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4. Fibrosis Progression Rate in Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among People With Diabetes Versus People Without Diabetes: A Multicenter Study

Author

Allende, Daniela, Bellar, Annette, Dasarathy, Jaividhya, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Welch, Nicole, Yerrapothu, Rahul, Bashir, Mustafa, Diehl, Anna Mae, Guy, Cynthia, Kopping, Mariko, Piercy, Dawn, Suzuki, Ayako, Tawadrou, Naglaa, Chalasani, Naga, Cruz, Mandy, Cummings, Oscar W., Garrison, Lisa, Gawrieh, Samer, Samala, Niharika, Vuppalanchi, Raj, Carpenter, Danielle, Cattoor, Theresa, Freebersyser, Janet, Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent A., Angkanaworakul, Pannapat, Berihun, Achashman, Buysse, Andrew, Dorrian, Theresa, Gulati, Breanna, Kowdley, Kris V., Liu, Kevin, Misic, Sandra, Sohal, Adam, Vuong, Joseph, Ajmera, Veeral, Behling, Cynthia, Loomba, Rohit, Madamba, Egbert, Middleton, Michael S., Richards, Lisa, Singh, Seema, Sirlin, Claude, Gill, Ryan, Hameed, Bilal, Awe, Remilekun, Olvera, Daisy, Terrault, Norah, Yuan, Liyun, Yeh, Matthew, Albhaisi, Somaya, Asgharpour, Amon, Boyett, Sherry, Contos, Melissa J., Luketic, Velimir A.C., Sanyal, Arun J., Schlosser, Jolene, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Kleiner, David E., Adamo, Peggy, Belt, Patricia, Clark, Jeanne M., DeSanto, Jennifer M., Meinert, Jill, Miriel, Laura, Mitchell, Emily P., Shade, Carrie, Smith, Jacqueline, Smith, Michael, Sternberg, Alice, Tonascia, James, Van Natta, Mark L., Wagoner, Annette, Wilson, Laura A., Woreta, Tinsay, Yates, Katherine P., Huang, Daniel Q., Amangurbanova, Maral, and Terrault, Norah A.

Published
2023
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5. Hepatic, Extra-hepatic Outcomes and Causes of Mortality in NAFLD – An Umbrella Overview of Systematic Review of Meta-Analysis

Author

Xiao, Jieling, Ng, Cheng Han, Chan, Kai En, Fu, Clarissa, Tay, Phoebe, Yong, Jie Ning, Lim, Wen Hui, Tan, Darren Jun Hao, Syn, Nicholas, Wong, Zhen Yu, Tseng, Michael, Chew, Nicholas, Huang, Daniel Q., Dan, Yock Yong, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Loomba, Rohit, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Sanyal, Arun J., Noureddin, Mazen, and Muthiah, Mark D.

Published
2023
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9. Aldafermin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ALPINE 2/3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial

Author

Harrison, Stephen A, Abdelmalek, Manal F, Neff, Guy, Gunn, Nadege, Guy, Cynthia D, Alkhouri, Naim, Bashir, Mustafa R, Freilich, Bradley, Kohli, Anita, Khazanchi, Arun, Sheikh, Muhammad Y, Leibowitz, Mark, Rinella, Mary E, Siddiqui, Mohammad S, Kipnes, Mark, Moussa, Sam E, Younes, Ziad H, Bansal, Meena, Baum, Seth J, Borg, Brian, Ruane, Peter J, Thuluvath, Paul J, Gottwald, Mildred, Khan, Mujib, Chen, Charles, Melchor-Khan, Liza, Chang, William, DePaoli, Alex M, Ling, Lei, and Lieu, Hsiao D

Published
2022
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10. Liver transplant recipients have worse metabolic body phenotype compared with matched non‐transplant controls.

Author

Bhati, Chandra, Kirkman, Danielle, Forsgren, Mikael F, Kamal, Hiba, Khan, Hiba, Boyett, Sherry, Leinhard, Olof Dahlqvist, Linge, Jennifer, Patel, Vaishali, Patel, Samarth, Wolver, Susan, and Siddiqui, Mohammad S

Subjects
ABDOMINAL adipose tissue, ADIPOSE tissues, BODY composition, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, BODY mass index
Abstract

