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The article examines the 2024 European Parliament elections in Spain as an element of national and European political pro-cess. The purpose of the study is to reveal key factors that in-fluenced voting outcome in Spain, as well as its possible im-plications for national political development and country’s role in the European Union. The research is based on the of-ficial data on the election results in Spain and the European Union, Spanish national statistics, Russian and Spanish think tanks’ and news agencies’ publications. The factors that shaped the campaign course and election results include spe-cific features of Spain's administrative territorial structure; na-tional rules for the European Parliament elections; character-istics of the Spanish party system and national political pro-cess dynamics. The voting results were also influenced by the growing political appeal of national-conservative ideas and candidates’ reliance on unconventional methods of campaign-ing. The political and ideological balance among Spanish members of the newly-elected European Parliament reflects stronger presence of the right-wing, including far-right politi-cal forces, which is in line with general European trends. However, the traditional political competitors, the center-left Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party and the center-right People’s Party, which consistently take a pro-European stance, have retained their leading positions. This draws a conclusion about the probable continuity of Spain's course in the new European legislature and its further pursuit of greater integration.

Background. Modern higher education is focused on creating conditions for developing systems thinking skills and reducing the negative impact of clip thinking on the cognitive abilities of the younger generation. Digital technologies contribute to the development of students’ skills such as multitasking, reaction speed, a high degree of adaptability, but also negatively affect the perception of the world around them, students stop analyzing the information they receive and do not strive to make a complete picture of the fragments received. Purpose. Identify psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of systems thinking skills and reducing the negative impact of clip thinking on the process of learning a foreign language. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by analyzing scientific, educational and methodological literature and pedagogical experience in the formation of cognitive competence among students of higher educational institutions. The article interprets, analyzes and generalizes the theoretical principles and practical experience of developing students’ systems thinking skills, and also studies the influence of clip thinking on the cognitive process in foreign language classes. Results. The author identified the main learning difficulties caused by the negative impact of clip thinking, and proposed psychological and pedagogical conditions for their minimization and the formation of systems thinking skills. The basis of the psychological and pedagogical conditions is the implementation of problem-based learning through solving communicative tasks in the process of studying modern forms of the English verb. The obtained research results contribute to the methodology and technology of modern professional education, expand the understanding of the role of problematic communicative tasks in foreign language classes and speak about the need to rely on students’ ability to multitask and the mechanism of adaptation to information overload.

The publishing industry of the world’s developed countries is not only an important component of ideo- logical, political, and cultural influence on society but also a significant part of filling the state treasury. The purpose of the proposed article is a retrospective analysis of the global book publishing industry and its development in accordance with various statistical accounting systems against the background of Ukrainian realities. The main tasks of the research were to show the current state of the book publishing industry of Ukraine, to analyze the modern systems of the world statistical accounting of books and, in accordance with them, the generalized results of activity over the past five years. The methodological basis was the source analysis, based on a complex of general scientific and special methods and approaches. To analyze the results of the publishing activity of different countries, mathematical statistics and analogy, in combination with deductive and inductive methods of scientific knowledge, were used. The article’s scientific novelty is the search for the optimal form of organization of statistical accounting of publishing products, which would allow analyzing the industry’s real state, its achievements, and gaps. The conducted research determines that currently there is no complete statistical database of the results of the global publishing industry. The existing accounting system of publishing products in Ukraine does not meet the set tasks and can only serve as a tangential, clarifying or checking element. The most optimal organization of information collection is based on the number of books sold and the income received. This practice has already been developed in certain countries, particularly in ten countries cared for by the Nielsen BookScan company, which collects information directly at the points of sale. It was also concluded that the publishing industries of post-socialist countries are significantly behind their counterparts in the countries of the developed world. The processes that take place in the modern publishing field are fast-moving and require the constant attention of scientists.

Abstract Forestalling the decline of global biodiversity requires urgent and transformative action at all levels of government and society, particularly in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas where rapid changes are already underway. Amid growing scientific support and mounting pressure, the majority of nations have committed to the most ambitious conservation targets yet. However, without an approach that inclusively and equitably reconciles conservation and sustainable ocean use, these targets will likely go unmet. Here, we present ArcNet: a network design framework to help achieve ocean-scale, area-based marine conservation in the Arctic. The framework is centred around a suite of web-based tools and a ~ 5.9 million km2 network of 83 priority areas for conservation designed through expert-driven systematic conservation planning using conservation targets for over 800 features representing Arctic biodiversity. The ArcNet framework is intended to help adapt to new and emerging information, foster collaboration, and identify tailored conservation measures within a global context at different levels of planning and implementation.

This paper aims to examine the intellectual structure of sustainable business development studies and to gain an in-depth perspective on its future development. To achieve the research objectives, we applied methods of bibliometric analysis (WoS tools, co-citation analysis, co-word analysis, and bibliographic coupling) to the dataset extracted from the Web of Science. The main research domains of the researched field were distinguished based on the cluster interpretation. Specifically, both co-word analysis and bibliographic coupling demonstrated the overlap between the two research domains: "Sustainable Development and Entrepreneurship" and "Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Theory," while the "Sustainable Development: Theoretical Foundations of the Research" cluster obtained via bibliographic coupling partially converged with the "Sustainable Development and Entrepreneurship" cluster received from the co-word analysis. However, the clusters "Company Performance and Innovations" extracted from co-word analysis and "Competitive Analysis and Sustainable Development" obtained from bibliographic coupling did not coincide. Furthermore, we concluded that over the last 40 years, sustainable business development studies have gone through the process of structuring induced by global changes in business and the economy.

Changes in the production of agricultural products in Ukraine are analyzed. Forecasting of the volume of exports of agricultural products from Ukraine until 2027 was carried out. The following factors were taken into account: projected changes in real GDP in those countries that are the main importers of these products; reduction of cultivated agricultural land caused by military actions; forecasted changes in the population of Ukraine during the forecast period. It was concluded that there are no threats to Ukraine's food security caused by changes in the production and export of agricultural products. The research was based on a forecasting method, which made it possible to take into account retrospective information and a number of internal and external factors affecting the processes of production and export of agricultural products. The sources of information were the data of the International Monetary Fund and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The hypotheses of the study were confirmed, and the results showed that the volume of production of agricultural products will be sufficient to support the population of the country, while maintaining the previous proportion of exports. At the same time, there is a potential for growth of the share of products that Ukraine can export. The forecast volumes of export of Ukrainian agricultural products obtained can serve as a guideline for regulating exports, taking into account the issue of food security in Ukraine.

