33 results on '"Senanayake, R."'
Search Results
2. Micron size laser-wire system at the ATF extraction line, recent results and ATF-II upgrade
- Author
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Aryshev, A., Blair, G.A., Boogert, S.T., Boorman, G., Bosco, A., Corner, L., Deacon, L., Delerue, N., Foster, B., Gannaway, F., Hayano, H., Howell, D., Karataev, P., Nevay, L., Newman, M., Senanayake, R., Terunuma, N., Urakawa, J., and Walczak, R.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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3. 11C-methionine PET aids localization of microprolactinomas in patients with intolerance or resistance to dopamine agonist therapy.
- Author
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Bashari, W. A., van der Meulen, M., MacFarlane, J., Gillett, D., Senanayake, R., Serban, L., Powlson, A. S., Brooke, A. M., Scoffings, D. J., Jones, J., O'Donovan, D. G., Tysome, J., Santarius, T., Donnelly, N., Boros, I., Aigbirhio, F., Jefferies, S., Cheow, H. K., Mendichovszky, I. A., and Kolias, A. G.
- Abstract
Purpose: To assess the potential for
11 C-methionine PET (Met-PET) coregistered with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (Met-PET/MRCR ) to inform clinical decision making in patients with poorly visualized or occult microprolactinomas and dopamine agonist intolerance or resistance. Patients and methods: Thirteen patients with pituitary microprolactinomas, and who were intolerant (n = 11) or resistant (n = 2) to dopamine agonist therapy, were referred to our specialist pituitary centre for Met-PET/MRCR between 2016 and 2020. All patients had persistent hyperprolactinemia and were being considered for surgical intervention, but standard clinical MRI had shown either no visible adenoma or equivocal appearances. Results: In all 13 patients Met-PET/MRCR demonstrated a single focus of avid tracer uptake. This was localized either to the right or left side of the sella in 12 subjects. In one patient, who had previously undergone surgery for a left-sided adenoma, recurrent tumor was unexpectedly identified in the left cavernous sinus. Five patients underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy, with subsequent complete remission of hyperprolactinaemia and normalization of other pituitary function; three patients are awaiting surgery. In the patient with inoperable cavernous sinus disease PET-guided stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was performed with subsequent near-normalization of serum prolactin. Two patients elected for a further trial of medical therapy, while two declined surgery or radiotherapy and chose to remain off medical treatment. Conclusions: In patients with dopamine agonist intolerance or resistance, and indeterminate pituitary MRI, molecular (functional) imaging with Met-PET/MRCR can allow precise localization of a microprolactinoma to facilitate selective surgical adenomectomy or SRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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4. Kinematic Design and Analysis of a 7 Degree-of-Freedom Dual-Stage Inspection Manipulator for Dexterous Subsea Applications
- Author
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Asokan, T., Seet, G., Iastrebov, V., and Senanayake, R.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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5. The LHCb Detector at the LHC
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Alves, A, Andrade, L, Barbosa, A, Bediaga, I, Cernicchiaro, G, Guerrer, G, Lima, H, Machado, A, Magnin, J, Marujo, F, De Miranda, J, Reis, A, Santos, A, Toledo, A, Akiba, K, Amato, S, De Paula, B, De Paula, L, Da Silva, T, Gandelman, M, Lopes, J, Marechal, B, Moraes, D, Polycarpo, E, Rodrigues, F, Ballansat, J, Bastian, Y, Boget, D, De Bonis, I, Coco, V, David, P, Decamp, D, Delebecque, P, Drancourt, C, Dumont Dayot, N, Girard, C, Lieunard, B, Minard, M, Pietrzyk, B, Rambure, T, Rospabe, G, T'jampens, S, Ajaltouni, Z, Bohner, G, Bonnefoy, R, Borras, D, Carloganu, C, Chanal, H, Conte, E, Cornat, R, Crouau, M, Delage, E, Deschamps, O, Henrard, P, Jacquet, P, Lacan, C, Laubser, J, Lecoq, J, Lefvre, R, Magne, M, Martemiyanov, M, Mercier, M, Monteil, S, Niess, V, Perret, P, Reinmuth, G, Robert, A, Suchorski, S, Arnaud, K, Aslanides, E, Babel, J, Benchouk, C, Cachemiche, J, Cogan, J, Derue, F, Dinkespiler, B, Duval, P, Garonne, V, Favard, S, Le Gac, R, Leon, F, Leroy, O, Liotard, P, Marin, F, Menouni, M, Ollive, P, Poss, S, Roche, A, Sapunov, M, Tocco, L, Viaud, B, Tsaregorodtsev, A, Amhis, Y, Barrand, G, Barsuk, S, Beigbeder, C, Beneyton, R, Breton, D, Callot, O, Charlet, D, Ds'almagne, B, Duarte, O, Fulda Quenzer, F, Jacholkowska, A, Jean Marie, B, Lefrancois, J, Machefert, F, Robbe, P, Schune, M, Tocut, V, Videau, I, Benayoun, M, Del Buono, L, Gilles, G, Domke, M, Futterschneider, H, Ilgner, C, Kapusta, P, Kolander, M, Krause, R, Lieng, M, Nedos, M, Rudloff, K, Schleich, S, Schwierz, R, Spaan, B, Wacker, K, Warda, K, Agari, M, Bauer, C, Baumeister, D, Bulian, N, Fuchs, H, Fallot Burghardt, W, Glebe, T, Hofmann, W, Knopfle, K, Lochner, S, Ludwig, A, Maciuc, F, Nieto, F, Schmelling, M, Schwingenheuer, B, Sexauer, E, Smale, N, Trunk, U, Voss, H, Albrecht, J, Bachmann, S, Blouw, J, Deissenroth, M, Deppe, H, Dreis, H, Eisele, F, Haas, T, Hansmann Menzemer, S, Hennenberger, S, Knopf, J, Moch, M, Perieanu, A, Rabenecker, S, Rausch, A, Rummel, C, Rusnyak, R, Schiller, M, Stange, U, Uwer, U, Walter, M, Ziegler, R, Avoni, G, Balbi, G, Bonifazi, F, Bortolotti, D, Carbone, A, D'antone, I, Galli, D, Gregori, D, Lax, I, Marconi, U, Peco, G, Vagnoni, V, Valenti, G, Vecchi, S, Bonivento, W, Cardini, A, Cadeddu, S, Deleo, V, Deplano, C, Furcas, S, Lai, A, Oldeman, R, Raspino, D, Saitta, B, Serra, N, Baldini, W, Brusa, S, Chiozzi, S, Ramusino, A, Evangelisti, F, Franconieri, A, Germani, S, Gianoli, A, Guoming, L, Landi, L, Malaguti, R, Padoan, C, Pennini, C, Savrie, M, Squerzanti, S, Zhao, T, Zhu, M, Bizzeti, A, Graziani, G, Lenti, M, Lenzi, M, Maletta, F, Pennazzi, S, Passaleva, G, Veltri, M, Alfonsi, M, Anelli, M, Balla, A, Battisti, A, Bencivenni, G, Campana, P, Carletti, M, Ciambrone, P, Corradi, G, Dane, E, Divirgilio, A, Desimone, P, Felici, G, Forti, C, Gatta, M, Lanfranchi, G, Murtas, F, Pistilli, M, Lener, M, Rosellini, R, Santoni, M, Saputi, A, Sarti, A, Sciubba, A, Zossi, A, Ameri, M, Cuneo, S, Fontanelli, F, Gracco, V, Mini, G, Parodi, M, Petrolini, A, Sannino, M, Vinci, A, Alemi, M, Arnaboldi, C, Bellunato, T, Chignoli, F, De Lucia, A, Galotta, G, Mazza, R, Matteuzzi, C, Musy, M, Negri, P, Perego, D, Pessina, G, Auriemma, G, Bocci, V, Buccheri, A, Chiodi, G, Di Marco, S, Iacoangeli, F, Martellotti, G, Nobrega, R, Pelosi, A, Penso, G, Pinci, D, Rinaldi, W, Rossi, A, Santacesaria, R, Satriano, C, Carboni, G, Iannilli, M, Rodrigues, A, Messi, R, Paoluzzi, G, Sabatino, G, Santovetti, E, Satta, A, Amoraal, J, Van Apeldoorn, G, Arink, R, Van Bakel, N, Band, H, Bauer, T, Berkien, A, Van Beuzekom, M, Bos, E, Bron, C, Ceelie, L, Doets, M, Van Der Eijk, R, Fransen, J, De Groen, P, Gromov, V, Hierck, R, Homma, J, Hommels, B, Hoogland, W, Jans, E, Jansen, F, Jansen, L, Jaspers, M, Kaan, B, Koene, B, Koopstra, J, Kroes, F, Kraan, M, Langedijk, J, Merk, M, Mos, S, Munneke, B, Palacios, J, Papadclis, A, Pellegrino, A, Van Petten, O, Du Pree, T, Roeland, E, Ruckstuhl, W, Schimmel, A, Schuijlenburg, H, Sluijk, T, Spelt, J, Stolte, J, Terrier, H, Tuning, N, Van Lysebetten, A, Vankov, P, Verkooijen, J, Verlaat, B, Vink, W, De Vries, H, Wiggers, L, Smit, G, Zaitsev, N, Zupan, M, Zwart, A, Van Den Brand, J, Bulten, H, De Jong, M, Ketel, T, Klous, S, Kos, J, M'charek, B, Mul, F, Raven, G, Simioni, E, Cheng, J, Dai, G, Deng, Z, Gao, Y, Gong, G, Gong, H, He, J, Hou, L, Li, J, Qian, W, Shao, B, Xue, T, Yang, Z, Zeng, M, Muryn, B, Ciba, K, Oblakowska Mucha, A, Blocki, J, Galuszka, K, Hajduk, L, Michalowski, J, Natkaniec, Z, Polok, G, Stodulski, M, Witek, M, Brzozowski, K, Chlopik, A, Gawor, P, Guzik, Z, Nawrot, A, Srednicki, A, Syryczynski, K, Szczekowski, M, Anghel, D, Cimpean, A, Coca, C, Constantin, F, Cristian, P, Dumitru, D, Giolu, G, Kusko, C, Magureanu, C, Mihon, G, Orlandea, M, Pavel, C, Petrescu, R, Popescu, S, Preda, T, Rosca, A, Rusu, V, Stoica, R, Stoica, S, Tarta, P, Filippov, S, Gavrilov, Y, Golyshkin, L, Gushchin, E, Karavichev, O, Klubakov, V, Kravchuk, L, Kutuzov, V, Laptev, S, Popov, S, Aref'ev, A, Bobchenko, B, Dolgoshein, V, Egorychev, V, Golutvin, A, Gushchin, O, Konoplyannikov, A, Korolko, I, Kvaratskheliya, T, Machikhiliyan, I, Malyshev, S, Mayatskaya, E, Prokudin, M, Rusinov, D, Rusinov, V, Shatalov, P, Shchutska, L, Tarkovskiy, E, Tayduganov, A, Voronchev, K, Zhiryakova, O, Bobrov, A, Bondar, A, Eidelman, S, Kozlinsky, A, Shekhtman, L, Beloous, K, Dzhelyadin, R, Gelitsky, Y, Gouz, Y, Kachnov, K, Kobelev, A, Matveev, V, Novikov, V, Obraztsov, V, Ostankov, A, Romanovsky, V, Rykalin, V, Soldatov, A, Soldatov, M, Tchernov, E, Yushchenko, O, Bochin, B, Bondar, N, Fedorov, O, Golovtsov, V, Guets, S, Kashchuk, A, Lazarev, V, Maev, O, Neustroev, P, Sagidova, N, Spiridenkov, E, Volkov, S, Vorobyev, A, Vorobyov, A, Aguilo, E, Bota, S, Calvo, M, Comerma, A, Cano, X, Dieguez, A, Herms, A, Lopez, E, Luengo, S, Garra, J, Garrido, L, Gascon, D, De