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We compute the multiplicity of the irreducible representations in the decomposition of the tensor product of an arbitrary number $n$ of fundamental representations of $SU(N)$, and we identify a duality in the representation content of this decomposition. Our method utilizes the mapping of the representations of $SU(N)$ to the states of free fermions on the circle, and can be viewed as a random walk on a multidimensional lattice. We also derive the large-$n$ limit and the response of the system to an external non-abelian magnetic field. These results can be used to study the phase properties of non-abelian ferromagnets and to take various scaling limits., Some relevant references added; 24 pages, no figures

Integrable $\lambda$-deformed $\sigma$-models are characterized by an underlying current algebra/coset model CFT deformed, at the infinitesimal level, by current/parafermion bilinears. We promote the deformation parameters to dynamical functions of time introduced as an extra coordinate. It is conceivable that by appropriately constraining them, the beta-functions vanish and consequently the $\sigma$-model stays conformal. Remarkably, we explicitly materialize this scenario in several cases having a single and even multiple deformation parameters. These generically obey a system of non-linear second-order ordinary differential equations. They are solved by the fixed points of the RG flow of the original $\sigma$-model. Moreover, by appropriately choosing initial conditions we may even interpolate between the RG fixed points as the time varies from the far past to the far future.Finally, we present an extension of our analysis to the Yang--Baxter deformed PCMs., Comment: v1:1+37 pages, Latex, v2: SciPost version

We formulate $\lambda$-deformed $\sigma$-models as QFTs in the upper-half plane. For different boundary conditions we compute correlation functions of currents and primary operators, exactly in the deformation parameter $\lambda$ and for large values of the level $k$ of the underlying WZW model. To perform our computations we use either conformal perturbation theory in association with Cardy's doubling trick, as well as meromorphicity arguments and a non-perturbative symmetry in the parameter space $(\lambda,k)$, or standard QFT techniques based on the free field expansion of the $\sigma$-model action, with the free fields obeying appropriate boundary conditions. Both methods have their own advantages yielding consistent and rich, compared to those in the absence of a boundary, complementary results. We pay particular attention, albeit not exclusively, to integrability preserving boundary conditions., Comment: v1: 45 pages + 24 pages appendices, v2: NPB version

Kerr-Schild perturbations in General Relativity provide a fruitful way of constructing new exact solutions starting from known ones, elucidating also the structure of the spacetimes. We initiate such a study in the context of string theory and supergravity. Specifically, we explicitly construct Kerr-Schild perturbations of coset CFTs based on low dimensionality orthogonal groups. We show that these give rise to scale, but not Weyl, invariant integrable sigma-models. We explicitly demonstrate that these models can also be derived from a particular limiting procedure of lambda-deformed coset CFTs based on non-compact groups. The target space of the simplest sigma-model describes a two-dimensional scale invariant black hole for which we also provide two different embeddings to type-II supergravity. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

A novel class of integrable sigma-models interpolating between exact coset conformal field theories in the IR and hyperbolic spaces in the UV is constructed. We demonstrate the relation to the asymptotic limit of A lambda-deformed models for cosets of non-compact groups. An integrable model interpolating between two spacetimes with cosmological and black hole interpretations and exact conformal field theory descriptions is also provided. In the process of our work, a new zoom-in limit, distinct from the well known non-Abelian T-duality limit, is found. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

We continue our study of $\lambda$-deformed $\sigma$-models by setting up a $1/k$ perturbative expansion around the free field point for cosets, in particular for the $\lambda$-deformed $SU(2)/U(1)$ coset CFT. We construct an interacting field theory in which all deformation effects are manifestly encoded in the interaction vertices. Using this we reproduce the known $\beta$-function and the anomalous dimension of the composite operator perturbing away from the conformal point. We introduce the $\lambda$-dressed parafermions which have an essential Wilson-like phase in their expressions. Subsequently, we compute their anomalous dimension, as well as their four-point functions, as exact functions of the deformation and to leading order in the $k$ expansion. Correlation functions with an odd number of these parafermions vanish as in the conformal case., Comment: v1: 1+36 pages, Latex, v2: JHEP version

We elevate λ-deformed σ-models into full type-II supergravity backgrounds. We construct several solutions which contain undeformed AdSn spaces, with n=2,3,4 and 6, as an integrable part. In that respect, our examples are the first in the literature in this context and bring λ-deformations in contact with the AdS/CFT correspondence. The geometries are supported by appropriate dilaton and RR-fields. Most of the solutions admit non-Abelian T-dual limits.

