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Digital flourishing refers to the positive perceptions of digital communication use in five dimensions: connectedness, positive social comparison, authentic self-presentation, civil participation, and self-control. This three-wave panel study among 1081 Slovenian adolescents (M[subscript age] = 15.34 years, 53.8% boys, 80.7% ethnic majority) explored the trajectories of their digital flourishing dimensions over 1 year (2021-2022). Latent class growth analysis identified two classes. Adolescents in the first class reported high levels of digital flourishing, which remained stable over time, whereas those in the second class reported low levels of digital flourishing with decreased self-control over time. Autonomy-supportive restrictive, autonomy-supportive active, and controlling active parental mediation styles, together with high parental digital skills, predicted adolescents' belongingness to the (more digitally flourishing) first class.

Equity is an important topic in school context globally because international migration is rapidly diversifying schools and classrooms across the world. Teacher quality is seen strongly related to student outcomes than demographic characteristics of students, and therefore important for achieving equity. This explorative study investigates the extent to which Swedish and Dutch pre-service teachers (PSTs) understand equity and are prepared to implement equity in their practice. Qualitative method was conducted in the study. Data from semi-structured interviews with 15 PSTs from Sweden and the Netherlands was thematically analysed to examine teacher knowledge about equity in education and related dispositions. The results showed that, while Swedish pre-service teachers had more theoretical knowledge in relation to teaching for equity, Dutch pre-service teachers had more practical knowledge and were therefore more prepared to implement equity in their lessons. The study recommends that teacher professional development for both in- and pre-service teachers needs to pay more attention to how equity is taught and how teachers embody equity principles in their practice.

This study investigates how lithological changes can affect the strike-slip fault propagation patterns using analogue models. Strike-slip fault zones are long structures that may cut across pre-existing tectonic or lithological steep boundaries. How strike-slip faulting is affected by a laterally heterogeneous upper crust is crucial for understanding the evolution of regional and local fault patterns, stress reorientations, and seismic hazard. Our models undergo sinistral distributed strike-slip shear (simple shear) and have been analysed by particle image velocimetry (PIV). We use quartz sand and microbeads as brittle analogue materials over a viscous mixture to distribute the deformation through the model. The first models investigate strike-slip faulting in a homogeneous upper crust using quartz sand or microbeads only. Three further models examine how the presence of a central section which laterally differs in its properties influences strike-slip faulting. The main observations are the following: The homogeneous upper crust shows typical Mohr–Coulomb strike-slip faults, with synthetic fault strikes related to the angle of internal friction of the material used. The heterogeneous upper crust has a profound effect on synthetic fault propagation, interaction, and linkage, as well as the kinematic evolution of antithetic faults that rotate around a vertical axis. The orientation of the central section determines whether antithetic fault activity concentrates along the entire length of the central contact or not. In the first case, fault activity is segmented or the number of different faults formed is increased in distinct domains. In the second case, the properties of the central material determine fault propagation, interaction, and/or linkage across the central domain. These findings have potential implications for nature that have been seen in the NW Iberian Peninsula. In this area, the change in direction of the sinistral faults and the position of the antithetic faults can be explained due to lithological change.

With the already widespread nature of multiple-choice assessments and the increasing popularity of answer-until-correct, it is important to have methods available for exploring the validity of these types of assessments as they are developed. This work analyzes a 20-question multiple choice assessment covering introductory undergraduate chemistry topics which was given to students in an answer-until-correct manner. Response process validity was investigated through one-on-one think-aloud interviews with undergraduate chemistry students. Answer-until-correct validity was also explored using an analysis of partial credit assignments. Results indicated the convenience of the quantitative partial credit method came at great cost to the precision of validity issue detection and is therefore not a valid shortcut to more rich qualitative approaches. The repeated attempt processing issue detection (RAPID) method is a novel method developed as a combination of response process and answer-until-correct validity. Results from this new method revealed validity issues that were undetected from the use of either approach individually or in concert.