Valenzuela, A, Gonzalez, C, Graciani, R, Grauges, E, Calero, A, Picatoste, E, Riera, J, Rosello, M, Ruiz, H, Vilasis, X, Xirgu, X, Adeva, B, Vidal, X, Santos, D, Pereira, D, Pazos, J, Torreira, A, Gomez, C, Alvarez, A, Trigo, E, Casasus, M, Cobo, C, Perez, P, Saborido, J, Seco, M, Regueiro, P, Bartalini, P, Bay, A, Bettler, M, Blanc, F, Borel, J, Carron, B, Currat, C, Conti, G, Dormond, O, Ermoline, Y, Fauland, P, Fernandez, L, Frei, R, Gagliardi, G, Gueissaz, N, Haefeli, G, Hicheur, A, Jacoby, C, Jalocha, P, Jimenez Otcro, S, Hertig, J, Knecht, M, Legger, F, Locatelli, L, Moser, J, Needham, M, Nicolas, L, Perrin Giacomin, A, Perroud, J, Potterat, C, Ronga, F, Schneider, O, Schietinger, T, Steele, D, Studer, L, Tareb, M, Tran, M, Van Hunen, J, Vervink, K, Villa, S, Zwahlen, N, Bernet, R, Buchler, A, Gassner, J, Lehner, F, Sakhelashvili, T, Salzmann, C, Sievers, P, Steiner, S, Steinkamp, O, Straumann, U, Van Tilburg, J, Vollhardt, A, Volyanskyy, D, Ziegler, M, Dovbnya, A, Ranyuk, Y, Shapoval, I, Borisova, M, Lakovenko, V, Kyva, V, Kovalchuk, O, Okhrimenko, O, Pugatch, V, Pylypchenko, Y, Adinolfi, M, Brook, N, Head, R, Imong, J, Lessnoff, K, Metlica, F, Muir, A, Rademacker, J, Solomin, A, Szczypka, P, Barham, C, Buszello, C, Dickens, J, Gibson, V, Haines, S, Harrison, K, Jones, C, Katvars, S, Kerzel, U, Lazzeroni, C, Li, Y, Rogers, G, Storey, J, Skottowe, H, Wotton, S, Adye, T, Densham, C, Easo, S, Franek, B, Loveridge, P, Morrow, D, Morris, J, Nandakumar, R, Nardulli, J, Papanestis, A, Patrick, G, Ricciardi, S, Woodward, M, Zhang, Z, Chamonal, R, Clark, P, Clarke, P, Eisenhardt, S, Gilardi, N, Khan, A, Kim, Y, Lambert, R, Lawrence, J, Main, A, Mccarron, J, Mclean, C, Muheim, F, Osorio Oliveros, A, Playfer, S, Styles, N, Xie, Y, Bates, A, Carson, L, Marinho, F, Doherty, F, Eklund, L, Gersabeck, M, Haddad, L, Macgregor, A, Melone, J, Mcewan, F, Petrie, D, Paterson, S, Parkes, C, Pickford, A, Rakotomiaramanana, B, Rodrigues, E, Saavedra, A, Soler, F, Szumlak, T, Viret, S, Allebone, L, Awunor, O, Back, J, Barber, G, Barnes, C, Cameron, B, Clark, D, Clark, I, Dornan, P, Duane, A, Eames, C, Egede, U, Girone, M, Greenwood, S, Hallam, R, Hare, R, Howard, A, Jolly, S, Kasey, V, Khaleeq, M, Koppenburg, P, Miller, D, Plackett, R, Price, D, Reece, W, Savage, P, Savidge, T, Simmons, B, Vidal Sitjes, G, Websdale, D, Affolder, A, Anderson, J, Biagi, S, Bowcock, T, Carroll, J, Casse, G, Cooke, P, Donleavy, S, Dwyer, L, Hennessy, K, Huse, T, Hutchcroft, D, Jones, D, Lockwood, M, Mccubbin, M, Mcnulty, R, Muskett, D, Noor, A, Patel, G, Rinnert, K, Shears, T, Smith, N, Southern, G, Stavitski, I, Sutcliffe, P, Tobin, M, Traynor, S, Turner, P, Whitley, M, Wormald, M, Wright, V, Bibby, J, Brisbane, S, Brock, M, Charles, M, Ciolfi, C, Gligorov, V, Handford, T, Harnew, N, Harris, F, John, M, Jones, M, Libby, J, Martin, L, Mcarthur, I, Muresan, R, Newby, C, Ottewell, B, Powell, A, Rotolo, N, Senanayake, R, Somerville, L, Soroko, A, Spradlin, P, Sullivan, P, Stokes Rees, I, Topp Jorgensen, S, Xing, F, Wilkinson, G, Artuso, M, Belyaev, I, Blusk, S, Lefeuvre, G, Menaa, N, Menaa Sia, R, Mountain, R, Skwarnicki, T, Stone, S, Wang, J, Abadie, L, Aglieri Rinella, G, Albrecht, E, Andre, J, Anelli, G, Arnaud, N, Augustinus, A, Bal, F, Pazos, M, Barczyk, A, Bargiotti, M, Behrendt, O, Berni, S, Binko, P, Bobillier, V, Braem, A, Brarda, L, Buytaert, J, Camilleri, L, Cambpell, M, Castellani, G, Cataneo, F, Cattaneo, M, Chadaj, B, Charpentier, P, Cherukuwadal, S, Chesi, E, Christiansen, J, Chytracek, R, Clemencic, M, Closier, J, Collins, P, Colrain, P, Cooke, O, Corajod, B, Corti, G, D'ambrosio, C, Damodaranl, B, David, C, De Capua, S, Decreuse, G, Degaudenzi, H, Dijkstra, H, Droulez, J, Ramos, D, Dufey, J, Dumps, R, Eckstein, D, Ferro Luzzi, M, Fiedler, F, Filthaut, F, Flegel, W, Forty, R, Fournier, C, Frank, M, Frei, C, Gaidioz, B, Gaspar, C, Gayde, J, Gavillet, P, Go, A, Abril, G, Graulich, J, Giudici, P, Elias, A, Guglielmini, P, Gys, T, Hahn, F, Haider, S, Harvey, J, Hay, B, Morata, J, Alvarez, J, Van Herwijnen, E, Hilke, H, Von Holtey, G, Hulsbergen, W, Jacobsson, R, Jamet, O, Joram, C, Jost, B, Kanaya, N, Refolio, J, Koestner, S, Koratzinos, M, Kristic, R, Lacarrere, D, Lasseur, C, Lastovicka, T, Laub, M, Liko, D, Lippmann, C, Lindner, R, Losasso, M, Maier, A, Mair, K, Maley, P, Vila, P, Moine, G, Morant, J, Moritz, M, Moscicki, J, Muecke, M, Mueller, H, Nakada, T, Neufeld, N, Ocariz, J, Aranda, C, Parzefall, U, Patel, M, Pepe Altarelli, M, Piedigrossi, D, Pivk, M, Pokorski, W, Ponce, S, Ranjard, F, Riegler, W, Renaud, J, Roiser, S, Roy, L, Ruf, T, Ruffinoni, D, Saladino, S, Varela, A, Santinelli, R, Schmelling, S, Schmidt, B, Schneider, T, Schoning, A, Schopper, A, Seguinot, J, Snoeys, W, Smith, A, Somogyi, P, Stoical, R, Tejessy, W, Teubert, F, Thomas, E, Alarcon, J, Ullaland, O, Valassi, A, Vannerem, P, Veness, R, Wicht, P, Wiedner, D, Witzeling, W, Wright, A, Wyllie, K, Ypsilantis, T., CALVI, MARTA, Alves, A, Andrade, L, Barbosa, A, Bediaga, I, Cernicchiaro, G, Guerrer, G, Lima, H, Machado, A, Magnin, J, Marujo, F, De Miranda, J, Reis, A, Santos, A, Toledo, A, Akiba, K, Amato, S, De Paula, B, De Paula, L, Da Silva, T, Gandelman, M, Lopes, J, Marechal, B, Moraes, D, Polycarpo, E, Rodrigues, F, Ballansat, J, Bastian, Y, Boget, D, De Bonis, I, Coco, V, David, P, Decamp, D, Delebecque, P, Drancourt, C, Dumont Dayot, N, Girard, C, Lieunard, B, Minard, M, Pietrzyk, B, Rambure, T, Rospabe, G, T'Jampens, S, Ajaltouni, Z, Bohner, G, Bonnefoy, R, Borras, D, Carloganu, C, Chanal, H, Conte, E, Cornat, R, Crouau, M, Delage, E, Deschamps, O, Henrard, P, Jacquet, P, Lacan, C, Laubser, J, Lecoq, J, Lefvre, R, Magne, M, Martemiyanov, M, Mercier, M, Monteil, S, Niess, V, Perret, P, Reinmuth, G, Robert, A, Suchorski, S, Arnaud, K, Aslanides, E, Babel, J, Benchouk, C, Cachemiche, J, Cogan, J, Derue, F, Dinkespiler, B, Duval, P, Garonne, V, Favard, S, Le Gac, R, Leon, F, Leroy, O, Liotard, P, Marin, F, Menouni, M, Ollive, P, Poss, S, Roche, A, Sapunov, M, Tocco, L, Viaud, B, Tsaregorodtsev, A, Amhis, Y, Barrand, G, Barsuk, S, Beigbeder, C, Beneyton, R, Breton, D, Callot, O, Charlet, D, Ds'Almagne, B, Duarte, O, Fulda Quenzer, F, Jacholkowska, A, Jean Marie, B, Lefrancois, J, Machefert, F, Robbe, P, Schune, M, Tocut, V, Videau, I, Benayoun, M, Del Buono, L, Gilles, G, Domke, M, Futterschneider, H, Ilgner, C, Kapusta, P, Kolander, M, Krause, R, Lieng, M, Nedos, M, Rudloff, K, Schleich, S, Schwierz, R, Spaan, B, Wacker, K, Warda, K, Agari, M, Bauer, C, Baumeister, D, Bulian, N, Fuchs, H, Fallot Burghardt, W, Glebe, T, Hofmann, W, Knopfle, K, Lochner, S, Ludwig, A, Maciuc, F, Nieto, F, Schmelling, M, Schwingenheuer, B, Sexauer, E, Smale, N, Trunk, U, Voss, H, Albrecht, J, Bachmann, S, Blouw, J, Deissenroth, M, Deppe, H, Dreis, H, Eisele, F, Haas, T, Hansmann Menzemer, S, Hennenberger, S, Knopf, J, Moch, M, Perieanu, A, Rabenecker, S, Rausch, A, Rummel, C, Rusnyak, R, Schiller, M, Stange, U, Uwer, U, Walter, M, Ziegler, R, Avoni, G, Balbi, G, Bonifazi, F, Bortolotti, D, Carbone, A, D'Antone, I, Galli, D, Gregori, D, Lax, I, Marconi, U, Peco, G, Vagnoni, V, Valenti, G, Vecchi, S, Bonivento, W, Cardini, A, Cadeddu, S, Deleo, V, Deplano, C, Furcas, S, Lai, A, Oldeman, R, Raspino, D, Saitta, B, Serra, N, Baldini, W, Brusa, S, Chiozzi, S, Ramusino, A, Evangelisti, F, Franconieri, A, Germani, S, Gianoli, A, Guoming, L, Landi, L, Malaguti, R, Padoan, C, Pennini, C, Savrie, M, Squerzanti, S, Zhao, T, Zhu, M, Bizzeti, A, Graziani, G, Lenti, M, Lenzi, M, Maletta, F, Pennazzi, S, Passaleva, G, Veltri, M, Alfonsi, M, Anelli, M, Balla, A, Battisti, A, Bencivenni, G, Campana, P, Carletti, M, Ciambrone, P, Corradi, G, Dane, E, Divirgilio, A, Desimone, P, Felici, G, Forti, C, Gatta, M, Lanfranchi, G, Murtas, F, Pistilli, M, Lener, M, Rosellini, R, Santoni, M, Saputi, A, Sarti, A, Sciubba, A, Zossi, A, Ameri, M, Cuneo, S, Fontanelli, F, Gracco, V, Mini, G, Parodi, M, Petrolini, A, Sannino, M, Vinci, A, Alemi, M, Arnaboldi, C, Bellunato, T, Calvi, M, Chignoli, F, De