We consider lambda-deformed current algebra CFTs at level k, interpolating between an exact CFT in the UV and a PCM in the IR. By employing gravitational techniques, we derive the two-loop, in the large k expansion, beta-function. We find that this is covariant under a remarkable exact symmetry involving the coupling lambda, the level k and the adjoint quadratic Casimir of the group. Using this symmetry and CFT techniques, we are able to compute the Zamolodchikov metric, the anomalous dimension of the bilinear operator and the Zamolodchikov C -function at two-loops in the large k expansion, as exact func- tions of the deformation parameter. Finally, we extend the above results to lambda-deformed parafermionic algebra coset CFTs which interpolate between exact coset CFTs in the UV and a symmetric coset space in the IR.

We study the notion of strong integrability for classically integrable lambda-deformed CFTs and coset CFTs. To achieve this goal we employ the Poisson brackets of the spatial Lax matrix which we prove that it assumes the Maillet r/s-matrix algebra. As a consequence the system in question are integrable in the strong sense. Furthermore, we show that the derived Maillet r/s-matrix algebras can be realized in terms of twist functions, at the poles of which we recover the underlying symmetry algebras. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

We explore the structure of the lambda-deformed sigma-model action by setting up a perturbative expansion around the free field point corresponding to the identity group element. We include all field interaction terms up to sixth order. We compute the two- and three-point functions of current and primary field operators, their anomalous dimensions as well as the beta-function for the lambda-parameter. Our results are in complete agreement with those obtained previously using gravitational and/or CFT perturbative methods in conjunction with the non-perturbative symmetry, as well as with those obtained using methods exploiting the geometry defined in the space of couplings. The advantage of this approach is that all deformation effects are already encoded in the couplings of the interaction vertices and in the lambda-dressed operators. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

We elevate $\lambda$-deformed $\sigma$-models into full type-II supergravity backgrounds. We construct several solutions which contain undeformed $AdS_n$ spaces, with $n=2,3,4$ and $6$, as an integrable part. In that respect, our examples are the first in the literature in this context and bring $\lambda$-deformations in contact with the AdS/CFT correspondence. The geometries are supported by appropriate dilaton and RR-fields. Most of the solutions admit non-Abelian T-dual limits., Comment: v1: 1+32 pages, v2: minor typos fixed in the formulas (3.22), (6.3), (A.6) and (A.11)

We study the notion of strong integrability for classically integrable $\lambda$-deformed CFTs and coset CFTs. To achieve this goal we employ the Poisson brackets of the spatial Lax matrix which we prove that it assumes the Maillet $r/s$-matrix algebra. As a consequence the system in question are integrable in the strong sense. Furthermore, we show that the derived Maillet $r/s$-matrix algebras can be realized in terms of twist functions, at the poles of which we recover the underlying symmetry algebras., Comment: v1:1+22 pages, Latex, v2: NPB version

We show that the CFT with symmetry group G(k)(1) x C-k(2) x ... x G(kn) consisting of WZW models based on the same group G, but at arbitrary integer levels, admits an integrable deformation depending on 2(n-1) continuous parameters. We derive the all-loop effective action of the deformed theory and prove integrability. We also calculate the exact in the deformation parameters RG flow equations which can be put in a particularly simple compact form. This allows a full determination and classification of the fixed points of the RG flow, in particular of those that are IR stable. The models under consideration provide concrete realizations of integrable flows between CFTs. We also consider non-Abelian T-duality type limits.

We study the renormalization group equations of the fully anisotropic $\lambda$-deformed CFTs involving the direct product of two current algebras at different levels $k_{1,2}$ for general semi-simple groups. The exact, in the deformation parameters, $\beta$-function is found via the effective action of the quantum fluctuations around a classical background as well as from gravitational techniques. Furthermore, agreement with known results for symmetric couplings and/or for equal levels, is demonstrated. We study in detail the two coupling case arising by splitting the group into a subgroup and the corresponding coset manifold which consistency requires to be either a symmetric-space one or a non-symmetric Einstein-space., Comment: v1: 1+19 pages, Latex; v2: NPB version; v3: Mild simplifications of the conventions in section 2.1.2

We construct a new class of integrable sigma- models based on current algebra theories for a general semisimple group G by utilizing a left-right asymmetric gauging. Their action can be thought of as the all-loop effective action of two independent WZW models for G both at level k, perturbed by current bilinears mixing the different WZW models. A non-perturbative symmetry in the couplings parametric space is revealed. We perform the Hamiltonian analysis of the action and demonstrate integrability in several cases. We extend our construction to deformations of G/H CFTs and show integrability when G/H is a symmetric space. Our method resembles that used for constructing the lambda-deformed integrable sigma-models, but the results are distinct and novel.

