICA is a prototype of the Heating Neutral Beam (HNB) Injectors for ITER [1]. The MITICA scientific objective is to validate the design and optimize the operating performances of the injector before installation on ITER. The magnetic field configuration in the injector is critical for obtaining the required efficiency and beam optics. In order to quickly achieve the optimal operating condition, it is highly advisable to provide a flexible control of the most critical features of the magnetic field, without opening the vacuum vessel. The possibility of introducing an independent variation of the magnetic field in the plasma source and in the accelerator has been analyzed and a feasible solution proposed, based on small lateral coils. The possibility of recreating the expected stray magnetic field conditions of the ITER HNB was already foreseen in the past by using a further set of external coils, whose design has been revised and updated. The paper describes the rationale and the magnetic design optimization of these systems.
Published: 2013

26. Radiation Environment in the ITER Neutral Beam Injector Prototype

Author: Antonio De Lorenzi, Alessandro Paccagnella, Simone Peruzzo, Marco D’Arienzo, Sandro Sandri, A. Coniglio, Marta Bagatin, Roberto Pasqualotto, and Simone Gerardin
Subjects: Neutral Beam Injector, inorganic chemicals, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Nuclear engineering, Monte Carlo method, Radiation, law.invention, Ionizing radiation, Nuclear physics, law, Neutron, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, iter, electronics, technology, industry, and agriculture, Injector, Fusion power, single event effects, radiation effects, total ionizing dose, Radiation Effects, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Fusion Energy, Absorbed dose, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract: We study the radiation environment in MITICA, the prototype of the ITER neutral beam injector, during deuterium operation. ITER is a scientific challenge: one of the several critical issues to solve is the compatibility to ionizing radiation of diagnostics components placed near the plasma vessel. In fact, non negligible fluxes of neutrons and photons are expected from deuterium-deuterium reactions, also from a major peripheral component such as the Neutral Beam Injector. After evaluating the results of Monte Carlo simulations on the expected environment, we determine the risk of malfunctions due to ionizing radiation in control and diagnostic electronics placed close to the injector vessel. The risk on different families of electronic devices is assessed, focusing separately on displacement damage, total ionizing dose, and single event effects.
Published: 2012
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27. R&D on ITER in-vessel magnetic sensors

Author: Simone Peruzzo, Matteo Brombin, Giuseppe Chitarin, Winder Gonzalez, and George Vayakis
Published: 2012

28. Overview of the RFX fusion science program

Author: M. Gobbin, Roberto Pasqualotto, D. Bonfiglio, Enrico Zilli, Giuseppe Marchiori, Piero Martin, S. Martini, Fulvio Auriemma, E. Gazza, D.K. Mansfield, P. Zaccaria, Piergiorgio Sonato, S. Ortolani, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, D. Yadikin, Stefano Munaretto, L. Piron, M. Valisa, Fabio Sattin, Susanna Cappello, G. V. Perverezev, F. Milani, Roberto Paccagnella, Paolo Bettini, S. Fiameni, Roscoe White, A. Ruzzon, V. Antoni, Leonardo Giudicotti, Yueqiang Liu, Lionello Marrelli, Nicola Vianello, S. Dal Bello, A. Scaggion, V. Rigato, Fabio Villone, A. Zamengo, Federica Bonomo, R. Cavazzana, M. Baruzzo, L. Carraro, F. Fantini, Giuseppe Zollino, Barbara Zaniol, Rita Lorenzini, Luis Chacon, X. Garbet, C. Angioni, Andrea Rizzolo, G. De Masi, G. Rostagni, W. A. Cooper, Manabu Takechi, Piero Agostinetti, Paolo Scarin, A. Pizzimenti, Yongkyoon In, Sheena Menmuir, Silvia Spagnolo, M. Moresco, Satoru Kiyama, S. P. Hirshman, M. Okabayashi, Giuseppe Chitarin, S. C. Guo, Gabriele Manduchi, Dominique Escande, Gianluigi Serianni, Alessandro Fassina, Luca Grando, Simona Barison, Allen H. Boozer, Michael Drevlak, Diego Marcuzzi, M. Pavei, J.Q. Dong, Anton Soppelsa, B. Momo, Gianluca Spizzo, Hajime Sakakita, Neil Pomphrey, Shunsuke Ide, Donald A. Spong, J. S. Sarff, Alessandra Canton, D. Lopez Bruna, M. Brombin, Matteo Zuin, T. Bolzonella, R. Piovan, Songfen Liu, Alberto Ferro, Italo Predebon, V. Igochine, L. Zanotto, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, P. Piovesan, Cesare Taliercio, J. Adamek, Go Matsunaga, P. Zanca, A. Buffa, M. Veranda, N. Pomaro, M. Spolaore, Oliviero Barana, Francesco Gnesotto, Emilio Martines, M. Dalla Palma, Paolo Franz, David Terranova, Yoichi Hirano, Matteo Agostini, G. Mazzitelli, Alberto Alfier, L. Novello, Vanni Toigo, M. Boldrin, R. Delogu, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Maria Ester Puiatti, A. Fiorentin, Karsten McCollam, E. Spada, M. Cavinato, A. De Lorenzi, L. Apolloni, J. Brotankova, F. Fellin, P. Innocente, Raul Sanchez, Zhirui Wang, Adriano Luchetta, Martin, P, Adamek, J, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Alfier, A, Angioni, C, Antoni, V, Apolloni, L, Auriemma, F, Barana, O, Barison, S, Baruzzo, M, Bettini, P, Boldrin, M, Bolzonella, T, Bonfiglio, D, Bonomo, F, Boozer, A, Brombin, M, Brotankova, J, Buffa, A, Canton, A, Cappello, S, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cavinato, M, Chacon, L, Chitarin, G, Cooper, W, Dal Bello, S, Dalla Palma, M, Delogu, R, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Dong, J, Drevlak, M, Escande, D, Fantini, F, Fassina, A, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiameni, S, Fiorentin, A, Franz, P, Gaio, E, Garbet, X, Gazza, E, Giudicotti, L, Gnesotto, F, Gobbin, M, Grando, L, Guo, S, Hirano, Y, Hirshman, S, Ide, S, Igochine, V, In, Y, Innocente, P, Kiyama, S, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Luchetta, A, Manduchi, G, Mansfield, D, Marchiori, G, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martini, S, Matsunaga, G, Martines, E, Mazzitelli, G, Mccollam, K, Menmuir, S, Milani, F, Momo, B, Moresco, M, Munaretto, S, Novello, L, Okabayashi, M, Ortolani, S, Paccagnella, R, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Perverezev, G, Peruzzo, S, Piovan, R, Piovesan, P, Piron, L, Pizzimenti, A, Pomaro, N, Pomphrey, N, Predebon, I, Puiatti, M, Rigato, V, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Rubinacci, G, Ruzzon, A, Sakakita, H, Sanchez, R, Sarff, J, Sattin, F, Scaggion, A, Scarin, P, Schneider, W, Serianni, G, Sonato, P, Spada, E, Soppelsa, A, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Spong, D, Spizzo, G, Takechi, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Toigo, V, Valisa, M, Veranda, M, Vianello, N, Villone, F, Wang, Z, White, R, Yadikin, D, Zaccaria, P, Zamengo, A, Zanca, P, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zilli, E, Zollino, G, Zuin, M, Martin, P., Adamek, J., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Alfier, A., Angioni, C., Antoni, V., Apolloni, L., Auriemma, F., Barana, O., Barison, S., Baruzzo, M., Bettini, P., Boldrin, M., Bolzonella, T., Bonfiglio, D., Bonomo, F., Boozer, A. H., Brombin, M., Brotankova, J., Buffa, A., Canton, A., Cappello, S., Carraro, L., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Chacon, L., Chitarin, G., Cooper, W. A., Bello, S. D., Palma, M. D., Delogu, R., Lorenzi, A. D., Masi, G. D., Dong, J. Q., Drevlak, M., Escande, D. F., Fantini, F., Fassina, A., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Fiameni, S., Fiorentin, A., Franz, P., Gaio, E., Garbet, X., Gazza, E., Giudicotti, L., Gnesotto, F., Gobbin, M., Grando, L., Guo, S. C., Hirano, Y., Hirshman, S. P., Ide, S., Igochine, V., In, Y., Innocente, P., Kiyama, S., Liu, S. F., Liu, Y. Q., Bruna, D. L., Lorenzini, R., Luchetta, A., Manduchi, G., Mansfield, D. K., Marchiori, G., Marcuzzi, D., Marrelli, L., Martini, S., Matsunaga, G., Martines, E., Mazzitelli, G., Mccollam, K., Menmuir, S., Milani, F., Momo, B., Moresco, M., Munaretto, S., Novello, L., Okabayashi, M., Ortolani, S., Paccagnella, R., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Perverezev, G. V., Peruzzo, S., Piovan, R., Piovesan, P., Piron, L., Pizzimenti, A., Pomaro, N., Pomphrey, N., Predebon, I., Puiatti, M. E., Rigato, V., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Rubinacci, Guglielmo, Ruzzon, A., Sakakita, H., Sanchez, R., Sarff, J. S., Sattin, F., Scaggion, A., Scarin, P., Schneider, W., Serianni, G., Sonato, P., Spada, E., Soppelsa, A., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Spong, D. A., Spizzo, G., Takechi, M., Taliercio, C., Terranova, D., Toigo, V., Valisa, M., Veranda, M., Vianello, N., Villone, F., Wang, Z., White, R. B., Yadikin, D., Zaccaria, P., Zamengo, A., Zanca, P., Zaniol, B., Zanotto, L., Zilli, E., Zollino, G., and Zuin, M.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, RFX-mod, Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, PLASMAS, CONFINEMENT, reversed field pinch, magnetic confinement, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, RFP, Scaling, Mod, Physics, Reversed field pinch, STABILITY, Magnetic confinement fusion, INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER, Plasma, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Stellarator
Abstract: This paper summarizes the main achievements of the RFX fusion science program in the period between the 2008 and 2010 IAEA Fusion Energy Conferences. RFX-mod is the largest reversed field pinch in the world, equipped with a system of 192 coils for active control of MHD stability. The discovery and understanding of helical states with electron internal transport barriers and core electron temperature >1.5 keV significantly advances the perspectives of the configuration. Optimized experiments with plasma current up to 1.8 MA have been realized, confirming positive scaling. The first evidence of edge transport barriers is presented. Progress has been made also in the control of first-wall properties and of density profiles, with initial first-wall lithization experiments. Micro-turbulence mechanisms such as ion temperature gradient and micro-tearing are discussed in the framework of understanding gradient-driven transport in low magnetic chaos helical regimes. Both tearing mode and resistive wall mode active control have been optimized and experimental data have been used to benchmark numerical codes. The RFX programme also provides important results for the fusion community and in particular for tokamaks and stellarators on feedback control of MHD stability and on three-dimensional physics. On the latter topic, the result of the application of stellarator codes to describe three-dimensional reversed field pinch physics will be presented. © 2011 IAEA, Vienna.
Published: 2011
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29. Integrated procedure for halo current reconstruction in ITER