Lucia, A, Galotta, G, Mazza, R, Matteuzzi, C, Musy, M, Negri, P, Perego, D, Pessina, G, Auriemma, G, Bocci, V, Buccheri, A, Chiodi, G, Di Marco, S, Iacoangeli, F, Martellotti, G, Nobrega, R, Pelosi, A, Penso, G, Pinci, D, Rinaldi, W, Rossi, A, Santacesaria, R, Satriano, C, Carboni, G, Iannilli, M, Rodrigues, A, Messi, R, Paoluzzi, G, Sabatino, G, Santovetti, E, Satta, A, Amoraal, J, Van Apeldoorn, G, Arink, R, Van Bakel, N, Band, H, Bauer, T, Berkien, A, Van Beuzekom, M, Bos, E, Bron, C, Ceelie, L, Doets, M, Van Der Eijk, R, Fransen, J, De Groen, P, Gromov, V, Hierck, R, Homma, J, Hommels, B, Hoogland, W, Jans, E, Jansen, F, Jansen, L, Jaspers, M, Kaan, B, Koene, B, Koopstra, J, Kroes, F, Kraan, M, Langedijk, J, Merk, M, Mos, S, Munneke, B, Palacios, J, Papadclis, A, Pellegrino, A, Van Petten, O, Du Pree, T, Roeland, E, Ruckstuhl, W, Schimmel, A, Schuijlenburg, H, Sluijk, T, Spelt, J, Stolte, J, Terrier, H, Tuning, N, Van Lysebetten, A, Vankov, P, Verkooijen, J, Verlaat, B, Vink, W, De Vries, H, Wiggers, L, Smit, G, Zaitsev, N, Zupan, M, Zwart, A, Van Den Brand, J, Bulten, H, De Jong, M, Ketel, T, Klous, S, Kos, J, M'Charek, B, Mul, F, Raven, G, Simioni, E, Cheng, J, Dai, G, Deng, Z, Gao, Y, Gong, G, Gong, H, He, J, Hou, L, Li, J, Qian, W, Shao, B, Xue, T, Yang, Z, Zeng, M, Muryn, B, Ciba, K, Oblakowska Mucha, A, Blocki, J, Galuszka, K, Hajduk, L, Michalowski, J, Natkaniec, Z, Polok, G, Stodulski, M, Witek, M, Brzozowski, K, Chlopik, A, Gawor, P, Guzik, Z, Nawrot, A, Srednicki, A, Syryczynski, K, Szczekowski, M, Anghel, D, Cimpean, A, Coca, C, Constantin, F, Cristian, P, Dumitru, D, Giolu, G, Kusko, C, Magureanu, C, Mihon, G, Orlandea, M, Pavel, C, Petrescu, R, Popescu, S, Preda, T, Rosca, A, Rusu, V, Stoica, R, Stoica, S, Tarta, P, Filippov, S, Gavrilov, Y, Golyshkin, L, Gushchin, E, Karavichev, O, Klubakov, V, Kravchuk, L, Kutuzov, V, Laptev, S, Popov, S, Aref'Ev, A, Bobchenko, B, Dolgoshein, V, Egorychev, V, Golutvin, A, Gushchin, O, Konoplyannikov, A, Korolko, I, Kvaratskheliya, T, Machikhiliyan, I, Malyshev, S, Mayatskaya, E, Prokudin, M, Rusinov, D, Rusinov, V, Shatalov, P, Shchutska, L, Tarkovskiy, E, Tayduganov, A, Voronchev, K, Zhiryakova, O, Bobrov, A, Bondar, A, Eidelman, S, Kozlinsky, A, Shekhtman, L, Beloous, K, Dzhelyadin, R, Gelitsky, Y, Gouz, Y, Kachnov, K, Kobelev, A, Matveev, V, Novikov, V, Obraztsov, V, Ostankov, A, Romanovsky, V, Rykalin, V, Soldatov, A, Soldatov, M, Tchernov, E, Yushchenko, O, Bochin, B, Bondar, N, Fedorov, O, Golovtsov, V, Guets, S, Kashchuk, A, Lazarev, V, Maev, O, Neustroev, P, Sagidova, N, Spiridenkov, E, Volkov, S, Vorobyev, A, Vorobyov, A, Aguilo, E, Bota, S, Calvo, M, Comerma, A, Cano, X, Dieguez, A, Herms, A, Lopez, E, Luengo, S, Garra, J, Garrido, L, Gascon, D, De Valenzuela, A, Gonzalez, C, Graciani, R, Grauges, E, Calero, A, Picatoste, E, Riera, J, Rosello, M, Ruiz, H, Vilasis, X, Xirgu, X, Adeva, B, Vidal, X, Santos, D, Pereira, D, Pazos, J, Torreira, A, Gomez, C, Alvarez, A, Trigo, E, Casasus, M, Cobo, C, Perez, P, Saborido, J, Seco, M, Regueiro, P, Bartalini, P, Bay, A, Bettler, M, Blanc, F, Borel, J, Carron, B, Currat, C, Conti, G, Dormond, O, Ermoline, Y, Fauland, P, Fernandez, L, Frei, R, Gagliardi, G, Gueissaz, N, Haefeli, G, Hicheur, A, Jacoby, C, Jalocha, P, Jimenez Otcro, S, Hertig, J, Knecht, M, Legger, F, Locatelli, L, Moser, J, Needham, M, Nicolas, L, Perrin Giacomin, A, Perroud, J, Potterat, C, Ronga, F, Schneider, O, Schietinger, T, Steele, D, Studer, L, Tareb, M, Tran, M, Van Hunen, J, Vervink, K, Villa, S, Zwahlen, N, Bernet, R, Buchler, A, Gassner, J, Lehner, F, Sakhelashvili, T, Salzmann, C, Sievers, P, Steiner, S, Steinkamp, O, Straumann, U, Van Tilburg, J, Vollhardt, A, Volyanskyy, D, Ziegler, M, Dovbnya, A, Ranyuk, Y, Shapoval, I, Borisova, M, Lakovenko, V, Kyva, V, Kovalchuk, O, Okhrimenko, O, Pugatch, V, Pylypchenko, Y, Adinolfi, M, Brook, N, Head, R, Imong, J, Lessnoff, K, Metlica, F, Muir, A, Rademacker, J, Solomin, A, Szczypka, P, Barham, C, Buszello, C, Dickens, J, Gibson, V, Haines, S, Harrison, K, Jones, C, Katvars, S, Kerzel, U, Lazzeroni, C, Li, Y, Rogers, G, Storey, J, Skottowe, H, Wotton, S, Adye, T, Densham, C, Easo, S, Franek, B, Loveridge, P, Morrow, D, Morris, J, Nandakumar, R, Nardulli, J, Papanestis, A, Patrick, G, Ricciardi, S, Woodward, M, Zhang, Z, Chamonal, R, Clark, P, Clarke, P, Eisenhardt, S, Gilardi, N, Khan, A, Kim, Y, Lambert, R, Lawrence, J, Main, A, Mccarron, J, Mclean, C, Muheim, F, Osorio Oliveros, A, Playfer, S, Styles, N, Xie, Y, Bates, A, Carson, L, Marinho, F, Doherty, F, Eklund, L, Gersabeck, M, Haddad, L, Macgregor, A, Melone, J, Mcewan, F, Petrie, D, Paterson, S, Parkes, C, Pickford, A, Rakotomiaramanana, B, Rodrigues, E, Saavedra, A, Soler, F, Szumlak, T, Viret, S, Allebone, L, Awunor, O, Back, J, Barber, G, Barnes, C, Cameron, B, Clark, D, Clark, I, Dornan, P, Duane, A, Eames, C, Egede, U, Girone, M, Greenwood, S, Hallam, R, Hare, R, Howard, A, Jolly, S, Kasey, V, Khaleeq, M, Koppenburg, P, Miller, D, Plackett, R, Price, D, Reece, W, Savage, P, Savidge, T, Simmons, B, Vidal Sitjes, G, Websdale, D, Affolder, A, Anderson, J, Biagi, S, Bowcock, T, Carroll, J, Casse, G, Cooke, P, Donleavy, S, Dwyer, L, Hennessy, K, Huse, T, Hutchcroft, D, Jones, D, Lockwood, M, Mccubbin, M, Mcnulty, R, Muskett, D, Noor, A, Patel, G, Rinnert, K, Shears, T, Smith, N, Southern, G, Stavitski, I, Sutcliffe, P, Tobin, M, Traynor, S, Turner, P, Whitley, M, Wormald, M, Wright, V, Bibby, J, Brisbane, S, Brock, M, Charles, M, Ciolfi, C, Gligorov, V, Handford, T, Harnew, N, Harris, F, John, M, Jones, M, Libby, J, Martin, L, Mcarthur, I, Muresan, R, Newby, C, Ottewell, B, Powell, A, Rotolo, N, Senanayake, R, Somerville, L, Soroko, A, Spradlin, P, Sullivan, P, Stokes Rees, I, Topp Jorgensen, S, Xing, F, Wilkinson, G, Artuso, M, Belyaev, I, Blusk, S, Lefeuvre, G, Menaa, N, Menaa Sia, R, Mountain, R, Skwarnicki, T, Stone, S, Wang, J, Abadie, L, Aglieri Rinella, G, Albrecht, E, Andre, J, Anelli, G, Arnaud, N, Augustinus, A, Bal, F, Pazos, M, Barczyk, A, Bargiotti, M, Behrendt, O, Berni, S, Binko, P, Bobillier, V, Braem, A, Brarda, L, Buytaert, J, Camilleri, L, Cambpell, M, Castellani, G, Cataneo, F, Cattaneo, M, Chadaj, B, Charpentier, P, Cherukuwadal, S, Chesi, E, Christiansen, J, Chytracek, R, Clemencic, M, Closier, J, Collins, P, Colrain, P, Cooke, O, Corajod, B, Corti, G, D'Ambrosio, C, Damodaranl, B, David, C, De Capua, S, Decreuse, G, Degaudenzi, H, Dijkstra, H, Droulez, J, Ramos, D, Dufey, J, Dumps, R, Eckstein, D, Ferro Luzzi, M, Fiedler, F, Filthaut, F, Flegel, W, Forty, R, Fournier, C, Frank, M, Frei, C, Gaidioz, B, Gaspar, C, Gayde, J, Gavillet, P, Go, A, Abril, G, Graulich, J, Giudici, P, Elias, A, Guglielmini, P, Gys, T, Hahn, F, Haider, S, Harvey, J, Hay, B, Morata, J, Alvarez, J, Van Herwijnen, E, Hilke, H, Von Holtey, G, Hulsbergen, W, Jacobsson, R, Jamet, O, Joram, C, Jost, B, Kanaya, N, Refolio, J, Koestner, S, Koratzinos, M, Kristic, R, Lacarrere, D, Lasseur, C, Lastovicka, T, Laub, M, Liko, D, Lippmann, C, Lindner, R, Losasso, M, Maier, A, Mair, K, Maley, P, Vila, P, Moine, G, Morant, J, Moritz, M, Moscicki, J, Muecke, M, Mueller, H, Nakada, T, Neufeld, N, Ocariz, J, Aranda, C, Parzefall, U, Patel, M, Pepe Altarelli, M, Piedigrossi, D, Pivk, M, Pokorski, W, Ponce, S, Ranjard, F, Riegler, W, Renaud, J, Roiser, S, Roy, L, Ruf, T, Ruffinoni, D, Saladino, S, Varela, A, Santinelli, R, Schmelling, S, Schmidt, B, Schneider, T, Schoning, A, Schopper, A, Seguinot, J, Snoeys, W, Smith, A, Somogyi, P, Stoical, R, Tejessy, W, Teubert, F, Thomas, E, Alarcon, J, Ullaland, O, Valassi, A, Vannerem, P, Veness, R, Wicht, P, Wiedner, D, Witzeling, W, Wright, A, Wyllie, K, Ypsilantis, T, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), LHCb, Theoretical Physics, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica - Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, and Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular - Institut d'Instrumentació per a Imatge Molecular