The aim. To analyze the influence of the duration of acute myocardial ischemia, specifically in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) electrocardiographic patterns, on the outcomes of reperfusion interventions. We focused on the assessment of immediate angiographic data in the catheterization laboratory after stenting and investigated whether the frequency of the no-reflow phenomenon is dependent on the time since the onset of anginal pain. Our hypothesis of inferior immediate treatment outcomes is based on the pathophysiological course of ischemic-reperfusion injury in patients with late myocardial infarction. Primarily, this is due to the development of myocardial edema, leading to extravascular compression of the vessel, thereby influencing Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade 0 blood flow. Materials and methods. We conducted an analysis of 107 angiograms of STEMI patients, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at the Amosov National Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery between 2021 and 2023. The patients were categorized into four groups based on the duration of acute myocardial ischemia. The first group included patients with ischemia duration up to two hours, aligning with the golden window for revascularization recommended by the European guidelines. The second, third, and fourth groups consisted of patients with ischemia durations of 3-12 hours, 12-24 hours, and over 48 hours, respectively. Results. Of 104 patients, complete restoration of coronary circulation was achieved in 88 cases, while, unfortunately, 16 patients had TIMI 0/1 blood flow. Such a probability of complication is 15.3% in the studied cohort. According to the clinical profile, the patients were divided into those who had no-reflow (main group) and patients with complete restoration of blood flow (control group). In the group of unrestored blood flow, cardiogenic shock occurred more often, and the infarct-dependent artery was more often occluded than suboccluded. The technique of percutaneous intervention was similar in both groups. Conclusion. The frequency of the no-reflow phenomenon increases with the duration of acute myocardial ischemia. Patients presenting later than 48 hours since the onset of ischemia are more prone to no-reflow (62.5% vs 37.5% if less than 48 hours). Cardiogenic shock is associated with a higher likelihood of the no-reflow phenomenon. The most significant reason for the delay in delivering a STEMI patient to catheterization laboratory anamnestically is the patient’s untimely medical care seeking. In our opinion, this delay can be avoided by increasing awareness about the initial signs of myocardial infarction and the necessity of seeking immediate medical care.

This paper describes the urgent problem of remediation of the subsurface contaminated with petroleum products. A strategy for the control of petroleum contamination of the subsurface, which should be based on risk assessment and management, is proposed. Methodological approaches and factors that need to be taken into account when planning remediation actions are emphasized. On the basis of the ecological and geological substantiation and the analysis of the ecological and economic efficiency of application of modern remedial technologies the offers to planning of remediation actions in the military territories contaminated with petroleum products are developed. The case of subsurface contamination with petroleum products on the territory of the military unit (Kyiv) is described. Taking into account the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the object of research and the conditions of formation of petroleum contamination of the subsurface, the possibilities of applying current remediation technologies are considered on the contaminated site. It seems that all ex-situ remediation methods will be impractical for this site. The first step is to create a monitoring network to assess parameters and control contamination spreading. At the initial stage of remediation, the most effective methods will be removal of mobile petroleum products. The second necessary step is to assess the limits of groundwater contamination with dissolved petroleum products. If the boundaries of contaminated groundwater zone are not changed, then additional remediation actions are not required. In the future, the method of monitored natural attenuation of subsurface contamination should be used based on the risk assessment for human health and the environment.

An efficient transport system is one of the important elements of an economically developed city. The quality of transport infrastructure and the provision of logistics services primarily contribute to the accessibility or ease with which people can reach their main destinations, such as work, health care and education, using a particular mode of transport, or a combination of these. In the article, a socio-geographical analysis of transport accessibility of preschool and general educational institutions in Kharkiv and Warsaw was carried out. Features of the methodology of transport accessibility research using geoinformation systems QGIS 3.16 and ArcGis 10.7 are presented based on OpenStreetMap data. On the basis of a spatial GIS analysis of the placement of preschool and secondary education institutions, buffer zones were built, which cover the territory in a 500-meter (approximately 5-minute) accessibility zone. It was established that the cities of Kharkiv and Warsaw have a well-developed transport infrastructure, in the city of Kharkiv the structure of passenger traffic by type of transport is dominated by the subway, in the city of Warsaw - bus transport. A comparative analysis of the accessibility of preschool educational institutions by all types of public transport in Kharkiv and Warsaw showed that, in general, the share of the number of institutions located in buffer zones is practically the same by type of transport. The number of preschool educational institutions in Warsaw is 3.5 times more than in Kharkiv. In the course of the study of the transport accessibility of general educational institutions by all types of public transport in Kharkiv and Warsaw, it was established that, in general, by means of transport, the share of institutions located in buffer zones is almost equal, the number of secondary educational institutions in Warsaw is almost twice as large as in Kharkiv. The number of educational institutions located in buffer zones is almost 90%: out of 215 schools, 213 are located in public transport buffer zones. The majority of educational institutions (99%) in Warsaw are located in the buffer zones of bus routes, which indicates the wide coverage of this mode of transport. The metro provides access to 27% of the city's schools. A significant part of schools (51%) in Warsaw is located in the buffer zones of tram routes, which increases the accessibility of educational institutions. In general, the cities of Kharkiv and Warsaw are characterized by a fairly high level of transport accessibility to educational infrastructure, since more than 99% of educational institutions are located within the buffer zones of public transport, which confirms the effectiveness of the transport infrastructure of the cities in providing access to preschool and secondary education institutions.

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus Linnaeus) is one of the most important food crops in the world. In modern agroecology, this pivotal plant is deeply intertwined with diverse pollination mechanisms. This study elucidates the multifaceted contributions of various pollinator taxa, delving into their respective efficiencies and behaviors vis-à-vis sunflower reproductive success. The honeybee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) plays a central role in sunflower pollination, transferring pollen over large distances, thereby bolstering the genetic diversity of sunflower populations. While sunflowers derive immense benefits from honeybee pollination, they reciprocally offer their pollen as vital nutrition for bee larvae. However, this symbiotic relationship is nuanced, with honeybees occasionally exhibiting selectivity based on sunflower cultivar. While honeybees are paramount, the richness of the ecosystem is further accentuated by the presence of other pollinators, each contributing uniquely to the sunflower’s lifecycle. The foraging fidelity of solitary bees, such as the leafcutter bee (Megachile spp.) and mason bee (Osmia spp.), underscores their indispensable role in cross-pollination. Bumblebees (Bombus spp.) introduce a fascinating "buzz pollination" mechanism, leveraging vibrations to optimize pollen release. Simultaneously, wasps provide functions beyond pollination, serving as biocontrol agents by preying on detrimental pests. Surprisingly, mosquitoes appeared to also be contributors to pollination, especially when traditional pollinators are scarce, with their nocturnal tendencies augmenting pollination continuity. Hoverflies render dual benefits: they aid in pollination and their larvae predate on pests. While butterflies are primarily nectar-oriented, they inadvertently partake in pollen transfer. Moths, through their nocturnal activities, complement pollination. Beetles, often overlooked, act as secondary pollinators. Regrettably, contemporary agricultural practices often disrupt this ecological equilibrium. Pervasive pesticide use and habitat fragmentation imperil these pollinators, underscoring the urgent need for pollinator-friendly approaches. As climate conditions fluctuate, understanding these pollinator dynamics becomes increasingly critical. This comprehensive examination advocates for holistic conservation strategies, targeting sustained sunflower yields and broader ecosystem resilience.