Author: Anton Soppelsa, Simone Peruzzo, Raffaele Albanese, Paolo Bettini, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Caputano, Nicolò Marconato, Fabio Villone, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Peruzzo, S., Bettini, P., Marconato, N., Soppelsa, A., Albanese, Raffaele, Caputano, M., Mattei, M., Rubinacci, Guglielmo, Villone, F., Albanese, R., Mattei, Massimiliano, Rubinacci, G., and Rubinacci G., Villone
Subjects: halo current, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, reconstruction algorithms, Nuclear engineering, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Integration, magnetic diagnostics, Condensed Matter Physics, Diagnostic system, Computational electromagnetics, Halo currents, ITER, Magnetic diagnostic, Reconstruction algorithms, VDE, ITER, vertical displacement event (VDE), Electronic engineering, Plasma diagnostics, Halo, Computational electromagnetic, Aerospace engineering, Current (fluid), Atomic physics, business, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: The paper describes an integrated procedure for the reconstruction of halo currents expected in ITER. The procedure is based on simulation and reconstruction codes, partially adapted from existing codes and partly developed specifically for this purpose. The ultimate goal of this integrated procedure is the assessment of the performance and the possible optimization of the halo current diagnostic system foreseen in ITER. The preliminary results indicate that an alternative distribution of the present layout of halo current sensors could improve the reconstruction capability of this diagnostic system. © 2011 IEEE.
Published: 2011
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30. Technology developments for ITER in-vessel equilibrium magnetic sensors

Author: A. Gallo, R. Delogu, Simone Peruzzo, and Giuseppe Chitarin
Subjects: Materials science, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Fusion power, Neutron radiation, Conductor, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Stack (abstract data type), law, visual_art, ITER, Thermal, visual_art.visual_art_medium, magnetic sensors, plasma equilibrium, General Materials Science, Ceramic, Civil and Structural Engineering, Electronic circuit
Abstract: The ITER magnetic equilibrium sensors will be installed in a hostile environment characterized by severe neutron radiation and heat loads, which can cause undesired spurious signals and compromise the accuracy of the measurements obtained by time-integration. The paper deals with the construction and tests of prototype in-vessel pick-up coils, which have been developed aiming at the reduction of the adverse effects of neutron radiation by using suitable materials and by minimizing the thermal gradients. A first solution based on a winding made of a flexible ceramic-coated conductor (instead of a Mineral Insulated Cables) and “impregnated” with ceramic filler has been implemented and tested. A second solution based on coils constituted by a stack of circuits printed on a ceramic substrate sintered in one piece has also been developed and tested with positive results. The paper describes the design developments, the rationale for the test and discusses the results and the developments necessary for the production of reliable equilibrium sensors for ITER.
Published: 2009