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visible and IR photons ,PROTOTYPE ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Hadron ,Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ,Particle tracking detectors ,Gaseous detectors ,Calorimeters ,Cherenkov detectors ,Particle identification methods ,Photon detectors for UV ,Detector alignment and calibration methods ,Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization ,Detector design and construction technologies and materials ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics ,GEM ,Large Hadron Collider ,Detector ,CP violation ,MWPCS ,Particle physics ,calorimeters ,cherenkov detectors ,detector alignment and calibration methods ,detector cooling and thermo-stabilization ,detector design and construction technologies and materials ,gaseous detectors ,large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ,particle identification methods ,particle tracking detectors ,photon detectors for uv ,visible and ir photons ,NO ,Nuclear physics ,TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICA ,Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,SILICON ,010306 general physics ,READ-OUT ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Particle Physics Detector ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,AEROGEL ,PERFORMANCE ,Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Particle tracking detectors, Gaseous detectors, Calorimeters, Cherenkov detectors, Particle identification methods, Photon detectors for UV ,visible and IR photons, Detector alignment and calibration methods, Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization, Detector design and construction technologies and materials ,Test beam ,OPERATION ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,MUON CHAMBERS ,SYSTEM - Abstract
Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle tracking detectors; Gaseous detectors; Calorimeters; Cherenkov detectors; Particle identification methods; Photon detectors for UV. visible and IR photons; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials. The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected performance of the detector and associated systems. as established by test beam measurements and simulation studies. is described. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.
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- 2008
6. LHCb RICH1 Engineering Design Review Report
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Brook, N, Head, R, Metlica, F, Muir, A, Phillips, A, Buckley, A, Gibson, V, Harrison, K, Jones, C R, Katvars, S G, Lazzeroni, C, Storey, J, Ward, CP, Wotton, S, Alemi, M, Arnabaldi, C, Bellunato, T F, Calvi, M, Matteuzzi, C, Musy, M, Negri, P, Perego, D L, Pessina, G, Chamonal, R, Eisenhardt, S, Lawrence, J, McCarron, J, Muheim, F, Playfer, S, Walker, A, Cuneo, S, Fontanelli, F, Gracco, Valerio, Mini, G, Musico, P, Petrolini, A, Sannino, M, Bates, A, MacGregor, A, O'Shea, V, Parkes, C, Paterson, S, Petrie, D, Pickford, A, Rahman, M, Soler, F, Allebone, L, Barber, J H, Cameron, W, Clark, D, Dornan, Peter John, Duane, A, Egede, U, Hallam, R, Howard, A, Plackett, R, Price, D, Savidge, T, Vidal-Sitjes, G, Websdale, D M, Adinolfi, M, Bibby, J H, Cioffi, C, Gligorov, Vladimir V, Harnew, N, Harris, F, McArthur, I A, Newby, C, Ottewell, B, Rademacker, J, Senanayake, R, Somerville, L P, Soroko, A, Smale, N J, Topp-Jørgensen, S, Wilkinson, G, Yang, S, Benayoun, M, Khmelnikov, V A, Obraztsov, V F, Densham, C J, Easo, S, Franek, B, Kuznetsov, G, Loveridge, P W, Morrow, D, Morris, JV, Papanestis, A, Patrick, G N, Woodward, M L, Aglieri-Rinella, G, Albrecht, A, Braem, André, Campbell, M, D'Ambrosio, C, Forty, R W, Frei, C, Gys, Thierry, Jamet, O, Kanaya, N, Losasso, M, Moritz, M, Patel, M, Piedigrossi, D, Snoeys, W, Ullaland, O, Van Lysebetten, A, and Wyllie, K
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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques - Abstract
This document describes the concepts of the engineering design to be adopted for the upstream Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector (RICH1) of the reoptimized LHCb detector. Our aim is to ensure that coherent solutions for the engineering design and integration for all components of RICH1 are available, before proceeding with the detailed design of these components.
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- 2005
7. LHCb Computing Technical Design Report
- Author
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Antunes-Nobrega, R, França-Barbosa, A, Bediaga, I, Cernicchiaro, G, Correade-Oliveira, E, Magnin, J, Manhaes de Andrade-Filho, L, Marques de Miranda, J, Pessoa Lima Junior, H, Reis, A, Akiba, K, Amato, S, Da Silva, T, De Mello-Neto, J R T, De Paula, B, De Paula, L, Gandelman, M, Lopes, J H, Maréchal, B, Marinho, F, Massafferri, A, Polycarpo, E, Boget, D, Bret, A, Delebecque, P, De Bonis, I, Décamp, D, Drancourt, C, Dumont-Dayot, N, Girard, C, Lieunard, B, Minard, M N, Moreau, S, Pietrzyk, B, Rambure, T, Terrier, H, Ajaltouni, Ziad J, Böhner, G, Borras, D, Cârloganu, C, Conte, E, Cornat, R, Delage, E, Deschamps, O, Henrard, P, Lecoq, J, Magne, M, Monteil, S, Perret, P, Reinmuth, G, Rimbault, C, Robert, A, Aslanides, E, Babel, J, Benchouk, C, Cachemiche, J P, Cogan, J, Dinkespiler, B, Duval, P Y, Le Gac, R, Lunesu, D, Garonne, V, Leroy, O, Liotard, P L, Marin, F, Tsaregorodtsev, A Yu, Barrand, G, Beigbeder-Beau, C, Beneyton, R, Breton, D, Callot, O, Charlet, D, D'Almagne, B, Delcourt, B, Duarte, O, Fulda-Quenzer, F, Jean-Marie, B, Lefrançois, J, Machefert, F, Robbe, P, Schune, M H, Tocut, V, Videau, I, Benayoun, M, Del Buono, L, David, P, Gilles, G, Nedos, M, Spaan, B, Agari, M, Bauer, C, Blouw, J, Fuchs, H P, Hofmann, W, Knöpfle, K T, Löchner, S, Müller, A S, Schmelling, M, Schwingenheuer, B, Smale, N J, Bachmann, S, Eisele, F, Haas, T, Henneberger, S, Igo-Kemenes, P, Kisel, I, Lindenstruth, V, Stange, U, Trunk, U, Wiedner, D, Uwer, U, Alfonsi, M, Bencivenni, G, Bloise, C, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Ciambrone, P, De Simone, P, Felici, G, Forti, C, Lanfranchi, G, Murtas, F, Patera, V, Poli-Lener, M, Saputi, A, Sarti, A, Sciubba, A, Avoni, G, Balbi, G, Bargiotti, M, Bertin, A, Bortolotti, D, Bruschi, M, Carbone, A, De Castro, S, Faccioli, P, Fabbri, L, Galli, D, Giacobbe, B, Gregori, D, Grimaldi, F, Lax, I, Marconi, U, Massa, I, Peco, G, Piccinini, M, Semprini-Cesari, N, Spighi, R, Vagnoni, V, Vecchi, S, Villa, M, Vitale, A, Zoccoli, A, Bonivento, W, Cadeddu, S, Cardini, A, De Leo, V, Deplano, C, Lai, A, Raspino, D, Saitta, B, Baldini, W, Carassiti, V, Cotta-Ramusino, A, Dalpiaz, P, Germani, S, Gianoli, A, Martini, M, Petrucci, F, Savrié, M, Bizzeti, A, Graciani, G, Lenti, M, Lenzi, M, Passaleva, G, Pelfer, P G, Veltri, M, Cuneo, S, Fontanelli, F, Gracco, V, Mini, G, Musico, P, Petrolini, A, Sannino, M, Alemi, M, Arnaboldi, C, Bellunato, T F, Calvi, M, Garibaldi, F, Matteuzzi, C, Musy, M, Negri, P, Panzeri, E, Perego, D L, Pessina, G, Pukhaeva, N, Trentadue, L G, Auriemma, G, Bocci, V, Bosio, C, Dane, E, Fidanza, D, Frenkel, A, Iacoangeli, F, Martellotti, G, Penso, G, Petrarca, S, Pinci, D, Rinaldi, W, Santacesaria, R, Satriano, C, Satta, A, Carboni, G, De Capua, S, Messi, R, Santovetti, E, van Apeldoorn, G, Arink, R, Van Bakel, N, Bauer, T S, Van Beuzekom, M G, Van den Brand, J F J, Bos, E, Bulten, H J, Doets, M, Groenstege, H, Gromov, V, Hierck, R, Hommels, L, Jans, E, Ketel, T, Klous, S, Kraan, M J, Merk, M, Mul, F, Nardulli, J, Pellegrino, A, Raven, G, Rodrigues-Figueiredo, E M, Schuijlenburg, H, Sluijk, T, Tuning, N, Vankov, P, Verlaat, B, Van Tilburg, J, De Vries, H, Wiggers, L, Ybeles-Smit, G V, Zupan, M, Bisset, M, Cheng, J P, Cui, Y G, Dai, Y, Gao, Y, He, H J, Huang, C, Jiang, C, Kuang, Y P, Li, Q, Li, Y J, Liao, Y, Ni, J P, Shao Bei Bei, Su, J J, Tian, Y R, Wang, Q, Yan, Q S, Ciba, K, Hajduk, L, Kowal, A, Kucharczyk, M, Michalowski, J, Muryn, B, Oblakowska-Mucha, A, Polok, G, Witek, M, Adamus, M, Chlopik, A, Guzik, Z, Nawrot, A, Syryczynski, K, Szczekowski, M, Coca, C, Orlandea, M, Nicorescu, C, Stoica, S, Tarta, P D, Filippov, S, Gavrilov, J, Guschin, E, Kloubov, V, Kravchuk, L, Kutuzov, V, Laptev, S, Laptev, V, Marin, V, Rybkine, G, Sadovskii, A, Semeniouk, I N, Strigin, V, Alekseev, I, Arefev, A, Barsuk, S, Belyaev, I, Bobchenko, B M, Charkov, G, Dolgoshein, V, Golutvin, A, Gouchtchine, O, Kiritchenko, V, Kochetkov, V, Korolko, I, Kvaratskheliia, T, Machikhiliyan, I, Malyshev, S, Martemyanov, M, Mayatskaya, E, Melnikov, E A, Morozov, A, Pakhlov, P, Pakhlova, G, Petriaev, A, Pozolov, P, Prokudin, M, Roussinov, D, Rusinov, V, Semenov, S, Shuvalov, S, Soldatov, A, Svirida, D, Tarkovski, E, Voronchev, K, Zaitsev, V, Zhiryakova, O, Barnyakov, M, Beloborodov, K I, Berdiouguine, A, Bondar, A, Bozhenok, A, Buzulutskov, A F, Eidelman, S, Golubev, V, Krokovnyi, P P, Kuzmin, A, Oreshkin, S B, Poluektov, A, Serednyakov, S I, Shekhtman, L I, Shwartz, B, Silagadze, Z K, Vasilev, A, Ajnenko, I V, Belous, K S, Dzhelyadin, R I, Guz, Yu P, Kachnov, K, Katchaev, I, Khmelnikov, V A, Kisselev, V S, Kobelev, A, Konoplyannikov, A K, Likhoded, A K, Martchikine, N, Matveev, V D, Novikov, V, Obraztsov, V F, Ostankov, A P, Polyakov, V, Romanovski, V, Rykalin, V I, Shapkin, M M, Sokolov, A, Soldatov, M