This paper presents a new method for the design of separable-denominator 2-D IIR filters with nearly linear phase in the passband. The design method is based on a balanced realization model reduction technique. The nearly linear-phase 2-D IIR filter is designed using 2-D model reduction from a linear-phase 2-D FIR filter, which serves as the initial filter. The structured controllability and observability Gramians Ps and Qs serve as the foundation for this technique. onal positive-definite matrices that satisfy 2-D Lyapunov equations. An efficient method is used to compute these Gramians by minimizing the traces of Ps and Qs under linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. The use of these Gramians ensures that the resulting 2-D IIR filter preserves stability and can be implemented using a separable-denominator 2-D filter with fewer coefficients than the original 2-D FIR filter. Numerical examples show that the proposed method compares favorably with existing techniques.

Мета - оцінити діагностичне та прогностичне значення маркера Е-селектину щодо ураження серцево-судинної системи в дітей з COVID-19. Матеріали та методи. Проведено когортне, обсерваційне, ретроспективне дослідження із залученням 88 пацієнтів віком від 1 місяця до 18 років із лабораторно підтвердженим COVID-19 за допомогою метода полімеразно-ланцюгової реакції. Дітей госпіталізовано до КНП «Київська міська дитяча клінічна інфекційна лікарня». Обстежувану когорту поділено на дві групи за перебігом захворювання: основна, до якої увійшли 42 пацієнти з ускладненим перебігом COVID-19; контрольна - 46 пацієнтів із неускладненим перебігом захворювання. Враховано дані інструментального дослідження електрокардіографії (ЕКГ), скарги пацієнтів та клінічні симптоми. Під час комплексного обстеження хворих протягом першої доби перебування в стаціонарі зібрано сироватку крові пацієнтів для її подальшого дослідження на рівень Е-селектину методом імуноферментного аналізу. Використано статистичні, аналітичні методи та метод емпіричного дослідження. Для розрахунку отриманих результатів застосовано статистичну програму «Statistical software EZR v. 1.54». Результати. У пацієнтів контрольної групи Е-селектин спостерігався на рівні 12,02±1,7 нг/мл, тоді як у дітей основної групи показник був вищим - 15,04±1,9 нг/мл (p=0,034). За оцінкою прогностичного значення виявлено, що зростання рівня Е-селектину вище 10 нг/мл асоціювалося з достовірним зростанням ризику появи клінічних симптомів ураження серцево-судинної системи в дітей з COVID-19 (р

In this paper, a new optimization method for the design of nearly linear-phase two-dimensional infinite impulse (2D IIR) digital filters with a separable denominator is proposed. A design framework for 2D IIR digital filters is formulated as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem where the group delay deviation in the passband is minimized under prescribed soft magnitude constraints and hard stability requirements. To achieve this goal, sub-level sets of the group delay deviations are utilized to generate a sequence of filters, from which the one with the best performance is selected. The quality of the obtained filter is evaluated using three quality factors, namely, the passband magnitude quality factor Qh and the group delay deviation quality factor Qτ, while the third one is a new quality factor Qs that assesses the performance in the stopband relative to the minimum filter gain in the passband. The proposed framework is implemented using the interior-point (IP) method in a MATLAB environment, and the experimental results show that filters designed using the proposed method have good magnitude response and low group delay deviation. The performance of the resulting filters is compared with the results of other methods.

Bat rehabilitation centres, in addition to their main goal, namely, animal rescue, may provide a significant scientific information, and are also sites for popular science activities. This article presents the results of the work of the Minsk Bat contact centre ‘Kazhanapolis’ in 2018–2022. The work of the Сentre includes the rescue of animals by means of artificial hibernation with subsequent release into the wild. Species identification is carried out directly when possible, but sometimes also by photographs. During the hibernation seasons (October–March) in 2018 to 2022, 565 finds were recorded, accounting for more than 730 individuals of 10 species of bats, including Barbastella barbastellus, Epte-sicus nilssonii, E. serotinus, Myotis dasycneme, M. daubentonii, Nyctalus noctu-la, Pipistrellus kuhlii, P. pygmaeus, Plecotus auritus, and Vespertilio murinus. Data were collected from 56 unique localities. Compared to the previous period of work (2007–2017), an increase in the number of recorded species, in the total number of individuals, as well as in the number of localities is shown. By the number of finds (55.47%), as well as recorded specimens (71.32%), V. murinus prevails. A significant proportion (more than 5%) of records are those of N. noctula (23.28% ind. and 8.31% finds), E. serotinus (8.9% ind. and 11.32% finds), and E. nilssonii (5.75% ind. and 3% finds). We consider the record of P. pygmaeus as accidental or migrant. Most of the finds of V. murinus, E. serotinus, P. auritus, P. kuhlii, M. dasycneme, and P. pygmaeus were represented by solitary individuals. N. noctula, E. nilssonii, M. daubentonii, and B. barbastellus are mainly recorded in colonies. The largest colony size (more than 100 ind.) was recorded for N. noctula. The sex ratio (M : F) ranges from 33.3 : 66.6% in E. nilssonii to 74.2 : 25.8% in N. noctula. Plecotus auritus and Myotis dasycneme are represented exclusively by females. Thus, we state the dominance in the species structure of wintering ‘urban bat species’ in Belarus of V. murinus and, at the same time, the expansion of the winter range of N. noctula and P. kuhlii. In addition, the collected data signifi-cantly contribute to our knowledge on the winter range and some hibernation traits of B. barbastellus, M. dasycneme, E. nilssonii, and E. serotinus in Belarus and Eastern Europe.