31. Overview of RFX-mod results

Author: R. Paccagnella, Cesare Taliercio, J. Adamek, V. Antoni, A. Pizzimenti, Gianluca Spizzo, Gabriele Manduchi, E. Spada, Vanni Toigo, D. Terranova, Alberto Ferro, N. Pomaro, P. Zaccaria, Rita Lorenzini, B. E. Chapman, Piero Martin, L. Guazzotto, A. Zamengo, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, Italo Predebon, V. Igochine, F. Milani, M. Spolaore, Oliviero Barana, Francesco Gnesotto, Alessandro Fassina, Giuseppe Marchiori, E. Gazza, G. Serianni, L. Zanotto, Piergiorgio Sonato, L. Piron, A. De Lorenzi, Diego Marcuzzi, Alessandra Canton, Matteo Zuin, T. Bolzonella, Federica Bonomo, Fabio Villone, M. Valisa, S. Cappello, H. Zohm, R. Cavazzana, J. Brotankova, Maria Ester Puiatti, M. Gobbin, P. Scarin, P. Zanca, Silvia Spagnolo, M. Baruzzo, Lionello Marrelli, Fabio Sattin, A. Buffa, Nicola Vianello, Fulvio Auriemma, Karsten McCollam, S. Ortolani, J. S. Sarff, S. Dal Bello, M. Cavinato, Paolo Bettini, P. Piovesan, G. Rostagni, P. Innocente, P. Buratti, M. Moresco, Roscoe White, Leonardo Giudicotti, Anton Soppelsa, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Sheena Menmuir, Emilio Martines, Paolo Franz, L. Carraro, D. Bonfiglio, Enrico Zilli, S. Martini, G. De Masi, L. Apolloni, Giuseppe Chitarin, M. Brombin, R. Piovan, Matteo Agostini, J.A. Reusch, Barbara Zaniol, Yueqiang Liu, S. C. Guo, Dominique Escande, S.V. Annibaldi, Alberto Alfier, L. Novello, Luca Grando, Adriano Luchetta, Roberto Pasqualotto, D. Yadikin, Martin, P, Apolloni, L, Puiatti, M, Adamek, J, Agostini, M, Alfier, A, Annibaldi, S, Antoni, V, Auriemma, F, Barana, O, Baruzzo, M, Bettini, P, Bolzonella, T, Bonfiglio, D, Bonomo, F, Brombin, M, Brotankova, J, Buffa, A, Buratti, P, Canton, A, Cappello, S, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cavinato, M, Chapman, B, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Escande, D, Fassina, A, Ferro, A, Franz, P, Gaio, E, Gazza, E, Giudicotti, L, Gnesotto, F, Gobbin, M, Grando, L, Guazzotto, L, Guo, S, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Liu, Y, Lorenzini, R, Luchetta, A, Manduchi, G, Marchiori, G, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martini, S, Martines, E, Mccollam, K, Menmuir, S, Milani, F, Moresco, M, Novello, L, Ortolani, S, Paccagnella, R, Pasqualotto, R, Peruzzo, S, Piovan, R, Piovesan, P, Piron, L, Pizzimenti, A, Pomaro, N, Predebon, I, Reusch, J, Rostagni, G, Rubinacci, G, Sarff, J, Sattin, F, Scarin, P, Serianni, G, Sonato, P, Spada, E, Soppelsa, A, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Spizzo, G, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Toigo, V, Valisa, M, Vianello, N, Villone, F, White, R, Yadikin, D, Zaccaria, P, Zamengo, A, Zanca, P, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zilli, E, Zohm, H, Zuin, M, Martin, P., Apolloni, L., Puiatti, M. E., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Alfier, A., Annibaldi, S. V., Antoni, V., Auriemma, F., Barana, O., Baruzzo, M., Bettini, P., Bolzonella, T., Bonfiglio, D., Bonomo, F., Brombin, M., Brotankova, J., Buffa, A., Buratti, P., Canton, A., Cappello, S., Carraro, L., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Chapman, B. E., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., De Lorenzi, A., De Masi, G., Escande, D. F., Fassina, A., Ferro, A., Franz, P., Gaio, E., Gazza, E., Giudicotti, L., Gnesotto, F., Gobbin, M., Grando, L., Guazzotto, L., Guo, S. C., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Liu, Y. Q., Lorenzini, R., Luchetta, A., Manduchi, G., Marchiori, G., Marcuzzi, D., Marrelli, L., Martini, S., Martines, E., Mccollam, K., Menmuir, S., Milani, F., Moresco, M., Novello, L., Ortolani, S., Paccagnella, R., Pasqualotto, R., Peruzzo, S., Piovan, R., Piovesan, P., Piron, L., Pizzimenti, A., Pomaro, N., Predebon, I., Reusch, J. A., Rostagni, G., Rubinacci, Guglielmo, Sarff, J. S., Sattin, F., Scarin, P., Serianni, G., Sonato, P., Spada, E., Soppelsa, A., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Spizzo, G., Taliercio, C., Terranova, D., Toigo, V., Valisa, M., Vianello, N., Villone, F., White, R. B., Yadikin, D., Zaccaria, P., Zamengo, A., Zanca, P., Zaniol, B., Zanotto, L., Zilli, E., Zohm, H., and Zuin, M.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Leading edge, Tokamak, RFX-mod, Reversed field pinch, MHD, magnetic confinement, Magnetic confinement fusion, reversed field pinch, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, TRANSPORT, law.invention, LUNDQUIST NUMBER, Nuclear physics, REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH, EDGE, law, RFP, Electron temperature, Magnetohydrodynamics, Plasma stability
Abstract: With the exploration of the MA plasma current regime in up to 0.5 s long discharges, RFX-mod has opened new and very promising perspectives for the reversed field pinch (RFP) magnetic configuration, and has made significant progress in understanding and improving confinement and in controlling plasma stability. A big leap with respect to previous knowledge and expectations on RFP physics and performance has been made by RFX-mod since the last 2006 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference. A new self-organized helical equilibrium has been experimentally achieved (the Single Helical Axis - SHAx - state), which is the preferred state at high current. Strong core electron transport barriers characterize this regime, with electron temperature gradients comparable to those achieved in tokamaks, and by a factor of 4 improvement in confinement time with respect to the standard RFP. RFX-mod is also providing leading edge results on real-time feedback control of MHD instabilities, of general interest for the fusion community. © 2009 IAEA, Vienna.
Published: 2009
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32. The magnetics diagnostic set for ITER

Author: J-M Moret, Simone Peruzzo, E.R. Hodgson, A. Gallo, J. Roméro, D. Testa, L.C. Ingesson, A. Le-Luyer, Rafael Vila, M. Toussaint, René Chavan, Giuseppe Chitarin, George Vayakis, J.B. Lister, R. Delogu, A. Encheva, and Ph. Moreau
Subjects: magnetic equilibrium, ITER, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear physics, Procurement, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Risk analysis (engineering), Failure risk, General Materials Science, Set (psychology), Reliability (statistics), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The current status of the ITER magnetics diagnostic is summarised. The various risks are discussed on the basis of when they could be present during ITER operation and appropriate mitigation is reviewed. An implementation risk or common mode operation failure risk to the magnetic diagnostic can only be mitigated by diversity. All identified risks are being handled with ongoing research and development to minimise these risks. A reasonable level of design and manufacturing diversity has been therefore introduced in the procurement and installation plans, in order to optimise overall reliability avoiding dispersion of resources. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2009

33. Progress in Understanding Halo Current at JET

Author: N. Pomaro, G. Sergienko, Jet-Efda Contributors, S. Hacquin, Piergiorgio Sonato, N. Lam, T. N. Todd, Diego Marcuzzi, R. Delogu, D. F. Howell, G. Arnoux, E. Joffrin, V. Riccardo, H. Leggate, A. Huber, J. Hobirk, A.V. Stephen, Elisabeth Rachlew, P. Beaumont, M. Zerbini, Luca Grando, Simone Peruzzo, and R. Koslowski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Iter tokamak, Magnetic confinement fusion, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear physics, Computer Science::Programming Languages, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Halo, Current (fluid), Current density, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The poloidal distribution of the halo current density on the top dump plate in JET can now be measured thanks to a new set of Rogowskii coils. These are the first measurements in JET able to offer an insight in the width of the halo current interaction with the wall. Therefore they offer both validation of the assumption made for JET disruption design criteria and one additional point in the extrapolation of the expected halo current width, and hence halo current density (and related local electro-mechanical loads on in-vessel components) for ITER. During upward events, the measured current density is consistent with the measured total poloidal halo current. The halo footprint extends over most of the upper dump plate, converting to a halo current flux tube width of ∼100 mm. A set of four toridal field pick-up coils installed 90° apart now allows a more accurate measurement of the poloidal halo current, in particular its toroidal peaking factor, and direct comparison between halo and plasma asymmetries.
Published: 2009
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34. High current regimes in RFX-mod

Author: Cesare Taliercio, V. Antoni, Gabriele Manduchi, Fulvio Auriemma, Alberto Alfier, S. Dal Bello, L. Apolloni, L. Carraro, Gianluigi Serianni, S. Ortolani, Fabio Sattin, D. Marcuzzi, M. Baruzzo, Alessandro Fassina, Giuseppe Chitarin, Paolo Bettini, P. Innocente, M. Spolaore, Oliviero Barana, Alessandra Canton, N. Pomaro, Matteo Zuin, Francesco Gnesotto, D. Bonfiglio, Enrico Zilli, G. Rostagni, S. Martini, Piergiorgio Sonato, V. Toigo, David Terranova, Gianluca Spizzo, F. Milani, Anton Soppelsa, A. De Lorenzi, M. Gobbin, M. Moresco, Roberto Paccagnella, Italo Predebon, D. Yadikin, Piero Martin, L. Guazzotto, E. Gazza, Matteo Agostini, Federica Bonomo, Lionello Marrelli, Tommaso Bolzonella, Nicola Vianello, P. Zanca, R. Cavazzana, A. Buffa, Emilio Martines, Rita Lorenzini, Leonardo Giudicotti, M. Brombin, Silvia Spagnolo, Paolo Franz, Paolo Scarin, P. Buratti, Giuseppe Marchiori, R. Piovan, L. Zanotto, P. Piovesan, M. Valisa, Maria Ester Puiatti, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, V. Igochine, Karsten McCollam, E. Spada, M. Cavinato, Susanna Cappello, G. De Masi, Andrea Pizzimenti, S. C. Guo, Dominique Escande, Luca Grando, Barbara Zaniol, P. Zaccaria, Adriano Luchetta, Roberto Pasqualotto, L. Novello, J. S. Sarff, L. Piron, Valisa, M, Bolzonella, T, Buratti, P, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Dal Bello, S, Martin, P, Pasqualotto, R, Sarff, J, Spolaore, M, Zanca, P, Zanotto, L, Agostini, M, Alfier, A, Antoni, V, Apolloni, L, Auriemma, F, Barana, O, Baruzzo, M, Bettini, P, Bonfiglio, D, Bonomo, F, Brombin, M, Buffa, A, Canton, A, Cappello, S, Cavinato, M, Chitarin, G, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Escande, D, Fassina, A, Franz, P, Gaio, E, Gazza, E, Giudicotti, L, Gnesotto, F, Gobbin, M, Grando, L, Guazzotto, L, Guo, S, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Lorenzini, R, Luchetta, A, Manduchi, G, Marchiori, G, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martini, S, Martines, E, Mccollam, K, Milani, F, Moresco, M, Novello, L, Ortolani, S, Paccagnella, R, Peruzzo, S, Piovan, R, Piron, L, Pizzimenti, A, Piovesan, P, Pomaro, N, Predebon, I, Puiatti, M, Rostagni, G, Sattin, F, Scarin, P, Serianni, G, Sonato, P, Spada, E, Soppelsa, A, Spagnolo, S, Spizzo, G, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Toigo, V, Vianello, N, Yadikin, D, Zaccaria, P, Zaniol, B, Zilli, E, and Zuin, M
Subjects: Physics, plasma confinement, RFX-mod, Reversed field pinch, Condensed matter physics, reversed field pinch, Torus, Plasma, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Symmetry (physics), quasi-single helicity, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, RFP, Electron temperature, QSH, Magnetohydrodynamic drive, Current (fluid)
Abstract: Optimization of machine operation, including plasma position control, density control and especially feedback control on multiple magnetohydrodynamic modes, has led RFX-mod to operate reliably at 1.5 MA, the highest current ever achieved on a reversed field pinch (RFP). At high current and low density the magnetic topology spontaneously self-organizes in an Ohmical helical symmetry, with the new magnetic axis helically twisting around the geometrical axis of the torus. The separatrix of the island disappears leaving a wide and symmetric thermal structure with large gradients in the electron temperature profile. The new topology still displays an intermittent nature but its overall presence has reached 85% of the current flat-top period. The large gradients in the electron temperature profile appear to be marginal for the destabilization of ion temperature gradient modes on the assumption that ions and electrons have the same gradients. There are indications that higher currents could provide the conditions under which to prove the existence of a true helical equilibrium as the standard RFP configuration. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Published: 2008
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35. Magnetic self organization, MHD active control and confinement in RFX-mod