M, Talanov, V V, Yushchenko, O P, Alkhazov, G, Andreev, V, Botchine, B, Ganja, V, Goloubev, V, Guetz, S, Kashchuk, A, Lazarev, V, Maev, E, Maev, O, Petrov, G, Saguidova, N, Sementchouk, G, Smirnov, I, Souvorov, V, Spiridenkov, E, Vorobyov, A, Vorobyov, A A, Voropaev, N, Aguiló, E, Ballabriga-Sune, Rafael, Calvo, M, Comerma-Montells, A, Ferragut, S, Garrido, L, Gascón, D, Gonzales-Bano, C, Graciani-Díaz, R, Graugès-Pous, E, Luengo, S, Peralta, D, Roselló, M, Vilasís, X, Xirgu Aleixandre, J, Adeva, B, Esperante-Pereira, D, Lois-Gómez, C, Pazos, A, Pló, M, Saborido, J J, Sánchez-García, M, Vázquez-Regueiro, P, Bay, A, Borel, J, Carron, B, Fauland, P, Fernández, L, Frei, R, Haefeli, G, Hertig, J P, Van Hunen, J J, Jacoby, C, Jalocha, P, Jiménez-Otero, S, Legger, F, Locatelli, L, Perrin, A, Schietinger, T, Schneider, O, Tran, M T, Vervink, K, Villa, S, Voss, H, Zwahlen, N, Bernet, R, Bernhard, R P, Gassner, J, Köstner, S, Lehner, F, Needham, M, Steinkamp, O, Straumann, U, Vollhardt, A, Volyanskyy, D, Wenger, A, Ziegler, M, Dovbnya, A, Ranyuk, Y, Shapoval, I, Aushev, V, Filipchenko, Y, Kiva, V, Pavlenko, Yu, Pugatch, V, Brook, N H, Head, R D, Jia, Q, Metlica, F, Muir, A, Phillips, A, Szczypka, P, Wilson, F F, Buckley, A, Dickens, J, George, K, Gibson, V, Harrison, K, Jones, C R, Katvars, S G, Lazzeroni, C, Storey, J, Ward, C P, Wotton, S A, Densham, C J, Easo, S, Franek, B, Halsall, R N J, Kuznetsov, G, Loveridge, P W, Morrow, D, Morris, J V, Papanestis, A, Patrick, G N, Woodward, M L, Zhang, Z, Chamonal, R, Clark, P J, Earl, A, Eisenhardt, S, Gilarsi, N, Lawrence, J, McCarron, J, Muheim, F, Playfer, S, Smith, A, Thorn, S, Walker, A, Xie, Y, Flavell, A J, Bates, R, MacGregor, A, O'Shea, V, Parkes, C, Paterson, S, Petrie, D, Pickford, A, Saavedra, A, Soler, F J P, Szumlak, T, Viret, S, Biagi, S, Bowcock, T, Casse, G, Gamet, R, George, M, Hutchcroft, D E, Patel, G, Shears, T G, Stavitski, I, Tobin, M, Washbrook, A J, Allebone, L, Barber, G J, Blake, T, Cameron, W, Clark, D, Dornan, Peter John, Egede, U, Hallam, R, Howard, A, Jolly, S, Plackett, R, Price, D R, Savidge, T, Vidal-Sitjes, G, Websdale, D M, Adinolfi, M, Bibby, J H, Cioffi, C, Gligorov, V, Harnew, N, Harris, F, McArthur, I A, Muresan, R, Newby, C, Powell, A, Rademacker, J, Senanayake, R, Somerville, L P, Soroko, A, Stokes-Rees, I, Sullivan, P, Topp-Jørgensen, S, Wilkinson, G, Abadie, L, Aglieri-Rinella, G, Anelli, G, Bal, F, Barczyk, A, Batista-Lopes, J C, Bird, I, Bobillier, V, Braem, André, Brarda, L, Buytaert, J, Camilleri, L L, Campbell, M, Cattaneo, M, Charpentier, P, Christiansen, J, Clemencic, M, Closier, J, Collins, P, Corti, G, D'Ambrosio, C, Degaudenzi, H M, Dijkstra, H, Domenech-Saavedra, M, Dufey, J P, Eckstein, D, Eklund, L, Ferro-Luzzi, M, Flegel, W, Formenti, F, Forty, R W, Frank, M, Frei, C, Gaidioz, B, Gaspar, C, Gavillet, P, Gouldwell-Bates, A, Graulich, J S, Guirao-Elias, A, Gys, Thierry, Harvey, J, Hernando-Morata, J A, Van Herwijnen, Eric, Hilke, H J, Jacobsson, R, Joram, C, Jost, B, Kanaya, N, Koppenburg, P, Lacarrère, D, Lammana, M, Lastoviicka, T, Lindner, R, Losasso, M, Van Lysebetten, A, Maier, A, Mato-Vila, P, Moritz, M, Moscicki, J, Mücke, M, Nakada, T, Neufeld, N, Nogueira-Fernandes, R, Palacios, J, Patel, M, Pivk, M, Pokorski, Witold, Ponce, S, Ranjard, F, Roiser, S, Ruf, T, Ruffinoni, D, Ruiz-Pérez, H, Schmidt, B, Schneider, T, Schopper, A, Teubert, F, Ullaland, O, Vannerem, P, Witzeling, W, Wyllie, K, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LHCb, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Pellet, Jeanine
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[PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques - Published
- 2005
8. CoRaL--Policy Language and Reasoning Techniques for Spectrum Policies.
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Elenius, D., Denker, G., Stehr, M.-O., Senanayake, R., Talcott, C., and Wilkins, D.
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- 2007
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9. A Policy Engine for Spectrum Sharing.
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Denker, G., Elenius, D., Senanayake, R., Stehr, M.-O., and Wilkins, D.
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- 2007
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10. Policy-Based Cognitive Radios.
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Wilkins, D., Denker, G., Stehr, M-O., Elenius, D., Senanayake, R., and Talcott, C.
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We present a new language for expressing policies that allow opportunistic spectrum access while not causing interference. CoRaL has expressive constructs for numerical constraints, supports efficient reasoning, and will be verifiable. The language is extensible so that unanticipated policy types can be encoded. We also describe a policy reasoner that reasons about CoRaL policies, and show how this reasoner can be used with various cognitive radios (in this case, an XG radio) to guarantee policy-specified behaviors while allowing spectrum sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2007
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11. The Cold Mass Support System and the Helium Cooling System for the MICE Focusing Solenoid.
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Yang, S. Q., Green, M. A., Lau, W. W., Senanayake, R. S., Strauss, B., and Witte, H.
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SUPERCONDUCTING magnets ,SOLENOIDS ,MUONS ,SUPERCONDUCTORS ,IONIZATION (Atomic physics) ,MAGNETISM ,WIGGLER magnets ,ELECTRON beams ,MAGNETIC fields - Abstract
The heart of the absorber focus coil (AFC) module for the muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) is the two-coil superconducting solenoid that surrounds the muon absorber. The superconducting magnet focuses the muons that are cooled using ionization cooling, in order to improve the efficiency of cooling. The coils of the magnet may either be run in the solenoid mode (both coils operate at the same polarity) or the gradient (the coils operate at opposite polarity). The AFC magnet cold mass support system is designed to carry a longitudinal force up to 700 kN. The AFC module will be cooled using three pulse tube coolers that produce 1.5 W of cooling at 4.2 K. One of the coolers will be used to cool the liquid (hydrogen or helium) absorber used for ionization cooling. The other two coolers will cool the superconducting solenoid. This report will describe the MICE AFC magnet. The cold mass supports will be discussed. The reasons for using a pulsed tube cooler to cool this superconducting magnet will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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12. The Mechanical and Thermal Design for the MICE Focusing Solenoid Magnet System.
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Yang, S. O., Green, M. A., Barr, G., Bravar, U., Cobb, J., Lau, W., Senanayake, R. S., White, A. E., and Witte, H.
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MAGNETS ,MAGNETICS ,MAGNETISM ,COOLING ,SOLENOIDS ,TEMPERATURE - Abstract
The focusing solenoids for MICE surround energy absorbers that are used to reduce the transverse momentum of the muon beam that is being cooled within MICE. The focusing solenoids will have a warm-bore diameter of 470 mm. Within this bore is a flask of liquid hydrogen or a room temperature beryllium absorber. The focusing solenoid consists of two coils wound with a copper matrix Nb-Ti conductor originally designed for MRI magnets. The two coils have separate leads, so that they may be operated at the same polarity or at opposite polarity. The focusing magnet is designed so that it can be cooled with a pair of 1.5 W (at 4.2 K) coolers. The MICE cooling channel has three focusing magnets with their absorbers. The three focusing magnets will be hooked together in series for a circuit stored-energy of about 9.0 MJ. Quench protection for the focusing magnets is discussed. This report presents the mechanical and thermal design parameters for this magnet, including the results of finite element calculations of mechanical forces and heat flow in the magnet cold mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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13. ATF extraction line laser-wire system.
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Deacon, L., Boogert, S.T., Blair, G.A., Boorman, G., Bosco, A., Karataev, P., Corner, L., Delerue, N., Foster, B., Gannaway, F., Howell, D., Newman, M., Reichold, A., Senanayake, R., Walczak, R., Aryshev, A., Hayano, H., Kubo, K., Terunuma, N., and Urakawa, J.
