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5 results on '"Shlomit Sharoni"'

1. Infection Dynamics of a Bloom-Forming Alga and Its Virus Determine Airborne Coccolith Emission from Seawater

Author

Miri Trainic, Ilan Koren, Shlomit Sharoni, Miguel Frada, Lior Segev, Yinon Rudich, and Assaf Vardi

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Summary: Sea spray aerosols (SSA), have a profound effect on the climate; however, the contribution of oceanic microbial activity to SSA is not fully established. We assessed aerosolization of the calcite units (coccoliths) that compose the exoskeleton of the cosmopolitan bloom-forming coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi. Airborne coccolith emission occurs in steady-state conditions and increases by an order of magnitude during E. huxleyi infection by E. huxleyi virus (EhV). Airborne to seawater coccolith ratio is 1:108, providing estimation of airborne concentrations from seawater concentrations. The coccoliths' unique aerodynamic structure yields a characteristic settling velocity of ∼0.01 cm s−1, ∼25 times slower than average sea salt particles, resulting in coccolith fraction enrichment in the air. The calculated enrichment was established experimentally, indicating that coccoliths may be key contributors to coarse mode SSA surface area, comparable with sea salt aerosols. This study suggests a coupling between key oceanic microbial interactions and fundamental atmospheric processes like SSA formation. : Marine Organism; Earth Sciences; Atmospheric Science; Biogeoscience Subject Areas: Marine Organism, Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science, Biogeoscience

Published
2018
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2. Dispersion/dilution enhances phytoplankton blooms in low-nutrient waters

Author

Yoav Lehahn, Ilan Koren, Shlomit Sharoni, Francesco d’Ovidio, Assaf Vardi, and Emmanuel Boss

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The degree to which horizontal transport affects phytoplankton ecosystems remains understudied. Here, the authors combine satellite observations, ARGO float data and a simple ecosystem model to explore the impact of horizontal stirring on naturally-stimulated fine-scale phytoplankton blooms.

Published
2017
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3. Geologic controls on phytoplankton elemental composition

Author

Shlomit Sharoni and Itay Halevy

Subjects
organic matter stoichiometry, C:N:P , marine fauna evolution, Redfield ratio
Abstract

Thebiogeochemical model described in Sharoni & Halevy (2021) "Geologic controls on phytoplankton elemental composition", PNAS, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113263118. CNPorg_results.xlsxis anExcel file with the results of the model, i.e.,the model C:Porg and N:Porg trajectories (medians and 95% confidence intervals) over Phanerozoic time.

Published
2021
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4. Dispersion/dilution enhances phytoplankton blooms in low-nutrient waters

Author

Emmanuel Boss, Francesco d'Ovidio, Yoav Lehahn, Shlomit Sharoni, Assaf Vardi, Ilan Koren, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll, Satellite Imagery, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Oceans and Seas, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Zooplankton, Ecosystem model, Ocean gyre, Phytoplankton, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biomass (ecology), geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Chemistry, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Eutrophication, Carbon, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Bloom
Abstract

Spatial characteristics of phytoplankton blooms often reflect the horizontal transport properties of the oceanic turbulent flow in which they are embedded. Classically, bloom response to horizontal stirring is regarded in terms of generation of patchiness following large-scale bloom initiation. Here, using satellite observations from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and a simple ecosystem model, we show that the opposite scenario of turbulence dispersing and diluting fine-scale (∼1–100 km) nutrient-enriched water patches has the critical effect of regulating the dynamics of nutrients–phytoplankton–zooplankton ecosystems and enhancing accumulation of photosynthetic biomass in low-nutrient oceanic environments. A key factor in determining ecological and biogeochemical consequences of turbulent stirring is the horizontal dilution rate, which depends on the effective eddy diffusivity and surface area of the enriched patches. Implementation of the notion of horizontal dilution rate explains quantitatively plankton response to turbulence and improves our ability to represent ecological and biogeochemical processes in oligotrophic oceans., The degree to which horizontal transport affects phytoplankton ecosystems remains understudied. Here, the authors combine satellite observations, ARGO float data and a simple ecosystem model to explore the impact of horizontal stirring on naturally-stimulated fine-scale phytoplankton blooms.

Published
2017
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5. Decoupling atmospheric and oceanic factors affecting aerosol loading over a cluster of mesoscale North Atlantic eddies

Author

Assaf Vardi, Miri Trainic, Yinon Rudich, Kay D. Bidle, J. M. Flores, Shlomit Sharoni, Ilan Koren, and Yoav Lehahn

Subjects
Surface wind speed, education.field_of_study, Population, Mesoscale meteorology, Decoupling (cosmology), Sea spray, Atmospheric sciences, Aerosol, Geophysics, Eddy, 13. Climate action, Anticyclone, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, education
Abstract

Using shipboard and satellite measurements we explore the environmental factors affecting the number concentration of aerosols with diameter 100

Published
2014
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