Author: "Shahram Saeidi" / Language: english - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

30 results on '"Shahram Saeidi"'

1. Examining the correlation between metrics in the Instagram social network to identify fake pages and improve marketing

Author: Shahram Saeidi and Zahra Baradari
Subjects: Social network analysis, Instagram performance metrics, Fake page detection, Marketing improvement, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Considering the increasing role of social networks in daily life and their role in developing businesses, paying close attention to each of them and their different dimensions is particularly important. As one of the social networks, Instagram has a global scope and an essential role in the field of interpersonal communication in various personal and professional dimensions. One of the significant problems in this platform is the existence of fake accounts with incorrect statistics. In this research, by analyzing the pages of Instagram users, the association between the metrics used to measure the performance of these pages has been investigated. For this purpose, the data of 1860 public pages on Instagram were collected as metrics of the number of followers, comments, likes, posts, followers, and the post's topic. The hypotheses test results show a statistically significant correlation between the number of posts and likes. However, there is no statistically significant association between the number of likes and comments, the number of followers and comments, and the number of followers and likes. The analysis of 100 verified Instagram pages shows that the proposed method can distinguish real from fake pages with 94% accuracy and should be considered in business marketing ads on Instagram. The comparison of results with other classification methods revealed the efficiency of the proposed method.
Published: 2023
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2. The role of risk perception, risk communication, and demographic factors in COVID-19 preventive behaviors: an online survey in Iran

Author: Mansour Rezaei, Nader Rajabi Gilan, Ali Almasi, Mehdi Khezeli, Fatemeh Jamshidi Nazar, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Yahya Salimi, Farid Najafi, Neda Sarabi, Shahram Saeidi, and Saeid Saeidi
Subjects: behavior, communication, covid-19, media, perception, risk, Special situations and conditions, RC952-1245, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Objectives This study investigated preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in a Kurdish Iranian sample. Methods This online survey was conducted among the population aged 18 and above in Kermanshah Province, in western Iran, in April 2020. Samples were invited and recruited through social media. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (questions on demographic variables, risk perception, risk communication, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and analyzed using Stata ver. 8. Results The Pearson correlation test showed that risk communication was significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r=0.320, p
Published: 2022
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3. Lifestyle in People Living With HIV: A Study of Patients in Kermanshah, Iran

Author: Alireza Zanganeh Msc, Nahid Khademi PhD, Arash Ziapour Msc, PhD, Naser Farahmandmoghadam Msc, Neda Izadi PhD, Shahram Saeidi Msc, Amirreza Aghayani PhD, Raziyeh Teimouri PhD, Shahrzad Moghadam PhD, Ali Khodaey Msc, Seyed Ramin Ghasemi PhD, and Reza Pourmirza Kalhori PhD
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: There is limited research on the role of lifestyle in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study investigated the health-promoting lifestyle among PLWH in Kermanshah-Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 321 PLWH patients referred to the Kermanshah Behavioral Diseases counseling Center between 2017 and 2018. Patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a standard health promotion lifestyle profile (HPLP-II) questionnaire. Regression and T -tests were used in SPSS 21 and Stata software to analyze the data. The mean age of patients was 41.07 ± 9.14 years. The mean HPLP score of patients in stress management had the lowest mean score (19.44 ± 4.22), and health responsibility had the highest mean score (22.22 ± 4.57). Comparisons between women and men also showed that women had a lower mean score than men in stress management. In addition, significant differences in their HPLP were observed only in the area of physical activity. The final model had significant influence on the PLWH ( P
Published: 2023
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4. Spatial modeling of mortality from acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in 2000–2017: a global study

Author: Ali Almasi, Sohyla Reshadat, Alireza Zangeneh, Mehdi Khezeli, Raziyeh Teimouri, Samira Rahimi Naderi, and Shahram Saeidi
Subjects: geographic information system, mortality, respiration disorders, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Background Over the past few decades, various goals have been defined to reduce the mortality of children caused by acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) worldwide. However, few spatial studies to date have reported on ALRI deaths. Purpose We aimed to assess the spatial modeling of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years of age during 2000–2017 using a global data. Methods The data on the mortality of children under 5 years old caused by ALRI were initially obtained from the official website of the World Health Organization. The income status of their home countries was also gathered from the Country Income Groups (World Bank Classification) website and divided into 5 categories. After that, in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment, a database was created and the statistical tests and related maps were extracted. The Global Moran’s I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and geographically weighted regression were used for the analyses. In this study, higher z scores indicated the hot spots, while lower z scores indicated the cold spots. Results In 2000–2017, child mortality showed a downward trend from 17.6 per 100,000 children to 8.1 and had a clustered pattern. Hot spots were concentrated in Asia in 2000 but shifted toward African countries by 2017. A cold spot that formed in Europe in 2007 showed an ascending trend by 2017. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression test, the regions identified as the hot spots of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years old were among the middle-income countries (R2=0.01, adjusted R2=8.77). Conclusion While the total number of child deaths in 2000–2017 has decreased, the number of hot spots has increased among countries. This study also concluded that, during the study period, Central and Western Africa countries became the main new hot spots of deaths from ALRI.
Published: 2021
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5. Investigating geographical accessibility and site suitability of medical laboratories in Kermanshah-Iran

Author: Ali Almasi, Sohyla Reshadat, Alireza Zangeneh, Mehdi Khezeli, Nader Rajabi Gilan, and Shahram Saeidi
Subjects: accessibility, health services, spatial analyses, geographic information system (GIS), medical laboratory centers (MLCs), Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: IntroductionOne of the major challenges in developing countries is the inappropriate spatial distribution of medical laboratory centers (MLCs) which can lead to injustice in access to health services. This study aimed to investigate the accessibility to and site suitability of MLCs in Kermanshah Metropolis by GIS.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, data were collected from the Iran Statistical Center and Deputy of Treatment of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. We used Arc/GIS 10.6 software, AHP technique, and network analysis tools to determine the access status of Kermanshah citizens to MLCs in 2019 and site selection for MLCs. The layers used in this study included population density, city development trends, compatible and incompatible land uses, pathways, land slope, river area, and access radius.ResultsAbout 70% of households had inappropriate access to all MLCs in walking scenario. This ratio was 31.26% for 5 min, 9.58% for 10 min, and 6.09% for 15 min driving. Comparisons between public and private MLCs showed that in walking scenario, 88% of households had improper access to public and 80% to private MLCs. Based on 5 and 10 min of driving, 57 and 19% of households had inappropriate access to public MLCs, and 45 and 17% to private MLCs, respectively. Also, with 15 min of driving, 8% of households had improper access to public and 18% to private MLCs. Findings showed that scores provided for population density criteria were (0.298), distance from existing laboratories (0.213), proximity to pathways (0.175), consistent land use (0.129), city development trend (0.087), distance from riverfront (0.053), distance from incompatible land uses (0.015), and land slope (0.03). The final model was obtained by overlaying the layers. The model showed a 9-degree range from very bad to very good in Kermanshah city for the construction of laboratory centers (CR
Published: 2022
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6. Exploring the epidemiology of suicide attempts: Risk modeling in Kermanshah—Iran

Author: Nahid Khademi, Alireza Zangeneh, Arash Ziapour, Shahram Saeidi, Raziyeh Teimouri, Komali Yenneti, Shahrzad Moghadam, Ali Almasi, and Shirin Zardui Golanbari
Subjects: suicide attempt, GIS, Kermanshah, Iran, spatial patterns, public health, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundSuicide attempt is a serious global public health issue. The patterns of suicide may vary depending on the individual characteristics, methods, causes, and the geographical area-also socio-cultural context that determine it. This study identifies the spatial patterns of suicide attempts in Kermanshah province, Iran.MethodThe sample size of this cross-sectional study is 18,331 people (7234 males and 11097 females) who attempted suicide in Kermanshah province between 2006 and 2014. Data was collected from the records of patients referred to the emergency department of hospitals in Kermanshah and analyzed using tests of Mean Center, Standard Distance, and Average Nearest Neighbor.ResultsThe results of the mean center and standard distance tests show that drug overdose, poisoning with toxins and pesticides, and chemicals mostly were used in the central areas of Kermanshah province. The mean center of suicide attempts by self-immolation, hanging and firearms was in the western parts of the province, while the suicide attempts with narcotic drug were concentrated in the eastern regions of the province. Out of the 18,331 cases, 74% attempted suicide with drug overdose, 13% with toxins and pesticides, 0.59% with chemicals, 4% with fire, 1% by self-immolation, 1% by hanging, 0.16% with firearms and 0.7% with cold weapons. The spatial pattern of all suicide attempts in Kermanshah was clustered (Z-score < −2.58).ConclusionThe results of this study show that the methods of suicide attempt vary with geographical areas in the province. Therefore, it is suggested that planning tailored to the geographical location can reduce suicide attempts in Kermanshah.
Published: 2022
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7. Survey on the indexes of health equity in the physical environment and infrastructures of Kermanshah province, Iran

