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We construct a concrete example of constant Gauss curvature K = 1 on the 2-sphere having all geodesics closed and of same length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure, physicochemical property and reactivity of the reconstituted protein are described in order to evaluate the role of the 7-propionate side chain in the native protein. The studies have shown that the 7-propionate side chain has functioned not only as a water gate to repel water molecules from bulk to promote the high d-camphor affinity but also as a pivot in the hydrogen-bonding tetrad to regulate the water expulsion system at the initial step of P450cam catalyst cycle.

The red-excitation Raman excitation profile (REP) maximum of an oxygen-to-iron charge-transfer transition for the [v.sub.[Fe[double bond]O] mode is identified at 580 nm. The discrepancy is due to the higher extent of the porphyrin band overlap and to the lower resolution for the spectral measurement by using the Soret excitation.

The mechanism involved in the confrontational change, surface amino acids residues Arg79, Arg109, and Arg 112 in P450cam is studied. The techniques used for this purpose are infrared spectroscopy and mutational technique.

Background: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Europe and the United States rapidly increased from the latter half of the 1970s and exceeded that of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the latter half of the 1990s, currently accounting for approximately 60% of all esophageal carcinomas. Recently, its incidence has also increased in Japan, raising concerns that it will follow a course similar to that in Europe and the United States. Summary: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Japan was about 2% until the 1990s, but in recent years, it has risen to 6.5–7.1%. Causes include the increase in the incidence of obesity due to changes in eating habits with resultant increases in the incidence of hiatal hernia and reflux esophagitis, a decrease in the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection, and the increased interest of physicians in the gastroesophageal junction. The number of gastroesophageal reflux disease patients in Japan rapidly increased from the 1990s, which accordingly increased the number of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma patients from the latter half of the 1990s. Tabulation and analysis of 1,794 reported cases of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma in Japan showed that superficial cancers accounted for 77.6%, and that the concomitant rates of hiatal hernia and reflux esophagitis were high at 87 and 70% respectively. Key Message: The future trend in the incidence of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma in Japan will depend on the increase in the incidence of reflux esophagitis, which is essential for the development of Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's esophageal carcinoma. The obesity rate is lower in Japan than that in Europe and the United States, and the incidence and severity of reflux esophagitis are low. We expect that the incidence of Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma in Japan will not rise as high as in Europe and the United States, and will remain below 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Torricelli-Bernoulli sign is a computed tomography (CT) finding that occurs when ulceration/necrosis of a submucosal gastrointestinal tumor releases a stream of air bubbles into the intestinal lumen. A 75-year-old man developed acute abdominal pain at night and presented to a local doctor. Acute abdomen was diagnosed and he was referred to the Emergency Department at Tokai University Oiso Hospital. On CT scans, disseminated intestinal tumor-like lesions were seen in the right lower abdomen. The Torricelli-Bernoulli sign and free intraabdominal gas were observed, so perforation of an intestinal tumor was diagnosed and emergency surgery was performed. At operation, there was scanty opaque ascites in the right lower abdomen and an ileal tumor associated with nodules that suggested peritoneal dissemination. Partial resection of the ileum was performed and peritoneal lavage was conducted. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 11. Histopathological examination revealed a high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The abdominal nodules were metastases, indicating that the tumor was Stage IV. The patient is currently on treatment with an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the recent trend of diagnosing appendiceal diseases through the analysis of appendectomy materials, stressing the importance of their pathological examination. A clinicopathological assessment of patients undergoing an appendectomy was conducted, based on the pathological examination of resected appendiceal lesions. Using a pathological database of surgical specimens from patients who underwent an appendectomy between March 2002 and September 2014, a retrospective, single-center analysis was performed. Among the 803 patients identified, 752 with appendiceal disease were selected for clinicopathological analysis. The diagnosis was inflammation (i.e. appendicitis) in 97.7% (n=735) and appendiceal neoplasm in 2.3% (n=17) of the patients. The most frequent type of appendiceal neoplasm was an intramucosal neoplasm (23.5%, n=4). In conclusion, the incidence of appendiceal neoplasms has increased in recent years, potentially due to increased and earlier detection by newer imaging modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Finsler space is said to have reversible geodesics if for any of its oriented geodesic paths, the same path traversed in the opposite sense is also a geodesic. In [6] the conditions for a Randers space to have reversible geodesics have been found. The main goal of this paper is to find conditions for a Finsler space endowed with an (α, β)-metric to be with reversible geodesics or strictly reversible geodesics, respectively. Moreover, we obtain some new classes of (α, β)-metrics with reversible geodesics and show how new Finsler metrics with reversible geodesics can be constructed by means of a Randers change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The binding of (+)-camphor to cytochrome P450cam (P450cam) expels a cluster of waters at the active site, raising the redox potential of the haem to an extent that allows reduction by the electron-transfer system. This binding was reported to involve no significant structural changes in the protein. Here, two ferric P450cam structures partially complexed with (+)-camphor were determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.30-1.35 Å resolution, revealing the structures of the substrate-free and substrate-bound forms. (+)-Camphor binding induces rotation of Thr101 to form a hydrogen bond that acts as a hydrogen donor to a peripheral haem propionate. This bonding contributes to the redox-potential change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]