Background and Aim: Quantification of body compartments, particularly the interaction between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, is emerging as novel a biomarker of metabolic health. The present study evaluated the impact of liver transplant (LT) on body compartments. Methods: Totally 66 adult LT recipients were enrolled in whom body compartments including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT), muscle fat infiltration (MFI), fat‐free muscle volume (FFMV), and liver fat (LF) were quantified via whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To provide non‐LT comparison, each LT recipient was matched to at least 150 non‐LT controls for same sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) from the UK Biobank registry. Results: LT recipients (vs matched non‐LT controls) had significantly higher subcutaneous (13.82 ± 5.47 vs 12.10 ± 5.10 L, P < 0.001) and visceral fat (7.59 ± 3.75 vs 6.72 ± 3.06 L, P = 0.003) and lower LF (5.88 ± 7.14 vs 8.75 ± 6.50%, P < 0.001) and muscle volume (11.69 ± 2.95 vs 12.12 ± 2.90 L, P = 0.027). In subgroup analysis, patients transplanted for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) cirrhosis (vs non‐MASH cirrhosis) had higher ASAT, VAT, and MFI. A trend toward higher LF content was noted; however, this did not reach statistical significance (6.90 ± 7.35 vs 4.04 ± 6.23%, P = 0.189). Finally, compared with matched non‐LT controls, patients transplanted for MASH cirrhosis had higher ASAT and VAT; however, FFMV and MFI were similar. Conclusion: Using non‐LT controls, the current study established the higher‐than‐expected adiposity burden among LT recipients, which is even higher among patients transplanted for MASH cirrhosis. These findings provide data needed to design future studies developing radiomics‐based risk‐stratification strategies in LT recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Fibrosis Models to Detect Change in Fibrosis Stage

Author

Allende, Daniela, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, McCullough, Arthur J., Penumatsa, Revathi, Dasarathy, Jaividhya, Lavine, Joel E., Abdelmalek, Manal F., Bashir, Mustafa, Buie, Stephanie, Diehl, Anna Mae, Guy, Cynthia, Kigongo, Christopher, Kopping, Mariko, Malik, David, Piercy, Dawn, Chalasani, Naga, Cummings, Oscar W., Gawrieh, Samer, Ragozzino, Linda, Sandrasegaran, Kumar, Vuppalanchi, Raj, Brunt, Elizabeth M., Cattoor, Theresa, Carpenter, Danielle, Freebersyser, Janet, King, Debra, Lai, Jinping, Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent A., Siegner, Joan, Stewart, Susan, Torretta, Susan, Wriston, Kristina, Gonzalez, Maria Cardona, Davila, Jodie, Jhaveri, Manan, Kowdley, Kris V., Mukhtar, Nizar, Ness, Erik, Poitevin, Michelle, Quist, Brook, Soo, Sherilynn, Ang, Brandon, Behling, Cynthia, Bhatt, Archana, Loomba, Rohit, Middleton, Michael S., Sirlin, Claude, Akhter, Maheen F., Bass, Nathan M., Brandman, Danielle, Gill, Ryan, Hameed, Bilal, Maher, Jacqueline, Terrault, Norah, Ungermann, Ashley, Yeh, Matthew, Boyett, Sherry, Contos, Melissa J., Kirwin, Sherri, Luketic, Velimir A.C., Puri, Puneet, Sanyal, Arun J., Schlosser, Jolene, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Yost-Schomer, Leslie, Fowler, Kathryn, Kleiner, David E., Doo, Edward C., Hall, Sherry, Hoofnagle, Jay H., Lee, Jessica J., Robuck, Patricia R., Sherker, Averell H., Torrance, Rebecca, Belt, Patricia, Clark, Jeanne M., Dodge, John, Donithan, Michele, Hallinan, Erin, Isaacson, Milana, Lazo, Mariana, Meinert, Jill, Miriel, Laura, Smith, Jacqueline, Smith, Michael, Sternberg, Alice, Tonascia, James, Van Natta, Mark L., Wagoner, Annette, Wilson, Laura A., Yamada, Goro, Yates, Katherine, Siddiqui, Mohammad Shadab, Van Natta, Mark, and Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent

Published
2019
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17. Low and High Birth Weights Are Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