Author: Paolo Zanca, Piero Martin, A. De Lorenzi, E. Gazza, F. Milani, S. Dal Bello, Lionello Marrelli, F. Sattin, Leonardo Giudicotti, Giuseppe Marchiori, N. Vianello, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Fulvio Auriemma, A. Masiello, S. Ortolani, Vanni Toigo, M. Brombin, P. Innocente, G. Gadani, G. Rostagni, Alberto Alfier, L. Novello, M. Moresco, Giuseppe Chitarin, Italo Predebon, Anton Soppelsa, M. Valisa, D. F. Escande, Paolo Bettini, Mario Cavinato, L. Apolloni, S. C. Guo, Andrea Murari, C. Alessi, Roberto Pasqualotto, Maria Ester Puiatti, C. Taccon, R. Paccagnella, Piergiorgio Sonato, D. Bonfiglio, Simone Peruzzo, Diego Marcuzzi, Emilio Martines, Federica Bonomo, Paolo Franz, Barbara Zaniol, Elena Gaio, Enrico Zilli, S. Martini, C. Taliercio, Gianluca Spizzo, S. Cappello, V. Antoni, Gabriele Manduchi, Alessandro Fassina, L. Zanotto, P. Piovesan, Alessandra Canton, Matteo Zuin, L. Carraro, T. Bolzonella, Luca Grando, G. Malesani, A. Pizzimenti, D. Terranova, Rita Lorenzini, E. Spada, G. Serianni, Marco Gobbin, P. Zaccaria, Giuseppe Zollino, Roberto Cavazzana, Adriano Luchetta, P. Scarin, A. Buffa, M. Spolaore, Oliviero Barana, Francesco Gnesotto, N. Pomaro, Marrelli, L, Zanca, P, Valisa, M, Marchiori, G, Alfier, A, Bonomo, F, Gobbin, M, Piovesan, P, Terranova, D, Agostini, M, Alessi, C, Antoni, V, Apolloni, L, Auriemma, F, Barana, O, Bettini, P, Bolzonella, T, Bonfiglio, D, Brombin, M, Buffa, A, Canton, A, Cappello, S, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cavinato, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, Escande, D, Fassina, A, Franz, P, Gadani, G, Gaio, E, Gazza, E, Giudicotti, L, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Guo, S, Innocente, P, Lorenzini, R, Luchetta, A, Malesani, G, Manduchi, G, Marcuzzi, D, Martin, P, Martini, S, Martines, E, Masiello, A, Milani, F, Moresco, M, Murari, A, Novello, L, Ortolani, S, Paccagnella, R, Pasqualotto, R, Peruzzo, S, Piovan, R, Pizzimenti, A, Pomaro, N, Predebon, I, Puiatti, M, Rostagni, G, Sattin, F, Scarin, P, Serianni, G, Sonato, P, Spada, E, Soppelsa, A, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Taccon, C, Taliercio, C, Toigo, V, Vianello, N, Zaccaria, P, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zilli, E, Zollino, G, and Zuin, M
Subjects: Physics, REVERSED-FIELD PINCHES, RFX-mod, Reversed field pinch, Sideband, active control, Rotational symmetry, Boundary (topology), INTELLIGENT SHELL, reversed field pinch, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic field, BOUNDARY, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Quantum electrodynamics, Harmonics, RFP, RECONSTRUCTION, Magnetohydrodynamics, PLASMA-WALL INTERACTIONS, RESISTIVE WALL, Saddle
Abstract: RFX-mod is a reversed field pinch (RFP) experiment equipped with a system that actively controls the magnetic boundary. In this paper we describe the results of a new control algorithm, the clean mode control (CMC), in which the aliasing of the sideband harmonics generated by the discrete saddle coils is corrected in real time. CMC operation leads to a smoother (i.e. more axisymmetric) boundary. Tearing modes rotate (up to 100 Hz) and partially unlock. Plasma-wall interaction diminishes due to a decrease of the non-axisymmetric shift of the plasma column. With the ameliorated boundary control, plasma current has been successfully increased to 1.5 MA, the highest for an RFP. In such regimes, the magnetic dynamics is dominated by the innermost resonant mode, the internal magnetic field gets close to a pure helix and confinement improves. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Published: 2007
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36. Design developments for the ITER in-Vessel equilibrium pick-up Coils and Halo current Sensors

Author: Giuseppe Chitarin, C. Taccon, Simone Peruzzo, and Luca Grando
Subjects: Halo currents, Materials science, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Blanket, Fusion power, Equilibrium coils, Neutron temperature, Magnetic diagnostics, Conductor, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electromagnetic coil, law, ITER, General Materials Science, magnetic sensors, Halo, Civil and Structural Engineering, Machine control
Abstract: The ITER magnetic diagnostics must provide essential information for plasma diagnostic purposes and for the machine control. The sensors will be installed in a hostile environment characterized by severe neutron irradiation and heat loads, which can reduce the sensor lifetime and also generate undesired DC signals, which might compromise the accuracy of the measurements obtained by time-integration. The paper is focused on the design development and optimisation of the in-vessel tangential pick-up coils and blanket halo sensors. The work is aimed at achieving the required measurement precision in spite of the thermal effect due to the neutron irradiation. Within the limits of several tight engineering constraints, a new concept of magnetic pick-up coil has been developed. A winding made of a ceramic-coated conductor (instead of a mineral insulated cables) and “impregnated” with ceramic filler is proposed. Similar issues are also related to the halo sensor design.
Published: 2007
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37. Thermal analyses for the design of the ITER-NBI arc driven ion source

Author: S. Dal Bello, Simone Peruzzo, M. Dalla Palma, P. Zaccaria, G. Anaclerio, and R. Nocentini
Subjects: Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Reference design, Injector, Fusion power, Ion source, Finite element method, law.invention, Thermal hydraulics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Environmental science, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, Design review
Abstract: This paper is focused on the assessment of the thermal behaviour in nominal operating conditions of two components of the ITER-NBI ion source: the arc-discharge chamber and the filament cassette assembly. The study is based on hydraulic, thermo-mechanical and thermo-electrical calculations performed by means of 2D and 3D finite element (FE) models, with inputs coming partly from the ITER reference design documentation and partly from the design review activities presently in progress. The paper describes the results of the analyses, comparing the alternative cooling design with the reference one, and highlights some open issues that should be worked out before finalizing the design.
Published: 2007

38. Status of design and manufacture of the Upper Coils and Outer Poloidal Limiter Coils subsystems for the JET-EP magnetic diagnostic