Background and Aims: Refractory celiac disease type II (RCDII) is characterized by a clonally expanded aberrant cell population in the small intestine. The role of other tissue-resident immune subsets in RCDII is unknown. Here, we characterized CD8 and CD4 T cells in RCDII duodenum at the single-cell level and in situ. Methods: We applied mass cytometry on CD45+ duodenal cells derived from intestinal biopsies (n = 23) and blood samples (n = 20) from RCDII patients and controls. Additionally, we analyzed intestinal biopsies from celiac disease (n = 11) and RCDI (n = 2) patients. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on CD45+ duodenal cells derived from a RCDII patient, immunofluorescence staining for in situ analysis and flow cytometry for phenotyping of RCDII aberrant and CD8 T cells. Results: Compared to healthy controls, we observed that CD27+PD-1+ memory CD8αβ cells and CD4 T regulatories (Tregs) were more abundant in RCDII duodenum (CD8 ∗∗0.0029; CD4 ∗∗∗0.0001). The CD27+PD-1+ memory CD8αβ cells expressed the tissue-resident marker CD69, immunoregulatory markers (TIGIT, HAVCR2, TNFRSF9), NKG2A, were enriched for activated pathways and displayed cytotoxic gene signatures (NKG7, PRF1, GZMA). The absence of CD103 accords with their localization in the lamina propria as determined by in situ analysis. The CD25+FoxP3+CD27+CD127dim/- CD4 Tregs expressed IL1R2 and IL32 and costimulatory molecules (TNFSRS4, ICOS and TNFRSF18) and resided in the lamina propria as well. Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A on expanded duodenal CD8 T cells and HLA-E, the ligand for NKG2A, on expanded aberrant cells. Conclusion: RCDII is characterized by the simultaneous presence of an activated CD27+PD-1+ memory CD8αβ T cell subset and CD4 Tregs, suggesting that checkpoint blockade with anti-NKG2A/PD-1 and/or anticytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 may be an attractive treatment option.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are being developed as anti-cancer therapeutics due to their potent immunostimulatory properties. However, clinical trials testing TLR agonists as monotherapy have often failed to demonstrate significant improvement over standard of care. We hypothesized that the anti-cancer efficacy of TLR agonist immunotherapy could be improved by combinatorial approaches. To prevent increased toxicity, often seen with systemic combination therapies, we developed a hydrogel to deliver TLR agonist combinations at low doses, locally, during cancer debulking surgery. Using tumor models of WEHI 164 and bilateral M3–9-M sarcoma and CT26 colon carcinoma, we assessed the efficacy of pairwise combinations of poly(I:C), R848, and CpG in controlling local and distant tumor growth. We show that combination of the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and TLR7/8 agonist R848 drives anti-tumor immunity against local and distant tumors. In addition, combination of local poly(I:C) and R848 sensitized tumors to systemic immune checkpoint blockade, improving tumor control. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that local therapy with poly(I:C) and R848 recruits inflammatory monocytes to the tumor draining lymph nodes early in the anti-tumor response. Finally, we provide proof of concept for intraoperative delivery of poly(I:C) and R848 together via a surgically applicable biodegradable hydrogel.

In industrialized societies characterized by ubiquitous connectivity, many individuals disconnect from their phones or social media to break patterns of habitual use, reduce information overload, alleviate stress, and avoid distractions. Although research has predominantly focused on (young) adults, information on digital disconnection among adolescents remains limited. In response, in the present study, we analyzed survey data from 956 Flemish adolescents in Belgium (Mage = 15.10, SD = 1.61, and 64.8% girls) and, using latent class analysis, identified two subgroups: Class 1 labeled as “low adoption of social media apps and disconnection tools,” and Class 2 labeled as “high adoption of social media apps and disconnection tools.” Adolescents in Class 2 were more likely to use social media, specifically social networking, instant messaging, and entertainment apps, and to adopt disconnection tools (e.g., iOS Screentime or the Forest app). Next, drawing on the media practice model, we investigated how sociodemographic and sociopsychological factors contribute to those usage patterns and found that girls, older adolescents, and adolescents with higher scores for depressive symptoms and flourishing were more likely to belong to Class 2. Those findings offer new insights into adolescents’ social media connection and disconnection that can inform interventions to promote healthier smartphone use among adolescents.