Problem statement. Educational institutions are actively moving towards digitalization processes. These processes have to be implemented not from scratch, but taking into account the databases, information systems and technologies already applied at the informatization stage and used. Therefore, issues related to the concept of digital transformation of educational organizations become relevant. The study aimed to present the general principles and approaches to the implementation of the digital transformation of educational business processes, formed on the basis of studying domestic and foreign experience, as well as on the basis of the author's experience of participating in the informatization and digitalization of educational institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan. Methodology. The methods for systematizing the approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to the definition of the concept of digital transformation, problems, experience and prospects for the digitalization of educational organizations, methods of mathematical and computer modeling, methods of development of information management systems, methods of quality management system were used. Results. The experience and principles of continuous digital transformation of the quality management of educational business processes at the Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies are presented. The distinctive features of digital transformation are described: documentation support for educational programs, publishing process, intermediate certification, digital footprint formation, teaching workload management for teachers, classroom fund, system of local regulations, executive discipline of employees (“Executor Calendar”). As a result of the digital transformation of the quality management of educational business processes, an increase in target indicators and an increase in the efficiency of educational processes were noted. Conclusion. Digital transformation should develop the positive results of the informatization stage. Using the principles of the process approach, standardization and documentation of processes within the quality management system simplifies the setting of the goal and objectives of digital transformation. The principles of ensuring demand and process control allow us to consider the digital transformation of process quality management as an indicative feedback control system. The tasks of digital transformation should include: continuous improvement of the activities of an educational organization, optimization of procedures for achieving its target indicators, prevention of various inconsistencies. Digitalization processes must be continuous, taking into account the constantly changing external and internal challenges and expectations of the education system and society.

Background and objectivesPost-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is a significant concern in the elderly population, with stroke being a leading cause of epilepsy in this demographic. Several factors have shown consistent associations with the risk of developing PSE, including cortical lesions, initial stroke severity, younger age, and the occurrence of early seizures. The primary objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) to determine the incidence of PSE and (2) to identify the risk factors associated with PSE in a prospective cohort of post-stroke patients.MethodsA prospective single-hospital study was conducted, involving patients diagnosed with acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The patients were followed up for 2 years (or until death) from the time of admission. Data about seizure occurrence and recurrent stroke were collected. Kaplan–Meyer curves were used for the assessment of PSE incidence and mortality. Possible predictors of PSE and mortality were selected from between-group analysis and tested in multivariable regressions.ResultsOur study enrolled a total of 424 patients diagnosed with acute stroke. Among them, 97 cases (23%) experienced early post-stroke seizures, and 28 patients (6.6%) developed PSE. The cumulative risks of developing PSE were found to be 15.4% after hemorrhagic stroke and 8.7% after ischemic stroke. In multivariable fine and gray regression with competitive risk of death, significant predictors for developing PSE in the ischemic cohort were watershed infarction (HR 6.01, 95% CI 2.29–15.77, p < 0.001) and low Barthel index at discharge (HR 0.98, CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.04). Furthermore, patients who eventually developed PSE showed slower recovery and presented a worse neurologic status at the time of discharge. The in-hospital dynamics of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were significantly worse in the PSE group compared to the non-PSE group (p = 0.01).DiscussionA higher proportion of cases experienced early seizures compared to what has been commonly reported in similar studies. Watershed stroke and low Barthel index at discharge were both identified as independent risk factors of PSE in ischemic strokes, which sheds light on the underlying mechanisms that may predispose individuals to post-stroke epilepsy after experiencing an ischemic stroke.

Despite the substantial threat that macroeconomic crisis and war pose to the economic activity of organizations, little attention is paid in the existing literature to the rigorous identification and quantification of such effects. Given this fact, the purpose of the study is to rigorously estimate and quantify the effects of military aggression on the economic activity of organizations in the context of macroeconomic crises. The research methodology includes empirical and quantitative analysis. The empirical analysis was conducted on the basis of official statistical data of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. Quantitative analysis is based on Event Study and Difference-in-Difference methods to quantify the impact of macroeconomic crises and the war on the organization. Quantitative estimates of the negative impacts of two macroeconomic crises (2009 and 2014–2015) and military action (which began in 2014, but does not take into account its new stage – war from 2022) in Ukraine on the freight traffic of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia" were obtained. The application of the proposed approach to assessing the effect of war due to its universality is possible for the needs and goals not only of transport companies but also of other organizations. The novelty – among the available developments on this issue, a formal assessment of the effect of military aggression which began in 2014 in the macroeconomic crises’ context was conducted for the first time using the existing methods, which allows obtaining parameter estimates resistant to individual-specific and time-specific heterogeneity.

У статті розглянуто сутність і особливості пра­вового регулювання видатків бюджету на сектор національної безпеки і оборони в умовах воєнно­го стану, визначено їхній вплив на забезпечен­ня економіки країни, обороноздатності, а також безпеки держави та суспільства. Обґрунтовано, що забезпечення належного рівня фінансування сектору національної безпеки та оборони - це важлива складова для ефективного функціону­вання та захисту держави. З'ясовано, що джере­лом ресурсів для реалізації таких пріоритетних функцій держави як забезпечення національної безпеки та оборони є кошти державного бюджету та місцевих бюджетів. Сформульовано власне ви­значення поняття «видатки бюджету», здійснено аналіз основних нормативно-правових актів, які регулюють фінансування сектору безпеки і обо­рони України. Виокремлено особливості фінан­сування та матеріально-технічного забезпечення національного спротиву зокрема, та сектору наці­ональної безпеки і оборони в цілому. Вказано на необхідність внесення змін до нормативно-право­вих актів щодо забезпечення належного фінансу­вання сектору національної безпеки і оборони з урахуванням вимог про запобігання та усунення факторів, що сприяють виникненню та поширен­ню корупції у цій сфері. Сформульовано пропо­зиції щодо вдосконалення чинного законодавства України в частині забезпечення належного фінан­сування сектору національної безпеки і оборони та ефективного використання видатків бюдже­ту на вказаний сектор в умовах війни, зокре­ма: збільшення видатків на сектор національної безпеки і оборони та визначення їх оптимальної структури; наповнення місцевих бюджетів за ра­хунок ефективних дій місцевої влади; розробка єдиної бюджетної стратегії фінансування сектору безпеки і оборони; забезпечення належного дер­жавного контролю за видатками бюджету на сек­тор безпеки і оборони шляхом створення окремо­го незалежного підрозділу.