Author: Simone Peruzzo, W. Baker, V. Coccorese, T. Edlington, S. Gerasimov, S. Huntley, N. Lam, A. Loving, C. Marren, N. Pomaro, V. Riccardo, and JET-EFDA contributors
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Base (geometry), Limiter, Mechanical engineering, JET-EP magnetic diagnostic, General Materials Science, Upper Coils, Fusion power, Civil and Structural Engineering, Outer Poloidal Limiter Coils
Abstract: This paper presents the status of the design and manufacture of the main in-vessel subsystems of the magnetic diagnostics enhancement project for JET. The subsystems are conceived as several sets of pick-up coils supported by mechanical structures attached to existing components of the first wall, to be installed by remote handling. The design constraints and fundamental choices at the base of the project are illustrated. The technological solutions proposed for the construction, presently in progress, are described.
Published: 2005
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39. Design of the new magnetic sensors for Joint European Torus

Author: S. Cramp, H. Altmann, A. Loving, Angelo Cenedese, N. Pomaro, C. A. Marren, T. Edlington, Simone Peruzzo, V. Riccardo, F. Basso, F. DegliAgostini, Filippo Sartori, Jet Efda contributors, S.N. Gerasimov, K. Fullard, V. Coccorese, E. McCarron, Raffaele Albanese, E. R. Solano, Giuseppe Chitarin, S. Huntley, N. Lam, J. Tidmarsh, Diego Marcuzzi, Luca Grando, C. Sowden, Coccorese, Vincenzo, Albanese, Raffaele, H., Altmann, S., Cramp, T., Edlington, K., Fullard, S., Gerasimov, S., Huntley, N., Lam, A., Loving, V., Riccardo, F., Sartori, C., Marren, E., Mccarron, C., Sowden, J., Tidmarsh, JET EFDA, Contributor, F., Basso, A., Cenedese, G., Chitarin, F., Degli Agostini, L., Grando, D., Marcuzzi, S., Peruzzo, N., Pomaro, and E. R., Solano
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), NUCLEAR FUSION, PLASMA, Acoustics, Divertor, Joint European Torus, Fluid mechanics, Plasma, INSTRUMENTS, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic coil, Limiter, Magnetohydrodynamics, Instrumentation
Abstract: A new magnetic diagnostics system has been designed for the 2005 Joint European Torus (JET) experimental campaigns onward. The new system, which adds to the existing sensors, aims to improve the JET safety, reliability, and performance, with respect to: (i) equilibrium reconstruction; (ii) plasma shape control; (iii) coil failures; (iv) VDEs; (v) iron modeling; and (vi) magnetohydrodynamics poloidal mode analysis. The system consists of in-vessel and ex-vessel sensors. The former are a set of 38 coil pairs (normal and tangential), located as near as possible to the plasma. Coils are generally grouped in rails, in order to ease remote handling in-vessel installation. The system includes: (i) two outer poloidal limiter arrays (2x7 coil pairs); (ii) two divertor region arrays (2x7 coil pairs); and (iii) two top coil arrays (2x5 coil pairs). Ex-vessel sensors, including discrete coils, Hall probes, and flux loops (26 in total) will be installed on the iron limbs, in order to provide experimental data for the treatment of iron in equilibrium codes. The design is accompanied by a software analysis, aiming to predict the expected improvement. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.
Published: 2004
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40. Machine modification for active MHD control in RFX

Author: S. Dal Bello, Gianluigi Serianni, Piergiorgio Sonato, Simone Peruzzo, Diego Marcuzzi, S. Ortolani, A. Buffa, W. Baker, Pietro Fiorentin, Giuseppe Marchiori, A. Masiello, Mario Bagatin, N. Pomaro, Francesco Gnesotto, Giuseppe Chitarin, Luca Grando, and P. Zaccaria
Subjects: Physics, Toroid, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Shell (structure), Torus, reverded field pinch, Plasma, Mechanics, magnetic field configuration, Fusion power, Rotation, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, General Materials Science, Magnetohydrodynamics, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Recent studies on RFP and Tokamak devices call for an active control of the MHD and resistive wall modes to induce plasma mode rotation and to prevent mode phase locking. The results obtained on RFX, where slow rotation of phase locked modes has been induced, support the possibility of extending active MHD mode control through a substantial modification of the device. A new first wall with an integrated system of electric and magnetic transducers has been realised. A close fitting 3 mm thick Cu shell replaces the 65 mm Al shell. A toroidal support structure (TSS) made of stainless steel replaces the shell in supporting all the forces acting on the torus. A system of 192 saddle coils is provided to actively control the MHD modes. This system completely surrounds the toroidal surface and allows the generation of harmonic fields with m=0 and m=1 poloidal wave number and with a toroidal spectrum up to n=24.
Published: 2003

41. The design of 192 saddle coils for RFX

Author: S. Dal Bello, Simone Peruzzo, Luca Grando, and Giuseppe Chitarin
Subjects: Physics, magnetic equilibrium, Reversed field pinch, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics, Plasma, reversed field pinch, Active control, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Thermal, saddle coils, General Materials Science, Magnetohydrodynamics, Thermal analysis, Saddle, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The paper presents the various aspects of the new set of 192 saddle coils (SC), designed for the active control of MHD plasma modes in the RFX experiment. The choices necessary to fulfil the electromagnetic specifications and the geometrical constraints of the system are described. The methods and results of thermal, electrodynamic and mechanical analyses carried out for the proper design of the coils are also reported. The technological solutions proposed for the construction, presently in progress, are illustrated.
Published: 2003

42. Upgrade of the RFX fast protection system in view of the new operating scenarios and machine modifications

Author: N. Pomaro, Luca Grando, Giuseppe Chitarin, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, Vanni Toigo, and F. Milani
Subjects: Reversed field pinch, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Shell (computing), reversed field pinch, Fusion power, Power (physics), magnet protection, Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, General Materials Science, Magnetohydrodynamics, Saddle, Civil and Structural Engineering, Electronic circuit
Abstract: This paper deals with the upgrade and the revision of the RFX fast protection system, which follow the recent modifications to the power supply circuits and the installation of a new copper shell and of 192 saddle coils for MHD mode control. The experimental evidences and the new requirements due to the machine and circuit modifications, which called for the revision of the system, are described, together with its new architecture.
Published: 2003

43. Analysis and modelling of the magnetic and plasma profiles during PPCD experiments in RFX

Author: Gianluca Spizzo, Paolo Innocente, A. De Lorenzi, G. Malesani, V. Antoni, C. Taliercio, S. C. Guo, Pietro Fiorentin, R. Paccagnella, G. Telesca, Lorella Carraro, Enrico Zilli, S. Martini, B. Pégourié, Giuseppe Marchiori, Maria Ester Puiatti, P. Piovesan, Simone Peruzzo, F. Milani, L. Zanotto, Paolo Zanca, M. Spolaore, Oliviero Barana, Elena Gaio, P. Nielsen, M. Valisa, Francesco Gnesotto, Mario Bagatin, Vanni Toigo, M. Moresco, Piergiorgio Sonato, Lionello Marrelli, Tommaso Bolzonella, Roberto Pasqualotto, D. Terranova, A. Masiello, Rita Lorenzini, Alessandra Canton, Piero Martin, Matteo Zuin, S. Cappello, G. Rostagni, A. Cravotta, D. Bettella, S. Dal Bello, R. Piovan, Leonardo Giudicotti, P. Zaccaria, G. Regnoli, Emilio Martines, Adriano Luchetta, Paolo Franz, Giuseppe Zollino, Gabriele Manduchi, S. Ortolani, P. Scarin, D. Desideri, E. Spada, W. Baker, L. Apolloni, A. Buffa, Barbara Zaniol, Diego Marcuzzi, Giuseppe Chitarin, Luca Grando, A. Murari, N. Vianello, N. Pomaro, G. Preti, F. D'Angelo, L. Garzotti, G. Serianni, Mario Cavinato, Lorenzo Frassinetti, D. F. Escande, Fabio Sattin, Paolo Bettini, Roberto Cavazzana, Puiatti, M, Cappello, S, Lorenzini, R, Martini, S, Ortolani, S, Paccagnella, R, Sattin, F, Terranova, A, Bolzonella, T, Buffa, A, Canton, A, Carraro, L, Escande, D, Garzotti, L, Innocente, P, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Scarin, P, Spizzo, G, Valisa, M, Zanca, P, Antoni, V, Apolloni, L, Bagatin, M, Baker, W, Barana, O, Bettella, D, Bettini, P, Cavazzana, R, Cavinato, M, Chitarin, G, Cravotta, A, D'Angelo, F, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, Desideri, D, Fiorentin, P, Franz, P, Frassinetti, L, Gaio, E, Giudicotti, L, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Guo, S, Luchetta, A, Malesani, G, Manduchi, G, Marchiori, G, Marcuzzi, D, Martin, P, Masiello, A, Milani, F, Moresco, M, Murari, A, Nielsen, P, Pasqualotto, R, Pegourie, B, Peruzzo, S, Piovan, R, Piovesan, P, Pomaro, N, Preti, G, Regnoli, G, Rostagni, G, Serianni, G, Sonato, P, Spada, E, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Telesca, G, Toigo, V, Vianello, N, Zaccaria, P, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zilli, E, Zollino, G, and Zuin, M
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Reversed field pinch, Condensed matter physics, Turbulence, Phase (waves), Magnetic confinement fusion, IMPROVED CONFINEMENT, reversed field pinch, Plasma, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, POLOIDAL CURRENT DRIVE, pulsed poloidal current drive, REVERSED-FIELD-PINCH, SINGLE-HELICITY, Physics::Plasma Physics, RFP, HEAT-TRANSPORT, Transient (oscillation), Magnetohydrodynamics, PPCD, RFX, Dynamo
Abstract: In this paper, we analyse the main features of the pulsed poloidal current drive (PPCD) technique, used in the reversed field pinch configuration to achieve improved confinement conditions. In the RFX experiment, PPCD corresponds to a decrease of the magnetic fluctuations, to a peaking of the temperature profile, and to a reduced transport and plasma-wall interaction. A three-dimensional MHD nonlinear code and one-dimensional time-dependent transport models have been applied to study the effect of PPCD on the magnetic and plasma profiles. The three-dimensional MHD simulations show that the external inductive drive pinches and peaks the current profile driving the configuration through a transient phase, where the spontaneous turbulent dynamo action is quenched. The one-dimensional transport codes indicate that the experimental profile modifications associated with PPCD are consistent with a reduction of the stochastic transport.
Published: 2003
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44. New insights into MHD dynamics of magnetically confined plasmas from experiments in RFX