Background and purpose: External validation is a crucial step after prediction model development. Despite increasing interest in prediction models, external validation is frequently overlooked. We aimed to evaluate whether joint registries can be utilized for external validation of prediction models, and whether published prediction models are valid for the Dutch population with a total hip arthroplasty. Methods: We identified prediction models developed in patients undergoing arthroplasty through a systematic literature search. Model variables were evaluated for availability in the Dutch Arthroplasty Registry (LROI). We assessed the model performance in terms of calibration and discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]). Furthermore, the models were updated and evaluated through intercept recalibration and logistic recalibration. Results: After assessing 54 papers, 19 were excluded for not describing a prediction model (n = 16) or focusing on non-TJA populations (n = 3), leaving 35 papers describing 44 prediction models. 90% (40/44) of the prediction models used outcomes or predictors missing in the LROI, such as diabetes, opioid use, and depression. 4 models could be externally validated on LROI data. The models’ discrimination ranged between poor and acceptable and was similar to that in the development cohort. The calibration of the models was insufficient. The model performance improved slightly after updating. Conclusion: External validation of the 4 models resulted in suboptimal predictive performance in the Dutch population, highlighting the importance of external validation studies.

Acid-base chemistry, and in particular the Lewis acid-base model, is foundational to understanding mechanistic ideas. This is due to the similarity in language chemists use to describe Lewis acid-base reactions and nucleophile-electrophile interactions. The development of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies has led to the creation of predictive text analysis models that evaluate a large number of open-ended, written formative assessment items. One of these machine learning-based tools developed by the authors evaluates correct Lewis acid-base model use. Bridging the gap between educational research, technological innovation, and instructional practice, we report the development of a web-based, interactive app using R Shiny application technologies that automates scoring of written assessments about acid-base chemistry. Results given by this Shiny app, in the form of on-screen output or a downloadable file, provide instructors with immediate feedback to evaluate acid-base instruction in their organic chemistry courses.

Abstract Combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy is a strategy to improve both treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare responses for two syngeneic head and neck cancer (HNC) tumor models in mice following X-ray or proton irradiation with or without immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). MOC1 (immunogenic) and MOC2 (less immunogenic) tumors were inoculated in the right hind leg of each mouse (C57BL/6J, n = 398). Mice were injected with anti-PDL1 (10 mg/kg, twice weekly for 2 weeks), and tumors were treated with single-dose irradiation (5–30 Gy) with X-rays or protons. MOC2 tumors grew faster and were more radioresistant than MOC1 tumors, and all mice with MOC2 tumors developed metastases. Irradiation reduced the tumor volume in a dose-dependent manner. ICI alone reduced the tumor volume for MOC1 with 20% compared to controls, while no reduction was seen for MOC2. For MOC1, there was a clear treatment synergy when combining irradiation with ICI for radiation doses above 5 Gy and there was a tendency for X-rays being slightly more biologically effective compared to protons. For MOC2, there was a tendency of protons being more effective than X-rays, but both radiation types showed a small synergy when combined with ICI. Although the responses and magnitudes of the therapeutic effect varied, the optimal radiation dose for maximal synergy appeared to be in the order of 10–15 Gy, regardless of tumor model.

Abstract Antennas that can operate across multiple communication standards have remained a challenge. To address these limitations, we propose a Field-Programmable Radio Frequency Surface (FPRFS), which is based on manipulating current flow on its surface to achieve desirable RF characteristics. In this work, we demonstrate that substantial enhancements in radiation efficiency can be achieved while preserving the high reconfigurability of antenna structures implemented on the FPRFS. This is accomplished by utilizing an asymmetric excitation, directing the excitation to the low-loss contiguous surface, and dynamically manipulating the imaged return current on a segmented ground plane by switches. This important insight allows for adaptable antenna performance that weakly depends on the number of RF switches or their loss. We experimentally validate that FPRFS antennas can achieve efficiencies comparable to traditionally implemented antenna counterparts. This permits the FPRFS to be effectively utilized as a productive antenna and impedance-matching network with real-time reconfigurability.