Author: Sohyla Reshadat, Shahram Saeidi, Alireza Zangeneh, Ali Almasi, Samira Rahimi Naderi, Ramin Teimouri, Raziyeh Teimouri, Kobra Gholami Kiaee, and Mehdi Khezeli
Subjects: Health equity, Environment, Index, Geographic Information Systems, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Health equity is directly associated with the proper distribution of resources, the existence of infrastructures, and the balanced physical environment. The present study aimed to survey the indexes of health equity in the physical environment and infrastructures of Kermanshah province based on the national indexes. Results The results revealed that access to transportation, health centers, solid waste management, and green and sports per capita had the least distance from the negative ideal whereas the noise pollution index had the greatest distance. However, house hygiene and air pollution indexes were within the negative and positive ideal ranges. Conclusions The health equity indexes were not distributed equitably across counties and geographical regions of Kermanshah province.
Published: 2021
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8. Quality of life of HIV-infected individuals: insights from a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran

Author: Nahid Khademi, Alireza Zanganeh, Shahram Saeidi, Raziyeh Teimouri, Mehdi Khezeli, Babak Jamshidi, Tan Yigitcanlar, Yahya Salimi, Ali Almasi, and Kobra Gholami Kiaee
Subjects: Quality of life, HIV patients, WHO model, Kermanshah, Iran, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background Quality of life (QOL) is one of the major factors to assessing the health and wellbeing of People living with HIV (PLWH). Likewise, improved QOL is among the prominent goals of patient treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the QOL of PLWH in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 PLWH of Kermanshah between 2016 and 2017. Outpatients were selected as the sample through the convenience sampling method from HIV Positive Clients of Kermanshah Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center. The reasons for the selection of outpatients include: (a) some patients were substance users, homeless or did not have a fixed address to follow-up; (b) addresses and personal details that were registered on the first admission were incorrect or incomplete; (c) due to financial issues, some were forced to relocate frequently and were difficult to track; (d) some patients were convicts or prisoners, making it hard to find them after their release; (e) some of them were from other provinces, where managing access was not easy/possible. Data was collected using WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire (Persian Version). Data also analyzed with STATA 14, and SPSS 23 using T-test and multiple regression. Results This study showed that mean (SD) age of PLWH was 40.21 (10.45) years. Females had better QOL than males except for spirituality, religion and personal beliefs. The gender differences disappeared in multivariate results. A significant association was observed between education and the independence, environment, and spirituality domains of QOL. In addition, being married was correlated with overall QOL, psychological and social relationships domains of QOL of PLWH. Drug use was a behavioral factor with negative influence on the QOL. Conclusion This study found that marital status and drug use were the main predictors of various domains of QOL. Drug use was a behavioral factor with a negative influence on the QOL. Hence, it is recommended that health professionals, planners, and policymakers take effective measures to improve the status quo.
Published: 2021
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9. Investigating Global Spatial Patterns of Diarrhea-Related Mortality in Children Under Five

Author: Ali Almasi, Alireza Zangeneh, Arash Ziapour, Shahram Saeidi, Raziyeh Teimouri, Tohid Ahmadi, Mehdi Khezeli, Ghobad Moradi, Moslem Soofi, Yahya Salimi, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Seyed Ramin Ghasemi, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Shahrzad Moghadam, and Tan Yigitcanlar
Subjects: spatial pattern, child death, diarrheal diseases, GIS, global, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: ObjectiveInvestigating the trends of child diarrhea-related mortality (DRM) is crucial to tracking and monitoring the progress of its prevention and control efforts worldwide. This study explores the spatial patterns of diarrhea-related mortality in children under five for monitoring and designing effective intervention programs.MethodsThe data used in this study was obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) public dataset that contained data from 195 countries from the year 2000 to 2017. This dataset contained 13,541,989 DRM cases. The worldwide spatial pattern of DRM was analyzed at the country level utilizing geographic information system (GIS) software. Moran's I, Getis-Ord Gi, Mean center, and Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE) techniques were used to conduct the spatial analysis.ResultsThe spatial pattern of DRM was clustered all across the world during the study period from 2000 to 2017. The results revealed that Asian and African countries had the highest incidence of DRM worldwide. The findings from the spatial modeling also revealed that the focal point of death from diarrhea was mainly in Asian countries until 2010, and this focus shifted to Africa in 2011.ConclusionDRM is common among children who live in Asia and Africa. These concentrations may also be due to differences in knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding diarrhea. Through GIS analysis, the study was able to map the distribution of DRM in temporal and spatial dimensions and identify the hotspots of DRM across the globe.
Published: 2022
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10. Spatial patterns analysis and hotspots of HIV over 20 years using geographic information system. A case study of Kermanshah, West Iran

Author: Nahid Khademi, Shahram Saeidi, Alireza Zangeneh, Seyed Ghasem, Arash Ziapour, and Fareba Saeidi
Subjects: hiv, iran, gis, kermanshah, spatial patterns, Medicine
Published: 2019
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11. The Spatiality of COVID-19 in Kermanshah Metropolis, Iran

Author: Alireza Zanganeh, Komali Yenneti, Raziyeh Teimouri, Shahram Saeidi, Farid Najafi, Ebrahim Shakiba, Shahrzad Moghadam, and Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani
Subjects: spatial epidemiology, COVID-19, social classes, Kermanshah, Iran, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Social Sciences
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a severe ongoing health crisisworldwide. Studying the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 can help policymakers develop successful pandemic management plans. This paper focuses on the spatial epidemiology of COVID-19 among different social classes in the Kermanshah metropolis, Iran. This cross-sectional study uses the data of people infected with COVID-19 in the Kermanshah metropolis in 2020, acquired from the official COVID-19 Registry of Kermanshah. The results show that 2013 people were infected with COVID-19 (male = 1164 and female = 849). The mean age of the patients was 45 ± 18.69. The Moran’s I show that COVID-19 in different social classes was clustered across the neighbourhoods in the Kermanshah metropolis. The mean ages of men and women were 44.51 ± 18.62 and 45.69 ± 18.76, respectively. Importantly, COVID-19 was highly prevalent in the middle-class groups. Age group comparisons indicate that older people were the most infected in poorer neighbourhoods. In the middle-classtheage group of 0–14 years and in the rich neighbourhoods the age group of 15–64 years were the most exposed to the disease. The findings of this study suggest that older people and lower socioeconomic classes should be prioritised while developing and implementing preventative programs for COVID-19 and similar pandemics.
Published: 2022
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12. A study of 0-14-year-old children's access to health centers in rural areas using a buffer model (a case study of villages based in Kermanshah province, Iran)

Author: Ali Almasi, Alireza Zangeneh, Shahram Saeidi, Razie Toghroli, Raziyeh Teimouri, Akram Sadat Hoseini, Neda Kinipour, Fatemeh Mahmoodi, and Kobra Gholami Kiaee
Subjects: child, geographic information system, health-care disparities, hospitals, rural health services, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Children are among the most vulnerable groups in society, whose health is of prominent significance. Moreover, as a group of clients with special needs in the health care system, they require special attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the 0–14-year-old children's access to health centers in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, both the latest published demographic statistics related to the Population and Housing Census, announced by the Statistical Center of Iran in 2011, and the information about the public and private hospitals in the province, collected by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, were used as the basis for the analyses. In addition, given the importance of the spatial nature of the research, geographic information system was used for data analysis, and a buffer model was also applied. RESULTS: The results revealed that out of the total population of 0–14-year-old children residing in rural areas within 15,000 and 30,000-km radii of Kermanshah Province, 87.94% and 75.11% of girls versus 88.15% and 75.38% of boys lacked access to health centers, respectively. CONCLUSION: It was found out that the 0–14-year-old children's access to health centers was in poor condition in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, which would endanger the health of this age group.
Published: 2020
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13. Ergodic Retractions for Families of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings

Author: Shahram Saeidi
Subjects: Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, T57-57.97, Analysis, QA299.6-433
Abstract: We prove some theorems for the existence of ergodic retractions onto the set of common fixed points of a family of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Our results extend corresponding results of Benavides and Ramírez (2001), and Li and Sims (2002).
Published: 2010
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14. A counterexample to the article 'On the fixed points of affine nonexpansive mappings'

Author: Shahram Saeidi
Subjects: Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract: We give a counterexample to the article “On the fixed points of affine nonexpansive mappings” (2001).
Published: 2006
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15. Lifestyle in people living with HIV: a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran

Author: Alireza Zanganeh, Nahid Khademi, Arash Ziapour, Naser Farahmandmoghadam, Neda Izadi, Shahram Saeidi, Amirreza Aghayani, Raziyeh Teimouri, Shahrzad Moghadam, Ali Khodaey, Seyed Ramin Ghasemi, Reza Pourmirza Kalhori, Zanganeh, Alireza, Khademi, Nahid, Ziapour, Arash, Farahmandmoghadam, Naser, Izadi, Neda, Saeidi, Shahram, Aghayani, Amirreza, Teimouri, Raziyeh, Moghadam, Shahrzad, Khodaey, Ali, Ghasemi, Seyed Ramin, and Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza
Subjects: AIDS, health behavior, healthy lifestyle, health promotion, Health Policy, people living, HIV, lifestyles
Abstract: There is limited research on the role of lifestyle in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study investigated the health-promoting lifestyle among PLWH in Kermanshah-Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 321 PLWH patients referred to the Kermanshah Behavioral Diseases counseling Center between 2017 and 2018. Patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a standard health promotion lifestyle profile (HPLP-II) questionnaire. Regression and T-tests were used in SPSS 21 and Stata software to analyze the data. The mean age of patients was 41.07 ± 9.14 years. The mean HPLP score of patients in stress management had the lowest mean score (19.44 ± 4.22), and health responsibility had the highest mean score (22.22 ± 4.57). Comparisons between women and men also showed that women had a lower mean score than men in stress management. In addition, significant differences in their HPLP were observed only in the area of physical activity. The final model had significant influence on the PLWH ( P
Published: 2023

16. Discovering the maximum k-clique on social networks using bat optimization algorithm

Author: Shahram Saeidi and Akram Khodadadi
Subjects: Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:QA75.5-76.95, Ant colony optimization, Software, Convergence (routing), Genetic algorithm, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Clique, Social network, lcsh:T58.5-58.64, business.industry, lcsh:Information technology, Ant colony optimization algorithms, Bat optimization algorithm, Social network analysis (criminology), 020206 networking & telecommunications, K-clique problem, Coding theory, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Modeling and Simulation, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science, business, Algorithm, Information Systems
Abstract: The k-clique problem is identifying the largest complete subgraph of size k on a network, and it has many applications in Social Network Analysis (SNA), coding theory, geometry, etc. Due to the NP-Complete nature of the problem, the meta-heuristic approaches have raised the interest of the researchers and some algorithms are developed. In this paper, a new algorithm based on the Bat optimization approach is developed for finding the maximum k-clique on a social network to increase the convergence speed and evaluation criteria such as Precision, Recall, and F1-score. The proposed algorithm is simulated in Matlab® software over Dolphin social network and DIMACS dataset for k = 3, 4, 5. The computational results show that the convergence speed on the former dataset is increased in comparison with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approaches. Besides, the evaluation criteria are also modified on the latter dataset and the F1-score is obtained as 100% for k = 5.
Published: 2021

17. A new model for calculating the maximum trust in Online Social Networks and solving by Artificial Bee Colony algorithm

Author: Shahram Saeidi
Subjects: Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Recommender system, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, lcsh:QA75.5-76.95, 020204 information systems, Genetic algorithm, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Artificial Bee Colony Optimization, Social network analysis, Maximum trust, Statistical hypothesis testing, Genetic Algorithm, Social network, lcsh:T58.5-58.64, business.industry, lcsh:Information technology, Ant colony optimization algorithms, Ant Colony Optimization, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Artificial bee colony algorithm, Test case, Trust route, Modeling and Simulation, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science, business, computer, Social Network Analysis, Information Systems
Abstract: The social networks are widely used by millions of people worldwide. The trust concept is one of the most important issues in Social Network Analysis (SNA) which highly affects the quantity and quality of the inter-connections, decisions, and interactions among the users in e-commerce or recommendation systems. Many normative algorithms are developed to calculate the trust which most of them are complicated, depend on the network structure, and need lots of critical information that makes them hard to use. The aim of this paper is proposing a descriptive, simple and effective method for calculating the maximal trust and the trust route between any two users of an Online Social Network (OSN). For this purpose, four new models for estimating the trust mechanism of the users are proposed and analyzed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Anderson–Darling statistical hypothesis tests to identify and validate the best-fitted model based on 20,613 empirical results gathered from 4552 social network volunteers. Due to the time–complexity of the problem, a meta-heuristic algorithm based on the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization method is also developed for solving the best-fitted model. The proposed algorithm is simulated in Matlab®over six larger test cases adopted from the Facebook dataset. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed algorithm, the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based meta-heuristics are also simulated on the same test cases. The comparison of the computational results shows that the ABC approach performs better than the ACO and GA as the size of the network increases.
Published: 2020

18. Investigation of Climatic, Health and Economic Factors Affecting on Mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Author: Ali Almasi, Alireza Zangeneh, Shahram Saeidi, Seyedeh-Samira Shafiee-Masuleh, Maryam Choobtashani, Fariba Saeidi, Farbod Ebadi Fard Azar, Arash Ziapour, and Javad Yoosefi Lebni
Subjects: Climate, lcsh:RJ1-570, Economic, health, lcsh:Pediatrics, Mortality, Eastern Mediterranean Region, humanities
Abstract: Background Mortality is one of the indicators of community health and reflects the social, economic and environmental status of the residence of people. In this regard, countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have many problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting on mortality in the region. Materials and Methods This study was conducted in the 22 EMR countries. Required data on mortality were collected from WHO online database and Weather, Geneva, Switzerland. The data were analyzed by ArcGIS 10.6.1 software, graphic statistical methods, SPSS software version 23.0, descriptive statistical tests, ANOVA, and regression correlation coefficient. Results The results showed that in the 22 EMR countries, mortality in children under five, neonatal mortality rate, mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, mortality rate attributed to exposure to unsafe WASH services and mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning were 52 per 1000 live births, 26.6 per 1000 live births, 58.8 per 100,000 population, 13.1 per 100,000 population and 1.4 per 100,000 population, respectively. The results showed that the countries of Somalia, Yemen, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sudan, and Djibouti were in a very poor situation and there was an inequality in health in the countries of the region. Conclusion Based on the results, the main factors affecting mortality rate included: 1) Average precipitation, 2) Latitude, 3) Above sea level, 4) Food safety, and 5) Births attended by skilled health personnel.
Published: 2019

19. Investigation of some Factors Affecting Stunting and Wasting among the Under-Five Children in Eastern Mediterranean Region

Author: Ali Almasi, Shahram Saeidi, Alireza Zanganeh, Arash Ziapour, Maryam Choobtashan, Fariba Saeidi, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, and Farbod Ebadi Fard Azar
Subjects: Stunting, Climate, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, Eastern Mediterranean Region, Wasting
Abstract: Background: Stunting and wasting, as two key health indexes in any society, are two major factors in children’s physical and mental growth in the future, especially in developing countries. We aimed to investigate some factors affecting stunting and wasting among the under-five children in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the present study consisted of the under-five children suffering from stunting and wasting in the EMR and natural factors from the website of World Meteorological Organization (WMO), based on the secondary data in the period 2005-2016. After that, the maps were extracted using the Geographical Information System (GIS). Finally, for data analysis, the regression, path analysis and cluster analysis techniques were employed in the SPSS Statistical Software (version 23.0). Results: The highest rates of stunting were in Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Sudan, whereas Djibouti, Yemen, Somalia and Sudan had the highest rates of wasting. Accordingly, the children’s stunting was affected by their wasting (Beta=0.918), and reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health interventions economic status (Direct Impact= -0.323, R= 0.865, R2= 0.748, ADJR2=0.720, P
Published: 2019

