1. BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation
- Author
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L. An, Søren Rysgaard, M. Wood, Eric Rignot, Boris Dorschel, Thomas M. Jordan, Larry A. Mayer, Christopher Williams, Helene Seroussi, Ian Fenty, Patricia Slabon, S. J. Palmer, Brice Noël, W. Weinrebe, Ian M. Howat, Jonathan L. Bamber, Fiammetta Straneo, Ginny A. Catania, Julian A. Dowdeswell, K. B. Zinglersen, Alun Hubbard, Mathieu Morlighem, Romain Millan, M. R. van den Broeke, Nolwenn Chauché, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Martin J. Siegert, Jeremie Mouginot, C. O'Cofaigh, Kelly A. Hogan, Martin Jakobsson, Jan Erik Arndt, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Sub Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical biol., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Morlighem, M [0000-0001-5219-1310], Rignot, E [0000-0002-3366-0481], An, L [0000-0003-3507-5953], Arndt, JE [0000-0002-9413-1612], Bamber, JL [0000-0002-2280-2819], Catania, G [0000-0002-7561-5902], Chauché, N [0000-0003-4559-0334], Dorschel, B [0000-0002-3495-5927], Fenty, I [0000-0001-6662-6346], Howat, I [0000-0002-8072-6260], Jakobsson, M [0000-0002-9033-3559], Kjeldsen, KK [0000-0002-8557-5131], Millan, R [0000-0002-7987-1305], Mayer, L [0000-0003-1846-5140], Mouginot, J [0000-0001-9155-5455], Noël, BPY [0000-0002-7159-5369], Palmer, S [0000-0003-3977-8509], Rysgaard, S [0000-0003-1726-2958], Seroussi, H [0000-0001-9201-1644], Siegert, MJ [0000-0002-0090-4806], Slabon, P [0000-0002-6965-7401], Straneo, F [0000-0002-1735-2366], van den Broeke, MR [0000-0003-4662-7565], Wood, M [0000-0003-3074-7845], Zinglersen, KB [0000-0003-1466-9680], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ice stream ,Greenland ,bathymetry ,Earth and Planetary Sciences(all) ,Greenland ice sheet ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Quaternary geology, glaciology: 465 ,01 natural sciences ,Snow and Ice ,Paleoceanography ,Ice Cores ,MD Multidisciplinary ,glaciology ,Research Letter ,multibeam echo sounding ,Journal Article ,Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ,The Arctic: An AGU Joint Special Collection ,Bathymetry ,Instruments and Techniques ,Global Change ,14. Life underwater ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,Geomorphology ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Kvartærgeologi, glasiologi: 465 ,Sea level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,The Cryosphere ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Glacier ,mass conservation ,Glacier morphology ,radar echo sounding ,Research Letters ,Glaciology ,Geophysics ,Oceanography ,Ice Streams ,13. Climate action ,Cryospheric Change ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Hydrology ,Ice sheet ,Cryosphere ,Glaciers ,Geology - Abstract
Key Points We present a comprehensive, seamless bed topography across the ice‐ocean margin around GreenlandTwo to 4 times more glaciers have calving fronts grounded below 200 m compared to previous mappingsTotal ice volume of Greenland is 2.99 ± 0.02 times 106 km3, yielding a potential sea level rise of 7.42 m, 7 cm greater than previous estimates, Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine‐terminating glaciers. Here we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation approach. A new 150 m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous data sets, particularly in the marine‐terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals that the total sea level potential of the Greenland ice sheet is 7.42 ± 0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine‐based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
- Published
- 2017
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