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In this paper, we augment airborne gravity anomaly data from Antarctica, expanding the coverage area by 10.4% based on the existing data set. These data are combined with a gravity field model to establish a more comprehensive gravity anomaly database for Antarctica. Utilizing the Integral of Stokes Kernels' Derivatives (ISKD) method, we create the first 10 km resolution gravity gradient map in the Antarctic region. According to measured data in the McFaulds Lake (located in the James Bay lowlands of northern Ontario, Canada), the proposed method achieves a calculation accuracy with a standard deviation (Std.) of 3–7 E ( 1 E = 1 × 10 - 9 s - 2 ) in Txx , Tyy , Txy , Txz , Tyz , and 12.9 E in Tzz . The calculated gravity gradient effectively reveals density boundaries in Antarctica. This research lays the groundwork for future studies exploring the gravitational characteristics of Antarctica on a broader scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) exhibits an aggressive biological behavior of lymph node and distant metastasis, which contributes to poorer prognosis and results in tongue function loss or death. In addition to known regulators and pathways of cell migration in TSCC, it is important to uncover pivotal switches governing tumor metastasis. Methods Cancer cell migration-associated transcriptional and epigenetic characteristics were profiled in TSCC, and the specific super-enhancers (SEs) were identified. Molecular function and mechanism studies were used to investigate the pivotal switches in TSCC metastasis. Results Ameboidal-type cell migration-related genes accompanied by transcriptional and epigenetic activity were enriched in TSCC. Meanwhile, the higher-ranked SE-related genes showed significant differences between 43 paired tumor and normal samples from the TCGA TSCC cohort. In addition, key motifs were detected in SE regions, and transcription factor-related expression levels were significantly associated with TSCC survival status. Notably, BATF and ATF3 regulated the expression of ameboidal-type cell migration-related MMP14 by switching the interaction with the SE region. Conclusion SEs and related key motifs transcriptional regulate tumor metastasis-associated MMP14 and might be potential therapeutic targets for TSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) is a promising technique for identifying intracranial vulnerable plaques beyond lumen narrowing. However, the association between HRMR-VWI characteristics and recurrent stroke remains uncertain. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the association between HRMR-VWI characteristics and recurrent ipsilateral stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease (ICAS). Methods: This multicenter, observational study recruited first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients attributed to ICAS (>50% stenosis or occlusion) within 7 days after onset. Participants were assessed by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging, three-dimension time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, and three-dimensional T1-weighted HRMR-VWI. The patients were recommended to receive best medical therapy and were systematically followed up for 12 months. The association between HRMR-VWI characteristics and the time to recurrent ipsilateral stroke was investigated by univariable and multivariable analysis. Results: Two hundred and fifty-five consecutive patients were enrolled from 15 centers. The cumulative 12 month ipsilateral recurrence incidence was 4.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–6.6%). Patients with recurrent ipsilateral stroke exhibited higher rates of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) (30.0% vs 6.5%) and eccentric plaque (90.0% vs 48.2%), and lower occurrence of occlusive thrombus (10.0% vs 23.7%). Plaque length (5.69 ± 2.21 mm vs 6.67 ± 4.16 mm), plaque burden (78.40 ± 7.37% vs 78.22 ± 8.32%), degree of stenosis (60.25 ± 18.95% vs 67.50% ± 22.09%) and remodeling index (1.07 ± 0.27 vs 1.03 ± 0.35) on HRMR-VWI did not differ between patients with and without recurrent ipsilateral stroke. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, IPH (hazard ratio: 6.64, 95% CI: 1.23–35.8, p = 0.028) was significantly associated with recurrent ipsilateral stroke after adjustment. Conclusions: Our results suggest intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is significantly associated with recurrent ipsilateral stroke and has potential value in the selection of patients for aggressive treatment strategies. Data access statement: Data from this study are available and can be accessed upon request. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morchella esculenta is a precious edible and medicinal fungus rich in protein, polysaccharides, polyphenols, amino acids, triterpenes, and other active components. In this study, MS-1 was isolated from the fruiting body of M. esculenta. Through conducting single-factor experiments and the response surface analysis of the culture conditions, the optimal culture components of an M. esculenta fermentation broth for extracellular polysaccharide production were determined, namely, 3.7% glucose, 2% yeast extract, and 0.15% sodium chloride. The polysaccharides MSF and MSL were extracted from the fruiting body of M. esculenta and the fermentation broth, respectively, and analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC), monosaccharide composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and in vivo and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity analyses. The research results show that the calculated MW of MSF is 2.34 × 105 Da, and the calculated MW of MSL is 1.40 × 105 Da. MSF is composed of three monosaccharides: D-galactose, D-glucose, and D-mannose (molar ratio of 4.34:90.22:5.45). MSL consists of five monosaccharides: D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and glucuronic acid (molar ratio of 0.31:14.71:13.03:71.43:0.53). The in vitro antioxidant test results show that MSF and MSL both have significant antioxidant activities. Activity experiments on MSF and MSL in zebrafish showed that MSF and MSL have significant repair effects on the oxidative damage caused by metronidazole in zebrafish embryos, and there were significant changes in the transcriptional activity levels of the oxidative stress-related genes SOD, Keap1, and Nrf2. Therefore, the polysaccharides MSF and MSL from MS-1 can be used as important raw materials for functional foods and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signaling pathways play a crucial role in regulating cellulase production. The pathway mediated by signaling proteins plays a crucial role in understanding how cellulase expression is regulated. In this study, using affinity purification of ClrB, we have identified sixteen proteins that potentially interact with ClrB. One of the proteins, the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PoPKA-C), is an important component of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Knocking out PoPKA-C resulted in significant decreases in the growth, glucose utilization, and cellulose hydrolysis ability of the mutant strain. Furthermore, the cellulase activity and gene transcription levels were significantly reduced in the ΔPoPKA-C mutant, while the expression activity of CreA, a transcriptional regulator of carbon metabolism repression, was notably increased. Additionally, deletion of PoPKA-C also led to earlier timing of conidia production. The expression levels of key transcription factor genes stuA and brlA, which are involved in the production of the conidia, showed significant enhancement in the ΔPoPKA-C mutant. These findings highlight the involvement of PoPKA-C in mycelial development, conidiation, and the regulation of cellulase expression. The functional analysis of PoPKA-C provides insights into the mechanism of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in cellulase expression in filamentous fungi and has significant implications for the development of high-yielding cellulase strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous advancement of target detection technology in remote sensing, target detection technology in images captured by drones has performed well. However, object detection in drone imagery is still a challenge under rainy conditions. Rain is a common severe weather condition, and rain streaks often degrade the image quality of sensors. The main issue of rain streaks removal from a single image is to prevent over smoothing (or underclearing) phenomena. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a deep learning (DL)-based rain streaks removal framework called GSDerainNet, which properly formulates the single image rain streaks removal problem; rain streaks removal is aptly described as a Gaussian Shannon (GS) filter-based image decomposition problem. The GS filter is a novel filter proposed by us, which consists of a parameterized Gaussian function and a scaled Shannon function. Two-dimensional GS filters exhibit high stability and effectiveness in dividing an image into low- and high-frequency parts. In our framework, an input image is first decomposed into a low-frequency part and a high-frequency part by using the GS filter. Rain streaks are located in the high-frequency part. We extract and separate the rain features of the high-frequency part through a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The experimental results obtained on synthetic data and real data show that the proposed method can better suppress the morphological artifacts caused by filtering. Compared with state-of-the-art single image rain streaks removal methods, the proposed method retains finer image object structures while removing rain streaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea level rise (SLR) increases the frequency of floods caused by forces such as spring tides or storm surges. However, with the continuous evolution of global ocean tides, future flooding may be driven only by astronomical tides. Therefore, we introduce an inaction method (IM) that can accurately extract the harmonic constant of tidal components from the time‐frequency spectrum of the tide, and obtain the precise long‐term trend and spatial evolution characteristics of the tides at 18 sites along the East Coast of the United States (ECUS). Except for some sites in the middle of the East Coast, M2 shows an average upward trend of more than 51 mm/century, which is most obvious at three sites in North