Introduction Inadequate treatment of enlarged lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) in rectal cancer patients is associated with an increased lateral local recurrence (LLR) risk, despite neoadjuvant treatment and total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery. There is a promising role for LLN dissection (LLND) to lower this risk, but this challenging procedure requires appropriate training. This study protocol describes a prospective evaluation of oncological outcomes after standardised treatment based on multidisciplinary training, thereby aiming for a 50% reduction in LLR rate.Methods and analysis A prospective registration study will be opened in hospitals in which the involved multidisciplinary team members (radiologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons and pathologists) have received dedicated training to enhance knowledge and awareness of LLNs and in which standardised treatment including LLND has been implemented. Patients with rectal cancer and at least one enlarged LLN (short-axis ≥7.0 mm), or intermediate LLN (short-axis 5.0–6.9 mm) with at least one malignant feature on primary MRI, evaluated by a trained radiologist, are eligible. Patients will undergo neoadjuvant treatment by trained radiation oncologists, followed by TME surgery in combination with a minimally invasive, nerve-sparing LLND performed by trained surgeons. LLND specimens are evaluated by trained pathologists or grossing assistants. The primary outcome is LLR rate 3 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes are morbidity, disease-free survival, overall survival and quality of life. To demonstrate a significant reduction in LLR rate from 13% (based on historical control data) to 6% after optimised treatment, 200 patients with enlarged LLNs are required.Ethics and dissemination The medical ethics board of the Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre (VUMC), the Netherlands, approved the study on 23 November 2022 (reference: 2021.0524). Participating centres must obtain local approval and participants are required to provide written informed consent. Results obtained from this study will be communicated via peer-reviewed medical journals and presentations at conferences.Trail registration number NCT04486131, 24 July 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04486131.

Purpose CHEK2 c.1100delC is associated with an increased breast cancer risk in women. While this variant is prevalent in the Netherlands (1% in the general population), knowledge of aetiology and prognosis of breast cancer and other tumours in CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers is lacking. The nationwide HEreditary Breast and Ovarian cancer study the Netherlands (Hebon) cohort aims to answer study questions in families with an increased risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. While initially focusing on BRCA1/2-variant families, Hebon gradually expanded to include pathogenic variants in other genes associated with breast and/or ovarian cancer over time. This provides an excellent setting to establish a cohort to ultimately study the impact of CHEK2 c.1100delC on cancer risk prediction and surveillance, breast cancer treatment and prognosis.Participants We invited all heterozygous and homozygous CHEK2 c.1100delC indexes and tested female relatives. 1802 women were included, of whom 1374 were heterozygotes and 938 were breast cancer cases. Pedigrees were collected from all clinical genetic departments. Furthermore, participants completed a detailed questionnaire on hormonal and lifestyle factors, family history, cancer diagnosis and treatment.Findings to date Mean age at study inclusion was 53 years. Linkage with the Netherlands Cancer Registry showed a younger age at diagnosis in homozygotes (mean age 41.7 years) and heterozygotes (47.9 years) than non-carriers (51.2 years). Furthermore, carriers were more often diagnosed with grade 2, oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and more often developed contralateral breast cancer than non-carriers. Most women consumed alcohol regularly and about half never smoked.Future plans Further data linkages with the Netherlands Cancer Registry will allow prospective follow-up and breast cancer risk assessment in unaffected women at the time of genetic testing, risk of contralateral breast cancer and survival in patients with breast cancer. Also, linkage with the nationwide network and registry of histopathology and cytopathology in The Netherlands (PALGA) allows us to retrieve tumour samples to study tumourigenesis.