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- 2007
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14. Mixture Detectors for Improved Spectrum Sensing
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Rajitha Senanayake, Pawel A. Dmochowski, Andrea Giorgetti, Peter J. Smith, Jamie Evans, Senanayake R., Smith P.J., Dmochowski P.A., Giorgetti A., and Evans J.S.
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Noise power ,Computer science ,Energy detector ,sphericity test ,Applied Mathematics ,Detector ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,noise power estimation ,Computer Science Applications ,mixture detector ,Cognitive radio ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,False alarm ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Algorithm ,Random variable ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
The energy detector and the sphericity test are two widely used spectrum sensing techniques that utilize different properties of the signal received at the secondary user terminal. In this paper we use meta analysis to combine these two techniques and derive two novel mixture detectors that outperform both techniques. Since the spectrum sensing capability of the energy detector is limited by the uncertain knowledge of the noise power, first, we analyze the performance of the energy detector with estimated noise power. We derive analytical expressions for the false alarm and the detection probabilities when the secondary user terminal is equipped with multiple antennas. Next, we apply meta analysis to combine the outputs of the energy detector and the sphericity test to derive two mixture detectors, namely, Fisher’s method and the weighted $z$ -transform method. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to consider cooperative spectrum sensing where multiple secondary user terminals cooperatively detect the presence of primary users. Based on the mixture detectors, we propose two new cooperative spectrum sensing techniques and derive simple analytical expressions for false alarm probabilities. Extensive numerical examples are used to illustrate the accuracy of our analysis and to highlight the performance gains obtained by the mixture detectors.
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- 2020
15. A Machine Learning Model for Week-Ahead Hypoglycemia Prediction From Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data.
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Giammarino F, Senanayake R, Prahalad P, Maahs DM, and Scheinker D
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Background: Remote patient monitoring (RPM) programs augment type 1 diabetes (T1D) care based on retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data. Few methods are available to estimate the likelihood of a patient experiencing clinically significant hypoglycemia within one week., Methods: We developed a machine learning model to estimate the probability that a patient will experience a clinically significant hypoglycemic event, defined as CGM readings below 54 mg/dL for at least 15 consecutive minutes, within one week. The model takes as input the patient's CGM time series over a given week, and outputs the predicted probability of a clinically significant hypoglycemic event the following week. We used 10-fold cross-validation and external validation (testing on cohorts different from the training cohort) to evaluate performance. We used CGM data from three different cohorts of patients with T1D: REPLACE-BG (226 patients), Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF; 355 patients) and Tidepool (120 patients)., Results: In 10-fold cross-validation, the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) was 0.77 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.0233) on the REPLACE-BG cohort, 0.74 (SD: 0.0188) on the JDRF cohort, and 0.76 (SD: 0.02) on the Tidepool cohort. In external validation, the average ROC-AUC across the three cohorts was 0.74 (SD: 0.0262)., Conclusions: We developed a machine learning algorithm to estimate the probability of a clinically significant hypoglycemic event within one week. Predictive algorithms may provide diabetes care providers using RPM with additional context when prioritizing T1D patients for review., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: DS is an advisor to Carta Healthcare.
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- 2024
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16. Adding glycemic and physical activity metrics to a multimodal algorithm-enabled decision-support tool for type 1 diabetes care: Keys to implementation and opportunities.
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Zaharieva DP, Senanayake R, Brown C, Watkins B, Loving G, Prahalad P, Ferstad JO, Guestrin C, Fox EB, Maahs DM, and Scheinker D
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- Adult, Adolescent, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Exercise, Algorithms, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 therapy
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Algorithm-enabled patient prioritization and remote patient monitoring (RPM) have been used to improve clinical workflows at Stanford and have been associated with improved glucose time-in-range in newly diagnosed youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This novel algorithm-enabled care model currently integrates continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to prioritize patients for weekly reviews by the clinical diabetes team. The use of additional data may help clinical teams make more informed decisions around T1D management. Regular exercise and physical activity are essential to increasing cardiovascular fitness, increasing insulin sensitivity, and improving overall well-being of youth and adults with T1D. However, exercise can lead to fluctuations in glycemia during and after the activity. Future iterations of the care model will integrate physical activity metrics (e.g., heart rate and step count) and physical activity flags to help identify patients whose needs are not fully captured by CGM data. Our aim is to help healthcare professionals improve patient care with a better integration of CGM and physical activity data. We hypothesize that incorporating exercise data into the current CGM-based care model will produce specific, clinically relevant information such as identifying whether patients are meeting exercise guidelines. This work provides an overview of the essential steps of integrating exercise data into an RPM program and the most promising opportunities for the use of these data., Competing Interests: DZ has received speaker’s honoraria from Medtronic Diabetes, Ascensia Diabetes, and Insulet Canada; and research support from the Helmsley Charitable Trust and ISPAD-JDRF Research Fellowship. She is also on the Dexcom Advisory board. DM has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, JDRF, NSF, and the Helmsley Charitable Trust; and his institution has received research support from Medtronic, Dexcom, Insulet, Bigfoot Biomedical, Tandem, and Roche. He has consulted for Abbott, the Helmsley Charitable Trust, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, and Insulet, and is supported by grant number P30DK116074. DS is an advisor to Carta Healthcare. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zaharieva, Senanayake, Brown, Watkins, Loving, Prahalad, Ferstad, Guestrin, Fox, Maahs and Scheinker.)
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- 2023
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17. [ 11 C]metomidate PET-CT versus adrenal vein sampling for diagnosing surgically curable primary aldosteronism: a prospective, within-patient trial.
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Wu X, Senanayake R, Goodchild E, Bashari WA, Salsbury J, Cabrera CP, Argentesi G, O'Toole SM, Matson M, Koo B, Parvanta L, Hilliard N, Kosmoliaptsis V, Marker A, Berney DM, Tan W, Foo R, Mein CA, Wozniak E, Savage E, Sahdev A, Bird N, Laycock K, Boros I, Hader S, Warnes V, Gillett D, Dawnay A, Adeyeye E, Prete A, Taylor AE, Arlt W, Bhuva AN, Aigbirhio F, Manisty C, McIntosh A, McConnachie A, Cruickshank JK, Cheow H, Gurnell M, Drake WM, and Brown MJ
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- Humans, Adrenal Glands diagnostic imaging, Adrenal Glands surgery, Adrenal Glands blood supply, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Hyperaldosteronism diagnostic imaging, Hyperaldosteronism surgery, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) due to a unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma is a common cause of hypertension. This can be cured, or greatly improved, by adrenal surgery. However, the invasive nature of the standard pre-surgical investigation contributes to fewer than 1% of patients with PA being offered the chance of a cure. The primary objective of our prospective study of 143 patients with PA ( NCT02945904 ) was to compare the accuracy of a non-invasive test, [
11 C]metomidate positron emission tomography computed tomography (MTO) scanning, with adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in predicting the biochemical remission of PA and the resolution of hypertension after surgery. A total of 128 patients reached 6- to 9-month follow-up, with 78 (61%) treated surgically and 50 (39%) managed medically. Of the 78 patients receiving surgery, 77 achieved one or more PA surgical outcome criterion for success. The accuracies of MTO at predicting biochemical and clinical success following adrenalectomy were, respectively, 72.7 and 65.4%. For AVS, the accuracies were 63.6 and 61.5%. MTO was not significantly superior, but the differences of 9.1% (95% confidence interval = -6.5 to 24.1%) and 3.8% (95% confidence interval = -11.9 to 9.4) lay within the pre-specified -17% margin for non-inferiority (P = 0.00055 and P = 0.0077, respectively). Of 24 serious adverse events, none was considered related to either investigation and 22 were fully resolved. MTO enables non-invasive diagnosis of unilateral PA., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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18. Localization of TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma using 11C-methionine image subtraction.
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Gillett D, Senanayake R, MacFarlane J, van der Meulen M, Koulouri O, Powlson AS, Crawford R, Gillett B, Bird N, Heard S, Kolias A, Mannion R, Aloj L, Mendichovszky IA, Cheow H, Bashari WA, and Gurnell M
- Abstract
Background: Pituitary adenomas (PA) affect ~ 1:1200 of the population and can cause a wide range of symptoms due to hormone over-secretion, loss of normal pituitary gland function and/or compression of visual pathways, resulting in significantly impaired quality of life. Surgery is potentially curative if the location of the adenoma can be determined. However, standard structural (anatomical) imaging, in the form of MRI, is unable to locate all tumors, especially microadenomas (< 1 cm diameter). In such cases, functional imaging [
11 C-methionine PET/CT (Met-PET)] can facilitate tumor detection, although may be inconclusive when the adenoma is less metabolically active. We, therefore, explored whether subtraction imaging, comparing findings between two Met-PET scans with medical therapy-induced suppression of tumor activity in the intervening period, could increase confidence in adenoma localization. In addition, we assessed whether normalization to a reference region improved consistency of pituitary gland signal in healthy volunteers who underwent two Met-PET scans without medical suppression., Results: We found that the mean percentage differences in maximum pituitary uptake between two Met-PET scans in healthy volunteers were 2.4% for (SUVr) [cerebellum], 8.8% for SUVr [pons], 5.2% for SUVr [gray matter] and 23.1% for the SUVbw [no region]. Laterality, as measured by contrast-noise ratio (CNR), indicated the correct location of the adenoma in all three image types with mean CNR values of 6.2, 8.1 and 11.1 for SUVbw, SUVbwSub and SUVrSub [cerebellum], respectively. Subtraction imaging improved CNR in 60% and 100% of patients when using images generated from SUVbw [no region] and SUVr [cerebellum] scans compared to standard clinical SUVbw imaging., Conclusions: Met-PET scans should be normalized to the cerebellum to minimize the effects of physiological variation in pituitary gland uptake of 11C-methionine, especially when comparing serial imaging. Subtraction imaging following endocrine suppression of tumor function improved lateralization of PA when compared with single time point clinical Met-PET but, importantly, only if the images were normalized to the cerebellum prior to subtraction., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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19. Salt Tablets Safely Increase Serum Sodium in Hospitalised Elderly Patients With Hyponatraemia Secondary to Refractory Idiopathic Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuresis.
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Calvo Latorre J, Senanayake R, and Bashari WA
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Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte abnormality encountered in the inpatient setting and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuresis (SIAD) remains the most common cause. Hyponatraemia due to SIAD presents various challenges in treatment approaches, including poor concordance (e.g., to fluid restriction), medication intolerance (e.g., demeclocycline), and risk of rapid sodium shifts (e.g., with vaptan therapy). The use of oral sodium chloride (NaCl) tablets is a recognised treatment approach. However, it is not commonly advocated. We present the cases of two elderly patients in whom the temporary use of NaCl tablets, as an adjunct to fluid restriction, led to safe and effective correction of SIAD-related hyponatraemia with resultant reduced length of hospital admission., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Calvo Latorre et al.)
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- 2022
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20. Image-based computer modeling assessment of microwave ablation for treatment of adrenal tumors.
