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Background: The variability in tooth crown size (TCS) is influenced by genetic factors and might be regulated by the difference in hormonal response. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the association between variations in TCS of permanent teeth with associated factors and genetic polymorphisms in hormonal‐related genes (ESR1, ESR2 and PTH). This cross‐sectional study involved dental casts from 86 individuals of both sexes. Dental casts were used to determine the maximum TCS of all fully erupted permanent teeth (except third molars) in the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions. Data such as sex, ethnicity, dental group (incisor, canine, premolar and molar), dental arch (upper and lower) and genetic polymorphisms of hormonal‐related genes were used. The DNA from each patient was collected to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799), ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) and PTH (rs694, rs6256 and rs307247) through real‐time PCR. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Results: In the MD dimension, the sex, dental group and dental arch were associated with variation in TCS (P <.05). In the BL dimension, the sex, dental group, dental arch and polymorphism in rs694 and rs307247 were associated with variation in TCS. Conclusions: In short, this study suggests that genetic polymorphisms of PTH are associated with variations in the BL TCS of permanent human teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals seeking orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery (OS) have a high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), but the relationship between TMD diagnoses and dentofacial deformities (DFDs) is still controversial. Therefore, this cross-sectional study with a comparison group aimed to analyze the association between dentofacial deformities and TMDs. Methodology: Eighty patients undergoing OS were consecutively selected from the stomatology department of the Federal University of Paraná between July 2021 and July 2022. Forty patients who would undergo OS composed the group of participants with DFD, and forty who received other types of attention and did not present changes in the dental bone bases formed the group without DFDs (DFDs and no DFDs groups). The groups were matched for sex, age, and self-reported ethnicity. The diagnostic criteria for TMDs (DC/TMDs) were used to diagnose TMD based on the Axis I criteria. The psychosocial aspects, oral behaviors in wakefulness, and sleep bruxism were evaluated through the Axis II criteria. The data were analyzed with a 5% significance level. Results: The presence of DFDs was significantly associated with arthralgia (p = 0.01). The other types of TMDs were not associated with DFDs. Comorbidities, habits, and psychosocial variables were not associated with DFDs at a level of 0.05. (p > 0.05). In analyzing the participants with arthralgia, the ones with this condition presented higher frequencies of sleep bruxism (p = 0.046). Conclusions: Participants with DFDs presented a significantly higher frequency of arthralgia when compared to no DFDs ones. Sleep bruxism was associated with the occurrence of joint TMDs in these participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL), oral health-related QOL (OHRQOL), temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and psychological factors in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and without CLP. Design: Case–control. Setting: Primary care, institutional practice. Patients: One hundred thirty-six patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with CLP (n = 68) and without CLP (n = 68). Main outcome measures: QOL and OHRQOL were assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire, respectively. TMDs and psychological factors were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Results: No differences in QOL were found between the groups (P > 0.05). Patients with CLP reported a better OHRQOL (P = 0.025) in the physical pain, physical disability, and psychological disability domains (P < 0.05). Patients with CLP presented with less myofascial pain (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.71] and other articular conditions (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06-0.90]. More patients with CLP reported no chronic pain (P = 0.012). The QOL of patients with CLP with no depression or with no nonspecific physical symptoms including pain (NSPSIP) was better than that of patients without CLP. The OHRQOL of patients with CLP without TMDs or no psychological factors was better than that of patients without CLP. Conclusions: Patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who require orthognathic surgery with CLP have better OHRQOL and present with fewer TMDs than those patients without CLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate if individuals with dentofacial deformities (DFD) who require orthognathic surgery are affected more by depression and pain. A case-control study was performed with 195 individuals. In the DFD group, 145 individuals with Class II and III malocclusion requiring orthognathic surgery were selected. The control group was composed of 50 individuals with no DFD. All patients were diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Data were analyzed with a significance level of 0.05. The DFD group more often presented severe depression (p = 0.020) and chronic pain (p = 0.017). They also presented higher prevalence of Nonspecific Physical Symptoms Including Pain (p = 0.002) and Nonspecific Physical Symptoms Excluding Pain (p = 0.002). Concerning TMD symptoms, the DFD group had more myofascial (p = 0.002) and articular pain (p = 0.041). Therefore, the