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1. Challenges for ticks and tick-borne diseases research in Southeast Asia: Insight from the first international symposium in Cambodia.

Author: Sony Yean, Didot Budi Prasetyo, Sebastien Marcombe, Upik Kesumawati Hadi, Abdul Rahman Kazim, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup, Vu Duc Chinh, Keita Matsuno, Van Lun Low, Sarah Bonnet, Nathalie Boulanger, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Vincent Herbreteau, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Samuth Sum, Theary Ren, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Antsa Rakotonirina, and Sebastien Boyer
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundTicks, as critical vectors of a variety of pathogens, pose a significant public health challenge globally. In Southeast Asia (SEA), ticks are responsible for transmitting a diverse array of pathogens affecting humans and animals. The geographical and ecological diversity of SEA provides a unique environment that supports a wide range of tick species, which complicates the management and study of tick-borne diseases (TBDs).Methodology/principal findingsThis article synthesizes findings from the first international symposium on ticks and TBDs in Southeast Asia, held in Phnom Penh on June 22 and 23, 2023. It highlights regional efforts to understand tick ecology and pathogen transmission. This paper proposes to present a summary of the various presentations given during the symposium following 3 main parts. The first one is devoted to the state of knowledge regarding ticks and TBDs in SEA countries, with presentations from 6 different countries, namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The second part focuses on the development of new research approaches on tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) and TBDs. The last part is a summary of the round table discussion held on the final day, with the aim of defining the most important challenges and recommendations for researches on TBP and TBD in the SEA region.Conclusions/significanceKey topics discussed include advancements in diagnostic tools, such as MALDI-TOF MS and proteomics, and the development of sustainable strategies for tick management and disease prevention. The symposium facilitated the exchange of knowledge and collaborative networks among experts from various disciplines, promoting a unified approach to tackling TBDs in the region. The symposium underscored the need for enhanced surveillance, diagnostics, and inter-regional cooperation to manage the threat of TBDs effectively. Recommendations include the establishment of a regional database for tick identification and the expansion of vector competence studies. These initiatives are crucial for developing targeted interventions and understanding the broader implications of climate change and urbanization on the prevalence of TBDs.
Published: 2024
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2. Tick exposure biomarkers: A One Health approach to new tick surveillance tools

Author: Alexis Dziedziech, Eva Krupa, Kristina E.M. Persson, Richard Paul, and Sarah Bonnet
Subjects: Tick exposure, Biomarkers, Tick saliva, Immunogenic peptides, Biomarker discovery, Antigenic peptides, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: The spread of tick-borne disease (TBD) is escalating globally, driven by climate change and socio-economic shifts, underlining the urgency to improve surveillance, diagnostics, and control strategies. Ticks can transmit a range of pathogens increasing the risk of transmission of human and veterinary diseases such as Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Surveillance methods play a crucial role in monitoring the spread of tick-borne pathogens (TBP). However, there are shortcomings in the current surveillance methods regarding risks related to ticks. Human-tick encounters offer a novel metric for disease risk assessment, integrating human behavior into traditional surveillance models. However, to more reliably measure tick exposure, a molecular marker is needed. The identification of antibodies against arthropod salivary proteins as biomarkers for vector exposure represents a promising avenue for enhancing existing diagnostic and surveillance metrics. Here we explore how the use of tick saliva biomarkers targeting recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides could significantly improve the assessment of TBD transmission risk and the effectiveness of vector control measures. With focused efforts on creating a biomarker against tick exposure suitable for humans and domestic animals alike, tick surveillance, diagnosis and control would be more achievable and aid in reducing the mounting threat of TBP through a One Health lens.
Published: 2024
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3. Update on tick-borne pathogens detection methods within ticks

Author: Eva Krupa, Alexis Dziedziech, Richard Paul, and Sarah Bonnet
Subjects: Ticks, Tick-borne pathogens, Detection methods, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Ticks are known vectors of various pathogens, including bacteria, parasites and viruses, that impact both animal and human health. Improving knowledge of the distribution of tick-borne pathogens, combined with their early detection in ticks, are essential steps to fight against tick-borne diseases and mitigate their impacts. Here we give an overview of what are the common methods of pathogen detection in tick samples, including recent developments concerning how to handle tick samples, get access to tick-borne pathogens by chemical or physical disruption of the ticks, and methods used for the RNA/DNA extraction steps. Furthermore, we discuss promising tools that are developed for other sample types such as serum or blood to detect tick-borne pathogens, and those that could be used in the future for tick samples.
Published: 2024
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4. Survey of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in wild chimpanzee habitat in Western Uganda

Author: Camille Lacroux, Sarah Bonnet, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Marie Buysse, Nil Rahola, Sabine Rakotobe, John-Paul Okimat, Rachid Koual, Edward Asalu, Sabrina Krief, and Olivier Duron
Subjects: Amblyomma, Piroplasmids, Borrelia, Cryptoplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background Ticks and tick-borne pathogens significantly impact both human and animal health and therefore are of major concern to the scientific community. Knowledge of tick-borne pathogens is crucial for prescription of mitigation measures. In Africa, much research on ticks has focused on domestic animals. Little is known about ticks and their pathogens in wild habitats and wild animals like the endangered chimpanzee, our closest relative. Methods In this study, we collected ticks in the forested habitat of a community of 100 chimpanzees living in Kibale National Park, Western Uganda, and assessed how their presence and abundance are influenced by environmental factors. We used non-invasive methods of flagging the vegetation and visual search of ticks both on human team members and in chimpanzee nests. We identified adult and nymph ticks through morphological features. Molecular techniques were used to detect and identify tick-borne piroplasmids and bacterial pathogens. Results A total of 470 ticks were collected, which led to the identification of seven tick species: Haemaphysalis parmata (68.77%), Amblyomma tholloni (20.70%), Ixodes rasus sensu lato (7.37%), Rhipicephalus dux (1.40%), Haemaphysalis punctaleachi (0.70%), Ixodes muniensis (0.70%) and Amblyomma paulopunctatum (0.35%). The presence of ticks, irrespective of species, was influenced by temperature and type of vegetation but not by relative humidity. Molecular detection revealed the presence of at least six genera of tick-borne pathogens (Babesia, Theileria, Borrelia, Cryptoplasma, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia). The Afrotopical tick Amblyomma tholloni found in one chimpanzee nest was infected by Rickettsia sp. Conclusions In conclusion, this study presented ticks and tick-borne pathogens in a Ugandan wildlife habitat whose potential effects on animal health remain to be elucidated. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2023
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5. TUMOSPEC: A Nation-Wide Study of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Families with a Predicted Pathogenic Variant Identified through Multigene Panel Testing

Author: Fabienne Lesueur, Séverine Eon-Marchais, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Juana Beauvallet, Marie-Gabrielle Dondon, Lisa Golmard, Etienne Rouleau, Céline Garrec, Mathilde Martinez, Christine Toulas, Tan Dat Nguyen, Fanny Brayotel, Louise Crivelli, Christine M. Maugard, Virginie Bubien, Nicolas Sevenet, Paul Gesta, Stéphanie Chieze-Valero, Sophie Nambot, Vincent Goussot, Véronique Mari, Cornel Popovici, Fabienne Prieur, Marie-Emmanuelle Morin-Meschin, Julie Tinat, Alain Lortholary, Hélène Dreyfus, Marie Bidart, Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame, Monique Mozelle-Nivoix, Laurence Gladieff, Sophie Giraud, Nadia Boutry-Kryza, Jean Chiesa, Philippe Denizeau, Yves-Jean Bignon, Nancy Uhrhammer, Odile Cohen-Haguenauer, Paul Vilquin, Audrey Mailliez, Isabelle Coupier, Jean-Marc Rey, Elodie Lacaze, Odile Béra, Chrystelle Colas, Florence Coulet, Capucine Delnatte, Claude Houdayer, Christine Lasset, Jérôme Lemonnier, Michel Longy, Catherine Noguès, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique Vaur, Nadine Andrieu, and Olivier Caron
Subjects: genetic predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer, cancer risk estimate, multigene panels, penetrance of pathogenic variants, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Assessment of age-dependent cancer risk for carriers of a predicted pathogenic variant (PPV) is often hampered by biases in data collection, with a frequent under-representation of cancer-free PPV carriers. TUMOSPEC was designed to estimate the cumulative risk of cancer for carriers of a PPV in a gene that is usually tested in a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer context. Index cases are enrolled consecutively among patients who undergo genetic testing as part of their care plan in France. First- and second-degree relatives and cousins of PPV carriers are invited to participate whether they are affected by cancer or not, and genotyped for the familial PPV. Clinical, family and epidemiological data are collected, and all data including sequencing data are centralized at the coordinating centre. The three-year feasibility study included 4431 prospective index cases, with 19.1% of them carrying a PPV. When invited by the coordinating centre, 65.3% of the relatives of index cases (5.7 relatives per family, on average) accepted the invitation to participate. The study logistics were well adapted to clinical and laboratory constraints, and collaboration between partners (clinicians, biologists, coordinating centre and participants) was smooth. Hence, TUMOSPEC is being pursued, with the aim of optimizing clinical management guidelines specific to each gene.
Published: 2021
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6. Reliability of molecular host-identification methods for ticks: an experimental in vitro study with Ixodes ricinus