Author: Paolo Zanca, L. Fattorini, R. Piovan, R. Bartiromo, A. Boboc, Piero Martin, S. Costa, P. Zaccaria, L. Apolloni, Vanni Toigo, G. Malesani, Enrico Zilli, S. Martini, B. Pégourié, G. Rostagni, F. D'Angelo, Emilio Martines, Pietro Fiorentin, Barbara Zaniol, R. Paccagnella, Paolo Franz, Maria Ester Puiatti, P. Innoccente, C. Taliercio, Lorella Carraro, Giuseppe Telesca, Giuseppe Zollino, Roberto Pasqualotto, L. Garzotti, Antonio Ponno, Mario Bagatin, Giuseppe Marchiori, S. Cappello, Luca Zabeo, M. Moresco, Alvise Maschio, Giuseppe Chitarin, Leonardo Giudicotti, D. Terranova, Rita Lorenzini, N. Vianello, Fabio Sattin, Gabriele Manduchi, P. Nielsen, A. Intravaia, Paolo Bettini, A. Murari, M. Valisa, S. C. Guo, Lionello Marrelli, Dominique Escande, Tommaso Bolzonella, L. Tramontin, Luca Grando, M. Ogorman, Gianluca Spizzo, L. Zanotto, E. Spada, W. Baker, Alessandra Canton, G. Serianni, V. Antoni, F. Milani, Piergiorgio Sonato, Giovanni Preti, S. Ortolani, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, Roberto Cavazzana, Daniele Desideri, N. Pomaro, S. Dal Bello, Adriano Luchetta, P. Scarin, A. Buffa, M. Spolaore, Oliviero Barana, Francesco Gnesotto, A. De Lorenzi, A. Masiello, M. Viterbo, Martin, P, Martini, S, Antoni, V, Apolloni, L, Bagatin, M, Baker, W, Barana, O, Bartiromo, R, Bettini, P, Boboc, A, Bolzonella, T, Buffa, A, Canton, A, Cappello, S, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Chitarin, G, Costa, S, D'Angelo, F, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, Desideri, D, Escande, D, Fattorini, L, Fiorentin, P, Franz, P, Gaio, E, Garzotti, L, Giudicotti, L, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Guo, S, Innoccente, P, Intravaia, A, Lorenzini, R, Luchetta, A, Malesani, G, Manduchi, G, Marchiori, G, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Maschio, A, Masiello, A, Milani, F, Moresco, M, Murari, A, Nielsen, P, O'Gorman, M, Ortolani, S, Paccagnella, R, Pasqualotto, R, Pegourie, B, Peruzzo, S, Piovan, R, Pomaro, N, Ponno, A, Preti, G, Puiatti, M, Rostagni, G, Sattin, F, Scarin, P, Serianni, G, Sonato, P, Spada, E, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Telesca, G, Terranova, D, Toigo, V, Tramontin, L, Valisa, M, Vianello, N, Viterbo, M, Zabeo, L, Zaccaria, P, Zanca, P, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zilli, E, and Zollino, G
Subjects: Physics, plasma confinement, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Condensed matter physics, Reversed field pinch, mode locking, Magnetic confinement fusion, Laminar flow, reversed field pinch, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Amplitude, magnetic configuration, Physics::Plasma Physics, Quantum electrodynamics, RFP, tearing mode, Magnetohydrodynamics, RFX, Dynamo
Abstract: The experimental and theoretical activity performed in the RFX device has allowed a deeper insight into the MHD properties of the reversed field pinch (RFP) configuration. A set of successful experiments has demonstrated the possibility of influencing both the amplitude and the spectrum of the magnetic fluctuations which characterize the RFP configuration. A new regime (quasi-single-helicity states) where the dynamo mechanism works in a nearly laminar way and a helical core plasma is produced has been investigated. With these studies a reduction of magnetic chaos has been obtained. The continuous rotation of wall locked resistive tearing modes has been obtained by an m = 0 rotating perturbation. This perturbation induces rotation of m = 1 non-linearly coupled modes.
Published: 2000
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45. Recent progress in reversed field pinch research in the RFX experiment

Author: Paolo Innocente, Enrico Zilli, Piero Martin, A. Masiello, S. Martini, S. C. Guo, Maria Ester Puiatti, Gianluca Spizzo, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Viterbo, G. Malesani, F. Milani, Alessandra Canton, T. Bolzonella, S. Cappello, G. Serianni, Giuseppe Zollino, Giuseppe Telesca, S. Vitturi, D. Gregoratto, R. Pugno, Roberto Cavazzana, L. Garzotti, Mario Bagatin, M. Moresco, F. Bellina, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, Alvise Maschio, V. Antoni, Leonardo Giudicotti, P. Scarin, D. Desideri, A. Buffa, R. Bilato, Lorella Carraro, D. F. Escande, L. Apolloni, Gabriele Manduchi, A. De Lorenzi, E. Spada, W. Baker, Fabio Sattin, L. Tramontin, R. Piovan, D. Terranova, P. Zaccaria, S. Ortolani, A. Intravaia, Paolo Bettini, F. D'Angelo, P. Zanca, R. Bartiromo, Pietro Fiorentin, Emilio Martines, R. Paccagnella, N. Pomaro, Cesare Taliercio, M. Spolaore, Paolo Franz, Francesco Gnesotto, G. De Pol, Vanni Toigo, S. Costa, Giuseppe Chitarin, Adriano Luchetta, Roberto Pasqualotto, Giuseppe Marchiori, M. Valisa, Lionello Marrelli, A. Murari, G. Rostagni, Bartiromo, R, Buffa, A, Antoni, V, Apolloni, L, Bagatin, M, Baker, W, Bellina, F, Bettini, P, Bilato, R, Bolzonella, T, Canton, A, Cappello, S, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Chitarin, G, Costa, S, D'Angelo, F, De Lorenzi, A, De Pol, G, Desideri, D, Escande, D, Fiorentin, P, Franz, P, Gaio, E, Garzotti, L, Giudicotti, L, Gnesotto, F, Gregoratto, D, Guo, S, Innocente, P, Intravaia, A, Luchetta, A, Malesani, G, Manduchi, G, Marchiori, G, Marrelli, L, Martin, P, Martines, E, Martini, S, Maschio, A, Masiello, A, Milani, F, Moresco, M, Murari, A, Ortolani, S, Paccagnella, R, Pasqualotto, R, Peruzzo, S, Piovan, R, Pomaro, N, Pugno, R, Puiatti, M, Rostagni, G, Sattin, F, Scarin, P, Serianni, G, Sonato, P, Spada, E, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Telesca, G, Terranova, D, Toigo, V, Tramontin, L, Valisa, M, Viterbo, M, Vitturi, S, Zaccaria, P, Zanca, P, Zilli, E, and Zollino, G
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Reversed field pinch, Turbulence, reversed field pinch, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Effective nuclear charge, Computational physics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Amplitude, Thermal conductivity, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electric field, RFP, Current (fluid), RFX
Abstract: The article presents an overview of recent experimental results obtained on the RFX device. The authors obtained and studied a reversed field pinch plasma with a plasma current of up to 1 MA, negligible radiation losses and low effective charge. The local power and particle balance shows that in standard operation the plasma core is dominated by magnetic turbulence and that the global confinement is mainly provided by the edge region, where a strongly sheared radial electric field is present. With poloidal current drive the amplitude of magnetic fluctuations and the thermal conductivity of the plasma core are reduced, leading to improved confinement. Reduced heat transport is also observed when the width of the n spectrum of magnetic fluctuations is reduced.
Published: 1999
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46. Investigation of plasma facing components and vacuum vessel in RFX