Author

Abrams, Stephanie H., Barlow, Sarah, Himes, Ryan, Krisnamurthy, Rajesh, Maldonado, Leanel, Mahabir, Rory, Carr, April, Bernstein, Kimberlee, Bramlage, Kristin, Cecil, Kim, DeVore, Stephanie, Kohli, Rohit, Lake, Kathleen, Podberesky, Daniel, Towbin, Alex, Xanthakos, Stavra, Allende, Daniela, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, McCullough, Arthur J., Pagadala, Mangesh, Pai, Rish, Winston, Cha'Ron, Behr, Gerald, Lavine, Joel E., Lefkowitch, Jay H., Mencin, Ali, Reynoso, Elena, Abdelmalek, Manal F., Bashir, Mustafa, Buie, Stephanie, Diehl, Anna Mae, Guy, Cynthia, Kigongo, Christopher, Malik, David, Pan, Yi-Ping, Piercy, Dawn, Kopping, Mariko, Thrasher, Tyler, Alazraki, Adina, Cleeton, Rebecca, Cordero, Maria, Hernandez, Albert, Karpen, Saul, Munos, Jessica Cruz, Raviele, Nicholas, Vos, Miriam, Bozic, Molly, Chalasani, Naga, Cummings, Oscar W., Gawrieh, Samer, Klipsch, Ann, Molleston, Jean P., Ragozzino, Emily, Ragozzino, Linda, Sandrasegaran, Kumar, Subbarao, Girish, Vuppalanchi, Raj, Walker, Laura, Kafka, Kimberly, Scheimann, Ann, Ito, Joy, Fishbein, Mark H., Mohammad, Saeed, Rigsby, Cynthia, Sharda, Lisa, Whitington, Peter F., Cattoor, Theresa, Derdoy, Jose, Freebersyser, Janet, Jain, Ajay, King, Debra, Lai, Jinping, Osmack, Pat, Siegner, Joan, Stewart, Susan, Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent A., Torretta, Susan, Wriston, Kristina, Assadian, Fereshteh, Barone, Vanessa, Gonzalez, Maria Cardona, Davila, Jodie, Fix, Oren, Hennessey, Kelly Anne, Kowdley, Kris V., Lopez, Kacie, Ness, Erik, Poitevin, Michelle, Procaccini, Nicholas, Quist, Brook, Saddic, Alana, Wiseman, Cara, Yeh, Matthew, Baker, Susan S., Lopez-Graham, Diana, Williams, Sonja, Zhu, Lixin, Africa, Jonathan, Ang, Brandon, Awai, Hannah, Behling, Cynthia, Bhatt, Archana, Bross, Craig, Collins, Jennifer, Durelle, Janis, Harlow, Kathryn, Loomba, Rohit, Middleton, Michael, Newton, Kimberly, Paiz, Melissa, Schwimmer, Jeffrey B., Sirlin, Claude, Ugalde-Nicalo, Patricia, Villarreal, Mariana Dominguez, Aouizerat, Bradley, Bass, Nathan M., Brandman, Danielle, Courtier, Jesse, Ferrell, Linda D., Feier, Natasha, Gill, Ryan, Hameed, Bilal, Langlois, Camille, Maher, Jacqueline, Perito, Emily Rothbaum, Ramos, Claudia, Rosenthal, Philip, Terrault, Norah, Tsai, Patrika, Ungermann, Ashley, Atla, Pradeep, Croft, Brandon, Garcia, Rebekah, Garcia, Sonia, Sheikh, Muhammad, Singh, Mandeep, Cooper, Kara, Horslen, Simon, Hsu, Evelyn, Murray, Karen, Otto, Randolph, Young, Melissa, Boyett, Sherry, Carucci, Laura, Contos, Melissa J., Kirwin, Sherri, Kraft, Kenneth, Luketic, Velimir A.C., Puri, Puneet, Sanyal, Arun J., Schlosser, Jolene, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Brunt, Elizabeth M., Fowler, Kathryn, Kleiner, David E., Brown, Sherry, Doo, Edward C., Hoofnagle, Jay H., Robuck, Patricia R., Sherker, Averell, Torrance, Rebecca, Belt, Patricia, Clark, Jeanne M., Donithan, Michele, Hallinan, Erin, Isaacson, Milana, May, Kevin P., Miriel, Laura, Sternberg, Alice, Tonascia, James, Van Natta, Mark, Wilson, Laura, Yates, Katherine, Newton, Kimberly P., Feldman, Haruna S., and Chambers, Christina D.

Published
2017
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18. Immune Activation Mediates the Association of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis With Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Author

Jain, Vardhmaan, Mehta, Anurag, Lee, Terence B., Chang Liu, Chew, Nicholas W. S., Yi-An Ko, Gold, Matthew E., Gold, Daniel A., Vatsa, Nishant, Desai, Shivang R., Kim, Jonathan H., Rahbar, Alireza, Haroun, Yazan, Ejaz, Kiran, Hayek, Salim S., Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Salloum, Fadi N., Sperling, Laurence S., Sanyal, Arun J., and Quyyumi, Arshed A.