Author: Elsa Léger, Xiangye Liu, Sébastien Masseglia, Valérie Noël, Gwenaël Vourc’h, Sarah Bonnet, and Karen D. McCoy
Subjects: Host identification, Hematophagous arthropods, Ixodidae, Molecular methods, Detection biases, Vector-borne diseases, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background Reliable information on host use by arthropod vectors is required to study pathogen transmission ecology and to predict disease risk. Direct observation of host use is often difficult or impossible and indirect methods are therefore necessary. However, the reliability of currently available methods to identify the last host of blood-feeding arthropods has not been evaluated, and may be particularly problematic for ticks because host blood has been digested at capture. Biases in host detection may lead to erroneous conclusions on both vector ecology and pathogen circulation. Methods Here, we experimentally tested for biases in host detection using the generalist three-host tick Ixodes ricinus as a model system. We fed ticks using an artificial feeding system and amplified blood meal traces post-moult (i.e., in the succeeding unfed life stage) via both a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and a reverse line blotting method. We then experimentally tested for three types of biases in host detection: 1) time post-moult, 2) tick life stage and 3) host type (non-nucleated mammal blood versus nucleated avian blood), and compared these biases between the two molecular methods. Results Our results show that all three factors can influence host detection in ticks but not necessarily in the expected way. Although host detection rates decreased with time post-moult, mammal blood tended to be more readily detected than bird blood. Tick life stage was also an important factor; detection was higher in nymphs than in adults and, in some cases, remnants from both larval and nymphal blood meals could be detected in the adult stage. These biases were similar for the two detection techniques. Conclusions We show that different factors associated with questing ticks may influence our ability to correctly infer previous host use and that these factors may bias inferences from field-based studies. As these biases may be common to other vector-borne disease systems, their implications for our understanding of vector ecology and disease transmission require more explicit consideration.
Published: 2015
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7. Population genetics, community of parasites, and resistance to rodenticides in an urban brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) population.

Author: Amélie Desvars-Larrive, Michel Pascal, Patrick Gasqui, Jean-François Cosson, Etienne Benoît, Virginie Lattard, Laurent Crespin, Olivier Lorvelec, Benoît Pisanu, Alexandre Teynié, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Sarah Bonnet, Philippe Marianneau, Sandra Lacôte, Pascale Bourhy, Philippe Berny, Nicole Pavio, Sophie Le Poder, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Elsa Jourdain, Abdessalem Hammed, Isabelle Fourel, Farid Chikh, and Gwenaël Vourc'h
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Brown rats are one of the most widespread urban species worldwide. Despite the nuisances they induce and their potential role as a zoonotic reservoir, knowledge on urban rat populations remains scarce. The main purpose of this study was to characterize an urban brown rat population from Chanteraines park (Hauts-de-Seine, France), with regards to haematology, population genetics, immunogenic diversity, resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides, and community of parasites. Haematological parameters were measured. Population genetics was investigated using 13 unlinked microsatellite loci. Immunogenic diversity was assessed for Mhc-Drb. Frequency of the Y139F mutation (conferring resistance to rodenticides) and two linked microsatellites were studied, concurrently with the presence of anticoagulant residues in the liver. Combination of microscopy and molecular methods were used to investigate the occurrence of 25 parasites. Statistical approaches were used to explore multiple parasite relationships and model parasite occurrence. Eighty-six rats were caught. The first haematological data for a wild urban R. norvegicus population was reported. Genetic results suggested high genetic diversity and connectivity between Chanteraines rats and surrounding population(s). We found a high prevalence (55.8%) of the mutation Y139F and presence of rodenticide residues in 47.7% of the sampled individuals. The parasite species richness was high (16). Seven potential zoonotic pathogens were identified, together with a surprisingly high diversity of Leptospira species (4). Chanteraines rat population is not closed, allowing gene flow and making eradication programs challenging, particularly because rodenticide resistance is highly prevalent. Parasitological results showed that co-infection is more a rule than an exception. Furthermore, the presence of several potential zoonotic pathogens, of which four Leptospira species, in this urban rat population raised its role in the maintenance and spread of these pathogens. Our findings should stimulate future discussions about the development of a long-term rat-control management program in Chanteraines urban park.
Published: 2017
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8. Transmission of Bartonella henselae by Ixodes ricinus

Author: Violaine Cotté, Sarah Bonnet, Danielle Le Rhun, Evelyne Le Naour, Alain Chauvin, Henri-Jean Boulouis, Benoit Lecuelle, Thomas Lilin, and Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
Subjects: Tick-borne pathogen, Bartonella henselae, Ixodes ricinus, transmission, research, France, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria associated with several emerging diseases in humans and animals. B. henselae causes cat-scratch disease and is increasingly associated with several other syndromes, particularly ocular infections and endocarditis. Cats are the main reservoir for B. henselae and the bacteria are transmitted to cats by cat fleas. However, new potential vectors are suspected of transmitting B. henselae, in particular, Ixodes ricinus, the most abundant ixodid tick that bites humans in western Europe. We used a membrane-feeding technique to infect I. ricinus with B. henselae and demonstrate transmission of B. henselae within I. ricinus across developmental stages, migration or multiplication of B. henselae in salivary glands after a second meal, and transmission of viable and infective B. henselae from ticks to blood. These results provide evidence that I. ricinus is a competent vector for B. henselae.
Published: 2008
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9. Identification of parasitic communities within European ticks using next-generation sequencing.

Author: Sarah Bonnet, Lorraine Michelet, Sara Moutailler, Justine Cheval, Charles Hébert, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, and Marc Eloit
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Risk assessment of tick-borne and zoonotic disease emergence necessitates sound knowledge of the particular microorganisms circulating within the communities of these major vectors. Assessment of pathogens carried by wild ticks must be performed without a priori, to allow for the detection of new or unexpected agents.We evaluated the potential of Next-Generation Sequencing techniques (NGS) to produce an inventory of parasites carried by questing ticks. Sequences corresponding to parasites from two distinct genera were recovered in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Eastern France: Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Four Babesia species were identified, three of which were zoonotic: B. divergens, Babesia sp. EU1 and B. microti; and one which infects cattle, B. major. This is the first time that these last two species have been identified in France. This approach also identified new sequences corresponding to as-yet unknown organisms similar to tropical Theileria species.Our findings demonstrate the capability of NGS to produce an inventory of live tick-borne parasites, which could potentially be transmitted by the ticks, and uncovers unexpected parasites in Western Europe.
Published: 2014
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10. Next generation sequencing uncovers unexpected bacterial pathogens in ticks in western Europe.

Author: Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Sara Moutailler, Lorraine Michelet, Elodie Devillers, Sarah Bonnet, Justine Cheval, Charles Hébert, and Marc Eloit
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ticks are highly susceptible to global environmental and socio-economical changes. Several tick-borne pathogens have been reported in new geographical regions while new species, strains or genetic variants of tick-borne microorganisms are continually being detected. However, tick-borne pathogens are still poorly understood, and it is estimated that half of all human tick-borne disease has an unknown origin. Therefore in order to prevent these diseases, more effort is required to identify unknown or unexpected tick-borne pathogens. Ixodes ricinus is the vector for a broad range of bacterial pathogens and the most prevalent tick in Europe. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capability of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to extend the inventory of pathogenic bacteria carried by this species of tick in France. METHODS: RNA and DNA were extracted from 1450 I. ricinus questing nymphs collected by flagging in Alsace, France. RNA was pooled and used for NGS. Following de novo assembly, bacterial contigs were assigned to the closest known taxonomy. DNA was used for real time PCR to confirm taxonomic species assignment of NGS-derived contigs for the doubtful cases, and for determination of prevalence. RESULTS: We have generated a global in-depth picture of tick-borne bacteria. We identified RNA from the main pathogenic bacterial species known to be transmitted by I. ricinus. In addition we also identified unanticipated bacterial species for which we have estimated the prevalence within those ticks inhabiting the studied areas. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained from this study has proven that NGS has an enormous potential to detect the unexpected and provides the means to monitor pathogen occurrence.
Published: 2013
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11. Mosquito feeding assays to determine the infectiousness of naturally infected Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers.