Author: Giuseppe Zollino, Mario Bagatin, L. Tramontin, Pierluigi Zaccaria, Piergiorgio Sonato, Simone Peruzzo, W.R. Baker, and V. Antoni
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Toroidal and poloidal, Materials science, Reversed field pinch, media_common.quotation_subject, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Mechanics, Plasma, Asymmetry, Plasma flow, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, General Materials Science, Erosion and particle deposition, Halo, Boron, Carbon, media_common, RFX
Abstract: The first wall components of RFX have been investigated after three years of operation and four boronization processes. The main damage is due to arcs and localized erosion. 112 new reshaped tiles have been installed and the removed ones have been carefully analysed in order to evaluate the effects due to plasma interaction. A strong redeposition of carbon and boron has been observed near the most damaged tiles. The redeposition pattern exhibits toroidal and poloidal asymmetry in agreement with the plasma flow measured in the outer region. For the first time evidence of halo currents flowing from the plasma to the vacuum vessel has been observed and their value has been estimated.
Published: 1997

47. SPIDER in the roadmap of the ITER neutral beams

Author: M. Valente, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, A. Ferro, M. Recchia, S. Dal Bello, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Silvia Spagnolo, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Ugoletti, Marco Boldrin, Roberto Cavazzana, M. Battistella, L. Ferbel, S. Denizeau, Gianluigi Serianni, Marco Barbisan, Giuseppe Marchiori, Marco Cavenago, Vanni Toigo, Pierluigi Zaccaria, V. Antoni, C. Rotti, P. Jain, Luca Grando, W. Kraus, Mieko Kashiwagi, Bernd Heinemann, G. Rostagni, P. Tinti, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, M. Fadone, C. Baltador, S. Manfrin, Nicolò Marconato, G. Gambetta, N. Pomaro, Piero Agostinetti, Nicola Pilan, Gabriele Manduchi, F. Paolucci, A. Masiello, Loris Zanotto, Giuseppe Chitarin, A. De Lorenzi, B. Zaniol, C. Taliercio, M. Dan, M. Brombin, Namita Singh, T. Patton, F. Gasparini, Ursel Fantz, M. Moresco, M. Zaupa, M. Siragusa, A.K. Chakraborty, M. De Muri, A. Zamengo, S. Muriel, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, E. Spada, M. Bigi, A. Pimazzoni, Pierluigi Veltri, M. Spolaore, Francesco Gnesotto, Emanuele Sartori, Diego Marcuzzi, Tullio Bonicelli, F. Fellin, Adriano Luchetta, R. Delogu, A. Maistrello, C. Poggi, M. Dalla Palma, A. Rizzolo, Hitesh Patel, Serianni, G., Toigo, V., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferbel, L., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Baltador, C., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Bonicelli, T., Paolucci, F., Muriel, S., Masiello, A., Chakraborty, A., Patel, H., Singh, N. P., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Kashiwagi, M., and Tsumori, K.
Subjects: Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ion source, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, Physics::Plasma Physics, Neutral beam injectors, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Particle, Negative ion beam, General Materials Science, Negative ion source, 010306 general physics, Current density, Beam (structure), Civil and Structural Engineering, Beam divergence
Abstract: To reach fusion conditions and control plasma configuration in ITER, a suitable combination of additional heating and current drive systems is necessary. Among them, two Neutral Beam Injectors (NBI) will provide 33 MW hydrogen/deuterium particles electrostatically accelerated to 1 MeV; efficient gas-cell neutralisation at such beam energy requires negative ions, obtained by caesium-catalysed surface conversion of atoms inside the ion source. As ITER NBI requirements have never been simultaneously attained, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was set up at Consorzio RFX (Italy), including two experiments. MITICA is the full-scale NBI prototype with 1 MeV particle energy. SPIDER, with 100 keV particle energy, aims at testing and optimising the full-scale ion source: extracted beam uniformity, negative ion current density (for one hour) and beam optics (beam divergence
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48. Deep neural networks for plasma tomography with applications to JET and COMPASS