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Sebek J, Cappiello G, Rahmani G, Zeinali N, Keating M, Fayemiwo M, Harkin J, McDaid L, Gardiner B, Sheppard D, Senanayake R, Gurnell M, O'Halloran M, Dennedy MC, and Prakash P
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- Aldosterone, Computer Simulation, Computers, Humans, Microwaves therapeutic use, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Adenoma, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Purpose: To assess the feasibility of delivering microwave ablation for targeted treatment of aldosterone producing adenomas using image-based computational models., Methods: We curated an anonymized dataset of diagnostic
11 C-metomidate PET/CT images of 14 patients with aldosterone producing adenomas (APA). A semi-automated approach was developed to segment the APA, adrenal gland, and adjacent organs within 2 cm of the APA boundary. The segmented volumes were used to implement patient-specific 3D electromagnetic-bioheat transfer models of microwave ablation with a 2.45 GHz directional microwave ablation applicator. Ablation profiles were quantitatively assessed based on the extent of the APA target encompassed by an ablative thermal dose, while limiting thermal damage to the adjacent normal adrenal tissue and sensitive critical structures., Results: Across the 14 patients, adrenal tumor volumes ranged between 393 mm3 and 2,395 mm3 . On average, 70% of the adrenal tumor volumes received an ablative thermal dose of 240CEM43, while limiting thermal damage to non-target structures, and thermally sparing 83.5-96.4% of normal adrenal gland. Average ablation duration was 293 s (range: 60-600 s). Simulations indicated coverage of the APA with an ablative dose was limited when the axis of the ablation applicator was not well aligned with the major axis of the targeted APA., Conclusions: Image-based computational models demonstrate the potential for delivering microwave ablation to APA targets within the adrenal gland, while limiting thermal damage to surrounding non-target structures.- Published
- 2022
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21. Somatic mutations of GNA11 and GNAQ in CTNNB1-mutant aldosterone-producing adenomas presenting in puberty, pregnancy or menopause.
- Author
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Zhou J, Azizan EAB, Cabrera CP, Fernandes-Rosa FL, Boulkroun S, Argentesi G, Cottrell E, Amar L, Wu X, O'Toole S, Goodchild E, Marker A, Senanayake R, Garg S, Åkerström T, Backman S, Jordan S, Polubothu S, Berney DM, Gluck A, Lines KE, Thakker RV, Tuthill A, Joyce C, Kaski JP, Karet Frankl FE, Metherell LA, Teo AED, Gurnell M, Parvanta L, Drake WM, Wozniak E, Klinzing D, Kuan JL, Tiang Z, Gomez Sanchez CE, Hellman P, Foo RSY, Mein CA, Kinsler VA, Björklund P, Storr HL, Zennaro MC, and Brown MJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms pathology, Adrenocortical Adenoma pathology, Adult, Female, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 genetics, Humans, Hyperaldosteronism pathology, Male, Menopause metabolism, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Puberty metabolism, Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms genetics, Adrenocortical Adenoma genetics, Aldosterone biosynthesis, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits genetics, beta Catenin genetics
- Abstract
Most aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) have gain-of-function somatic mutations of ion channels or transporters. However, their frequency in aldosterone-producing cell clusters of normal adrenal gland suggests a requirement for codriver mutations in APAs. Here we identified gain-of-function mutations in both CTNNB1 and GNA11 by whole-exome sequencing of 3/41 APAs. Further sequencing of known CTNNB1-mutant APAs led to a total of 16 of 27 (59%) with a somatic p.Gln209His, p.Gln209Pro or p.Gln209Leu mutation of GNA11 or GNAQ. Solitary GNA11 mutations were found in hyperplastic zona glomerulosa adjacent to double-mutant APAs. Nine of ten patients in our UK/Irish cohort presented in puberty, pregnancy or menopause. Among multiple transcripts upregulated more than tenfold in double-mutant APAs was LHCGR, the receptor for luteinizing or pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin). Transfections of adrenocortical cells demonstrated additive effects of GNA11 and CTNNB1 mutations on aldosterone secretion and expression of genes upregulated in double-mutant APAs. In adrenal cortex, GNA11/Q mutations appear clinically silent without a codriver mutation of CTNNB1., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)
- Published
- 2021
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22. Methods of 3D printing models of pituitary tumors.
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Gillett D, Bashari W, Senanayake R, Marsden D, Koulouri O, MacFarlane J, van der Meulen M, Powlson AS, Mendichovszky IA, Cheow H, Bird N, Kolias A, Mannion R, and Gurnell M
- Abstract
Background: Pituitary adenomas can give rise to a variety of clinical disorders and surgery is often the primary treatment option. However, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not always reliably identify the site of an adenoma. In this setting molecular (functional) imaging (e.g.
11 C-methionine PET/CT) may help with tumor localisation, although interpretation of these 2D images can be challenging. 3D printing of anatomicalal models for other indications has been shown to aid surgical planning and improve patient understanding of the planned procedure. Here, we explore the potential utility of four types of 3D printing using PET/CT and co-registered MRI for visualising pituitary adenomas., Methods: A 3D patient-specific model based on a challenging clinical case was created by segmenting the pituitary gland, pituitary adenoma, carotid arteries and bone using contemporary PET/CT and MR images. The 3D anatomical models were printed using VP, MEX, MJ and PBF 3D printing methods. Different anatomicalal structures were printed in color with the exception of the PBF anatomical model where a single color was used. The anatomical models were compared against the computer model to assess printing accuracy. Three groups of clinicians (endocrinologists, neurosurgeons and ENT surgeons) assessed the anatomical models for their potential clinical utility., Results: All of the printing techniques produced anatomical models which were spatially accurate, with the commercial printing techniques (MJ and PBF) and the consumer printing techniques (VP and MEX) demonstrating comparable findings (all techniques had mean spatial differences from the computer model of < 0.6 mm). The MJ, VP and MEX printing techniques yielded multicolored anatomical models, which the clinicians unanimously agreed would be preferable to use when talking to a patient; in contrast, 50%, 40% and 0% of endocrinologists, neurosurgeons and ENT surgeons respectively would consider using the PBF model., Conclusion: 3D anatomical models of pituitary tumors were successfully created from PET/CT and MRI using four different 3D printing techniques. However, the expert reviewers unanimously preferred the multicolor prints. Importantly, the consumer printers performed comparably to the commercial MJ printing technique, opening the possibility that these methods can be adopted into routine clinical practice with only a modest investment., (© 2021. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2021
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23. Using Molecular Imaging to Enhance Decision Making in the Management of Pituitary Adenomas.
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Bashari WA, Senanayake R, MacFarlane J, Gillett D, Powlson AS, Kolias A, Mannion RJ, Koulouri O, and Gurnell M
- Abstract
In most patients with suspected or confirmed pituitary adenomas (PAs), MRI, performed using T1- (with or without gadolinium enhancement) and T2-weighted sequences, provides sufficient information to guide effective clinical decision making. In other patients, additional MR sequences (e.g., gradient recalled echo, fluid-attenuation inversion recovery, MR elastography, or MR angiography) may be deployed to improve adenoma detection, assess tumoral consistency, or aid distinction from other sellar/parasellar lesions (e.g., aneurysm, meningioma). However, there remains a small but important subgroup of patients in whom primary or secondary intervention (e.g., first or redo transsphenoidal surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery) is limited by the inability of MRI to accurately localize the site(s) of de novo, persistent, or recurrent PA. Emerging evidence indicates that hybrid imaging, which combines molecular (e.g.
11 C-methionine PET) and cross-sectional (MRI) modalities, can enable the detection and precise localization of sites of active tumor to guide targeted intervention. This not only increases the likelihood of achieving complete remission with preservation of remaining normal pituitary function but may mitigate the need for long-term (even lifelong) high-cost medical therapies. Here, we review published evidence supporting the use of molecular imaging in the management of PAs, including our own 10-y experience with11 C-methionine PET., (© 2021 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.)- Published
- 2021
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24. God's mind on morality.
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McNamara RA, Senanayake R, Willard AK, and Henrich J
- Abstract
Most research on cognition behind religious belief assumes that understanding of other minds is culturally uniform and follows the Western model of mind, which posits that (a) others' thoughts can be known and (b) action is best explained by mental state inference. This is potentially problematic if, as a growing body of evidence suggests, other populations view minds differently. We recruit Indigenous iTaukei Fijians who hold (a) a model of mind that discourages mental state inference and (b) co-existing Christian (Western) and traditional supernatural agent beliefs. Study 1 ( N = 108), uses free-listing to examine how Western and local models of mind relate to beliefs. The Christian God cares about internal states and traits (aligning with the Western model of mind). Study 2 tests whether evoking God triggers intent focus in moral reasoning. Instead, God appears to enforce cultural models of mind in iTaukei ( N = 151) and North Americans ( N = 561). Expected divine judgement mirrors human judgement; iTaukei ( N = 90) expect God to emphasise outcome, while Indo-Fijians ( N = 219) and North Americans ( N = 412) expect God to emphasise intent. When reminded to think about thoughts, iTaukei ( N = 72) expect God to judge outcomes less harshly. Results suggest cultural/cognitive co-evolution: introduced cultural forms can spread new cognitive approaches, while Indigenous beliefs can persist as a reflection of local institutions., (© The Author(s) 2021.)
- Published
- 2021
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25. New types of localization methods for adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent Cushing's syndrome.
- Author
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Senanayake R, Gillett D, MacFarlane J, Van de Meulen M, Powlson A, Koulouri O, Casey R, Bashari W, and Gurnell M
- Subjects
- ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic complications, ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic metabolism, ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma complications, ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma diagnosis, ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma metabolism, Adenoma complications, Adenoma diagnosis, Adenoma metabolism, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone metabolism, Cushing Syndrome etiology, Cushing Syndrome metabolism, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Imaging classification, Diagnostic Imaging methods, Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine classification, Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine trends, Humans, Inventions, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion metabolism, Pituitary Gland diagnostic imaging, Pituitary Gland metabolism, Positron-Emission Tomography, ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic diagnosis, Cushing Syndrome diagnosis, Diagnostic Imaging trends, Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion diagnosis
- Abstract
The management of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) typically involves two key steps: (i) confirmation of autonomous hypercortisolism and (ii) localization of the cause to guide treatment. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent CS is most commonly due to a pituitary corticotrope tumor which may be so small as to evade detection on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although biochemical testing (e.g., corticotropin stimulation; dexamethasone suppression) can provide an indication of the likely origin of ACTH excess, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus catheterization offers greater accuracy to distinguish pituitary-driven CS [Cushing's Disease (CD)] from the ectopic ACTH syndrome [EAS, e.g., due to a bronchial or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET)]. In patients with CD, 40-50% may not have a pituitary adenoma (PA) readily visualized on standard clinical MRI. In these subjects, alternative MR sequences (e.g., dynamic, volumetric, fluid attenuation inversion recovery) and higher magnetic field strength (7T > 3T > 1.5T) may aid tumor localization but carry a risk of identifying coincidental (non-causative) pituitary lesions. Molecular imaging is therefore increasingly being deployed to detect small ACTH-secreting PA, with hybrid imaging [e.g., positron emission tomography (PET) combined with MRI] allowing precise anatomical localization of sites of radiotracer (e.g.,
11 C-methionine) uptake. Similarly, small ACTH-secreting NETs, missed on initial cross-sectional imaging, may be detected using PET tracers targeting abnormal glucose metabolism (e.g.,18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose), somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression (e.g.,68 Ga-DOTATATE), amine precursor (e.g.,18 F-DOPA) or amino acid (e.g.,11 C-methionine) uptake. Therefore, modern management of ACTH-dependent CS should ideally be undertaken in specialist centers which have an array of cross-sectional and functional imaging techniques at their disposal., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None of the authors report any disclosures., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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26. Advances in the Imaging of Pituitary Tumors.