Author: Teun Bousema, Rhoel R Dinglasan, Isabelle Morlais, Louis C Gouagna, Travis van Warmerdam, Parfait H Awono-Ambene, Sarah Bonnet, Mouctar Diallo, Mamadou Coulibaly, Timoléon Tchuinkam, Bert Mulder, Geoff Targett, Chris Drakeley, Colin Sutherland, Vincent Robert, Ogobara Doumbo, Yeya Touré, Patricia M Graves, Will Roeffen, Robert Sauerwein, Ashley Birkett, Emily Locke, Merribeth Morin, Yimin Wu, and Thomas S Churcher
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In the era of malaria elimination and eradication, drug-based and vaccine-based approaches to reduce malaria transmission are receiving greater attention. Such interventions require assays that reliably measure the transmission of Plasmodium from humans to Anopheles mosquitoes.WE COMPARED TWO COMMONLY USED MOSQUITO FEEDING ASSAY PROCEDURES: direct skin feeding assays and membrane feeding assays. Three conditions under which membrane feeding assays are performed were examined: assays with i) whole blood, ii) blood pellets resuspended with autologous plasma of the gametocyte carrier, and iii) blood pellets resuspended with heterologous control serum.930 transmission experiments from Cameroon, The Gambia, Mali and Senegal were included in the analyses. Direct skin feeding assays resulted in higher mosquito infection rates compared to membrane feeding assays (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.94-2.95) with evident heterogeneity between studies. Mosquito infection rates in membrane feeding assays and direct skin feeding assays were strongly correlated (p
Published: 2012
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12. Identification of Bartonella Trw host-specific receptor on erythrocytes.

Author: Hon Kuan Deng, Danielle Le Rhun, Evelyne Le Naour, Sarah Bonnet, and Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Each Bartonella species appears to be highly adapted to one or a limited number of reservoir hosts, in which it establishes long-lasting intraerythrocytic bacteremia as the hallmark of infection. Recently, we identified Trw as the bacterial system involved in recognition of erythrocytes according to their animal origin. The T4SS Trw is characterized by a multiprotein complex that spans the inner and outer bacterial membranes, and possesses a hypothetical pilus structure. TrwJ, I, H and trwL are present in variable copy numbers in different species and the multiple copies of trwL and trwJ in the Bartonella trw locus are considered to encode variant forms of surface-exposed pilus components. We therefore aimed to identify which of the candidate Trw pilus components were located on the bacterial surface and involved in adhesion to erythrocytes, together with their erythrocytic receptor. Using different technologies (electron microscopy, phage display, invasion inhibition assay, far western blot), we found that only TrwJ1 and TrwJ2 were expressed and localized at the cell surface of B. birtlesii and had the ability to bind to mouse erythrocytes, and that their receptor was band3, one of the major outer-membrane glycoproteins of erythrocytes, (anion exchanger). According to these results, we propose that the interaction between TrwJ1, TrwJ2 and band 3 leads to the critical host-specific adherence of Bartonella to its host cells, erythrocytes.
Published: 2012
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13. Zoonotic Transmission of Pathogens by Ixodes ricinus Ticks, Romania

Author: Oana Alina Paduraru, Jean Philippe Buffet, Martine Cote, Sarah Bonnet, Sarah Moutailler, Vlad Paduraru, Françoise Femenia, Marc Eloit, Gheorghe Savuta, and Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
Subjects: Ticks, pathogens, human, emerging, Ixodes ricinus, Romania, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2012
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14. Babesia sp. EU1 from Roe Deer and Transmission within Ixodes ricinus

Author: Sarah Bonnet, Maggy Jouglin, Monique L’Hostis, and Alain Chauvin
Subjects: Zoonosis, babesiosis, Babesia sp. EU1, Ixodes ricinus, roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: We report in vitro culture of zoonotic Babesia sp. EU1 from blood samples of roe deer in France. This study provides evidence of transovarial and transstadial transmission of the parasite within Ixodes ricinus, which suggests that this tick could be a vector and reservoir of EU1.
Published: 2007
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15. Reduced Venetoclax Exposition to Seven Days of Azacitidine Is Efficient in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author: Christophe Willekens, Samy Chraibi, Justine Decroocq, Benjamin Carpentier, Delphine Lebon, Sarah Bonnet, Nicolas Gauthier, Arnaud Pagès, Matteo Dragani, Sabine Khalife-Hachem, Jean-Baptiste Micol, Florence Pasquier, Stefan Wickenhauser, Véronique Saada, Véronique Vergé, Ahmadreza Arbab, Christophe Marzac, Laurent Pascal, Damien Roos-Weil, Eric Jourdan, Didier Bouscary, Stéphane de Botton, Cellules souches hématopoïétiques et développement des hémopathies myéloïdes (CSHMyelo), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Amiens-Picardie, HEMATIM - Hématopoïèse et immunologie - UR UPJV 4666 (HEMATIM), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSERM UMR 1287 Département d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Dynamique moléculaire de la transformation hématopoïétique (Dynamo), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Département de biologie et pathologie médicales [Gustave Roussy], Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

16. TUMOSPEC: A Nation-Wide Study of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Families with a Predicted Pathogenic Variant Identified through Multigene Panel Testing