Objectives Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most commonly used medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the effect of MTX treatment on cellular immune responses remains incompletely understood. This raises concerns about the vulnerability of these patients to emerging infections and following vaccination.Methods In the current study, we investigated the impact of MTX treatment in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease on B and CD4 T cell SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses. Eighteen patients with RA and two patients with psoriatic arthritis on MTX monotherapy were included, as well as 10 patients with RA without immunosuppressive treatment, and 29 healthy controls. CD4 T and B cell responses were analysed 7 days and 3–6 months after two SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccinations. High-dimensional flow cytometry analysis was used to analyse fresh whole blood, an activation-induced marker assay to measure antigen-specific CD4 T cells, and spike probes to study antigen-specific B cells.Results Seven days following two SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, total B and T cell counts were similar between MTX-treated patients and controls. In addition, spike-specific B cell frequencies were unaffected. Remarkably, the frequency of antigen-specific CD4 T cells was reduced in patients using MTX and correlated strongly with anti-RBD IgG antibodies. These results suggest that decreased CD4 T cell activity may result in slower vaccination antibody responses in MTX-treated patients.Conclusion Taken together, MTX treatment reduces vaccine-induced CD4 T cell activation, which correlates with lower antibody responses.Trial registration number NL8900.

Interprofessional education is one of the interventions used to increase health care students’ motivation for working with older patients. Previous research about such interventions has been conducted without the use of control groups and has given inconclusive results. The objective of the present curricular resource was: Does geriatric paper-based interprofessional education influence students’ interest in treating older people? During a one-year period, undergraduate fourth-year medical and third-year nursing students wrote four health care plans for four different paper-based older patient cases. In the intervention group students were paired up in interprofessional couples. In the control group students made the assignment alone. Interest for working with older patients was measured on a 5-point Likert scale before and one year after the intervention. In both groups, no significant change was found. Before-interest score of the interprofessional group was relatively high (3.8) so the non-significant results may be due to a ceiling effect. Nursing students’ interest in treating older people at the start of the research was higher than medical students’ interest.

Background With a growing population of older people in all Western countries, interprofessional education (IPE) can help to prepare students for the complex care for these patients. Which aspects of this complex care could benefit from IPE? In this study we evaluated the differences in content of health care plans made by students who participated in IPE. Methods Undergraduate nursing and medical students were included and attended four sessions in which they wrote a health care plan for a paper-based geriatric patient case. Approximately half of the students were included in the IPE-group. To evaluate the content of interprofessional collaboration between the students, the other half of the students were included in a ‘uniprofessional education’ (UPE) group. UPE-students made the health care plan alone. In the IPE-group a medical and a nursing students compiled the health care plan together. All health care plans were assessed by comparing them with a validated health care plan. We zoomed into the differences in the content of the health care plans, and calculated a score ratio, proportion of correct items. Results The health care plans made by IPE-students had an average score ratio of 0.31. The health care plans made by UPE-students had an average score ratio of 0.22. Most differences were found in the subcategories medication, nursing actions and aftercare. Specific items within these categories were more frequently thought of in the IPE-group than in the UPE-group, for example delirium interventions and consultation with a transfer nurse. Conclusion This study gives insights into which health care actions are more often considered by interprofessional couples in IPE than by students in UPE. Awareness of these items in clinical practice could make a difference in the care for older patients.