Published
2023
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25. Symptom Domain Groups of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Tools Independently Predict Hospitalizations and Re-hospitalizations in Cirrhosis

Author

Patidar, Kavish R., Thacker, Leroy R., Wade, James B., White, Melanie B., Gavis, Edith A., Fagan, Andrew, Sterling, Richard K., Fuchs, Michael, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Matherly, Scott, Stravitz, Richard T., Sanyal, Arun J., Puri, Puneet, Luketic, Velimir A., and Bajaj, Jasmohan S.

Published
2017
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32. Enhancement of functional connectivity, working memory and inhibitory control on multi-modal brain MR imaging with Rifaximin in Cirrhosis: Implications for the gut-liver-brain axis

Author

Ahluwalia, Vishwadeep, Wade, James B., Heuman, Douglas M., Hammeke, Thomas A., Sanyal, Arun J., Sterling, Richard K., Stravitz, R. Todd, Luketic, Velimir, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Puri, Puneet, Fuchs, Michael, Lennon, Micheal J., Kraft, Kenneth A., Gilles, HoChong, White, Melanie B., Noble, Nicole A., and Bajaj, Jasmohan S.

Published
2014
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34. Obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease: where do we stand?

Author

Carbone, Salvatore, Canada, Justin M, Billingsley, Hayley E, Siddiqui, Mohammad S, Elagizi, Andrew, and Lavie, Carl J

Subjects
Inflammation, obesity, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, Hemodynamics, Nutritional Status, Review, Comorbidity, Protective Factors, Prognosis, obesity paradox, cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Humans, Diet, Healthy, Inflammation Mediators, Exercise, Risk Reduction Behavior
Abstract

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly heart failure (HF) and coronary heart disease (CHD). The mechanisms through which obesity increases CVD risk involve changes in body composition that can affect hemodynamics and alters heart structure. Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the adipose tissue itself which can induce cardiac dysfunction and can promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. When obesity and HF or CHD coexist, individuals with class I obesity present a more favorable prognosis compared to individuals who are normal or underweight. This phenomenon has been termed the “obesity paradox.” Obesity is defined as an excess fat mass (FM), but individuals with obesity typically also present with an increased amount of lean mass (LM). The increase in LM may explain part of the obesity paradox as it is associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a major determinant of clinical outcomes in the general population, but particularly in those with CVD, including HF. While increased LM is a stronger prognosticator in HF compared to FM, in patients with CHD excess FM can exert protective effects particularly when not associated with increased systemic inflammation. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms through which obesity may increase the risk for CVD, and how it may exert protective effects in the setting of established CVD, with a focus on body composition. We also highlight the importance of measuring or estimating CRF, including body composition-adjusted measures of CRF (ie, lean peak oxygen consumption) for an improved risk status stratification in patients with CVD and finally, we discuss the potential non-pharmacologic therapeutics, such as exercise training and dietary interventions, aimed at improving CRF and perhaps clinical outcomes.

Published
2019

38. Differential fuel utilization in liver transplant recipients and its relationship with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Author

Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Patel, Samarth, Forsgren, Mikael, Bui, Anh T., Shen, Steve, Syed, Taseen, Boyett, Sherry, Chen, Shanshan, Sanyal, Arun J., Wolver, Susan, Kirkman, Danielle, Celi, Francesco S., and Bhati, Chandra S.

Subjects
*NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease, *BURNUP (Nuclear chemistry), *LIVER transplantation, *RESPIRATORY quotient, *BODY mass index
Abstract

Metabolic flexibility is the ability to match biofuel availability to utilization. Reduced metabolic flexibility, or lower fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the fasted state, is associated with obesity. The present study evaluated metabolic flexibility after liver transplantation (LT). Methods: Patients receiving LT for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 35) and non‐NASH (n = 10) were enrolled. NASH was chosen as these patients are at the highest risk of metabolic complications. Metabolic flexibility was measured using whole‐body calorimetry and expressed as respiratory quotient (RQ), which ranges from 0.7 (pure FA oxidation) to 1.0 is (carbohydrate oxidation). Results: The two cohorts were similar except for a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the NASH cohort. Post‐prandially, RQ increased in both cohorts (i.e. greater carbohydrate utilization) but peak RQ and time at peak RQ was higher in the NASH cohort. Fasting RQ in NASH was significantly higher (0.845 vs. 0.772, p <.001), indicative of impaired FA utilization. In subgroup analysis of the NASH cohort, body mass index but not liver fat content (MRI‐PDFF) was an independent predictor of fasting RQ. In NASH, fasting RQ inversely correlated with fat‐free muscle volume and directly with visceral adipose tissue. Conclusion: Reduced metabolic flexibility in patients transplanted for NASH cirrhosis may precede the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease after LT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. Post-Transplant Biliary Strictures: An Updated Review.