results of this study suggest that depression and pain are more common in individuals with DFD requiring orthognathic surgery compared with individuals without DFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rehabilitation of atrophic anterior maxilla can be done by different techniques. Among the procedures for bone augmentation, we can use block grafting, guided bone regeneration, and split crest technique (SCT). SCT consists in bone crest osteotomy, followed by manual/mechanical expansion up to the splitting of the buccal plate from the lingual/palatal plate through greenstick fracture. SCT advantage is the possibility of simultaneously installing a dental implant. However, SCT planning should consider the remaining bone width and the the flap type to obtain success. Objective: To report a case of implant-supported rehabilitation of an atrophic anterior maxilla using the split crest technique with insertion of 4 immediate implants, showing the effectiveness of the technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective: The periodontal treatment of teeth with furcation defect is clinically challenging. In cases of class II furcation defects, the regenerative surgery shows low morbidity and good prognosis when correctly indicated. The aim of the present study is to report a treatment option for class II furcation defect through autogenous bone graft associated with the Bichat's fat pad. Case report: A 59-year-old female patient was diagnosed with class II furcation defect in the left mandibular first molar. The treatment comprised surgical reconstruction of the defect with a combination of maxillary tuberosity bone graft and Bichat's fat pad. The clinical and radiographic follow-up of 180 days showed bone formation in the furcation area and absence of probing depth. Conclusion: An association of autogenous graft form the maxillary tuberosity with a Bichat's fat pad proved to be a safe, low cost and effective therapy for the regenerative treatment of class II furcation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osteonecrosis of the jaw is associated with defects in vascularization and with the use of oral bisphosphonates. Osseous exposition and infection may occur. Recommended treatment is variable, from antibiotic medication, bony decortication to resections of the mandible in severe cases. Reconstruction of mandible, in cases of resections is essential for maintaining esthetic profile and adequate form and function. Objective: To report a case about the dangers of oral bisphosphonates in association with invasive procedures such as dental implants Case report: Female patient, 64 years-old, with osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by use of oral bisphosphonates after rehabilitation with dental implants. She had an edentulous and atrophic mandible and poor healthy. After diagnosis, partial resection of the jaw was performed together with the reconstruction with titanium plate, with no success. Then, iliac bone graft fixed by plates and screws was attempted, again with no success. Conclusion: Despite of the small number of cases of osteonecrosis associated with oral bisphosphonate reported in the literature, a simple implant surgery could result in adverse consequences if the use of this medication were overlooked in the anamnesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proteins Wnts are considered a key regulator of the early development of the skeleton. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the protein Wnt10b as a marker of bone repair in critical size defects surgically created in the calvaria of rabbits treated with fragmented autogenous adipose tissue graft. Methods: A total of 28 rabbits were divided into two groups: the Control group (C) and Adipose Tissue Graft group (ATG). A CSD measuring 15 mm in diameter was created in the calvaria of each animal. In rabbits of the C group, the defect was filled only with blood clot, and in ATG group, the defect was filled with fragmented adipose tissue graft. The two groups were divided into two subgroups (n = 7) for euthanasia 15 and 40 days after surgery. Histological and immunohistochemically analyses were performed to evaluate the neoformed bone and the presence/concentration of Wnt10b protein. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare the means and standard deviations of the number of Wnt10b + cells/mm2 in both groups in each postoperative period. It was assumed a significance level of 5%. Results: After 40 days, the mean concentration of the protein Wnt10b in ATG group was 26.26 (+-6.97) significant higher (p<0,001) than the mean in C group that was 305 (37.41). Conclusion: The protein Wnt10b would play a crucial role in the signaling of bone formation in bone defects treated with fragmented autogenous adipose tissue graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: This study aims to compare the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) tooth crown size (TCS) of adult patients with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and patients without CL/P., Materials and Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 146 adult patients, of both genders, of which 73 were included in the case group (with CL/P) and 73 were included in the control group (without CL/P). Data regarding gender and age and cleft type were collected. In addition, dental models were evaluated to obtain the TCS in the maximum distance of the MD and BL dimensions of all erupted permanent teeth (except third molars). The results were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05., Results: In the upper arch, the central incisors (CI) were smaller in the case group for the MD and BL dimensions ( p < 0.05). The lateral incisors (LI) and canine (C) were smaller only in the BL width ( p < 0.05) and the second molars (SM), were smaller only in the MD dimensions. In the lower arch, there were significant differences only in the BL width between groups, the CI and LI presented smaller measurements in CL/P patients, while the left first molar (FM) and right first premolar (FPM) were larger ( p < 0.05) than in patients without CL/P., Conclusion: Patients with CL/P have different sizes in certain teeth compared to patients without CL/P., Clinical Relevance: Cleft lip and palate patients usually present important dental anomalies; thereby, the knowledge about trends in tooth size variations in CL/P patients can aid in dental and orthodontic treatment planning to obtain a stable, functional, and esthetic occlusion.