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic disease characterized by the presence of endometriumlike tissue outside the uterus and is often associated with symptoms, such as dysmenorrhea, dysuria, dyschezia, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Moreover, women diagnosed with endometriosis can report gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloating, constipation or diarrhea, and abdominal cramping, which can be associated with irritable bowel syndrome and can result in the misdiagnosis of endometriosis as irritable bowel syndrome at first. Treatment usually involves hormonal therapy, pain management, surgery, and/or assisted reproductive techniques in case of infertility. Nonetheless, these treatment methods can be insufficient for alleviating symptoms or can have unacceptable side effects, leading to noncompliance. Therefore, women often apply self-management strategies, including dietary interventions.One of the diets frequently suggested as a tool to manage endometriosis-related symptoms on social media and patient forums is a gluten-free diet. Although a gluten-free diet has been proven effective in managing nonceliac wheat sensitivity or celiac disease, its effectiveness in endometriosis remains uncertain. The Nurses’ Health Study II found it unlikely that gluten intake was a strong factor in endometriosis etiology and symptomatology. To the best of our knowledge, the most frequently cited and sole published intervention study on the efficacy of a gluten-free diet for endometriosis has several important limiting factors, including the absence of a control group. In addition, gluten consumption is highly susceptible to a placebo effect and a nocebo effect, where women might experience symptom relief after eliminating gluten and return of symptoms after they consume gluten again, solely because they believe that gluten is bad for them. Despite the inverse association between body mass index and endometriosis and between a gluten-free diet and increased body mass index, this is an association, and no causality was proven. In addition, other factors should be taken into consideration.Of note, a gluten-free diet is expensive, has limited availability, and has a significant effect on quality of life. Moreover, without proper dietary guidance, it may adversely affect the gastrointestinal microbiome. Therefore, scientifically substantiated advice regarding the use of a gluten-free diet for endometriosis-related symptoms is currently not available, and a gluten-free diet should be discouraged unless there is an additional diagnosis of nonceliac wheat sensitivity or celiac disease.

Abstract. Introduction:. Chronic pain affects a wide range of physical and psychological aspects of life for those impacted. Psychosocial treatment approaches may be of support, but outreach is still limited. Objectives:. To evaluate the efficacy of EPIO, an evidence-informed, user-centered digital self-management intervention for people with chronic pain, in a 12-month randomized controlled trial. Methods:. People living with chronic pain (N = 266) were randomized to the EPIO intervention (n = 132) or a usual-care control group (n = 134). The intervention was delivered in a simple blended care model, and outcome measures collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Generalized linear models for repeated measures were fitted to compare groups over time. Results:. Participants were primarily female (81%), median age 49 years (range 22–78), with heterogeneous pain conditions, and had lived with pain >5 years (77.6%). A mixed linear model with all timepoints included revealed no statistically significant group differences for the primary outcome of pain interference. Significant psychological benefits in favor of the intervention group were however detected for depression (P = 0.022), self-regulatory fatigue (P = 0.024), vitality (P = 0.016), and mental health (P = 0.047). Baseline to 12-month changes showed additional favorable effects for anxiety (between-group mean differences [MDs] = 0.79, P = 0.047), depression (MD = 1.08, P = 0.004), self-regulatory fatigue (MD = 2.42, P = 0.021), pain catastrophizing (MD = 2.62, P = 0.009), and health-related quality of life. Conclusions:. The EPIO program aims to improve outreach of evidence-based pain self-management interventions. Findings demonstrate how using EPIO can lead to sustainable psychological change, enhancing mental health and health-related quality of life for people suffering from pain, providing a chance to live well with the pain.

The self-determination theory denotes that employees' basic psychological needs should be fulfilled for them to experience optimal functioning ('bright' pathway). However, these needs may also be thwarted, often resulting in less favorable outcomes ('dark' pathway). Although need satisfaction has been widely researched, need frustration has been explored less. The needs are context-responsive and vary daily but are more often investigated at the between-person level rather than the within-person level. This study aimed to understand the dual pathways (to well- and ill-being) of daily need satisfaction and frustration through the different motivational regulations. We also compared whether daily need satisfaction related more strongly to positive outcomes than need frustration and whether need frustration was more strongly associated with adverse outcomes. An intensive longitudinal quantitative research design with a multilevel approach was used. Employees in small and medium enterprises were asked to complete daily surveys for 10 working days (N = 68/n = 557). Data were analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling. The results revealed that both daily need satisfaction and frustration had an indirect influence on work engagement and exhaustion via intrinsic motivation. The indirect effect of daily need satisfaction on work engagement was more substantial than need frustration, while daily need frustration was more strongly related to exhaustion via intrinsic motivation. The implications are that management can actively make efforts to support employees' daily needs and reduce their daily need frustration. Theoretically, researchers should include both need satisfaction and frustration to account for the dual pathways to employee outcomes., Author(s): Lynelle Coxen [sup.1] [sup.2] , Leoni van der Vaart [sup.1] , Anja Van den Broeck [sup.1] [sup.3] , Sebastiaan Rothmann [sup.1] , Bert Schreurs [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/010f1sq29, [...]