Carolina, with an average upward trend of more than 80 mm/century. We simultaneously combine the IM with harmonic analysis into an IMHA method to estimate the historical and future "Tide‐only" inundation (TOI) frequency and quantify the effect of tidal evolution on the future TOI frequency. The results show that four stations in the Gulf of Maine have experienced relatively frequent TOI events in the past, with the highest frequency at the Eastport station. The most significant increasing and decreasing effects of tidal evolution on the future TOI frequency under the SLR scenario are at the Wilmington and Lewes stations, respectively. At the spatial scale, there are increases in the northeast and southeast and a decrease in the middle of the ECUS, which is consistent with the spatial characteristics of the long‐term tidal trend. Plain Language Summary: SLR increases the frequency of flood occurrence, and the evolution of ocean tide also promotes or reduces flood inundation to varying degrees. On the basis of SLR, floods may be caused by tides alone in the future, which is called "Tide‐only" inundation (TOI). It is different from high tide flood which is mainly driven by tide and can also be caused by other factors. We adopt a new water level decomposition method to calculate the long‐term trend of tide amplitude on the East Coast of the United States by generating accurate historical astronomical tides, and obtain the spatial evolution characteristics of tides. Furthermore, the frequency of TOI is estimated in past and future SLR scenarios. By considering and omitting the long‐term tidal trend, the influence of tidal evolution on the future TOI frequency is quantified. The area where the tidal evolution leads to an increase in TOI frequency is found to be much greater than the area where it decreases. Key Points: Using a method that can directly extract the tidal amplitude from the water level can generate more accurate historical astronomical tidesOn the basis of rising sea level, the continuous evolution of tides leads to increasing flood inundations that are driven by tides aloneConsidering the long‐term trend of tides can improve the prediction accuracy of future water levels and flood inundation frequencies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study the potential of a lossless subwavelength high-index-contrast metastructure as a broadband active coherent polarization control element. A parametric optimization of the metastructure is performed to determine its robust working parameter space. Using rigorous coupled wave analysis, we show that there exist large sets of suitable designs in the geometric parameter space capable of supporting wide-band dynamic polarization control functionalities, including reconfigurable polarizing beam splitting and arbitrary linear polarization rotation, over the entire S, C, and L communication bands. To understand the uniaxial anisotropic behavior of the subwavelength grating metastructure, we further perform a mode analysis to interpret its effective anisotropic performance. Our work provides guidance and insight for designing such subwavelength metastructures for a wide range of applications of active polarization control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The La0.67(Sr1−xMgx)0.33MnO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3) manganites have been prepared by sol–gel method, and the effect of Mg doping on their structure, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties has been researched. All the samples are crystallized in perovskite rhombohedral structure with space group R 3 ¯ c . The slight increases in the edge length a and the cell volume with Mg doping indicates the replacement of Mg in Mn-site. The corresponding change of structure parameters, such as Mn–O bond length and Mn–O–Mn bond angle, weakens the exchange coupling between Mn3+ and Mn4+ and results in the decrease in the Curie temperature (TC). With increasing content of Mg, the local inhomogeneity and Griffiths-like phase evolve and induce the deviation of critical exponents from the mean-field model. The existence of these short-range ferromagnetic clusters broadens the temperature range of magnetic transition process, then depresses the magnetic entropy change (|ΔSM|) and flattens the |ΔSM|-T curve. The La0.67(Sr0.7Mg0.3)0.33MnO3 possesses a table-like magnetocaloric effect near room temperature (|ΔSM| is nearly constant of 0.51 ± 0.01 J kg−1 K−1 for field change of 1 T in the temperature range of 277 ~ 302 K), which is beneficial for the Ericsson cycle magnetic refrigerator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a data-fidelity metric for quantifying distortion in slow-light optical pulse delay devices. We demonstrate the utility of this metric by applying it to the performance optimization of gain-based slow-light delay systems for Gaussian and super-Gaussian pulses. Symmetric Lorentzian double-line and triple-line gain systems are optimized and achieve maximum delay of 1.5 and 1.7 times the single-line gain system delay, respectively. The resulting double-line gain system design is qualitatively similar to the double-line gain system designed with a previous metric, but is tuned specifically to constrain data fidelity. OCIS codes: 060.2330, 290.5900.