Author: Celine Garrec, Monique Mozelle-Nivoix, Jérôme Lemonnier, Etienne Rouleau, Tan Dat Nguyen, Dominique Vaur, Elodie Lacaze, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Sophie Nambot, Jean Chiesa, Sophie Giraud, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Michel Longy, Alain Lortholary, Jean-Marc Rey, Olivier Caron, Christine Lasset, Claude Houdayer, Christine Maugard, Virginie Bubien, Véronique Mari, Marie-Emmanuelle Morin-Meschin, Nadine Andrieu, Nancy Uhrhammer, Louise Crivelli, Hélène Dreyfus, Vincent Goussot, Stephanie Chieze-Valéro, Nicolas Sevenet, Lisa Golmard, Séverine Eon-Marchais, Mathilde Martinez, Isabelle Coupier, Marie-Gabrielle Dondon, Odile Béra, Paul Vilquin, Capucine Delnatte, Odile Cohen-Haguenauer, Cornel Popovici, Christine Toulas, Laurence Gladieff, Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame, Chrystelle Colas, Paul Gesta, Catherine Noguès, Fanny Brayotel, Audrey Mailliez, Fabienne Lesueur, Julie Tinat, Marie Bidart, Yves-Jean Bignon, Florence Coulet, Nadia Boutry-Kryza, Fabienne Prieur, Juana Beauvallet, Philippe Denizeau, Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Institut Curie [Paris]-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Curie [Paris], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Génétique (Biologie pathologie), Département de biologie et pathologie médicales [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Jean Godinot [Reims], UNICANCER, Centre Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Centre Paul Strauss, CRLCC Paul Strauss, Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], Actions for OnCogenesis understanding and Target Identification in ONcology (ACTION), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Centre Hospitalier Georges Renon [Niort] (CH Georges Renon Niort), Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute (GIMI), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Antoine Lacassagne [Nice] (UNICANCER/CAL), UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), CHU de Saint-Étienne Hôpital Nord [Saint Etienne], Hôpital Nord (Saint Etienne), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Centre Catherine-de-Sienne [Nantes] (CCS), Hôpital privé du Confluent [Nantes], Institut Sainte Catherine [Avignon], hôpital couple-enfant [CHU Grenoble Alpes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier de Troyes, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est (GHE), Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Hôpital Sud [CHU Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques (IMoST), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), Immunologie humaine, physiopathologie & immunothérapie (HIPI (UMR_S_976 / U976)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CRLCC René Gauducheau, Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre médical de Bligny, Onco-génétique, Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], COLO, Mouniati, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de médecine génomique et d’immunothérapie (Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute) (institut GIMI), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-FHU TRANSLAD (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Lille-UNICANCER, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-FHU TRANSLAD (CHU de Dijon), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Sequencing data, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Context (language use), [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, 030105 genetics & heredity, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Care plan, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, RC254-282, Genetic testing, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, genetic predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, multigene panels, Cancer risk, Ovarian cancer, business, cancer risk estimate, penetrance of pathogenic variants
Abstract: Simple Summary TUMOSPEC was designed for estimating the risk of cancer for carriers of a predicted pathogenic variant (PPV) in a gene usually tested in a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer context. Index cases are enrolled consecutively among patients who undergo genetic testing as part of their care plan in France. First- and second-degree relatives and cousins of PPV carriers are invited to participate whether they are affected by cancer or not, and are tested for the familial PPV. Genetic, clinical, family and epidemiological data are centralized at the coordinating centre. The three-year feasibility study included 4431 prospective index cases, with 19.1% of them carrying a PPV. This showed that the study logistics are well adapted to clinical and laboratory constraints, and collaboration between partners (clinicians, biologists, coordinating centre and participants) is smooth. Hence, TUMOSPEC is being pursued, with the aim of optimizing clinical management guidelines specific to each gene. Abstract Assessment of age-dependent cancer risk for carriers of a predicted pathogenic variant (PPV) is often hampered by biases in data collection, with a frequent under-representation of cancer-free PPV carriers. TUMOSPEC was designed to estimate the cumulative risk of cancer for carriers of a PPV in a gene that is usually tested in a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer context. Index cases are enrolled consecutively among patients who undergo genetic testing as part of their care plan in France. First- and second-degree relatives and cousins of PPV carriers are invited to participate whether they are affected by cancer or not, and genotyped for the familial PPV. Clinical, family and epidemiological data are collected, and all data including sequencing data are centralized at the coordinating centre. The three-year feasibility study included 4431 prospective index cases, with 19.1% of them carrying a PPV. When invited by the coordinating centre, 65.3% of the relatives of index cases (5.7 relatives per family, on average) accepted the invitation to participate. The study logistics were well adapted to clinical and laboratory constraints, and collaboration between partners (clinicians, biologists, coordinating centre and participants) was smooth. Hence, TUMOSPEC is being pursued, with the aim of optimizing clinical management guidelines specific to each gene.
Published: 2021

17. Mechanical transmission of African swine fever virus by Stomoxys calcitrans : Insights from a mechanistic model

Author: Florence Etore, Nick De Regge, Emilie Bouhsira, Sarah Bonnet, Timothée Vergne, Elsa Quillery, Laurence Vial, Ferran Jori, Claude Saegerman, Mathieu Andraud, Johanna Fite, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Laetitia Lempereur, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Marc Desquesnes, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: pig, Stable fly, Virus peste porcine africaine, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sus scrofa, L73 - Maladies des animaux, law.invention, 0403 veterinary science, Porcin, law, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Infectious dose, Muscidae, transmission, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, African Swine Fever Virus, Domestic pig, Transmission (mechanics), Vecteur de maladie, Maladie des animaux, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, 040301 veterinary sciences, Zoology, Context (language use), Stomoxys, stable fly, African swine fever virus, Stomoxys calcitrans, ASF, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, African Swine Fever, Transmission des maladies, 030304 developmental biology, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, fungi, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, Maladie transmise par vecteur, Insect Vectors, Modélisation, Vector (epidemiology), control, vector
Abstract: This assessment was conducted by the ad hoc working group ‘ASF vectors’ of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses).; International audience; African swine fever (ASF) represents a global threat with huge economic consequences for the swine industry. Even though direct contact is likely to be the main transmission route from infected to susceptible hosts, recent epidemiological investigations have raised questions regarding the role of haematophagous arthropods, in particular the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). In this study, we developed a mechanistic vector-borne transmission model for ASF virus (ASFV) within an outdoor domestic pig farm in order to assess the relative contribution of stable flies to the spread of the virus. The model was fitted to the ecology of the vector, its blood-feeding behaviour and pig-to-pig transmission dynamic. Model outputs suggested that in a context of low abundance (
Published: 2021

18. An expert opinion assessment of blood‐feeding arthropods based on their capacity to transmit African swine fever virus in Metropolitan France

Author: Laurence Vial, Emilie Bouhsira, Johanna Fite, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Claude Saegerman, Timothée Vergne, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Florence Etore, Laetitia Lempereur, Elsa Quillery, Sarah Bonnet, Nick De Regge, Ferran Jori, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé
Subjects: pig, Stable fly, Virus peste porcine africaine, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sus scrofa, Disease Vectors, arthropods, vectorial capacity, L73 - Maladies des animaux, 0403 veterinary science, Aedes, fleas, Tabanidae, Swine Diseases, 0303 health sciences, Enquête, biology, Haematopinus suis, Muscidae, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, lice, African Swine Fever Virus, Culex, Vecteur de maladie, African swine fever (ASF), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, blood-feeding vector, Stomoxysflies, France, culicoides, wild boar, Arthropoda, 040301 veterinary sciences, Stomoxys, Mosquito Vectors, virus, literature [EN], African swine fever virus, Stomoxys calcitrans, 03 medical and health sciences, Wild boar, biology.animal, Anopheles, Phthiraptera, soft ticks, Animals, African Swine Fever, Ornithodoros, 030304 developmental biology, mosquitoes, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, vectorial competence, Expert elicitation, hard ticks, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Blood feeding, Insect Vectors, Metropolitan France, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, sand flies, Demography
Abstract: This assessment was conducted by the ad hoc working group ‘ASF vectors' of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses).; International audience; To deal with the limited literature data on the vectorial capacity of blood-feeding arthropods (BFAs) and their role in the transmission of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Metropolitan France, a dedicated working group of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety performed an expert knowledge elicitation. In total, 15 different BFAs were selected as potential vectors by the ad hoc working group involved. Ten criteria were considered to define the vectorial capacity: vectorial competence, current abundance, expected temporal abundance, spatial distribution, longevity, biting rate, active dispersal capacity, trophic preferences forSuidae, probability of contact with domestic pigs and probability of contact with wild boar. Fourteen experts participated to the elicitation. For each BFA, experts proposed a score (between 0 and 3) for each of the above criteria with an index of uncertainty (between 1 and 4). Overall, all experts gave a weight for all criteria (by distributing 100 marbles). A global weighted sum of score per BFA was calculated permitting to rank the different BFAs in decreasing order. Finally, a regression tree analysis was used to group those BFAs with comparable likelihood to play a role in ASF transmission. Out of the ten considered criteria, the experts indicated vectorial competence, abundance and biting rate as the most important criteria. In the context of Metropolitan France, the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) was ranked as the most probable BFA to be a vector of ASFV, followed by lice (Haematopinus suis), mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex and Anopheles),Culicoides and Tabanidea. Since scientific knowledge on their vectorial competence for ASF is scarce and associated uncertainty on expert elicitation moderate to high, more studies are however requested to investigate the potential vector role of these BFAs could have in ASFV spread, starting with Stomoxys calcitrans.
Published: 2021

19. Update on the intricate tango between tick microbiomes and tick‐borne pathogens

Author: Thomas Pollet, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, commensals, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Tick, Environmental stress, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tick borne, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Microbiome, Symbiosis, symbionts, biology, Animal health, Bacteria, Transmission (medicine), Microbiota, Fungi, pathogens, interactions, biology.organism_classification, Commensalism, bacterial infections and mycoses, tick microbiomes, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Tick-Borne Diseases, Parasitology, tick-borne pathogens
Abstract: International audience; The recent development of high-throughput NGS technologies, (ie, next-generation sequencing) has highlighted the complexity of tick microbial communities—which include pathogens, symbionts, and commensals—and also their dynamic variability. Symbionts and commensals can confer crucial and diverse benefits to their hosts, playing nutritional roles or affecting fitness, development, nutrition, reproduction, defence against environmental stress and immunity. Nonpathogenic tick bacteria may also play a role in modifying tick-borne pathogen colonization and transmission, as relationships between microorganisms existing together in one environment can be competitive, exclusive, facilitating or absent, with many potential implications for both human and animal health. Consequently, ticks represent a compelling yet challenging system in which to investigate the composition and both the functional and ecological implications of tick bacterial communities, and thus merits greater attention. Ultimately, deciphering the relationships between microorganisms carried by ticks as well as symbiont‑tick interactions will garner invaluable information, which may aid in some future arthropod‑pest and vector-borne pathogen transmission control strategies. This review outlines recent research on tick microbiome composition and dynamics, highlights elements favouring the reciprocal influence of the tick microbiome and tick-borne agents and finally discusses how ticks and tick-borne diseases might potentially be controlled through tick microbiome manipulation in the future.
Published: 2021