Social media literacy is assumed to protect adolescents from negative social media effects, yet research supporting this is lacking. The current three-wave panel study with a four-month interval among N = 1,032 adolescents tests this moderating role of social media literacy. Specifically, we examine between- vs. within-person relations of exposure to the positivity bias on social media, social comparison, envy, and inspiration. We find significant positive relations between these variables at the between-person level. At the within-person level, a different pattern of results occurred: higher exposure to others' perfect lives on social media was related to increased inspiration, and higher social comparison was related to increased envy, yet both associations only occurred in one of the two time intervals. Additionally, no within-person associations between exposure to positive content and envy were significant, nor between exposure and social comparison or social comparison and inspiration. These results thus seem more complex than traditional paradigms of selective and transactional media effects assume. Furthermore, multiple group tests showed that the within-person cross-lagged relation between social comparison and envy only occurred for adolescents with low affective social media literacy. The moderating role of social media literacy was not supported in any other instances. The results overall point at the need to instruct affective social media literacy to help adolescents navigate positively biased social media platforms in a healthy way., Author(s): Lara Schreurs [sup.1] [sup.2] , Adrian Meier [sup.3] , Laura Vandenbosch [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/05f950310, grid.5596.f, 0000 0001 0668 7884, School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social [...]

Abstract The perception and appreciation of food flavor depends on many interacting chemical compounds and external factors, and therefore proves challenging to understand and predict. Here, we combine extensive chemical and sensory analyses of 250 different beers to train machine learning models that allow predicting flavor and consumer appreciation. For each beer, we measure over 200 chemical properties, perform quantitative descriptive sensory analysis with a trained tasting panel and map data from over 180,000 consumer reviews to train 10 different machine learning models. The best-performing algorithm, Gradient Boosting, yields models that significantly outperform predictions based on conventional statistics and accurately predict complex food features and consumer appreciation from chemical profiles. Model dissection allows identifying specific and unexpected compounds as drivers of beer flavor and appreciation. Adding these compounds results in variants of commercial alcoholic and non-alcoholic beers with improved consumer appreciation. Together, our study reveals how big data and machine learning uncover complex links between food chemistry, flavor and consumer perception, and lays the foundation to develop novel, tailored foods with superior flavors.

Abstract Chronic HIV-1 infection is characterized by T-cell dysregulation that is partly restored by antiretroviral therapy. Autophagy is a critical regulator of T-cell function. Here, we demonstrate a protective role for autophagy in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis. Targeted analysis of genetic variation in core autophagy gene ATG16L1 reveals the previously unidentified rs6861 polymorphism, which correlates functionally with enhanced autophagy and clinically with improved survival of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals. T-cells carrying ATG16L1 rs6861(TT) genotype display improved antiviral immunity, evidenced by increased proliferation, revamped immune responsiveness, and suppressed exhaustion/immunosenescence features. In-depth flow-cytometric and transcriptional profiling reveal T-helper-cell-signatures unique to rs6861(TT) individuals with enriched regulation of pro-inflammatory networks and skewing towards immunoregulatory phenotype. Therapeutic enhancement of autophagy recapitulates the rs6861(TT)-associated T-cell traits in non-carriers. These data underscore the in vivo relevance of autophagy for longer-lasting T-cell-mediated HIV-1 control, with implications towards development of host-directed antivirals targeting autophagy to restore immune function in chronic HIV-1 infection.