20. Quality of life of HIV-infected individuals: insights from a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran

Author: Yahya Salimi, Alireza Zanganeh, Mehdi Khezeli, Kobra Gholami Kiaee, Tan Yigitcanlar, Babak Jamshidi, Raziyeh Teimouri, Shahram Saeidi, Ali Almasi, Nahid Khademi, Khademi, Nahid, Zanganeh, Alireza, Saeidi, Shahram, Teimouri, Raziyeh, Khezeli, Mehdi, Jamshidi, Babak, Yigitcanlar, Tan, Salimi, Yahya, Almasi, Ali, and Gholami Kiaee, Kobra
Subjects: Quality of life, Adult, Male, Gerontology, HIV patients, Psychometrics, kermanshah, Status quo, media_common.quotation_subject, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Iran, medicine.disease_cause, Ambulatory Care Facilities, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hiv infected, Humans, Medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, Patient treatment, 030212 general & internal medicine, WHO model, media_common, 030505 public health, Health professionals, business.industry, Middle Aged, humanities, Kermanshah, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, quality of life, Persian version, Marital status, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background Quality of life (QOL) is one of the major factors to assessing the health and wellbeing of People living with HIV (PLWH). Likewise, improved QOL is among the prominent goals of patient treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the QOL of PLWH in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 PLWH of Kermanshah between 2016 and 2017. Outpatients were selected as the sample through the convenience sampling method from HIV Positive Clients of Kermanshah Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center. The reasons for the selection of outpatients include: (a) some patients were substance users, homeless or did not have a fixed address to follow-up; (b) addresses and personal details that were registered on the first admission were incorrect or incomplete; (c) due to financial issues, some were forced to relocate frequently and were difficult to track; (d) some patients were convicts or prisoners, making it hard to find them after their release; (e) some of them were from other provinces, where managing access was not easy/possible. Data was collected using WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire (Persian Version). Data also analyzed with STATA 14, and SPSS 23 using T-test and multiple regression. Results This study showed that mean (SD) age of PLWH was 40.21 (10.45) years. Females had better QOL than males except for spirituality, religion and personal beliefs. The gender differences disappeared in multivariate results. A significant association was observed between education and the independence, environment, and spirituality domains of QOL. In addition, being married was correlated with overall QOL, psychological and social relationships domains of QOL of PLWH. Drug use was a behavioral factor with negative influence on the QOL. Conclusion This study found that marital status and drug use were the main predictors of various domains of QOL. Drug use was a behavioral factor with a negative influence on the QOL. Hence, it is recommended that health professionals, planners, and policymakers take effective measures to improve the status quo.
Published: 2021

21. Spatial modeling of mortality from acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in 2000-2017: a global study

Author: Sohyla Reshadat, Mehdi Khezeli, Alireza Zangeneh, Raziyeh Teimouri, Samira Rahimi Naderi, Shahram Saeidi, Ali Almasi, Almasi, Ali, Reshadat, Sohyla, Zangeneh, Alireza, Khezeli, Mehdi, Teimouri, Raziyeh, Naderi, Samira Rahimi, and Saeidi, Shahram
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Respiration Disorders, Pediatrics, mortality, RJ1-570, respiration disorders, Editorial, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Original Article, geographic information system, Other, Mortality, Respiratory system, business, Geographic information system
Abstract: Background: Over the past few decades, various goals have been defined to reduce the mortality of children caused by acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) worldwide. However, few spatial studies to date have reported on ALRI deaths.Purpose: We aimed to assess the spatial modeling of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years of age during 2000–2017 using a global data.Methods: The data on the mortality of children under 5 years old caused by ALRI were initially obtained from the official website of the World Health Organization. The income status of their home countries was also gathered from the Country Income Groups (World Bank Classification) website and divided into 5 categories. After that, in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment, a database was created and the statistical tests and related maps were extracted. The Global Moran’s I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and geographically weighted regression were used for the analyses. In this study, higher z scores indicated the hot spots, while lower z scores indicated the cold spots.Results: In 2000–2017, child mortality showed a downward trend from 17.6 per 100,000 children to 8.1 and had a clustered pattern. Hot spots were concentrated in Asia in 2000 but shifted toward African countries by 2017. A cold spot that formed in Europe in 2007 showed an ascending trend by 2017. Based on the results of geographically weighted regression test, the regions identified as the hot spots of mortality from ALRI in children under 5 years old were among the middle-income countries (R2=0.01, adjusted R2=8.77).Conclusion: While the total number of child deaths in 2000– 2017 has decreased, the number of hot spots has increased among countries. This study also concluded that, during the study period, Central and Western Africa countries became the main new hot spots of deaths from ALRI.
Published: 2021

22. A Study of the Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Children Access to Pharmacies: A Case Study of Kermanshah, West of Iran

Author: Sohyla Reshadat, Alireza Zangeneh, Shahram Saeidi, Arash Ziapour, Fariba Saeidi, and Maryam Choobtashani
Subjects: lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, Pharmacy, Geographic Information System (GIS), Children, Network Analysis
Abstract: Background Adequate access to health services has tremendous effects on the usefulness and efficiency of health care. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the access of girls under the age of 14 years old to pharmacies in Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, the access of Results In terms of access to 25 pharmacies through walking, the findings revealed that lacked access as much as 48.83%. In terms of access to daytime pharmacies through walking, 88.05% had improper access. Furthermore, in terms of access to 25 pharmacies through driving, the results were as follows: with five minutes of driving (24.75% no access), with 10 minutes of driving (9.07% no access), and with 15 minutes of driving (1.97% no access). As for access to daytime pharmacies through driving, the results were as follows: with five minutes of driving (5.42% no access), with 10 minutes of driving (2.15% no access). Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrated that the access for girls under the age of 14 years to pharmacies through walking was in poor condition. However, it was found out that access through driving was much better than access through walking.
Published: 2018

23. The Study of Children and Adolescents' Access to Hospitals and Emergency Centers in Kermanshah, West of Iran

Author: Sohyla Reshadat, Shahram Saeidi, Alireza Zangeneh, Arash Ziapour, Maryam Choobtashani, and Fariba Saeidi
Subjects: Hospital, Emergency, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, Iran, Adolescents, Children, Access
Abstract: Background: The enjoyment of different walks of life of health care is one of the top priorities. To this end, access is a precondition for the establishment of justice in human societies. Given that keeping the health of some groups in societies is of special importance due to their special age-physical conditions, the present study aimed to investigate the access of children and adolescents under 19 years old to hospitals and emergency centers in Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study, the statistical population comprised the children and adolescents under 19 residing in Kermanshah, Iran. Moreover, all public and private hospitals and emergency centers located in Kermanshah were studied. To evaluate the spatial deployment pattern of hospitals and emergency centers as well as correct and true access to them, all data and information were evaluated using the Network Analyst and Arc-GIS Software. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that about 37% of the children and adolescents under 19 had appropriate access to hospitals and emergency centers. In terms of the status of access during 5, 10, and 15 minutes of driving, 42.90%, 80.27% and 89.28% had proper access to hospitals, respectively. Moreover, in terms of access through walking and driving, the 15-19 age group had the most access, as opposed to the 0-4 age group without access. Conclusion: In Kermanshah, the access of children and adolescents under 19 to hospitals and emergency centers using vehicles was in a desirable condition, an indication of the success of implementing some post-revolutionary health plans and reducing deprivation and eliminating inequalities across various regions. However, it should be noted that there were problems in terms of access to hospitals and emergency centers through walking, which requires taking actions by authorities in Kermanshah.
Published: 2018

24. A Study of Children's Geographic Access to Health Services (Health Care Centers and Clinical Laboratories) in Kermanshah City, Iran

Author: Sohyla Reshadat, Shahram Saeidi, Alireza Zangeneh, Arash Ziapour, Maryam Choobtashani, and Fariba Saeidi
Subjects: lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, Geographic Access, Health Services, Iran
Abstract: Background Given that the protection of children's health is of special importance due to their special age and physical conditions, the present study aimed to investigate the condition of children's Geographic access to health services (Health Centers and Clinical Laboratories) in Kermanshah city, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this applied study, the research approach was descriptive-analytic using quantitative models in Geographic information system (GIS) environment. The statistical population was the whole population of young girls aged 0-14 years old in Kermanshah, Iran. Moreover, to evaluate the spatial deployment pattern of health services and the correct and true access of this groupto such services, all data and information were collected through the Iranian Statistics Center and evaluated using the Arc-GIS Software. The latest published population statistics on the Population and Housing Census in 2011 were considered the basis for the analyses. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that more than 40% and 60% of the young girls aged 0-14 years old in Kermanshah were deprived of proper access to health centers and clinical laboratories, respectively. In terms of the status of children’s access in the Second Scenario (access to health services by vehicles) and during 5, 10, and 15 minutes, about 5.53%, 93.1% and 15.1% lacked access to health centers, respectively. In addition, in terms of the status of children’s access to clinical laboratories during 5, 10, and 15 minutes, 17.26%, 65.4% and 51% lacked access to clinical laboratories, respectively. Conclusion: The access of young girls aged 0-14 years old to health services in Kermanshah was undesirable in the access to health services through walking. Additionally, the access of this groupto health services in the access to health services by vehicles was far better than the first one.
Published: 2018

25. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Sorin Hostiuc, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Jorge R. Ledesma, Carsten Flohr, Masoumeh Sadeghi, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Behzad Karami Matin, Cyrus Alinia, Mehdi Bohluli, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Bernhard T. Baune, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Dinh-Toi Chu, Beatrix Haddock, Gianfranco Alicandro, Vasily Vlassov, Mohammad Taghi Khodayari, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Fereshteh Ansari, Michael K. Hole, Azeem Majeed, Iman Halvaei, Saqib Ali, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Tomas Y. Yeheyis, John S. Ji, Martin McKee, Jamileh Shadid, Leonardo Roever, Peng Jia, Ettore Beghi, Pablo M. Lavados, Young Eun Kim, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Ahmad Daryani, Cathleen Keller, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Nicole K. DeCleene, Ebrahim Babaee, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Boris Bikbov, William M. Gardner, Lydia M. Haile, Luca Ronfani, Azalea M. Thomson, Irena Ilic, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Yingxi Zhao, Guoqing Hu, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Nathaniel J. Henry, Brijesh Sathian, Daniel Kim, Peter Memiah, Mohammad Hadi Abbasi, Andrea Farioli, Zahra Kamiab, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Matthew C. Doxey, Tommi Vasankari, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Luisa Sorio Flor, Priya Rathi, Shanshan Li, Tanvir M. Huda, Dillon O Sylte, Rosario Cárdenas, Agegnehu Bante, Helen Ippolito, Alyssa Acebedo, Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Anwar Faraj, João Pedro Silva, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Pushpendra Kumar, Sangram Kishor Patel, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Holly E. Erskine, Eugene Sobngwi, Filippo Ariani, Shane D. Morrison, Mohammad Aghaali, Meghan D. Mooney, Vera Marisa Costa, Palash Chandra Banik, Rupak Desai, Ken Takahashi, Maigeng Zhou, Morteza Oladnabi, Bogdan Oancea, Daniela Ribeiro, Mohammad Farahmand, Irmina Maria Michalek, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Emilie R Maddison, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Damian G. Hoy, Hosni Salem, V. Prakash, Shuhei Nomura, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Anders Larsson, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Somayeh Bohlouli, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Siamak Sabour, Theo Vos, Han Yong Wunrow, Khaled Khatab, Alireza Zangeneh, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Marissa B Reitsma, Hannah J. Henrikson, Randah R. Hamadeh, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Giuseppe Grosso, Ziyad Al-Aly, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Joseph L Ward, Roba Khundkar, Ricardo Santiago Gomez, Reza Malekzadeh, John J. McGrath, Sandra B. Munro, Shahin Soltani, Amy E. Peden, Rufus Akinyemi, Marcel Ausloos, Naohiro Yonemoto, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Guilherme Borges, Sadia Bibi, Farhad Islami, Hamed Mirzaei, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, M. Ashworth Dirac, Hosna Janjani, Kairat Davletov, Hermann Brenner, Yuichiro Yano, Elissa M. Abrams, Ana Vukovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Jennifer O Lam, Mona Pathak, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Asadollah Gholamian, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Babak Eshrati, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Atte Meretoja, Lorenzo Monasta, Ronan A. Lyons, Neda Kianipour, Desalegn Getnet Demsie, Yasir Waheed, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Davide Sattin, Kevin S Ikuta, Ghobad Moradi, Srinivas Goli, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Mika Kivimäki, Christopher Troeger, Jordi Alonso, Alireza Ahmadi, Navid Manafi, Caroline Stein, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Jason Nguyen, Moses K. Muriithi, Aziz Rezapour, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Adrian Pana, H. Dean Hosgood, Noore Alam, James L. Fisher, Mariam Molokhia, Susan F. Rumisha, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Ayman Grada, Emma Nichols, Babak Asghari, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Ferrán Catalá-López, Aletta E. Schutte, Fiona B. Bennitt, Maciej Banach, Antonio Biondi, Donal Bisanzio, Josip Car, Ronny Westerman, Shafiu Mohammed, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Kenji Shibuya, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Karen M. Tabb, Paula Moraga, Soheil Hassanipour, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Avina Vongpradith, Dara K. Mohammad, Ralph Maddison, Babak Moazen, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Rahman Shiri, Fernando Neves Hugo, Hmwe H Kyu, Zachary V Dingels, Florian Fischer, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Massimo Cirillo, Nikita Otstavnov, Robert C. Reiner, Van C. Lansingh, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez, Ashkan Afshin, Benjamin A Stark, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Natalie C. Galles, Behnam Heidari, Eun-Kee Park, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Suzanne Polinder, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Amir Radfar, Mowafa Househ, Derrick A Bennett, Gaorui Guo, Hesam Ghiasvand, Taweewat Wiangkham, Tamás Joó, Cristiana Abbafati, Kathryn Mei Ming Lau, Anita K. Nandi, Miklós Szócska, Manasi Kumar, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Simon Yadgir, Victor Aboyans, Justin J. Lang, Catherine O. Johnson, Soewarta Kosen, Carla Sofia e.Sá Farinha, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Kamarul Imran Musa, Farshad Pourmalek, Kiomars Sharafi, Heather Orpana, Samuel B. Albertson, Mahdi Afshari, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Adrian Oţoiu, Iván Landires, Robert G. Weintraub, Kidanemaryam Berhe, André Faro, Sophia Emmons-Bell, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Alexandre C. Pereira, Mehdi Naderi, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Arash Etemadi, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, Theodore Patrick Younker, Joemer C. Maravilla, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Borhan Mansouri, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir, Linda Morales, Amanda Deen, Noushin Mohammadifard, Obinna Onwujekwe, Ai Koyanagi, Michele Nguyen, Chieh Han, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Mika Shigematsu, Mohammed Shannawaz, Khurshid Alam, Javad Nazari, Bryan L. Sykes, Rajat Das Gupta, Stephen S Lim, Lingkan Barua, Zubair Kabir, Michael Brauer, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Deepa Jahagirdar, Kaja Abbas, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Mark A. Stokes, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Kanyin L. Ong, Kate Causey, Ahmed Omar Bali, Matilde Leonardi, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, André Karch, Blair R. Bumgarner, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Jennifer H MacLachlan, Saeed Amini, Parvaiz A Koul, Blessing J. Akombi, Ro Ting Lin, Dabere Nigatu, Alaa Badawi, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Deanna Anderlini, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Rupert R A Bourne, Tanuj Kanchan, Catherine P. Benziger, Tahiya Alam, M. Mofizul Islam, Muktar Omer Omer, Leila Zaki, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Inbal Salz, Katharine J Looker, Shiwei Liu, Fatemeh Amiri, Christopher R. Cederroth, Mitra Abbasifard, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Mohamed M. Gad, Assefa Desalew, Lidia Morawska, Davood Anvari, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Hadi Pourjafar, Abdu A. Adamu, Maryam Adabi, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Jessica A. Cruz, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Hasanzadeh, Jordan Weiss, Maryam Ghadimi, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Serge Resnikoff, Joanna L Whisnant, Kelly Compton, Priya Parmar, Sanjay Basu, Leila R Kalankesh, Nickolas Reinig, Ana Maria Mantilla Herrera, Fatemeh Rajati, Damian Santomauro, Mojisola Oluwasanu, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, David M. Pereira, Joht Singh Chandan, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Hoa Thi Do, Whitney L. Teagle, Hans W. Hoek, James Leigh, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Yasser Vasseghian, Stephanie R M Zimsen, Charlie Ashbaugh, Fariba Dorostkar, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Mikk Jürisson, Golnaz Heidari, Kala M. Mehta, Saeed Shahabi, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Hai Quang Pham, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Joshua A. Salomon, David C. Schwebel, Milena Ilic, Kareha M Agesa, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Santosh Varughese, Yousef Mohammad, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Mihaela Hostiuc, Richard G. Cowden, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Thomas Pilgrim, Alessandra C. Goulart, Leila Doshmangir, Gabriele Nagel, Saravanan Muthupandian, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Maryam Mirzaei, Zabihollah Yousefi, Shadrach Wilson, Iman El Sayed, Juanita A. Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Eirini Skiadaresi, Reza Shirkoohi, Tim Driscoll, Morteza Jafarinia, Maha El Tantawi, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Abdilahi Yousuf Yousuf, Dickson A. Amugsi, Awoke Misganaw, Maseer Khan, Norito Kawakami, Jingkai Wei, Jai K Das, Vishnu Renjith, Tessa M. Pilz, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Roghiyeh Faridnia, Islam Y. Elgendy, Prateek Rastogi, Lauren B. Wilner, Josep Maria Haro, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Ben Lacey, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Sam Rolfe, Iffat Elbarazi, Yannick Béjot, Raimundas Lunevicius, Sezer Kisa, Harish Chander Gugnani, Basema Saddik, Manu Raj Mathur, Mansour Ghafourifard, Riaz Uddin, Anna Poznańska, Faris Lami, Niguse Meles Alema, Michael T. Chung, Arya Aminorroaya, Arash Sarveazad, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, João M. Furtado, Hamid Ahmadieh, Sara Conti, Yunquan Zhang, Manthan D Janodia, Aislyn U. Orji, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Jalal Arabloo, Gabrielle B. Britton, Colm McAlinden, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Simona Cătălina Ştefan, Ester Cerin, Nuno Taveira, Lars Jacob Stovner, Amir Taherkhani, Masoud Foroutan, Tomasz Miazgowski, Amir Manafi, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Mithila Faruque, Alan D. Lopez, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Graeme J. Hankey, Mojgan Gitimoghaddam, Chantal Huynh, G Anil Kumar, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Turki Alanzi, Simon Øverland, David Laith Rawaf, Brian J. Hall, Edward J Mills, Ali Kabir, Ravi Prakash Jha, Akbar Barzegar, Simin Mouodi, Alize J. Ferrari, Chirag P. Doshi, Saleh Salehi Zahabi, Mohsen Naghavi, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Amir Jalali, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Maarten J. Postma, David Edvardsson, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Catherine M. Antony, Hannah Han, Ken Lee Chin, Getinet Ayano, Kewal Krishan, Maryam Zamanian, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Daniel Diaz, Oliver J. Brady, Mohsen Bayati, Christopher M Odell, Jalil Jaafari, Walter Mendoza, Susanna Dunachie, Raffaele Palladino, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Alessandra Lugo, Reshmi Bhageerathy, Paulo A. Lotufo, Maia Kereselidze, Salman Rawaf, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Mousa Yaminfirooz, Neeraj Bedi, Mahesh P A, Harvey Whiteford, Gina Agarwal, Pallab K. Maulik, Ranjitha S Shetty, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Prasanna Mithra, Binyam Minuye Birihane, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Tomislav Mestrovic, Razique Anwer, Marcello Tonelli, Hanne Christensen, Juan Jesus Carrero, Ali H. Mokdad, Alberto Ortiz, Samad Azari, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Stephen R. Robinson, Saeid Safiri, Masood Ali Shaikh, Rajesh Sagar, Kelly Cercy, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, João Vasco Santos, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Sarah Lewington, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Savita Lasrado, Abdul Moiz Hafiz, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Praveen Hoogar, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Peng Zheng, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Paul H. Lee, Cameron J. Kneib, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Harrison Chase Gottlich, Andrew M. Briggs, Alibek Mereke, Om P Kurmi, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Shahram Saeidi, Anbissa Muleta Senbeta, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie, Aminu K. Bello, Tomi Akinyemiju, Ambrish Singh, Anamika Pandey, Matthew Cunningham, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Christine Linehan, Ata Rafiee, Maria Inês Schmidt, Vincent C. Iannucci, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Dinesh Bhandari, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso, Valery L. Feigin, Christopher J L Murray, James D. Harvey, Daniel Cury Ribeiro, Girikumar Kumaresh, Javad Yoosefi Lebni, Elisabetta Pupillo, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Marlena S Bannick, Caitlyn Steiner, Agus Sudaryanto, Eduardo Bernabé, Fereshteh Mehri, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Shaun Roberts, Rajeev Gupta, Jamal A. Yearwood, Nima Rezaei, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, David M. Pigott, Hadi Hassankhani, Samuel M. Ostroff, Gerhard Sulo, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Fiona J Charlson, Norberto Perico, Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Sergio I. Prada, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Mustafa Z. Younis, Neeraj Bhala, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Hue Thi Mai, Marwa Rashad Salem, Reza Pourmirza Kalhori, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Stefan Lorkowski, Farzad Jalilian, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Haley Lescinsky, Gholamreza Roshandel, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Kirsten E. Wiens, Ionut Negoi, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Daniel J. Weiss, Sare Safi, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Fablina Sharara, François Alla, Mohammad Rabiee, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Jack T Fox, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Ratilal Lalloo, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Rohollah Kalhor, Firooz Esmaeilzadeh, Brittney S. Sheena, Kyle E. Simpson, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Vivekanand Jha, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Nader Jahanmehr, Yuming Guo, George C. Patton, Rashid Abdi Guled, Tim C.D. Lucas, Alberto Raggi, Peter W. Gething, Mohaimenul Islam, Abdallah M. Samy, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Roman Topor-Madry, C. E. G. Brayne, Phoebe Anne Rhinehart, Isabela M. Benseñor, Michal Grivna, Taren M. Gorman, Natalie C. Momen, Afsaneh Arzani, Tufa Kolola, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Alexandra S. Boon-Dooley, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Hassan Abolhassani, Perminder S. Sachdev, Vivek Kumar, Anton Sokhan, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Davoud Adham, Ahad Bakhtiari, Nataliya A. Foigt, Venkatesh Maled, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Ashley Marks, Rizwan Kalani, Soraya Siabani, Jiayu Wang, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Vivian Chia-Rong Hsieh, Kris J. Krohn, Falk Schwendicke, Alex R. Chang, Muhammad Ali, Christine Lin, Rose G Bender, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Tissa Wijeratne, Chris D Castle, Saif Ullah, Nikolaos Dervenis, Joan B. Soriano, Syed Amir Gilani, Jianing Ma, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Dana Bryazka, Christian Razo, Manuela L. Ferreira, Ankur Joshi, Alireza Rafiei, Vinay Nangia, Victor Adekanmbi, Frances E. Dean, Chuanhua Yu, Elizabeth A. Cromwell, Pascual R. 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L., Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Environmental Sciences, Public Health, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Sálfræðideild (HR), Department of Psychology (RU), Samfélagssvið (HR), School of Social Sciences (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborator, Violante FS, Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, and UT-I-ITC-ACQUAL