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL), oral health-related QOL (OHRQOL), temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and psychological factors in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and without CLP., Design: Case-control., Setting: Primary care, institutional practice., Patients: One hundred thirty-six patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with CLP (n = 68) and without CLP (n = 68)., Main Outcome Measures: QOL and OHRQOL were assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire, respectively. TMDs and psychological factors were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD)., Results: No differences in QOL were found between the groups ( P  >   0.05). Patients with CLP reported a better OHRQOL ( P  = 0.025) in the physical pain, physical disability, and psychological disability domains ( P  <   0.05). Patients with CLP presented with less myofascial pain (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.71] and other articular conditions (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06-0.90]. More patients with CLP reported no chronic pain ( P  = 0.012). The QOL of patients with CLP with no depression or with no nonspecific physical symptoms including pain (NSPSIP) was better than that of patients without CLP. The OHRQOL of patients with CLP without TMDs or no psychological factors was better than that of patients without CLP., Conclusions: Patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who require orthognathic surgery with CLP have better OHRQOL and present with fewer TMDs than those patients without CLP.

Background: To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms in FGF3, FGF10, and FGF13 are associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients that presented dentofacial deformities requiring orthognathic surgery., Material and Methods: The sample comprised a total of 113 patients of both sexes. The diagnosis of TMD was performed before orthognathic surgery between Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC-TMD). According to the TMD assessment, the patients were divided into 3 major groups: myofascial pain, articular disc displacements and other TMD conditions (arthralgia, arthritis, and arthrosis). Genomic DNA was collected from saliva samples and genetic polymorphisms in FGF3 (rs1893047 and rs7932320), FGF10 (rs900379) and FGF13 (rs5931572 and rs5974804) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reactions. The association between the TMD conditions and the genetic polymorphisms assessed were analyzed by Poisson Regression. The model was calculated on bivariate and adjusted by sex. The established alpha was 5%. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software (IBM, Armonk, NY)., Results: The genetic polymorphisms rs7932320 in FGF3 (P < 0.001) and rs900379 in FGF10 (P < 0.05) were associated with the presence of muscle disorder. The genetic polymorphisms rs1893047 in FGF3, rs900379 in FGF10, and rs5974804 and rs5931572 in FGF13, were associated with the presence of disk displacement (P < 0.05). The genetic polymorphisms rs1893047 and rs7932320 in FGF3, rs900379 in FGF10, and rs900379 in FGF10 were associated with other TMD conditions (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms in FGF3, FGF10, and FGF13 genes were associated with temporomandibular disorders in a population with dentofacial deformities.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two methods of local application of alendronate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone repair and the systemic implications. A critically sized defect (5 mm) was created in the cranial region of twenty-five male Wistar rats, and the bone removed was particulated, and grafted back to the defect with different treatments. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: A1- bone graft immersion in alendronate solution (3 mg/kg) for 5 minutes; P1- bone graft immersion in PTH solution (20 µg); A2- weekly local applications of alendronate 1 mg/kg; P2- weekly local applications of PTH (20 µg); C- no drugs were used. The animals were euthanized 60 days after surgery. Cranial bone blocks were removed for histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were used for immunolabeling. The kidneys, liver, and brain were also removed from all the rats for histological analysis. The data were submitted for statistical analysis with a level of significance of 0.05 (One-way ANOVA). The group C and group P2 presented a higher quantity of viable bone particles than the remaining groups. Groups A1, A2, and P1 presented with fewer viable bone particles than the control group, with a predominance of non-mineralized connective tissue. The histomorphometric analysis revealed no differences in relative bone area or MMP-2 or MMP-9 immunolabeling between the groups (p>0.05). Group A2 showed presence of fat in the liver consistent with hepatic steatosis. Changes in brain tissue were observed in groups A1 and P1.