Abstract Three-dimensional facial stereophotogrammetry provides a detailed representation of craniofacial soft tissue without the use of ionizing radiation. While manual annotation of landmarks serves as the current gold standard for cephalometric analysis, it is a time-consuming process and is prone to human error. The aim in this study was to develop and evaluate an automated cephalometric annotation method using a deep learning-based approach. Ten landmarks were manually annotated on 2897 3D facial photographs. The automated landmarking workflow involved two successive DiffusionNet models. The dataset was randomly divided into a training and test dataset. The precision of the workflow was evaluated by calculating the Euclidean distances between the automated and manual landmarks and compared to the intra-observer and inter-observer variability of manual annotation and a semi-automated landmarking method. The workflow was successful in 98.6% of all test cases. The deep learning-based landmarking method achieved precise and consistent landmark annotation. The mean precision of 1.69 ± 1.15 mm was comparable to the inter-observer variability (1.31 ± 0.91 mm) of manual annotation. Automated landmark annotation on 3D photographs was achieved with the DiffusionNet-based approach. The proposed method allows quantitative analysis of large datasets and may be used in diagnosis, follow-up, and virtual surgical planning.

Abstract Background The increasingly complex patient care in the twenty-first century is delivered by interprofessional health care teams. Interprofessional collaboration can be taught during interprofessional education. However, whether a long-term change in collaborative competencies can be achieved by interprofessional education has not been studied sufficiently. Our research questions were: How does motivation for interprofessional collaboration and interprofessional collaborative skills change up to one year after an interprofessional educational intervention? How are they related to each other? Methods During a one-year period, undergraduate medical and nursing students attended four interprofessional (intervention) or uniprofessional (control group) education sessions. Self-determination Theory was used as the theoretical framework. Autonomous and controlled motivation scores for interprofessional collaboration were calculated using the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire, before (T1), directly after (T2) and one year post-intervention (T3). At T3, the students also filled out the Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey (ICCAS), which measured the perceived attainment of collaborative competencies by a retrospective pre-test/post-test design. We used linear mixed effects models to analyse the motivation scores and linear regression for the relation between motivation and competence. Results In the interprofessional group, autonomous motivation scores of the participants were significantly lower at T2 vs. T1. Controlled motivation scores were significantly higher at T3 vs. T1. Controlled motivation scores for T2 were significantly higher in the uniprofessional group than in the interprofessional group. Perceived competence was related to higher autonomous motivation scores. At T3 the interprofessional collaborative competencies seemed to have grown more among students in the interprofessional group. Conclusions The perceived growth in interprofessional collaboration competence lasted at least up to one year after the intervention, and was measurable with the ICCAS. The growth was significantly more in the IPE students than in the UPE students. The few differences found in motivation scores for interprofessional collaboration were probably caused by an imbalance of nursing versus medical students over the different time points. This finding indicates that classroom based IPE can contribute to interprofessional collaboration skills of nursing and medical students at least up to one year after an intervention.

Background and purpose: This study aims to assess time trends in case-mix and to evaluate the risk of revision and causes following primary THA, TKA, and UKA in private and public hospitals in the Netherlands. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 476,312 primary arthroplasties (public: n = 413,560 and private n = 62,752) implanted between 2014 and 2023 using Dutch Arthroplasty Register data. We explored patient demographics, procedure details, trends over time, and revisions per hospital type. Adjusted revision risk was calculated for comparable subgroups (ASA I/II, age ≤ 75, BMI ≤ 30, osteoarthritis diagnosis, and moderate–high socioeconomic status (SES). Results: The volume of THAs and TKAs in private hospitals increased from 4% and 9% in 2014, to 18% and 21% in 2022. Patients in private hospitals were younger, had lower ASA classification, lower BMI, and higher SES compared with public hospital patients. In private hospitals, age and ASA II proportion increased over time. Multivariable Cox regression demonstrated a lower revision risk for primary THA (HR 0.7, CI 0.7–0.8), TKA (HR 0.8, CI 0.7–0.9), and UKA (HR 0.8, CI 0.7–0.9) in private hospitals. After initial arthroplasty in private hospitals, 49% of THA and 37% of TKA revisions were performed in public hospitals. Conclusion: Patients in private hospitals were younger, had lower ASA classification, lower BMI, and higher SES com­pared with public hospital patients. The number of arthroplasties increased in private hospitals, with a lower revision risk compared with public hospitals.