20. Failed Disruption of Tick Feeding, Viability, and Molting after Immunization of Mice and Sheep with Recombinant Ixodes ricinus Salivary Proteins IrSPI and IrLip1

Author: Martine Cote, Ladislav Šimo, Sarah Bonnet, Sandy Peltier, Jennifer Maye, Consuelo Almazán, Nicolas Versillé, Jennifer Richardson, Sabine Rakotobe, Lisa Fourniol, Jeremie Bornères, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Air Liquide Healthcare, Air Liquide [Siège Social], Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ERGANEO (ex SATTIdF Innov), Animal Health Department of INRAE, Ceva Santé Animale, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Ixodes ricinus, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, lcsh:Medicine, salivary proteins, Tick, Microbiology, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Drug Discovery, parasitic diseases, Pharmacology (medical), Pathogen, Pharmacology, biology, lcsh:R, Ricinus, fungi, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Vaccination, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunization, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, anti-tick vaccination
Abstract: To identify potential vaccine candidates against Ixodes ricinus and tick-borne pathogen transmission, we have previously sequenced the salivary gland transcriptomes of female ticks infected or not with Bartonella henselae. The hypothesized potential of both IrSPI (I. ricinus serine protease inhibitor) and IrLip1 (I. ricinus lipocalin 1) as protective antigens decreasing tick feeding and/or the transmission of tick-borne pathogens was based on their presumed involvement in dampening the host immune response to tick feeding. Vaccine endpoints included tick larval and nymphal mortality, feeding, and molting in mice and sheep. Whether the antigens were administered individually or in combination, the vaccination of mice or sheep elicited a potent antigen-specific antibody response. However, and contrary to our expectations, vaccination failed to afford protection against the infestation of mice and sheep by I. ricinus nymphs and larvae, respectively. Rather, vaccination with IrSPI and IrLip1 appeared to enhance tick engorgement and molting and decrease tick mortality. To the best of our knowledge, these observations represent the first report of induction of vaccine-mediated enhancement in relation to anti-tick vaccination.
Published: 2020
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21. Putative Role of Arthropod Vectors in African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in Relation to Their Bio-Ecological Properties

Author: Elsa Quillery, Emilie Bouhsira, Johanna Fite, Timothée Vergne, Nick De Regge, Claude Saegerman, Sarah Bonnet, Florence Etore, Laetitia Lempereur, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Laurence Vial, Ferran Jori, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Virus peste porcine africaine, Swine, Biosecurity, Sus scrofa, lcsh:QR1-502, Phlebotominae, Disease, Review, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Ceratopogonidae, lcsh:Microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, fleas, Tabanidae, biology, Ecology, Muscidae, Arthropod Vectors, transmission, Culicoides, lice, 3. Good health, Vecteur de maladie, Infectious Diseases, Geography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Siphonaptera, Argasidae, France, Indirect Transmission, Farms, Arthropoda, Ixodidae, 030231 tropical medicine, African swine fever virus, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, Wild boar, Virology, biology.animal, Phthiraptera, Animals, African Swine Fever, Arthropods, Transmission des maladies, Ecosystem, mosquitoes, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biting flies, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, Metropolitan France, Culicidae, 030104 developmental biology, Écologie animale, sand flies, Arthropod Vector
Abstract: This review was conducted by the ad hoc working expert group “ASF vectors” of the French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses). Opinion 2019-SA-0028.; International audience; African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important diseases in Suidae due to its significant health and socioeconomic consequences and represents a major threat to the European pig industry, especially in the absence of any available treatment or vaccine. In fact, with its high mortality rate and the subsequent trade restrictions imposed on affected countries, ASF can dramatically disrupt the pig industry in afflicted countries. In September 2018, ASF was unexpectedly identified in wild boars from southern Belgium in the province of Luxembourg, not far from the Franco-Belgian border. The French authorities rapidly commissioned an expert opinion on the risk of ASF introduction and dissemination into metropolitan France. In Europe, the main transmission routes of the virus comprise direct contact between infected and susceptible animals and indirect transmission through contaminated material or feed. However, the seasonality of the disease in some pig farms in Baltic countries, including outbreaks in farms with high biosecurity levels, have led to questions on the possible involvement of arthropods in the transmission of the virus. This review explores the current body of knowledge on the most common arthropod families present in metropolitan France. We examine their potential role in spreading ASF—by active biological or mechanical transmission or by passive transport or ingestion—in relation to their bio-ecological properties. It also highlights the existence of significant gaps in our knowledge on vector ecology in domestic and wild boar environments and in vector competence for ASFV transmission. Filling these gaps is essential to further understanding ASF transmission in order to thus implement appropriate management measures.
Published: 2020

22. FLASH Irradiation Spares Lung Progenitor Cells and Limits the Incidence of Radio-induced Senescence

Author: Hamza Umut Karakurt, Charles Fouillade, Mylène Bohec, Sandra Curras-Alonso, Arturo Londoño-Vallejo, Eddy Quelennec, Lorena Giuranno, Sophie Heinrich, Vincent Favaudon, Marie Dutreix, Marc Vooijs, Arnaud Beddok, Sophie Leboucher, Pierre Verrelle, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Sylvain Baulande, Dynamique de l'information génétique : bases fondamentales et cancer (DIG CANCER), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU), RS: GROW - R2 - Basic and Translational Cancer Biology, Promovendi ODB, Radiotherapie, and MUMC+: MA Radiotherapie OC (9)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, Cancer Research, Telomerase, PROMOTES, DNA damage, TELOMERE, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Humans, RNA-Seq, Progenitor cell, Lung, Cellular Senescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mice, Knockout, Stem Cells, Regeneration (biology), Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, 53BP1, Telomere, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MICE, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, Cell culture, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Toxicity, Cancer research, RNA, RADIATION, Female, Single-Cell Analysis, STEM-CELLS
Abstract: Purpose: One of the main limitations to anticancer radiotherapy lies in irreversible damage to healthy tissues located within the radiation field. “FLASH” irradiation at very high dose-rate is a new treatment modality that has been reported to specifically spare normal tissue from late radiation-induced toxicity in animal models and therefore could be a promising strategy to reduce treatment toxicity. Experimental Design: Lung responses to FLASH irradiation were investigated by qPCR, single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-Seq), and histologic methods during the acute wound healing phase as well as at late stages using C57BL/6J wild-type and Terc−/− mice exposed to bilateral thorax irradiation as well as human lung cells grown in vitro. Results: In vitro studies gave evidence of a reduced level of DNA damage and induced lethality at the advantage of FLASH. In mouse lung, sc-RNA-seq and the monitoring of proliferating cells revealed that FLASH minimized the induction of proinflammatory genes and reduced the proliferation of progenitor cells after injury. At late stages, FLASH-irradiated lungs presented less persistent DNA damage and senescent cells than after CONV exposure, suggesting a higher potential for lung regeneration with FLASH. Consistent with this hypothesis, the beneficial effect of FLASH was lost in Terc−/− mice harboring critically short telomeres and lack of telomerase activity. Conclusions: The results suggest that, compared with conventional radiotherapy, FLASH minimizes DNA damage in normal cells, spares lung progenitor cells from excessive damage, and reduces the risk of replicative senescence.
Published: 2020

23. Multiple Antigenic Peptide-Based Vaccines Targeting Ixodes ricinus Neuropeptides Induce a Specific Antibody Response but Do Not Impact Tick Infestation