Subjects: Male, Life expectancy, Disability-Adjusted Life Year, Diseases, Disease, communicable disease, systematic analysis, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, 80 and over, Medicine, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, injuries, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Sjúkdómar, DEMENTIA, FALLS, General Medicine, Forvarnir, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, Human, GBD, Population health, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, education, Aged, Spatial Analysis, Global burden, Disability, Prevention, DISABILITY, Infant, Spatial Analysi, Mortality rate, Global Burden of Disease, Diseases, Injuries, Systematic analysis, PREVENTION, Years of potential life lost, Risk factors, Disease study, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, RISK-FACTORS, Clinical Medicine, RA, Demography, Fötlun, Dánartíðni, Áhættuþættir, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, 1. No poverty, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Middle Aged, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Female, Infant, Newborn, Young Adult, Lýðheilsa, CLINICAL-TRIALS, Population, Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica, diseases, ITC-HYBRID, Heilbrigðisvísindi, General & Internal Medicine, Mortality, Preschool, Disease burden, business.industry, Risk Factor, Klinisk medicin, Newborn, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Áverkar, Systematic analysis, NA, business
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990-2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0-9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10-24 years were also in the top ten in the 25-49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50-74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd., Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; the University of Melbourne; Queensland Department of Health, Australia; the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia; Public Health England; the Norwegian Institute of Public Health; St Jude Children's Research Hospital; the Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund; the National Institute on Ageing of the National Institutes of Health (award P30AG047845); and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (award R01MH110163). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this Article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated, the National Health Service (NHS), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the UK Department of Health and Social Care, or Public Health England; the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the US Government, or MEASURE Evaluation; or the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). This research used data from the Chile National Health Survey 2003, 2009-10, and 2016-17. The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Health, the survey copyright owner, for allowing them to have the database. All results of the study are those of the authors and in no way committed to the Ministry. The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study project is a longitudinal study by the University of Costa Rica's Centro Centroamericano de Poblacion and Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, in collaboration with the University of California at Berkeley. The original pre-1945 cohort was funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant 072406), and the 1945-55 Retirement Cohort was funded by the US National Institute on Aging (grant R01AG031716). The principal investigators are Luis Rosero-Bixby and William H Dow and co-principal investigators are Xinia Fernandez and Gilbert Brenes. The accuracy of the authors' statistical analysis and the findings they report are not the responsibility of ECDC. ECDC is not responsible for conclusions or opinions drawn from the data provided. ECDC is not responsible for the correctness of the data and for data management, data merging and data collation after provision of the data. ECDC shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study is an international study carried out in collaboration with WHO/EURO. The international coordinator of the 1997-98, 2001-02, 2005-06, and 2009-10 surveys was Candace Currie and the databank manager for the 1997-98 survey was Bente Wold, whereas for the following surveys Oddrun Samdal was the databank manager. A list of principal investigators in each country can be found on the HBSC website. Data used in this paper come from the 2009-10 Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Study Survey, which is a nationally representative survey of more than 5000 households in Ghana. The survey is a joint effort undertaken by the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) at the University of Ghana and the Economic Growth Centre (EGC) at Yale University. It was funded by EGC. ISSER and the EGC are not responsible for the estimations reported by the analysts. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with license number SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law, 2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data. Data for this research was provided by MEASURE Evaluation, funded by USAID. The authors thank the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, conducted by the National Research University Higher School of Economics and ZAO Demoscope together with Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Institute of Sociology, Russia Academy of Sciences for making data available. This paper uses data from the Bhutan 2014 STEPS survey, implemented by the Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; the Kuwait 2006 and 2014 STEPS surveys, implemented by the Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; the Libya 2009 STEPS survey, implemented by the Secretariat of Health and Environment with the support of WHO; the Malawi 2009 STEPS survey, implemented by Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; and the Moldova 2013 STEPS survey, implemented by the Ministry of Health, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the National Center of Public Health with the support of WHO. This paper uses data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Waves 1 (DOI:10.6103/SHARE. w1.700), 2 (10.6103/SHARE.w2.700), 3 (10.6103/SHARE.w3.700), 4 (10.6103/SHARE.w4.700), 5 (10.6103/SHARE.w5.700), 6 (10.6103/SHARE.w6.700), and 7 (10.6103/SHARE.w7.700); see Borsch-Supan and colleagues (2013) for methodological details. The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N degrees 211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N degrees 227822, SHARE M4: GA N degrees 261982) and Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N degrees 676536, SERISS: GA N degrees 654221) and by DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the US National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C), and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged. This study has been realised using the data collected by the Swiss Household Panel, which is based at the Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences. The project is financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The United States Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study is a supplement to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which is sponsored by the National Institute of Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740). It was conducted jointly by Duke University and the University of Michigan. The HRS is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740) and is conducted by the University of Michigan. This paper uses data from Add Health, a program project designed by J Richard Udry, Peter S Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris, and funded by a grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 17 other agencies. Special acknowledgment is due to Ronald R Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website. No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis. The data reported here have been supplied by the United States Renal Data System. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and in no way should be seen as an official policy or interpretation of the US Government. Collection of data for the Mozambique National Survey on the Causes of Death 2007-08 was made possible by USAID under the terms of cooperative agreement GPO-A-00-08-000_D3-00. This manuscript is based on data collected and shared by the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) from an original study IVI conducted. L G Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Brazil; finance code 001) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, a Brazilian funding agency). I N Ackerman was supported by a Victorian Health and Medical Research Fellowship awarded by the Victorian Government. O O Adetokunboh acknowledges the South African Department of Science and Innovation and the National Research Foundation. A Agrawal acknowledges the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship. S M Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. M Ausloos, C Herteliu, and A Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. A Badawi is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. D A Bennett was supported by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. R Bourne acknowledges the Brien Holden Vision Institute, University of Heidelberg, Sightsavers, Fred Hollows Foundation, and Thea Foundation. G B Britton and I Moreno Velasquez were supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion, SNI-SENACYT, Panama. R Buchbinder was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Principal Research Fellowship. J J Carrero was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2019-01059). F Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. A R Chang was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant K23 DK106515. V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, IP, under the Norma Transitaria DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. A Douiri acknowledges support and funding from the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the Royal College of Physicians, and support from the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. B B Duncan acknowledges grants from the Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (IATS and PrInt) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. H E Erskine is the recipient of an Australian NHMRC Early Career Fellowship grant (APP1137969). A J Ferrari was supported by a NHMRC Early Career Fellowship grant (APP1121516). H E Erskine and A J Ferrari are employed by and A M Mantilla-Herrera and D F Santomauro affiliated with the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, which receives core funding from the Queensland Department of Health. M L Ferreira holds an NHMRC Research Fellowship. C Flohr was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. M Freitas acknowledges financial support from the EU (European Regional Development Fund [FEDER] funds through COMPETE POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029248) and National Funds (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) through project PTDC/NAN-MAT/29248/2017. A L S Guimaraes acknowledges support from CNPq. C Herteliu was partially supported by a grant co-funded by FEDER through Operational Competitiveness Program (project ID P_40_382). P Hoogar acknowledges Centre for Bio Cultural Studies, Directorate of Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education and Centre for Holistic Development and Research, Kalaghatagi. F N Hugo acknowledges the Visiting Professorship, PRINT Program, CAPES Foundation, Brazil. B-F Hwang was supported by China Medical University (CMU107-Z-04), Taichung, Taiwan. S M S Islam was funded by a National Heart Foundation Senior Research Fellowship and supported by Deakin University. R Q Ivers was supported by a research fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. M Jakovljevic acknowledges the Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution was co-funded through Grant OI175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. P Jeemon was supported by a Clinical and Public Health intermediate fellowship (grant number IA/CPHI/14/1/501497) from the Wellcome Trust-Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2015-20). O John is a recipient of UIPA scholarship from University of New South Wales, Sydney. S V Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13, MC_UU_12017/15), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13, SPHSU15). C Kieling is a CNPq researcher and a UK Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellow. Y J Kim was supported by Research Management Office, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/00010). K Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar was supported by K43 TW 010716 FIC/NIMH. B Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. J V Lazarus was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Miguel Servet grant (Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII]/ESF, the EU [CP18/00074]). K J Looker thanks the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at the University of Bristol, in partnership with Public Health England, for research support. S Lorkowski was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1808A). R A Lyons is supported by Health Data Research UK (HDR-9006), which is funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, NIHR (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation, and Wellcome Trust. J J McGrath is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and the Queensland Health Department (via West Moreton HHS). P T N Memiah acknowledges support from CODESRIA. U O Mueller gratefully acknowledges funding by the German National Cohort Study BMBF grant number 01ER1801D. S Nomura acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (18K10082). A Ortiz was supported by ISCIII PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. S B Patten was supported by the Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health at the University of Calgary. G C Patton was supported by an aNHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship. M R Phillips was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, number 81371502 and 81761128031). A Raggi, D Sattin, and S Schiavolin were supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Linea 4-Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). P Rathi and B Unnikrishnan acknowledge Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. A L P Ribeiro was supported by Brazilian National Research Council, CNPq, and the Minas Gerais State Research Agency, FAPEMIG. D C Ribeiro was supported by The Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship (#18/111) Health Research Council of New Zealand. D Ribeiro acknowledges financial support from the EU (FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness Program; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253). P S Sachdev acknowledges funding from the NHMRC of Australia Program Grant. A M Samy was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. M M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract number 175087). R Sarmiento-Suarez received institutional support from Applied and Environmental Sciences University (Bogota, Colombia) and ISCIII (Madrid, Spain). A E Schutte received support from the South African National Research Foundation SARChI Initiative (GUN 86895) and Medical Research Council. S T S Skou is currently funded by a grant from Region Zealand (Exercise First) and a grant from the European Research Council under the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement number 801790). J B Soriano is funded by Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII. R Tabares-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. N Taveira was partially supported by the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, the EU (LIFE project, reference RIA2016MC-1615). S Tyrovolas was supported by the Foundation for Education and European Culture, the Sara Borrell postdoctoral programme (reference number CD15/00019 from ISCIII-FEDER). S B Zaman received a scholarship from the Australian Government research training programme in support of his academic career., "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2020
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26. Measures of spatial accessibility to health centers: investigating urban and rural disparities in Kermanshah, Iran