Author: J. Denis, M. Tardocchi, Kiptily, M. Koubiti, M. Ghate, R. Michling, G. De Masi, T. Tala, M. Bassan, R. McAdams, S. Dowson, Antoine Merle, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, S. Mahesan, P. Sparapani, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, M. Vecsei, Michal Stano, E. Lerche, Štefan Matejčík, Piergiorgio Sonato, S. D. Pinches, A. Dal Molin, O. McCormack, B. Colling, F. Mink, Ph. Mertens, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, Alessandro Zocco, K. Rathod, S. Collins, F. Koechl, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Francesco Maviglia, E. Stefanikova, David Taylor, B. Graham, T. Lunt, S. Meshchaninov, Arturo Buscarino, G. L. Ravera, Maide Bucolo, J. P. Thomas, S. Foley, B. Wakeling, N. Ashikawa, D. W. Robson, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Stefan Buller, Sergey Popovichev, M. Saleem, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, M. Wheatley, Gabriele Croci, Hugo Bufferand, J.F. Artaud, R. C. Felton, O. Kovanda, D. Hepple, K. Dylst, Gabor Szepesi, M. Oberkofler, G.J. van Rooij, N. Teplova, Istvan Cziegler, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, Y. Xue, D. Nina, J. Bernardo, Lorenzo Figini, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Peter Lang, R. Scannell, N. C. Hawkes, P. Denner, Istvan Pusztai, D. D. Carvalho, Salvatore Ventre, A. Lescinskis, Afanasev, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Panagiotis Tolias, R. Vale, T. O'Gorman, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, Karol Malinowski, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Massimo Angelone, Michaele Freisinger, I. Monakhov, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, Sehyun Kwak, J. Regana, Rohde, T. Eich, A. Alkseev, R. Lawless, C. G. Elsmore, Fusco, S. Hacquin, S. A. Silburn, A. Fernades, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, R. Sartori, Yuji Hatano, D. Borodin, L. Colas, Daniele Marocco, M. Lennholm, Carlo Sozzi, J. J. Rasmussen, P. McCullen, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, Thomas Johnson, M. Rack, Göran Ericsson, Hans Nordman, Jakub Bielecki, P. Merriman, M. Cavedon, G. Hermon, Geert Verdoolaege, K. J. Gibson, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, Fuchs, M. Tomes, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, W. Higginson, Daniel F. Valcarcel, R. Mooney, K. Dawson, A. Tallargio, T.H. Osborne, P. J. Carvalho, M. Gethins, R. Dux, Pierre Dumortier, G. Urbanczyk, Inessa Bolshakova, R. King, B. Tal, Daniel Tegnered, J. W. Coenen, Leena Aho-Mantila, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, Grégoire Hornung, G. Tvalashvili, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, G. De Tommasi, A. Urban, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, J. Dobrashian, E. Clark, Paolo Arena, Alessia Santucci, Ivan Lupelli, S. Nowak, M. Curuia, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Claudio Verona, Zoita, S. Moon, C. Castaldo, A.V. Stephen, Karl Schmid, A. Sahlberg, C. Di Troia, R. Woodley, L. Garzotti, D. Sandiford, Matthew M. Knight, Juho Leppänen, S. Emery, O. G. Pompilian, M. Goniche, C. Luna, M. Mayer, M. Baruzzo, A. Weckmann, M. Kempenaars, S. Hazel, Fabio Pisano, Claudia Corradino, A. G. Meigs, P. Leichauer, S. Potzel, Stéphane Devaux, C. Piron, G. Saibene, David A Rasmussen, Bruce Lipschultz, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, J. Deane, C. Meadowcroft, C. J. Rapson, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Tom Wauters, F. Nabais, T. Goerler, D. Brunetti, R. Ellis, David Moulton, L. Jones, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, Luciano Bertalot, G. Burroughes, B. Kos, Laurent Marot, Daniel Primetzhofer, I Miron, N. Lam, F. Napoli, S. Rowe, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, R.P. Doerner, D. Silvagni, C. Guillemaut, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, Matthew Carr, A. Dempsey, Jorge Morales, Pramit Dutta, J. L. Herfindal, S. Maruyama, P. Camp, X. Lefebvre, Ye. O. Kazakov, Andrea G. Chiariello, Gabriele Manduchi, Andre Neto, T. Powell, J. Griffiths, José Vicente, C. Barcellona, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, L. Xiang, Dirk Reiser, H. Bergsåker, I. Duran, G. Giacometti, M. Kalsey, David Tskhakaya, A. Martin de Aguilera, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, I. Uytdenhouwen, S. Soare, Giuseppe Prestopino, L. Chôné, W. Davis, G. De Temmerman, Basiuk, G. Learoyd, C. Guerard, A. Klix, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, A. Burckhart, W. Leysen, Jochen Linke, M. Oberparleiter, A. Murari, M. Sertoli, S. 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Gilbert, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, D. Van Eester, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Tomasz Czarski, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, M. Koeppen, D. Ricci, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, P. Staniec, C. Appelbee, M. Newman, Susan Leerink, M. Nicassio, P. P. Pereira Puglia, M. Brombin, Wouter Tierens, C. Perez von Thun, Cédric Boulbe, Ya. I. Kolesnichenko, Taina Kurki-Suonio, S. Hallworth-Cook, R. P. Johnson, B. B. Carvalho, Anna Widdowson, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, B. Gonçalves, D. L. Keeling, Kazantzidis, Michael Fitzgerald, M. Hughes, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Raffaele Fresa, Juha Karhunen, S. Esquembri, K. Purahoo, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, M. Valovic, J. Horacek, D. King, H. Maier, Philipps, Kenji Tanaka, M. Kresina, M. Valisa, L. Omoregie, Gábor Cseh, Seppo Sipilä, Scott W. Mosher, Filippo Sartori, J. Kaniewski, Jan Weiland, Giuseppe Chitarin, Coccorese, A. R. Field, P. Beaumont, Robert Skilton, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, S. Villari, Roberta Lima Gomes, G. D. Ewart, S. Wray, A. Broslawski, A. Sinha, Roberto Paccagnella, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, Albert Gutierrez-Milla, E. Jonasson, L.-G. Eriksson, R. Leach, L. W. Packer, M. Vuksic, H. J. Sun, C. Marchetto, Giuseppe Telesca, Dieter Leichtle, S. Cramp, Blaise Faugeras, M. Allinson, Yannis Kominis, R. Normanton, H. J. Leggate, Francesco Ghezzi, T. Schlummer, Tommaso Bolzonella, Jorge Ferreira, M. J. Walsh, C. Day, Philipp Drews, Steven J. Meitner, M. D. J. Bright, Per Petersson, D. L. Hillis, M. Webb, P. Wright, C. F. Maggi, B. Sieglin, A. Farahani, J. Strachan, M. Muraglia, M. Cecconello, F. Durodié, D. Callaghan, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, Sara Moradi, Patrick J. McCarthy, S. Feng, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, R. Warren, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, S.C. Bradnam, D. Kinna, A. Krivska, M. Lungu, E. Suchkov, A. Kantor, D. Conka, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, J. Callaghan, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, Yu Gao, A. Lunniss, Z. Vizvary, E. Khilkevich, Th. Puetterich, Dmitry Matveev, E. Perelli Cippo, T. Owen, N. Imazawa, A. Silva, H. P. Summers, Norberto Catarino, Roberto Pasqualotto, P. Muscat, K. Keogh, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, P. Carman, M. Leyland, E. Veshchev, A. de Castro, M. Gruca, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, J. W. Banks, Sanjeev Ranjan, N. Sutton, Iris D. Young, Martin Imrisek, W. Zhang, J. K. Blackburn, Moiseenko, A. Parsloe, T. Loarer, D. N. Borba, S.J. Wukitch, D. P. Coster, J. Penzo, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, N. Bekris, M. G. O'Mullane, S. E. Dorling, Yunfeng Liang, S. Gulati, Roberto Ambrosino, J. Schweinzer, Cocilovo, D. Douai, M. A. Henderson, T. Suzuki, Gianluca Rubino, A. Peackoc, Yann Camenen, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, E. Tholerus, C. Sommariva, Prajapati, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Faa Federico Felici, M. Buckley, Kenneth Hammond, Daniele Milanesio, Cristian Ruset, Katsumichi Hoshino, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, I. Borodkina, P. Dinca, S. Brezinsek, J. Stallard, H. G. Esser, Matthew Sibbald, S. Knipe, Jorge Estrela da Silva, Kensaku Kamiya, P. A. Coates, J. C. Giacalone, Alfredo Pironti, Carvalho, D. D., Ferreira, D. R., Carvalho, P. J., Imrisek, M., Mlynar, J., Fernandes, H., and Formisano, A.
Subjects: Computer science, Feature extraction, Image processing, Computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR), Plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, 01 natural sciences, Convolutional neural network, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Compass, Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Computer vision, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Jet (fluid), Contextual image classification, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition, Plasma diagnostics - interferometry spectroscopy and imaging, Tomography, Artificial intelligence, business, plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging
Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have found applications in many image processing tasks, such as feature extraction, image classification, and object recognition. It has also been shown that the inverse of CNNs, so- called deconvolutional neural networks, can be used for inverse problems such as plasma tomography. In essence, plasma tomography consists in reconstructing the 2D plasma profile on a poloidal cross-section of a fusion device, based on line-integrated measurements from multiple radiation detectors. Since the reconstruction process is computationally intensive, a deconvolutional neural network trained to produce the same results will yield a significant computational speedup, at the expense of a small error which can be assessed using different metrics. In this work, we discuss the design principles behind such networks, including the use of multiple layers, how they can be stacked, and how their dimensions can be tuned according to the number of detectors and the desired tomographic resolution for a given fusion device. We describe the application of such networks at JET and COMPASS, where at JET we use the bolometer system, and at COMPASS we use the soft X-ray diagnostic based on photodiode arrays.
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49. Steady state magnetic sensors for ITER and beyond: Development and final design (invited)

Author: Nicolò Marconato, M. Brombin, Michael Walsh, Simone Peruzzo, Ph. Moreau, P. Spuig, Slavomir Entler, George Vayakis, Tomáš Jirman, J. M. Carmona, M. Kocan, Piero Agostinetti, I. Duran, and G. Gambetta
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Nuclear engineering, Blanket, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Magnetic field, law.invention, law, Thermocouple, Neutron flux, hall sensors, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Hall effect sensor, Magnetohydrodynamics, Instrumentation
Abstract: The measurements of the magnetic field in tokamaks such as ITER and DEMO will be challenging due to the long pulse duration, high neutron flux, and elevated temperatures. The long duration of the plasma pulse makes standard techniques, such as inductive coils, prone to errors. At the same time, the hostile environment, with repairs possible only on blanket exchange, if at all, requires a robust magnetic sensor. This contribution presents the final design of novel, steady-state, magnetic sensors for ITER. A poloidal array of 60 sensors mounted on the vacuum vessel outer shell contributes to the measurement of the plasma current, plasma-wall clearance, low-frequency MHD modes and will allow for crosscheck with the outer-vessel inductive coils. Each sensor hosts a pair of bismuth Hall probes, themselves an outcome of extensive R&D, including neutron irradiations (to 10 23 n/m 2 ), temperature cycling tests (73-473 K) and tests at high magnetic field (to 12 T). A significant effort has been devoted to optimize the sensor housing by design and prototyping. The production version features an indium-filled cell for in situ recalibration of the onboard thermocouple, vital for the interpretation of the Hall sensor measurement.
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