Author: Nicolas Versillé, Martine Cote, Ladislav Šimo, Consuelo Almazán, Lisa Fourniol, Sabine Rakotobe, Sarah Bonnet, Jennifer Richardson, Jennifer Maye, Sandy Peltier, Jeremie Bornères, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Air Liquide Healthcare, Air Liquide [Siège Social], Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ERGANEO (ex SATTIdF Innov), CEVA SantéAnimale, Animal Health Department of INRAE, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Ixodes ricinus, Tick infestation, SIFamide, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Tick, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Immunity, parasitic diseases, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Anaplasma, Nymph, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, lcsh:R, vaccines, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, MIP, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunology, multiple antigenic peptides
Abstract: International audience; Synthetic peptide vaccines were designed to target the neuropeptides innervating Ixodes ricinus salivary glands and hindgut and they were tested for their capacity to afford protective immunity against nymphs or larvae and Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected nymph infestation, in mice and sheep, respectively. In both models, the assembly of SIFamide (SIFa) or myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) neuropeptides into multiple antigenic peptide constructs (MAPs) elicited a robust IgG antibody response following immunization. Nevertheless, no observable detrimental impact on nymphs was evidenced in mice, and, unfortunately, the number of engorged nymphs on sheep was insufficient for firm conclusions to be drawn, including for bacterial transmission. Regarding larvae, while vaccination of the sheep did not globally diminish tick feeding success or development, analyses of animals at the individual level revealed a negative correlation between anti-SIFa and MIP antibody levels and larva-to-nymph molting success for both antigens. Our results provide a proof of principle and precedent for the use of MAPs for the induction of immunity against tick peptide molecules. Although the present study did not provide the expected level of protection, it inaugurates a new strategy for protection against ticks based on the immunological targeting of key components of their nervous system.
Published: 2020

24. Abstract P6-08-12: Feasibility of a nation-wide family-based study to assess cancer risks in families with a predicted pathogenic variant identified through hereditary breast and ovary multi-gene panel testing: The TUMOSPEC study

Author: Marie-Gabrielle Dondon, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Christine Lasset, Claude Houdayer, Florence Coulet, Nadine Andrieu, Chrystelle Colas, Olivier Caron, Fabienne Lesueur, Catherine Noguès, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Séverine Eon-Marchais, Jérôme Lemonnier, Juana Beauvallet, Dominique Vaur, Michel Longy, Capucine Delnatte, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Département de médecine oncologique [Gustave Roussy], Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre René Gauducheau, CRLCC René Gauducheau, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNICANCER, Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Immuno-hématologie clinique [Hôpital Sainte Marguerite - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU), TUMOSPEC Investigators Group, UNICANCER Groupe Génétique et Cancer, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), and Dupuis, Christine
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, PALB2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cancer, Context (language use), medicine.disease, Penetrance, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Breast cancer, Oncology, Family medicine, medicine, Sample collection, Family history, business, CHEK2
Abstract: Background. Assessment of the age-dependent cancer risk conferred by germline predicted pathogenic variants (PPV) in cancer susceptibility genes is often hampered by the way the data are collected. Cohort-based data frequently contain an overrepresentation of patients carrying a gene variant of interest and an underrepresentation of cancer-free gene variant carriers. In order to overcome this problem, penetrance estimates can be grounded on family-based study designs, through the evaluation of index patients (IP) and their family relatives. The purpose of the TUMOSPEC study is to estimate the penetrance of PPV in genes whose literature data are currently inaccurate or limited and to determine their associated tumour spectrum. This will lead to an appropriate assessment of the clinical utility of testing these genes. Methods. IP are enrolled consecutively among patients who are being offered a germline genetic test in a hereditary breast and ovary cancer (HBOC) context in a participating cancer genetics clinics. A panel of 24 genes (ATM, BAP1, BARD1, BRIP1, CHEK2, FANCM, FAM175A, MRE11A, NBN, STK11, RINT1, XRCC2, PALB2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, CDH1, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, TP53) is tested in parallel of BRCA1 and BRCA2. If a PPV is identified, the IP is asked to give her/his first- and second-degree relatives and cousins address, regardless of their health status. Each relative is then contacted by the study coordinating centre (CC) to be invited. Each participant completes an epidemiological questionnaire addressing personal medical history and exposure to various risk factors, and provides a saliva sample to determine if he/she carries the familial PPV. The CC collects questionnaires, family history, clinical and genetic data. Results. Enrolment for the feasibility study takes place between Sep. 2017 and Dec. 2019 at each of the 46 participating french clinics. In June 2019, the study included 3,298 IP. So far, the CC received 1,241 TUMOSPEC panel results (37.6%) with a mean delay of 5 months [0.7 -17.5]. Among them, 169 carried a PPV in at least one of the genes (totalizing 183 PPV). Additionally, 44 IP with PPV identified beforehand were enrolled (table 1). Relatives’ invitation of these 213 IP began in June 2018. Among the relatives of the first 29 index cases contacted so far, 4.6 relatives per family consented to participate. Conclusions. The feasibility study showed that inclusion process is well adapted and that the communication between the various partners (clinicians, biologists, investigators and study participants) is quite smooth. Rates of inclusion for invited relatives (50%), for IP questionnaire completion (45%) and relatives biological sample collection (50%) are also very satisfactory and yet underestimated due to the recent start of relatives inclusions. Overall, this study shows that it is feasible to conduct a large-scale study to gather sufficient number of positive families for each gene included in the panel in a reasonable interval of time. This on-going national effort will allow to appropriately assess cancer risks cancer in families with a PPV in a gene often included in HBOC multi-gene panels. This is an essential step to optimize clinical management guidelines specific to each gene, and will represent a valuable resource for future research on the genetics of breast and ovary cancers. Number of PPV identified in IPGeneATMCHEK2PALB2RAD51CBRIP1RAD51DMSH6RAD50PMS2MRE11ANBNMSH2MLH1CDH1BARD1TP53STK11XRCC2RINT1BAP1RAD51BFAM175AFANCMPTENNumber of PPV512019161111111010999865544322110 Citation Format: Olivier Caron, Séverine Eon-Marchais, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Juana Beauvallet, Marie-Gabrielle Dondon, Chrystelle Colas, Florence Coulet, Capucine Delnatte, Claude Houdayer, Christine Lasset, Jérôme Lemonnier, Michel Longy, Catherine Nogues, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique Vaur, Fabienne Lesueur, Nadine Andrieu, TUMOSPEC Investigators Group, UNICANCER Groupe Génétique et Cancer. Feasibility of a nation-wide family-based study to assess cancer risks in families with a predicted pathogenic variant identified through hereditary breast and ovary multi-gene panel testing: The TUMOSPEC study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-12.
Published: 2019

25. The Immunomodulatory Effect of IrSPI, a Tick Salivary Gland Serine Protease Inhibitor Involved in Ixodes ricinus Tick Feeding

Author: Eric Prina, Jennifer Richardson, Ladislav Šimo, Anthony Relmy, Sandra Blaise-Boisseau, Fabienne Fasani, Maud Marsot, Sébastien Brûlé, Bernard Le Bonniec, Catherine Grillon, Sarah Bonnet, Adrien A. Blisnick, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biophysique Moléculaire (Plate-forme), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innovations thérapeutiques en hémostase (IThEM - U1140), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Parasitologie moléculaire et Signalisation / Molecular Parasitology and Signaling, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), This work was supported by INRA and by a Ph.D. grant for AAB from both ANSES and the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food (DGER)., Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, and GRILLON, Catherine
Subjects: lymphocytes, Ixodes ricinus, T cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, serine protease inhibitor, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Tick, anti-tick vaccine, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Tissue factor, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], parasitic diseases, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], medicine, tick-host-pathogen interactions, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], 030304 developmental biology, Serine protease, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ricinus, lcsh:R, immunomodulator, [SDV.MHEP.DERM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, macrophages, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, Cytokine secretion, tick–host–pathogen interactions, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, ixodes ricinus
Abstract: Ticks are the most important vectors of pathogens affecting both domestic and wild animals worldwide. Hard tick feeding is a slow process&mdash, taking up to several days&mdash, and necessitates extended control over the host response. The success of the feeding process depends upon injection of tick saliva, which not only controls host hemostasis and wound healing, but also subverts the host immune response to avoid tick rejection that creates a favorable niche for the survival and propagation of diverse tick-borne pathogens. Here, we report on the molecular and biochemical features and functions of an Ixodes ricinus serine protease inhibitor (IrSPI). We characterize IrSPI as a Kunitz elastase inhibitor that is overexpressed in several tick organs&mdash, especially salivary glands&mdash, during blood-feeding. We also demonstrated that when IrSPI is injected into the host through saliva, it had no impact on tissue factor pathway-induced coagulation, fibrinolysis, endothelial cell angiogenesis or apoptosis, but the protein exhibits immunomodulatory activity. In particular, IrSPI represses proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes and proinflammatory cytokine secretion from both splenocytes and macrophages. Our study contributes valuable knowledge to tick-host interactions and provides insights that could be further exploited to design anti-tick vaccines targeting this immunomodulator implicated in I. ricinus feeding.
Published: 2019

26. Discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy in adult neutropenic haematology patients: A prospective cohort

Author: Loïc Renaud, Jean-Baptiste Bossard, Zoé Van de Wyngaert, Sarah Barbieux, Alexandre Willaume, Guillaume Escure, Claire Bories, Bruno Quesnel, Serge Alfandari, Marie Titecat, Morgane Nudel, Céline Berthon, Sarah Bonnet, Benjamin Carpentier, Houria Debarri, Paul Chauvet, Ines Arib, Nicolas Branche, Arthur Simonnet, Kevin James Wattebled, Charline Legrand, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), and Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neutropenia, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, Cefepime, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Fever of Unknown Origin, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Fever of unknown origin, Prospective cohort study, Aged, First episode, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Discontinuation, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Withholding Treatment, Female, business, Febrile neutropenia, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives Antibiotics for febrile neutropenia (FN) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy are usually maintained until neutropenia resolution, because of the risk of uncontrolled sepsis in this vulnerable population. This leads to unnecessarily prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Methods Based on ECIL-4 recommendations, we modified our management strategy and discontinued antibiotics after a pre-established duration in patients treated for a first episode of FN between August 2014 and October 2017. Results Antibiotics were stopped during 62 FN episodes, and maintained in the control group (n = 13). Median age of patients was 54 years. A total of 39 (63%) patients received induction and 23 (37%) consolidation chemotherapy; 36 (58%) patients had fever of unknown origin. Median neutropenia length was 26 days (IQR 24–30). Antibiotics were started at day 9 (IQR 5–13). Most patients received piperacillin-tazobactam (56%) or cefepime (32%). Antimicrobial therapy was longer in the control group than in the policy compliant group, 10 (IQR 7–16) vs. 19 days (IQR 15–23), P = 0.0001. After antibiotics discontinuation, 20% patients experienced fever recurrence, within 5.5 days (IQR 3–7.5). None of these febrile episodes were severe and 80% patients remained afebrile, with neutrophil recovery occurring within 5 days (IQR 2–8.5). Overall, 287 antibiotics days were spared; this represents 49% of all days with antibiotics. No patient had died at day 30 from intervention; six died during late follow-up, two from graft-versus-host disease and four from relapsed or refractory leukaemia. Conclusions Discontinuing antibiotics in neutropenic AML patients treated for a first episode of FN is safe, and results in significant antibiotic sparing.
Published: 2019

27. Handling the Microbial Complexity Associated to Ticks

Author: Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Sara Moutailler, Thomas Pollet, Eleonore Allain, Agustín Estrada-Peña, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Sydney, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Moutailler, Sara
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL, Biology, high-throughput technologies, network analysis, ticks, microbiota, tick-borne pathogens, 03 medical and health sciences, Data_FILES, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. In the last years, high-throughput detection and sequencing technologies (HTT) have revealed that individual ticks carry a high diversity of microorganisms, including pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Despite several studies have contributed to the availability of a catalog of microorganisms associated to different tick species, major limitations and challenges remain ahead HTT studies to acquire further insights on the microbial complexity associated to ticks. Currently, using next generation sequencing (NGS), bacteria genera (or higher taxonomic levels) can be recorded; however, species identification remains problematic which in turn affects pathogen detection using NGS. Microfluidic PCR, a high-throughput detection technology, can detect up to 96 different pathogen species, and its combination with NGS might render interesting insights into pathogen-microbiota co-occurrence patterns. Microfluidic PCR, however, is also limited because detection of pathogen strains has not been implemented, and therefore, putative associations among bacterial genotypes are currently unknown. Combining NGS and microfluidic PCR data may prove challenging. Here, we review the impact of some HTT applied to tick microbiology research and propose network analysis as an integrative data analysis benchmark to unravel the structure and significance of microbial communities associated to ticks in different ecosystems.
Published: 2019

28. Characterization of IrSPI, a tick serine protease inhibitor involved in tick feeding and in bacterial infection of salivary glands

Author: Adrien Blisnick, Jennifer Richardson, Grégory Caignard, Ladislav Simo, Le Bonniec Bernard, Sandrine Lacour, Evelyne Le Naour, Martine Cote, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), ProdInra, Migration, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

29. Tick saliva and Its role in pathogen transmission

Author: Jennifer Richardson, Ladislav Šimo, Sarah Bonnet, Mária Kazimírová, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Zoology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Saliva, biology, Host (biology), Transmission (medicine), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Context (language use), Tick, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, parasitic diseases, Helminths, Protozoa, Pathogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Ticks are major vectors of pathogens affecting both humans and animals worldwide and surpass all other arthropods in the variety of microorganisms—including viruses, bacteria, and parasites (protozoa and helminths)—they are able to transmit. They are strict hematophagous arthropods and pool feeders, ingesting all the fluids that are exuded into the wound generated by the bite. For most tick-borne pathogens (TBP), transmission occurs via the saliva injected alternately with blood uptake during the tick bite. This saliva is secreted by the tick salivary glands, which are implicated in several other functions that are essential to tick biology and development. Saliva is an essential bio-fluid for ticks, which dampens host defenses and facilitates the flow of blood to assure adequate feeding. It exhibits cytolytic, vasodilator, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive activities that, in addition, to underpinning blood feeding, provide a favorable context for transmission, survival, and propagation of TBP.
Published: 2018

30. A versatile model of hard tick infestation on laboratory rabbits

Author: Consuelo Almazán, Sarah Bonnet, Yoonseong Park, Ladislav Šimo, Mirko Slovák, Martine Cote, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Zoology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Department of Entomology, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Multiple stages, Tick infestation, animal recovery, Ixodidae, Computer science, General Chemical Engineering, capsule, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rabbit, Successful completion, Tick, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Laboratory, medicine, Animals, Short duration, Life Cycle Stages, Sheep, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, issue 140, Extramural, business.industry, General Neuroscience, jacket, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Tick Infestations, 030104 developmental biology, Embedded system, Models, Animal, Rabbits, business, glue, feeding, Hard ticks
Abstract: International audience; The use of live animals in tick research is crucial for a variety of experimental purposes including the maintenance of hard tick colonies in the laboratory. In ticks, all developmental stages (except egg) are hematophagous, and acquiring a blood-meal when attached to their vertebrate hosts is essential for the successful completion of their life cycle. Here we demonstrate a simple method that uses easily openable capsules for feeding of hard ticks on rabbits. The advantages of the proposed method include its simplicity, short duration and most importantly versatile adjustment to the needs of specific experimental requirements. The method makes possible the use of multiple chambers (of various sizes) on the same animal, which permits feeding of multiple stages or different experimental groups while reducing the overall animal requirement. The non-irritating and easily accessible materials used minimizes discomfort to the animals, which can be easily recovered from an experiment and offered for adoption or reused if the ethical protocol allows it.
Published: 2018

31. Heterogeneous intratumoral distribution of gadolinium nanoparticles within U87 human glioblastoma xenografts unveiled by micro-PIXE imaging

Author: Richard Ortega, Frederic Pouzoulet, Asuncion Carmona, Stéphane Roudeau, Baptiste L'Homel, Yolanda Prezado, Sarah Bonnet-Boissinot, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC (UMR_8165)), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Micro pixe, Gadolinium, Biophysics, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanoparticle, Contrast Media, Mice, Nude, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Medical imaging, medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Distribution (pharmacology), Animals, Humans, Tissue Distribution, U87, Molecular Biology, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Cell Biology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Cancer Radiotherapy, Heterografts, Nanoparticles, Female, 0210 nano-technology, Glioblastoma
Abstract: International audience; Metallic nanoparticles have great potential in cancer radiotherapy as theranostic drugs since, they serve simultaneously as contrast agents for medical imaging and as radio-therapy sensitizers. As with other anticancer drugs, intratumoral diffusion is one of the main limiting factors for therapeutic efficiency. To date, a few reports have investigated the intratumoral distribution of metallic nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative distribution of gadolinium (Gd) nanoparticles after direct intratumoral injection within U87 human glioblastoma tumors grafted in mice, using micro-PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) imaging. AGuIX (Activation and Guiding of Irradiation by X-ray) 3 nm particles composed of a polysiloxane network surrounded by gadolinium chelates were used. PIXE results indicate that the direct injection of Gd nanoparticles in tumors results in their heterogeneous diffusion, probably related to variations in tumor density. All tumor regions contain Gd, but with markedly different concentrations, with a more than 250-fold difference. Also Gd can diffuse to the healthy adjacent tissue. This study highlights the usefulness of mapping the distribution of metallic nanoparticles at the intratumoral level, and proposes PIXE as an imaging modality to probe the quantitative distribution of metallic nanoparticles in tumors from experimental animal models with micrometer resolution.
Published: 2017