Author

Fasullo, Matthew, Shah, Tilak, Zhou, Huiping, and Siddiqui, Mohammad S.

Subjects
LIVER transplantation, CHOLANGITIS, DEATH rate, LIVER diseases, DIAGNOSIS methods
Abstract

Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative therapy in patients with end-stage liver disease with excellent long-term survival; however, LT recipients are at risk of significant complications. Among these complications are biliary complications with an incidence ranging from 5 to 32% and associated with significant post-LT morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and management are critical as these complications have been associated with mortality rates up to 19% and retransplantation rates up to 13%. An important limitation of published studies is that a large proportion does not discriminate between anastomotic strictures and nonanastomotic strictures. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of risk factors and natural history, diagnostic testing, and treatment options for post-LT biliary strictures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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43. Validation of the accuracy of the FAST™ score for detecting patients with at-risk nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a North American cohort and comparison to other non-invasive algorithms.

Author

Woreta, Tinsay A., Van Natta, Mark L., Lazo, Mariana, Krishnan, Arunkumar, Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent A., Loomba, Rohit, Mae Diehl, Anna, Abdelmalek, Manal F., Chalasani, Naga, Gawrieh, Samer, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Vuppalanchi, Raj, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Kowdley, Kris V., McCullough, Arthur, Terrault, Norah A., Behling, Cynthia, Kleiner, David E., Fishbein, Mark, and Hertel, Paula

Subjects
ASPARTATE aminotransferase, NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NONINVASIVE diagnostic tests
Abstract

Background and aims: Management of patients with NASH who are at elevated risk of progressing to complications of cirrhosis (at-risk NASH) would be enhanced by an accurate, noninvasive diagnostic test. The new FAST™ score, a combination of FibroScan® parameters liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), has shown good diagnostic accuracy for at-risk NASH (area-under-the-Receiver-Operating-Characteristic [AUROC] = 0.80) in European cohorts. We aimed to validate the FAST™ score in a North American cohort and show how its diagnostic accuracy might vary by patient mix. We also compared the diagnostic performance of FAST™ to other non-invasive algorithms for the diagnosis of at-risk NASH. Methods: We studied adults with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from the multicenter NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN) Adult Database 2 (DB2) cohort study. At-risk-NASH was histologically defined as definite NASH with a NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) ≥ 4 with at least 1 point in each category and a fibrosis stage ≥ 2. We used the Echosens® formula for FAST™ from LSM (kPa), CAP (dB/m), and AST (U/L), and the FAST™-based Rule-Out (FAST™ ≤ 0.35, sensitivity = 90%) and Rule-In (FAST™ ≥ 0.67, specificity = 90%) zones. We determined the following diagnostic performance measures: AUROC, sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV); these were calculated for the total sample and by subgroups of patients and by FibroScan® exam features. We also compared the at-risk NASH diagnostic performance of FAST™ to other non-invasive algorithms: NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, and AST to platelet ratio index (APRI). Results: The NASH CRN population of 585 patients was 62% female, 79% white, 14% Hispanic, and 73% obese; the mean age was 51 years. The mean (SD) AST and ALT were 50 (37) U/L and 66 (45) U/L, respectively. 214 (37%) had at-risk NASH. The AUROC of FAST™ for at-risk NASH in the NASH CRN study population was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.84. Using FAST™-based cut-offs, 35% of patients were ruled-out with corresponding NPV = 0.90 and 27% of patients were ruled-in with corresponding PPV = 0.69. The diagnostic accuracy of FAST™ was higher in non-whites vs. whites (AUROC: 0.91 vs 0.78; p = 0.001), and in patients with a normal BMI vs. BMI > 35 kg/m2 (AUROC: 0.94 vs 0.78, p = 0.008). No differences were observed by other patient characteristics or FibroScan® exam features. The FAST™ score had higher diagnostic accuracy than other non-invasive algorithms for the diagnosis of at-risk NASH (AUROC for NFS, FIB-4, and APRI 0.67, 0.73, 0.74, respectively). Conclusion: We validated the FAST™ score for the diagnosis of at-risk NASH in a large, multi-racial population in North America, with a prevalence of at-risk NASH of 37%. Diagnostic performance varies by subgroups of NASH patients defined by race and obesity. FAST™ performed better than other non-invasive algorithms for the diagnosis of at-risk NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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45. Liver-Unrelated Comorbid Conditions Do Not Affect Cognitive Performance or Hepatic Encephalopathy Progression in Cirrhosis.