Objectives: evaluation of changes in the endometrial-myometrial junction (EMJ) in the combined pathology of the endometrium and myometrium. Materials and methods. 50 perimenopausal women with combined pathology of the endometrium and myometrium (main group) were examined. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy women of the same age who were examined for the male factor of infertility. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included clinical and paraclinical research methods. Patients were examined using transvaginal ultrasound. The DEERS (Diseases of Endometrium – Evaluation and Risk scoring System) index was used for the integral assessment of the endometrium and myometrium state. Results. The average age of women was 43.4 ± 1.2 years. The combination of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and intramural uterine myoma was found in 58.0% of cases, EH and submucous uterine myoma – in 14.0%, EH and endometrial polyps – in 10.0%, EH and external peritoneal endometriosis – in 12.0%, EH and adenomyosis – in 4.0%, EH, adenomyosis and uterine fibroids – in 2.0%. The blood flow rate in the uterine arteries in the main group was 38.8 ± 0.6 cm/s, resistance index – 0.8 ± 0.04, pulsation index – 1.3 ± 0.1. In the control group the blood flow rate in the uterine arteries was 42.2 ± 0.8 cm/s without a clear difference of the sides, the resistance index – 0.9 ± 0.1, the pulsation index – 1.2 ± 0.1 (p > 0.05). The total DEERS score in the main group was 13.2 ± 0.4 points, in the control group it was 7.3 ± 0.7 points. In the vast majority of cases (88.0%) EMJ was not involved in the pathological process. The average thickness of the EMJ in women from the control group was 0.45 ± 0.05 cm, in the main group – 0.42 ± 0.03 cm. At the same time, 36 (72.0%) women with combined pathology of the endometrium and myometrium had signs of hypomobility EMJ. Conclusions. EMJ was not involved in the pathological process in the vast majority of patients with combined pathology of the endometrium and myometrium. At the same time, some women with combined pathology of the endometrium and myometrium showed signs of hypomobility of the EMJ.

Предметом дослідження є аналіз особливостей використання методів і можливостей інформаційних технологій, а також електронних пристроїв-носіїв Інтернету речей для розроблення комбінованої системи з метою визначення їх особливостей. Мета роботи – вивчення та аналіз використання розумних технологій для "розумного" міста на основі комбінування інформаційних технологій та пристроїв Інтернету речей, а також визначення ключових критеріїв розвитку сучасних міст та впливу на покращення якості життя для населення. Відповідно до мети сформовано такі завдання: розглянути основні можливості застосування інформаційних технологій у поєднанні з електронними вимірювально-обчислювальними пристроями Інтернету речей; визначити особливості побудови моделей інформаційних технологій з підключенням пристроїв Інтернету речей до комутаційних мереж; проаналізувати архітектуру туманних та граничних обчислень для пристроїв Інтернету речей; з’ясувати основні ризики та проблеми з питань кібербезпеки з шифруванням інформації пристроїв Інтернету речей за допомогою спеціальних алгоритмів; встановити основні критерії кожної окремої системи розумних технологій для "розумного" міста; на основі виокремлених критеріїв з’ясувати доцільність потреб із потребами населення. Актуальною проблемою є визначення та дослідження основних можливостей використання розумних технологій з метою виявлення проблем, пов’язаних із доцільністю забезпечення потреб для населення. У статті розглядається та досліджується вплив комбінованої системи із сукупністю розумних технологій на покращення якості життя з використанням восьми розгалужених систем, а саме: "розумна" інфраструктура, "розумна" економіка, "розумне" довкілля, "розумне" управління, "розумний" транспорт, "розумні" послуги, "розумні" люди та "розумне" життя. Сукупність критеріїв кожної окремої системи необхідно проаналізувати й визначити відповідність до потреб населення для того, щоб комбінована система "розумного" міста мала змогу забезпечити населення умовами, здатними покращити якість життя. Науковою новизною роботи є розроблення та впровадження концепції комбінованої системи "розумного" міста для відповідності задоволення потреб серед населення з покращенням рівня якості життя. Здобуті результати. Розумні технології ґрунтуються на використанні сучасних технологій, інформації та інновацій для досягнення сталого розвитку окремих систем із визначенням критеріїв, де проаналізовано таке: "розумна" інфраструктура сприяє створенню зручного, ефективного та сталого міського середовища; "розумний" транспорт забезпечує покращення руху й мобільності, зменшує негативний вплив на довкілля, підвищує безпеку й зручність для громадян; "розумне" управління відіграє вагомий внесок у розвиток різних сфер, сприяючи ефективному використанню ресурсів, та покращує якість життя зі сталим розвитком для населення; "розумне" довкілля уможливлює збереження природних ресурсів, зменшує негативний вплив на довкілля та забезпечує покращення якості життя для населення; "розумні" послуги сприяють сталому розвитку галузей охорони здоров’я, фінансів, логістики туризму, що допомагає створювати більш зручне й ефективне середовище для споживачів і покращувати якість і доступність різних послуг; "розумні" люди вкладають значний внесок у розвиток і застосування нових можливостей для розроблення інформаційних технологій у поєднанні з Інтернетом речей; "розумне" життя забезпечує сталий розвиток для громадян на основі використання технологій з покращення аспектів повсякденного життя; "розумна" економіка створює умови для впровадження технологічних рішень і сприяє більш ефективному функціюванню економіки країни. Висновки. Результати дослідження демонструють вплив комбінованої системи "розумного" міста на покращення рівня якості життя, що пояснюється визначенням відповідності з потребами й умовами населення. Отже, сукупність критеріїв кожної розумної технології дає змогу трансформувати місто в загальну комбіновану систему з цифровим обслуговуванням для надання послуг. З огляду на здобуті результати та сформовану наукову новизну можна стверджувати, що кожна окрема система розумних технологій задовольняє різні потреби населення й може слугувати для подальшого дослідження щодо створення цифрової моделі "міста майбутнього" із залученням відповідного програмного забезпечення.

The article considers the peculiarity of fairy tale inserted transmission about the bird Semrug from the novel “Zuleikha opens her eyes” by Guzel Yakhina in the film adaptation directed by Egor Anashkin (2020). As a result of the comparative analysis of the fairy tale and the film in terms of structure, plot-motive organization, image system, context, the peculiarities of the representation of “text in text” are revealed. In summary, conclusions about the significance of the changes made to the script relative to the original source, as well as about the reasons for the preservation of individual fragments of the fairy tale are made.