Author: Shahram Saeidi, Sohyla Reshadat, Alireza Zangeneh, Tan Yigitcanlar, Raziyeh Teimouri, Reshadat, Sohyla, Zangeneh, Alireza, Saeidi, Shahram, Teimouri, Raziyeh, and Yigitcanlar, Tan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, healthcare inequality, 03 medical and health sciences, Health services, 0302 clinical medicine, Effective interventions, Health care, Epidemiology, medicine, geographic information systems (GIS), 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomics, education, media_common, education.field_of_study, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Geography, accessibility to health centers, Rural area, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Aim: Availability of and accessibility to health services are critical factors to maintain the wellbeing of any society. This study aims to investigate the spatial patterns and accessibility levels of urban and rural residents to health centers—i.e., hospitals—in the case of Kermanshah Province located at the western part of Iran. Subject and methods: The study employs a spatial analysis technique as the methodological approach. Datasets were obtained from the latest population statistics—i.e., the 2011 Population and Housing Census—and public and private hospitals in the Kermanshah Province. Access levels to health centers were calculated in a geographical information system environment with network analysis capability. Results: The results revealed that: (a) spatial distribution of health centers in the Kermanshah Province follows a random pattern, (b) health centers are mainly concentrated in the Kermanshah Township, (c) there is a clear inequality in terms of access to health centers in the Kermanshah Province, (d) children, women, and the elderly residing in rural areas are found to be the most vulnerable groups. Conclusion: The bipolar status of the rural population’s access to healthcare compared with those residing in the Kermanshah Township clearly underlines an unequal structure of the health system in the Kermanshah Province. There is, hence, a need for effective interventions of policymakers and health managers in the province to eliminate this disparity usc Refereed/Peer-reviewed
Published: 2019