Author

Acharya, Chathur, Nadhem, Omar, Shaw, Jawaid, Hassouneh, Ramzi, Fagan, Andrew, McGeorge, Sara, Sterling, Richard K., Puri, Puneet, Fuchs, Michael, Luketic, Velimir, Sanyal, Arun J., Wade, James B., Gilles, HoChong S., Heuman, Douglas M., Tinsley, Felicia, Matherly, Scott, Lee, Hannah, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Thacker, Leroy R., and Bajaj, Jasmohan S.

Published
2021
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47. Mesenteric paraganglioma

Author

Muzaffar, Suhail, Fatima, Saira, Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Kayani, Naila, Pervez, Shahid, and Raja, Asad J.

Published
2002

48. Harnessing Muscle–Liver Crosstalk to Treat Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Author

Chakravarthy, Manu V., Siddiqui, Mohammad S., Forsgren, Mikael F., and Sanyal, Arun J.

Subjects
NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease, CROSSTALK, SKELETAL muscle, FAT cells
Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached epidemic proportions, affecting an estimated one-quarter of the world's adult population. Multiple organ systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of NAFLD; however, the role of skeletal muscle has until recently been largely overlooked. A growing body of evidence places skeletal muscle—via its impact on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation—and the muscle-liver axis at the center of the NAFLD pathogenic cascade. Population-based studies suggest that sarcopenia is an effect-modifier across the NAFLD spectrum in that it is tightly linked to an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and advanced liver fibrosis, all independent of obesity and insulin resistance. Longitudinal studies suggest that increases in skeletal muscle mass over time may both reduce the incidence of NAFLD and improve preexisting NAFLD. Adverse muscle composition, comprising both low muscle volume and high muscle fat infiltration (myosteatosis), is highly prevalent in patients with NAFLD. The risk of functional disability conferred by low muscle volume in NAFLD is further exacerbated by the presence of myosteatosis, which is twice as common in NAFLD as in other chronic liver diseases. Crosstalk between muscle and liver is influenced by several factors, including obesity, physical inactivity, ectopic fat deposition, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory mediators. In this perspective review, we discuss key pathophysiological processes driving sarcopenia in NAFLD: anabolic resistance, insulin resistance, metabolic inflexibility and systemic inflammation. Interventions that modify muscle quantity (mass), muscle quality (fat), and physical function by simultaneously engaging multiple targets and pathways implicated in muscle-liver crosstalk may be required to address the multifactorial pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and provide effective and durable therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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49. The role of noninvasive biomarkers in diagnosis and risk stratification in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Author

Hernandez Roman, Jose and Siddiqui, Mohammad S.

Subjects
FATTY liver, LIVER disease diagnosis, LIVER enzymes, BIOMARKERS, DISEASE risk factors, NONINVASIVE diagnostic tests, CHRONIC diseases, STATISTICS
Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronically elevated liver enzymes. Diagnosis and risk stratification of NAFLD remains clinically challenge as patients with NAFLD are either asymptomatic or have nonspecific presenting complaints and may have normal liver enzymes. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the clinically aggressive variant of NAFLD, is also difficult to differentiate noninvasively, and a liver biopsy is required to definitively diagnose NASH. Thus, the definitive diagnosis and risk stratification of NAFLD is embedded in histological assessment of the liver. Several clinical aides been investigated in an attempt to risk stratify and identify patients noninvasively as doing a liver biopsy in all patients with NAFLD are not feasible. Since these biomarkers are unable to differentiate NASH from non‐NASH, they have leveraged biochemical changes within the liver as patients progress to varying degree of hepatic fibrosis to identify patients with moderate fibrosis (fibrosis stage 2 or greater) and advanced fibrosis (fibrosis stage 3 or greater) to help guide the need for additional and more definitive workup. These clinical aides span from by‐products of apoptosis to statistical modelling of clinically available data to identify 'at‐risk' patients with NAFLD. The current review will focus the diagnostic performance of these noninvasive serum‐based biomarkers in NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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