Aim. To summarize and broaden the idea about mechanisms of acute coronary insufficiency development and pathophysiological features of myocardial reperfusion injury. Today, in the event of acute coronary syndrome, according to the latest recommendations for myocardial revascularization, percutaneous coronary intervention should be performed to determine the anatomy of coronary artery lesions and further percutaneous therapy. But in some patients, after blood flow restoration, reperfusion injury occurs, which is primarily related to the duration of ischemia, infarct size, and the myocardial resistance to ischemia. Treatment of myocardial infarction, like any treatment method, has evolved. In the 60s of the previous century, it included morphine, oxygen, warfarin and bed rest for 4–6 weeks. Then, during the 70s, it consisted of morphine, oxygen, lidocaine, warfarin, bed rest for 2–3 weeks and possibly coronary angiography for the further bypass surgery. The late 1970s saw the rapid progress in thrombolysis, first intravenous and then intracoronary. And starting in the early 1980s, since G. Hartzler performed the first balloon angioplasty for acute coronary artery occlusion, the stage of mechanical myocardial reperfusion has come. At the same time, knowledge about the pathophysiology of acute coronary ischemia was deepened. The World Health Organization developed ECG criteria for acute myocardial infarction using population-based studies in the 1950s–1970s, and additional four normative European regulations since then were issued defining concepts, key points of diagnosis and possible complications of myocardial infarction. Conclusions. The development of myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury is a staged process that has a complex pathogenesis, its own clinical manifestations, and an association with more negative long-term outcomes of myocardial infarction treatment. Its main components are myocardial swelling involving cardiomyocytes, endotheliocytes, and the interstitial space; downregulation of cytoskeleton and disruption of sarcolemma integrity; increased vascular wall permeability; spasm of arterioles; intravascular accumulation of platelets and leukocytes, and the resultant the most severe form of myocardial damage is intramyocardial hemorrhage. Clinically, this is manifested by the no-reflow phenomenon following percutaneous coronary intervention.

The ability to perform genomic sequencing on long-dead organisms is opening new frontiers in evolutionary research. These opportunities are especially notable in the case of museum collections, from which countless documented specimens may now be suitable for genomic analysis-if data of sufficient quality can be obtained. Here, we report 25 newly sequenced genomes from museum specimens of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including the oldest extant specimens of this species. By comparing historical samples ranging from the early 1800s to 1933 against modern-day genomes, we document evolution across thousands of generations, including time periods that encompass the species' initial occupation of northern Europe and an era of rapidly increasing human activity. We also find that the Lund, Sweden population underwent local genetic differentiation during the early 1800s to 1933 interval (potentially due to drift in a small population) but then became more similar to other European populations thereafter (potentially due to increased migration). Within each century-scale time period, our temporal sampling allows us to document compelling candidates for recent natural selection. In some cases, we gain insights regarding previously implicated selection candidates, such as ChKov1, for which our inferred timing of selection favors the hypothesis of antiviral resistance over insecticide resistance. Other candidates are novel, such as the circadian-related gene Ahcy, which yields a selection signal that rivals that of the DDT resistance gene Cyp6g1. These insights deepen our understanding of recent evolution in a model system, and highlight the potential of future museomic studies.

A novel kind of acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) with unit cells composed of two layers made of dissimilar materials with a crack-like void situated at the interface between bars is considered. Recently, the authors showed numerically that this novel kind of AMMs can provide unidirectional propagation of guided waves. Several AMM specimens (the finite stack of periodic elastic layers with and without voids) have been manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques and regular gluing. The details of the manufacturing process are discussed. In the experiment, the elastic waves have been excited by a rectangular piezoelectric wafer active transducer bonded at the surface of the specimen. Vibrations of the opposite side of the AMM specimen are measured via a piezoelectric sensor. The band gaps are observed in the experiment and values of their width and location correlate with numerically predicted ones.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the socio-ecological and economic efficiency of the organic land-use through the economic substantiation of the organic production development in the Western Polissia regions and its impact on the population health. Methodology / approach. We used general scientific and special research methods for the study. With methods of comparisons, extrapolations, correlations and the regression analysis, we could give an ecological and economical estimate for costs using for the organic land-use engineering and for the feasibility evaluation of the organic production development. The synthesis method was useful in determining the socio-economic efficiency of growing organic products. The State Statistics Service data, collections of health indicators and the activities of medical institutions in the Rivne region became the initial basis for the present study. Results. We made the scientific rationale for the organic production development in the Western Polissia, namely, in Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions, determined the stabilizing costs for the quality condition of 1 hectare of agricultural land. Moreover, the absence of a direct and close relationship between the agro-ecological indicators of soils and the rate of land certification was proved. It was proposed to use the economic criteria for the agricultural land suitability relative to the organic production, as they are defined as informational rather than restrictive. Mathematical modeling helped to evidence the existence of a relationship between the volume of mineral fertilizers applied per hectare of sown area and the level of the population oncological morbidity exemplified by Rivne region, resulting in mathematical models obtained and applied for the predictive estimates of health problems among the population in Rivne region for the coming years. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the assessment of the socio-economic efficiency of the organic land use was carried out with the involvement of economic justification for the development of organic production in Western Polissia regions and its impact on the population health. Practical value / implications. Key results of the study are primarily actionable for determining the ecological and economic substantiation of the development advisability of the organic production through the implementation of the ecological and economic appraisal of costs using for the organic land-use engineering. In addition to it, another key result is to set the level of reduction in the population morbidity due to a decrease in mineral fertilizers applicable per hectare of sown area.

Intracoronary administration of drugs allows to achieve the fastest possible effect in interventional cardiology. This allows to avoid all the biological filters of the body and achieve the required concentration of the active substance at the injection site. Also, given the local action, systemic side effects are nearly absent. The aim. To study the literature data of the leading countries of the world in the field of intracoronary drug administration. To analyze the experience of different centers on the use of various medications in the treatment of the phenomenon of distal microembolization. Results. One of the first drugs administered intracoronary was streptokinase for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. After that, it became clear that this method of delivering drugs is possible and can be used. With the beginning of the treatment of acute coronary syndromes by stenting, one of the possible complications arose in the form of no-reflow. At the same time, realizing that this is a local problem, they began to use the possibility of intracoronary administration of drugs to treat this phenomenon. The main advantage of this method is quick response to drug administration. Today, the drugs of choice in the treatment of no-reflow are verapamil, adenosine, nitroprusside, adrenaline. On the other hand, probably the most common drug that is administered intracoronary is nitroglycerin. It is used as a vasodilator in the event of spasm of the coronary arteries. Subsequently, it has been recommended to deliver drugs via a microcatheter or aspiration catheter to achieve even more selective effect in the area of the affected vessel, and this also minimizes drug loss due to coronary reflux into the aortic sinuses while usinga guiding catheter. Work is also underway on the use of intracoronary insulin in acute coronary syndrome in order to reduce the area of damage in myocardial infarction. It is also very promising to study the introduction of stem cells directlyinto the myocardium through a microcatheter in order to regenerate the myocardium after a heart attack. Conclusions. Intracoronary administration of drugs allows to achieve the maximum effect in the shortest possible time. Today, many drugs can be used in this way, starting from the treatment of the phenomenon of distal microembolization and ending with myocardial regeneration after myocardial infarction.