27. A study of the lower gastrointestinal tract cancer with emphasis on gender and age of the patients in western Iran (Kermanshah) over 2006-2011

Author: Soheyla Reshadat, Ashraf Karbasi, Arash Ziapour, Shahram Saeidi, Seyed Ramin Ghasemi, Alireza Zangeneh, and F Saeidi
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Lower Gastrointestinal Tract, Cancer, Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Western Iran, Kermanshah City, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Population, Cancer, medicine.disease, Age and gender, Environmental risk, Screening programs, Medicine, business, education, Demography
Abstract: Given that the incidence of cancers in the coming years will have a growing trend due to the increased average age of the world's population, the partial control of communicable diseases, and the rapid growth of the environmental risk factors. The present work was a descriptive, comparative and analytical study. The statistical population consisted of all patients residing in Kermanshah who had been suffering from the lower gastrointestinal tract cancer for five years. The results of the present study revealed that 46.10% were male, and 53.90% were female. Further, the results indicated that the age of patients and the intensity of cancer differentiation were significantly correlated.It seemed that the lack of early diagnosis would ensue from a lack of periodic screening programs at early ages and lack of forums in which specialists could get together due to the unavailability of comparative statistics.Keywords: Cancer, Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Western Iran, Kermanshah City
Published: 2017

28. Comparative Study of the Cultural Effective Factors on Women’s Total Fertility Rate in Fertile Age

Author: Ali Karbasi, Sohyla Reshadat, Alireza Zanganeh, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Shahram Saeidi, S. Ramin Ghasemi, and Raziyeh Teymouri
Subjects: business.industry, Total fertility rate, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Fertility, Structural equation modeling, 050902 family studies, 0502 economics and business, Population growth, Medicine, Marriage Age, 050207 economics, 0509 other social sciences, business, media_common, Demography
Abstract: Background Fertility is one of the important elements of population growth. Objectives The aim of this study was comparative surveying of the cultural effective factors on TFR (total fertility rate) in Kermanshah in 1996, 2006 and 2011. Materials and Methods In this quantitative study, data were prepared from Iran statistics center, health center and registration center. Structural equation models were used for modeling in AMOS software. Results Men’s average marriage age in 1996 and women schooling rate in 2006 and 2011, coefficients was equals 0.05, 0.08 and 0.19 respectively, have had the highest effects on fertility decrease. Conclusions In this study women schooling rate had the highest effect on fertility decrease.
Published: 2016

29. CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS AND NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS BY HYBRID METHOD

Author: Shahram Saeidi
Subjects: 47H09, 43A07, inverse-strongly monotone mapping, General Mathematics, amenable semigroup, projection, 74G15, 47J20, iteration, nonexpansive mapping, equilibrium problem, 47H10, 47H20
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce iterative schemes for finding a common element of the set of common fixed points for a left amenable semigroup of nonexpansive mappings, the set of solutions of the variational inequalities for a family of $\alpha$-inverse-strongly monotone mappings and the set of solutions of a system of equilibrium problems in a Hilbert space. We establish weak and strong convergence theorems for the sequences generated by our proposed schemes. Moreover, we present various applications to the additive semigroup of nonnegative real numbers and families of strictly pseudocontractive mappings.
Published: 2012

30. The Effect of Model Based Health Education on Performing Breast Self- Examination in Women

Author: Hossein Ashtarian, Shahram Saeidi, Alireza Zangeneh, and Mehdi Khezeli
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Family medicine, Breast Self-examination,Health Belief Model,Self-efficacy,Stages of Change Model, Medicine, Health education, business, Breast self-examination
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of integrated model based education on performing Breast Self-examination in women.Methods: This interventional study was conducted with the participation of 140 women in two intervention and control groups in 2016. Intervention program implemented based on Stages of Change and Health Belief Model HBM . The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results: Mean age of women was 32.86±6.1 years. The stages of change in the intervention group moved toward the active stages; from 28.6% to 56.1% p

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30 results on '"Shahram Saeidi"'

1. Examining the correlation between metrics in the Instagram social network to identify fake pages and improve marketing

2. The role of risk perception, risk communication, and demographic factors in COVID-19 preventive behaviors: an online survey in Iran

3. Lifestyle in People Living With HIV: A Study of Patients in Kermanshah, Iran

4. Spatial modeling of mortality from acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in 2000–2017: a global study

5. Investigating geographical accessibility and site suitability of medical laboratories in Kermanshah-Iran

6. Exploring the epidemiology of suicide attempts: Risk modeling in Kermanshah—Iran

7. Survey on the indexes of health equity in the physical environment and infrastructures of Kermanshah province, Iran

8. Quality of life of HIV-infected individuals: insights from a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran

9. Investigating Global Spatial Patterns of Diarrhea-Related Mortality in Children Under Five

10. Spatial patterns analysis and hotspots of HIV over 20 years using geographic information system. A case study of Kermanshah, West Iran

11. The Spatiality of COVID-19 in Kermanshah Metropolis, Iran

12. A study of 0-14-year-old children's access to health centers in rural areas using a buffer model (a case study of villages based in Kermanshah province, Iran)

13. Ergodic Retractions for Families of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings

14. A counterexample to the article 'On the fixed points of affine nonexpansive mappings'

15. Lifestyle in people living with HIV: a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran

16. Discovering the maximum k-clique on social networks using bat optimization algorithm

17. A new model for calculating the maximum trust in Online Social Networks and solving by Artificial Bee Colony algorithm

18. Investigation of Climatic, Health and Economic Factors Affecting on Mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

19. Investigation of some Factors Affecting Stunting and Wasting among the Under-Five Children in Eastern Mediterranean Region

20. Quality of life of HIV-infected individuals: insights from a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran

21. Spatial modeling of mortality from acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age in 2000-2017: a global study

22. A Study of the Application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Children Access to Pharmacies: A Case Study of Kermanshah, West of Iran

23. The Study of Children and Adolescents' Access to Hospitals and Emergency Centers in Kermanshah, West of Iran

24. A Study of Children's Geographic Access to Health Services (Health Care Centers and Clinical Laboratories) in Kermanshah City, Iran

25. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

26. Measures of spatial accessibility to health centers: investigating urban and rural disparities in Kermanshah, Iran

27. A study of the lower gastrointestinal tract cancer with emphasis on gender and age of the patients in western Iran (Kermanshah) over 2006-2011

28. Comparative Study of the Cultural Effective Factors on Women’s Total Fertility Rate in Fertile Age

29. CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS AND NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS BY HYBRID METHOD

30. The Effect of Model Based Health Education on Performing Breast Self- Examination in Women

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