We compute the all-loop anomalous dimensions of current and primary field operators in deformed current algebra theories based on a general semi-simple group, but with different (large) levels for the left and right sectors. These theories, unlike their equal level counterparts, possess a new non-trivial fixed point in the IR. By computing the exact in $\lambda$ two- and three-point functions for these operators we deduce their OPEs and their equal-time commutators. Using these we argue on the nature of the CFT at the IR fixed point. The associated to the currents Poisson brackets are a two-parameter deformation of the canonical structure of the isotropic PCM., Comment: 1+27 pages, Latex, v2: Correcting a typo in Eqs. (3.1), (3.2), v3: Correcting a typo in Eq.(2.20)

We compute the 2- and 3-point functions of currents and primary fields of $\lambda$-deformed integrable $\sigma$-models characterized also by an integer $k$. Our results apply for any semisimple group $G$, for all values of the deformation parameter $\lambda$ and up to order $1/k$. We deduce the OPEs and equal-time commutators of all currents and primaries. We derive the currents' Poisson brackets which assume Rajeev's deformation of the canonical structure of the isotropic PCM, the underlying structure of the integrable $\lambda$-deformed $\sigma$-models. We also present analogous results in two limiting cases of special interest, namely for the non-Abelian T-dual of the PCM and for the pseudodual model., Comment: 30 pages plus appendices; v2: few minor changes, NPB version

We calculate the all-loop anomalous dimensions of current operators in $\lambda$-deformed $\sigma$-models. For the isotropic integrable deformation and for a semi-simple group $G$ we compute the anomalous dimensions using two different methods. In the first we use the all-loop effective action and in the second we employ perturbation theory along with the Callan-Symanzik equation and in conjunction with a duality-type symmetry shared by these models. Furthermore, using CFT techniques we compute the all-loop anomalous dimensions of bilinear currents for the isotropic deformation case and a general $G$. Finally we work out the cases of anisotropic $SU(2)$ and the two coupling, corresponding to the symmetric coset $G/H$ and a subgroup $H$, splitting of a group $G$., Comment: 1+26 pages, Latex; v2: minor corrections; v3: few minor changes, NPB version; v4: clarifications in section 2.1

We construct two-parameter families of integrable $\lambda$-deformations of two-dimensional field theories. These interpolate between a CFT (a WZW/gauged WZW model) and the non-Abelian T-dual of a principal chiral model on a group/symmetric coset space. In examples based on the $SU(2)$ WZW model and the $SU(2)/U(1)$ exact coset CFT, we show that these deformations are related to bi-Yang-Baxter generalisations of $\eta$-deformations via Poisson-Lie T-duality and analytic continuation. We illustrate the quantum behaviour of our models under RG flow. As a byproduct we demonstrate that the bi-Yang-Baxter $\sigma$-model for a general group is one-loop renormalisable., Comment: 33 pages, Latex, v2: 35 pages, Latex, clarifying comments, v3: few minor changes, NPB version

We examine integrable $\lambda$-deformations of $SO(n+1)/SO(n)$ coset CFTs and their analytic continuations. We provide an interpretation of the deformation as a squashing of the corresponding coset $\sigma$-model's target space. We realise the $\lambda$-deformation for $n=5$ case as a solution to supergravity supported by non-vanishing five-form and dilaton. This interpolates between the coset CFT $SO(4,2)/SO(4,1)\times SO(6)/SO(5)$ constructed as a gauged WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the $AdS_5\times S^5$ spacetime., Comment: 30 pages; v2 journal version with note added

We examine a recently proposed class of integrable deformations to two-dimensional conformal field theories. These {\lambda}-deformations interpolate between a WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of a Principal Chiral Model on a group G or, between a G/H gauged WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the geometric coset G/H. {\lambda}-deformations have been conjectured to represent quantum group q-deformations for the case where the deformation parameter is a root of unity. In this work we show how such deformations can be given an embedding as full string backgrounds whose target spaces satisfy the equations of type-II supergravity. One illustrative example is a deformation of the Sl(2,R)/U(1) black-hole CFT. A further example interpolates between the $\frac{SU(2)\times SU(2)}{SU(2)}\times\frac{SL(2,R)\times SL(2,R)}{SL(2,R)} \times U(1)^4$ gauged WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of $AdS_3\times S^3\times T^4$ supported with Ramond flux., Comment: 35 pages, 1 figure