The digitalization of business production processes during the transition to Industry 4.0 is a key indicator of increasing the competitiveness of industrial companies in the Russian Federation. It is characterized by a whole range of permissible effects, which are not fully manifested in practice, due to the dominance of a partial approach to the application of Industry 4.0 innovations and an acute shortage of company managers with a complete vision of the entire process of digitalization of production. The main goal of this study is to develop a unified model of digital transformation in the production of all business processes, which would allow making the most rational management decisions in the field of digital technologies, and would also be aimed at the speedy transition of Russian enterprises to Industry 4.0. The following methods were used in the study: conceptual approach, critical thinking, statistical method, as well as the method of system analysis. The results of the study made it possible to conclude about the positive impact of the developed unified model on the management of production business processes in the company, including the formation of a positive socioeconomic effect in general.

Recent data from the International Diabetes Federation indicated that at least 500,000 children aged 14 to 18 years worldwide have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Currently, there is no cure for T1DM, so the goal of therapy is to achieve and maintain optimal glucose levels, in particular, using insulin therapy, physical activity, and diet. Studies of more than 20,000 children with T1DM have shown the benefits of self-monitoring of glucose levels for episodic glycemic control and long-term reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The purpose of our study was to investigate the specifics of using personal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adolescents. Materials and methods. According to the design, the study included 22 patients (12 adolescents and 10 children) aged 8 to 16 years who were diagnosed with T1DM. Questionnaires offered included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, the PedsQL Diabetes Module, the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II, and the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ). Results. Before the installation of personal CGM systems, patients had average indicators of emotional, social and role functioning. It was noted that these indicators significantly increased in response to the use of personal CGM (p 0.05). We did not find a significant correlation between the level of HbA1c and the total score on the DTSQ (ρ = 0.13; p > 0.05). This indicates that satisfaction with treatment is not necessarily related to glycemic control. It was found that children who previously used personal CGM were more compliant with further use of personal CGM (p

Relevance. In order to conduct agriculture and comply with food standards, it is necessary to create effective systems for controlling the content of pesticides active ingredients in agricultural crops, the food products quality, and assessing the risk of consuming food that may contain pesticide residues.Objective: forecasting and assessment of the risk of consuming products contaminated with avermectin insecticides hazardous effect on human health.Materials and methods. The actual content of abamectin and emamectin benzoate in vegetable, grain, stone fruits, berries, grapes, soybeans and green mass of plants was determined by the methods of gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The τ50 of the studied insecticides and the integral index of danger when using products contaminated by them were calculated. Results. According to its stability in agricultural crops (grapes, cabbage, peaches, cherries) emamectin benzoate pertained to the 4th hazardous class (not stable); abamectin – to class 3 (moderately stable compounds) in grapes, pears, nuts, strawberries, apples, tomatoes; to the 4th class (non-persistent compound) – in cucumbers, eggplants, soybeans. Abamectin and emamectin belong to the 2nd hazardous class according to integral index of danger when using pesticide-contaminated products value – dangerous. This is due to its high toxicity for warm-blooded animals and humans and a wide range of crops on which formulations based on the studied compounds are allowed to be used.Conclusion. It was established that abamectin and emamectin benzoate belong to moderately persistent (3rd hazard class) and non-persistent (4th hazard class) pesticides according to their persistence in agricultural plants, respectively, and according to the value of integral index of danger when using pesticide-contaminated products value, both studied compounds belong to the 2nd class (dangerous).

Currently, the market environment contains many factors influencing the enterprise’s competitiveness. Instability, the unpredictability of events, and insufficiently effective functioning of market mechanisms alter the management focus and processes engaged in an enterprise’s functioning. Some of them are intensive in terms of required resources and finance. Such a dynamic situation requires the enterprise management to build innovative solutions to flexibly respond and timely adapt to change. Therefore, this study aims to develop theoretical and applied approaches to determining the level of managerial and technological maturity of the basic set of technologies implemented in enterprises. In the context of this issue’s development and aiming to achieve the purpose, the study proposed a model approach where the introduction of individual technologies allows combining the rules for determining the enterprise’s management and the technological maturity level, i.e., its readiness for such changes. The construction of the model was based on the analysis and calculation of statistical data from four groups of technologies (corporate, industrial, decision support, and information technologies, which are divided into subclasses) and based on the theory of dynamic innovation development. The results were tested at seven food industry enterprises in Ukraine. Based on the study, the actual level of managerial and technological maturity of enterprises was determined, creating one complex set of technologies that depend on the level and structural changes in management and the level of technological maturity of enterprises. It can be used as a typical model for differently sized enterprises representing various industries.

From social injustice to the climate crisis, our modern society currently faces an unprecedented magnitude of global challenges. To properly support future generations, long-term solutions must take into account the role of educational systems in developing necessary competencies needed for future world citizens. Pedagogical methodologies should reflect this need and adapt accordingly, focusing on developing intrapersonal and implementation capabilities that are acknowledged as sustainability-related competencies. While some educational approaches are better tuned to develop these skills, the deployment and effectiveness of these might be limited by the perception of the teacher's position in the classroom. Given the urgency of the situation, we propose to use educational principles that have already proved effective in developing similar skills for decades and centuries, and inspired by the world of martial arts. Rather than incorporating martial arts elements per se, we argue that by adopting key principles taken from traditional martial arts pedagogies, we can redefine the teacher's educational function, and by thus redefining the student's learning process to acquire sustainability competencies. We propose a conceptual framework that distills relevant elements from martial arts methodologies and defines ways to implement these in academic educational systems.

The results of studies of antenna arrays with non-equidistant emitters are presented. The characteristics of the formation of radiation patterns, the appearance of side diffraction maxima and the functionality of the antenna system as a whole were studied from the point of view of nonequidistant arrays. A statistical analysis of phase characteristics was carried out when the load resistance changed in accordance with the obtained distribution laws.