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MacFarlane J, Bashari WA, Senanayake R, Gillett D, van der Meulen M, Powlson AS, Kolias A, Koulouri O, and Gurnell M
- Subjects
- Diagnostic Imaging methods, Endocrinology methods, Endocrinology trends, Humans, Medical Oncology methods, Pituitary Neoplasms pathology, Pituitary Neoplasms therapy, Diagnostic Imaging trends, Medical Oncology trends, Pituitary Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
In most patients with pituitary adenomas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential to guide effective decision-making. T1- and T2-weighted sequences allow the majority of adenomas to be readily identified. Supplementary MR sequences (e.g. FLAIR; MR angiography) may also help inform surgery. However, in some patients MRI findings are 'negative' or equivocal (e.g. with failure to reliably identify a microadenoma or to distinguish postoperative change from residual/recurrent disease). Molecular imaging [e.g.
11 C-methionine PET/CT coregistered with volumetric MRI (Met-PET/MRCR )] may allow accurate localisation of the site of de novo or persistent disease to guide definitive treatment (e.g. surgery or radiosurgery)., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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27. PET-guided repeat transsphenoidal surgery for previously deemed unresectable lateral disease in acromegaly.
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Bashari WA, Senanayake R, Koulouri O, Gillett D, MacFarlane J, Powlson AS, Fernandez-Pombo A, Bano G, Martin AJ, Scoffings D, Cheow H, Mendichovszky I, Tysome J, Donnelly N, Santarius T, Kolias A, Mannion R, and Gurnell M
- Subjects
- Acromegaly metabolism, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proof of Concept Study, Acromegaly diagnostic imaging, Acromegaly surgery, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography methods, Reoperation methods, Sphenoid Bone diagnostic imaging, Sphenoid Bone surgery
- Abstract
Objective: The object of this study was to determine if revision transsphenoidal surgery (TSS), guided by 11C-methionine PET/CT coregistered with volumetric MRI (Met-PET/MRCR), can lead to remission in patients with persistent acromegaly due to a postoperative lateral disease remnant., Methods: The authors identified 9 patients with persistent acromegaly following primary intervention (TSS ± medical therapy ± radiotherapy) in whom further surgery had initially been discounted because of equivocal MRI findings with suspected lateral sellar and/or parasellar disease (cases with clear Knosp grade 4 disease were excluded). All patients underwent Met-PET/MRCR. Scan findings were used by the pituitary multidisciplinary team to inform decision-making regarding repeat surgery. Revision TSS was performed with wide lateral exploration as guided by the PET findings. Endocrine reassessment was performed at 6-10 weeks after surgery, with longitudinal follow-up thereafter., Results: Met-PET/MRCR revealed focal tracer uptake in the lateral sellar and/or parasellar region(s) in all 9 patients, which correlated with sites of suspected residual tumor on volumetric MRI. At surgery, tumor was identified and resected in 5 patients, although histological analysis confirmed somatotroph tumor in only 4 cases. In the other 4 patients, no definite tumor was seen, but equivocal tissue was removed. Despite the uncertainty at surgery, all patients showed immediate significant improvements in clinical and biochemical parameters. In the 8 patients for whom long-term follow-up data were available, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was ≤ 1.2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) in all subjects and ≤ 1 times the ULN in 6 subjects, and these findings have been maintained for up to 28 months (median 8 months, mean 13 months) with no requirement for adjunctive medical therapy or radiotherapy. No patient suffered any additional pituitary deficit or other complication of surgery., Conclusions: This study provides proof of concept that Met-PET/MRCR can be helpful in the evaluation of residual lateral sellar/parasellar disease in persistent acromegaly and facilitate targeted revision TSS in a subgroup of patients.
- Published
- 2020
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28. 11 C-Metomidate PET/CT is a useful adjunct for lateralization of primary aldosteronism in routine clinical practice.
- Author
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O'Shea PM, O'Donoghue D, Bashari W, Senanayake R, Joyce MB, Powlson AS, Browne D, O'Sullivan GJ, Cheow H, Mendichovszky I, Quill D, Lowery A, Lappin D, Gurnell M, and Dennedy MC
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Hyperaldosteronism drug therapy, Hyperaldosteronism surgery, Clinical Decision-Making, Etomidate analogs & derivatives, Hyperaldosteronism diagnosis, Hyperaldosteronism therapy, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Radiopharmaceuticals
- Abstract
Objective: To describe clinical practice experience of
11 C-Metomidate PET/CT as an adjunct to adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in the lateralization of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) in primary aldosteronism (PA)., Context: Accurate lateralization of APA in the setting of PA offers the potential for surgical cure and improved long-term cardiovascular outcomes. Challenges associated with AVS, the current gold standard lateralization modality, mean that only a small proportion of potentially eligible patients currently make it through to surgery. This has prompted consideration of alternative strategies for lateralization, including the application of novel molecular PET tracers such as11 C-Metomidate., Design: Clinical Service Evaluation/Retrospective audit., Patients: Fifteen individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of PA, undergoing lateralization with11 C-Metomidate PET/CT prior to final clinical decision on surgical vs medical management., Measurements: All patients underwent screening aldosterone renin ratio (ARR), followed by confirmatory testing with the seated saline infusion test, according to Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines. Adrenal glands were imaged using dedicated adrenal CT.11 C-Metomidate PET/CT was undertaken due to equivocal or failed AVS. Management outcomes were assessed by longitudinal measurement of blood pressure, ARR, number of hypertensive medications following adrenalectomy or institution of medical therapy., Results: We describe the individual lateralization and clinical outcomes for 15 patients with PA., Conclusion:11 C-Metomidate PET/CT in conjunction with adrenal CT and AVS provided useful information which aided clinical decision-making for PA within a multidisciplinary hypertension clinic., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2019
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29. Modern imaging of pituitary adenomas.
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Bashari WA, Senanayake R, Fernández-Pombo A, Gillett D, Koulouri O, Powlson AS, Matys T, Scoffings D, Cheow H, Mendichovszky I, and Gurnell M
- Subjects
- Adenoma pathology, Adenoma therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Imaging methods, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Neuroimaging methods, Neuroimaging trends, Pituitary Diseases diagnosis, Pituitary Neoplasms pathology, Pituitary Neoplasms therapy, Adenoma diagnosis, Diagnostic Imaging trends, Pituitary Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Decision-making in pituitary disease is critically dependent on high quality imaging of the sella and parasellar region. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the investigation of choice and, for the majority of patients, combined T1 and T2 weighted sequences provide the information required to allow surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and/or medical therapy to be planned and long-term outcomes to be monitored. However, in some cases standard clinical MR sequences are indeterminate and additional information is needed to help inform the choice of therapy for a pituitary adenoma (PA). This article reviews current recommendations for imaging of PA, examines the potential added value that alternative MR sequences and/or CT can offer, and considers how the use of functional/molecular imaging might allow definitive treatment to be recommended for a subset of patients who would otherwise be deemed unsuitable for (further) surgery and/or RT., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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30. Gold-doped silver nanocluster [Au 3 Ag 38 (SCH 2 Ph) 24 X 5 ] 2- (X = Cl or Br).
- Author
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Wang Z, Senanayake R, Aikens CM, Chen WM, Tung CH, and Sun D
- Abstract
Here we report the single-crystal structure, experimental and theoretical characterization of a 41-metal atom Au-Ag alloy nanocluster [Au
3 Ag38 (SCH2 Ph)24 X5 ]2- (1, X = Cl or Br). The nanocluster 1 is co-protected by thiolate and halogen atoms and features an all-metallic face-fused biicosahedral Au2 @AuAg20 rod-like kernel enwrapped by the outermost Ag18 (SCH2 Ph)24 X3 shell. Two sites on the surface of the biicosahedral kernel are partially occupied by Au and Ag atoms. The outer Ag18 (SCH2 Ph)24 X3 shell is composed of two Ag6 S6 cycles at the two poles and one Ag6 S2 X3 arc at the equator with both 2- and 3-coordinated Ag atoms, which has not been observed in gold or silver nanoclusters ever before. Theoretical calculations elucidate its electronic structure as well as optical properties, thus producing informative correlations between its structure and properties. This nanocluster exhibits near-infrared (NIR) emission around 825 nm. This work (i) snapshots a rare crystal structure of an Au-doped silver alloyed nanocluster; (ii) gives a deep insight to understand how the capping ligand or anions affect the structure of the alloy nanocluster; and (iii) provides precise information about gold atom doping site that is very significant in the recognition of potential active catalytic sites of the alloy nanoparticles.- Published
- 2016
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31. Pointing Device Performance in Steering Tasks.
- Author
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Senanayake R and Goonetilleke RS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Psychomotor Performance physiology, User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
Use of touch-screen-based interactions is growing rapidly. Hence, knowing the maneuvering efficacy of touch screens relative to other pointing devices is of great importance in the context of graphical user interfaces. Movement time, accuracy, and user preferences of four pointing device settings were evaluated on a computer with 14 participants aged 20.1 ± 3.13 years. It was found that, depending on the difficulty of the task, the optimal settings differ for ballistic and visual control tasks. With a touch screen, resting the arm increased movement time for steering tasks. When both performance and comfort are considered, whether to use a mouse or a touch screen for person-computer interaction depends on the steering difficulty. Hence, a input device should be chosen based on the application, and should be optimized to match the graphical user interface., (© The Author(s) 2016.)
- Published
- 2016
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32. A model for combined targeting and tracking tasks in computer applications.
- Author
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Senanayake R, Hoffmann ER, and Goonetilleke RS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Time Factors, Young Adult, Computers, Models, Biological, Movement physiology, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Vision, Ocular physiology
- Abstract
Current models for targeted-tracking are discussed and shown to be inadequate as a means of understanding the combined task of tracking, as in the Drury's paradigm, and having a final target to be aimed at, as in the Fitts' paradigm. It is shown that the task has to be split into components that are, in general, performed sequentially and have a movement time component dependent on the difficulty of the individual component of the task. In some cases, the task time may be controlled by the Fitts' task difficulty, and in others, it may be dominated by the Drury's task difficulty. Based on an experiment carried out that captured movement time in combinations of visually controlled and ballistic movements, a model for movement time in targeted-tracking was developed.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Cotrimoxazole-induced hypoglycaemia in a patient with churg-strauss syndrome.
- Author
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Senanayake R and Mukhtar M
- Abstract
Cotrimoxazole is a commonly used antimicrobial agent which is traditionally indicated in the management of pneumocystis infection of which HIV and immunosuppressed individuals are at high risk. Furthermore, it can be used on the long term for prophylactic indications. Hypoglycaemia following commencement of cotrimaoxazole is a rare adverse effect which was first described in 1988. We describe a case of hypoglycaemia shortly following initiation of cotrimoxazole indicated as long-term prophylaxis on a background of Churg-Strauss syndrome. The patient was symptomatic for hypoglycaemia despite simultaneous use of high-dose prednisolone; however, the hypoglycaemia did not require a hospital admission. We will explore the risk factors, monitoring requirements, and the mechanism by which co-trimoxazole induces hypoglycaemia.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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