Оbjectives: to assess the clinical and pathomorphological features of ovarian endometriosis and adenomyosis in women of reproductive age in order to determine possible causes of fertility disorders and ways to correct them. Materials and methods. 87 patients were examined and divided into 2 groups. The first group included 45 (51.7%) patients with adenomyosis with or without concomitant pathology. The second group included 42 (48.3%) women with ovarian endometriomas. The control group consisted of 30 healthy women of childbearing age who were screened for male infertility. Results. Clinical examination of the patients revealed a high frequency of gynecological (uterine fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, infertility) and extragenital pathology. Obstetric and gynecological history was burdened by reproductive losses (involuntary and medical abortions, ectopic pregnancy), premature birth, preeclampsia, abnormal uterine and obstetric bleeding, and pelvic surgery. All patients underwent endoscopic treatment (laparoscopy, hysteroscopy). Morphological examination revealed features of the structure of endometrioid cysts, which explains the decrease in ovarian reserve, active adenomyosis, reactive hyperplasia and chronic endometritis, distortion of the uterine cavity by fibroids. This may play an important role in implantation and placentation. Conclusions. Features of morphogenesis of ovarian endometrioma, found by us cystic and glandular-cystic forms may form the basis of endometrial microperforation pathogenesis, development of adhesions of the pelvic organs (in every third woman), ectopic pregnancy, fibrotic adjacent endometrioid tissue and reduction of ovarian reserve. The peculiarities of the uterus histostructure in adenomyosis, frequent combination with uterine fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, chronic endometritis, ovarian endometriosis, deep infiltrative endometriosis, old age, aggravated obstetric anamnesis and the history of obstetric disorders may be related.

This report presents the results of the bat fauna survey carried out in Belarus during the warm seasons between 2017 and 2020. The presented data were collected in 31 localities in all six administrative regions (voblascs) of Belarus during field studies (mist-netting, searching for roosts and colonies, and acoustic surveys) and in the course of the work of the Minsk bat contact centre. Field data refer to 26 localities; acoustic observations to 14 localities; and netting was carried out in 19 localities (151 ind.). The data on bats collected via the contact centre came from 6 localities (35 ind.). In the course of our survey, we recorded 13 out of the 19 species of the Belarusian bat fauna. They are Barbastella barbastellus, Eptesicus nilssonii, E. serotinus, Myotis dasycneme, M. daubentonii, Nyctalus lasiopterus, N. leisleri, N. noctula, Pipistrellus kuhlii, P. nathusii, P. pygmaeus, Plecotus auritus, and V. murinus. The occurrence of all recorded species was confirmed by direct identification. Data on breeding have been added for all recorded species except for N. lasiopterus and B. barbastellus. Data on breeding have been added for all recorded species, except for N. lasiopterus and B. barbastellus. Maternity colonies were recorded for E. serotinus, M. dasycneme (the second record of a maternity colony of the species for the entire period of research in Belarus) and M. daubentonii. The largest number of individuals recorded by the contact centre represent V. murinus; other species in descending order are E. serotinus, N. noctula, P. auritus, P. nathusii, B. barbastellus, M. daubentonii, P. kuhlii, and E. nilssonii. Among the netted individuals, P. nathusii prevailed; other species in descending order were M. daubentonii, P. pygmaeus, E. nilssonii, P. auritus, N. noctula, E. serotinus, M. dasycneme, N. leisleri, and N. lasiopterus. Three species (V. murinus, B. barbastellus, and P. kuhlii) were presented only among bats reported via the contact centre. During the survey, the species P. pipistrellus, Pl. austriacus, M. brandtii, M. nattereri, M. myotis, and M. mystacinus included in the list of mammal species of Belarus were not recorded. The reasons of the lack of records of these six species are discussed. The collected data contribute to the general knowledge on the distribution, breeding, and status of bat species in Belarus and Eastern Europe.

Background. The current state of interventional cardiology is aimed at reducing the number of probable complica-tions of procedures and increasing patient comfort. That is why there was a stage evolution of changing endovascular ap-proaches from transfemoral to transradial. But despite the significant benefits of transradial access, it leaves behind some important complications. One such complication is occlusion of the radial artery. The frequency of this situation ranges from 1 to 30%. That is why the world’s leading interventionists are increasingly using distal transradial access, which is associated with fewer cases of postoperative occlusion of the radial artery. The aim. Occlusion of the radial artery is not an obstacle to changing access to the contralateral artery or more dan-gerous transfemoral access. With distal transradial access it is possible to recanalize artery and provide target procedure. Materials and methods. The study included 318 patients who were scheduled for re-intervention. Among these patients, 12 had a radial artery occlusion, which is 3.7% of the total control group. Successful recanalizations with distal access were performed in 9 patients (75%), and in 3 patients (25%) the attempts were unsuccessful. The technique of recanalization of chronic occlusion included selection of hydrophilic, both non-coronary and coronary wires. At the end of the procedure, hemostasis was performed according to standard procedures using aseptic bandages. Complications of hemostasis were not detected in any patient in the control group. The postoperative period was unremarkable. Conclusions. The study showed the possibility of using distal transradial access to recanalize chronic occlusions of the radial artery, which allows not to waste time on replacement of the contralateral radial artery or life-threatening transfemoral access and perform the necessary amount of the intervention. Besides, this preserves the radial artery for further use in bypass surgery or hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula.

Abstract The East Greenland-Svalbard-Barents Sea (EGSB) bowhead whale stock (Balaena mysticetus) was hunted to near extinction and remains Endangered on the International Union of Conservation of Nature Red List. The intense, temporally extensive hunting pressure may have left the population vulnerable to other perturbations, such as environmental change. However, the lack of genomic baseline data renders it difficult to evaluate the impacts of various potential stressors on this stock. Twelve EGSB bowhead whales sampled in 2017/2018 were re-sequenced and mapped to a previously published draft genome. All individuals were unrelated and void of significant signs of inbreeding, with similar observed and expected homo- and heterozygosity levels. Despite the small population size, mean autosome-wide heterozygosity was 0.00102, which is higher than that of most mammals for which comparable estimates are calculated using the same parameters, and three times higher than a conspecific individual from the Eastern-Canada-West-Greenland bowhead whale stock. Demographic history analyses indicated a continual decrease of N e from ca. 1.5 million to ca. 250,000 years ago, followed by a slight increase until ca. 100,000 years ago, followed by a rapid decrease in N e between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago. These estimates are lower than previously suggested based on mitochondrial DNA, but suggested demographic patterns over time are similar.