32. Tick species, tick-borne pathogens and symbionts in an insular environment off the coast of Western France

Author: Sara Moutailler, Elodie Devillers, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Alessandra Torina, Guy Joncour, Lorraine Michelet, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Société Nationale des Groupements Techniques Vétérinaires (SNGTV), Dipartimento Sanità Interprovinciale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, GTV Bretagne, Institut national de medecine agricole (INMA), Fondation Alfort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), the Animal Health department of INRA, European Network for Neglected Vectors and Vector-Borne Infections (COST Action) [TD1303], École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, DNA, Bacterial, Male, Ixodidae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Insular environment, Zoology, Tick, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, Borrelia, Theileria, parasitic diseases, Animals, Anaplasma, Dermacentor, Islands, Haemaphysalis, Tick-borne pathogens, biology, Bacteria, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Infectious Diseases, Rickettsia, Tick-Borne Diseases, Insect Science, Babesia, bacteria, Parasitology, Female, France, Animal Distribution
Abstract: Insular environments provide ideal natural conditions to study disease ecology, especially emerging diseases, due to clear differentiation between local and long-distance transmission. Such environments are of particular interest regarding tick-borne pathogens (TBP), since animal exchange with the mainland (along with any ticks they carry) is limited, and because such locations could lie on migratory routes for birds carrying ticks. Therefore both tick species and TBP may display different prevalence than those observed on the continent. As such, an epidemiological survey was performed on Belle-Ile-en-Mer, an island off the coast of Western France, in order to estimate the prevalence of tick species and the microorganisms they carried. Three tick species, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, and Haemaphysalis punctata were collected at five different sites in 2010 and 2011. All ticks were tested for pathogen's and symbiont's DNA by (i) PCR for Anaplasma spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp.; (ii) real-time PCR for Francisella tularensis, Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLE) and Coxiella spp. and (iii) PCR-RLB for Babesia-Theileria spp. Pathogen DNA detected in D. marginatus including Borrelia spp. (18%), Rickettsia spp. (13%) which was identified as R. slovaca, Babesia spp. (8%), and Theileria spp. (1%). Pathogens detected in D. reticulatus including Rickettsia spp. (31%) identified as R. raoulti, Francisella-like endosymbiont (86%), and Babesia spp (21%). Pathogens detected in H. punctata including Rickettsia spp. (1%) identified as R. aeschlimannii, FLE (0.4%), Babesia spp. (18%), and Theileria spp. (7%). Anaplasma spp., F. tularensis, or Coxiella spp. were not detected in any of the collected ticks. This study represents the first epidemiological survey of the insular Belle-Ile-en-Mer environment. It demonstrated the presence of expected pathogens, consistent with reports from island veterinarians or physicians, as well as unexpected pathogens, raising questions about their potential introduction through infected animals and/or their dispersion by migratory birds.
Published: 2016

33. Environmental factors influencing tick densities over seven years in a French suburban forest

Author: Martine Cote, Evelyne Le Naour, Richard Paul, Sarah Bonnet, Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), We gratefully thank all who participated in collecting ticks throughout the study: M. Chaumien, E. Devillers, F. Femenia, N. Galais,D.Huet,X.Liu,S.Moutailler,C.Reis and L. Simo. We are very grateful to Jean-Louis Chapuis for his critical reading ofthe manuscript. Thanks are also due to the 'Tiques et Maladies à Tiques' group (REID, Réseau Ecologie des Interactions Durables) for stimulating discussions., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Bonnet, Sarah, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ixodes ricinus, Forests, medicine.disease_cause, Population density, 0302 clinical medicine, Ticks, Longitudinal Studies, Rickettsia, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Tick-borne pathogens, biology, Ecology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Female, France, Longitudinal study, Bartonella, Climate impact, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Nymph, 030231 tropical medicine, Babesia, Borrelia miyamotoi, Tick, Peri-urban forest, Tick density, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Weather, Population Density, Ixodes, Borrelia, Research, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 030104 developmental biology, Rickettsia helvetica, 13. Climate action, Arachnid Vectors, Parasitology
Abstract: Background Worldwide changes in socio-economic and environmental factors and the global climate are recognised causes of variation in tick distribution and density. Thus it is of great importance that new studies address the changing risk of infection for exposed populations. In Europe, Ixodes ricinus ticks are the most common vectors of several pathogens impacting veterinary and public health that have colonised suburban habitats. Methods This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal I. ricinus questing densities and infection rates over 7 years in a French suburban forested area with high human population density. Ticks were collected in spring yearly between 2008 and 2014 and, out of a total of 8594 collected I. ricinus, a representative subset of adult females (n = 259) were individually examined for the presence of several pathogens via PCR. Results Nymph densities peaked in 2009–2011, and then declined in 2012–2014. Changes in monthly temperature only had a modest impact on this variation. In contrast, analysis revealed a complex intra-annual relationship between mean nymph density and both concurrent and lagged mean monthly temperatures. The following pathogens were detected in the studied area: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia helvetica, Babesia venatorum and B. divergens, Francisella tularensis, Borrelia miyamotoi, B. afzelii/valaisiana, B. garinii/lusitaniae and Bartonella spp. Conclusion Our findings reinforce the conclusion that ticks are important vectors of pathogenic microorganisms in suburban forests and suggest that despite complex intra-annual relationships between tick densities and temperature, there is no evidence for a climate-associated increase in infection risk over the 7-year period. Rather, tick densities are likely to be strongly influenced by population density fluctuations in vertebrate host species and wildlife management. Further detailed studies on the impact of climate change on tick population densities are required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1591-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2015

34. Infection of Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus barberi) with Borrelia sp. reveals a low reservoir competence under experimental conditions

Author: Jean-Louis Chapuis, Maud Marsot, Sébastien Masséglia, Thomas Lilin, Elisabeth Ferquel, Valérie Choumet, Sarah Bonnet, Gwenaël Vourc’h, Martine Cote, USC INRA Bartonella et Tiques, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre National de Référence des Borrelia (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by research funds from the Animal Health Department of INRA., Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Sciuridae, MESH: Lyme Disease, Ixodes ricinus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Animals, MESH: Borrelia burgdorferi Group, Bites and Stings, 0303 health sciences, Lyme Disease, biology, Sciuridae, Siberian chipmunk, 3. Good health, MESH: Bites and Stings, Europe, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Arachnid Vectors, MESH: Borrelia burgdorferi, Female, Nymph, Reservoir competence, Tick, Borrelia afzelii, Microbiology, MESH: Ixodes, 03 medical and health sciences, Borrelia burgdorferi Group, biology.animal, Borrelia, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Borrelia burgdorferi, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Reservoirs, Lyme borreliosis, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, Ixodes, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Nymph, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, Chipmunk, Insect Science, Parasitology, Arachnid Vectors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, MESH: Female, Xenodiagnosis
Abstract: International audience; Reservoir competence is a key parameter in understanding the role of host species in the epidemiology of multi-host-especially vector-borne-pathogens. With this aim in view, we studied the reservoir competence of the Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus barberi) recently introduced into Europe, for the multi-host tick-borne bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi sl, the agent of Lyme borreliosis. T. sibiricus were experimentally exposed to bites from Ixodes ricinus ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii, with subsequent assessment of bacteremia and antibody responses. Borrelia was detected in chipmunk blood samples, ear biopsies and organ necropsies, and in nymphs used for xenodiagnosis (at one and six months after the initial chipmunk infection) via both serological and molecular methods. In total, eight out of twelve chipmunks showed evidence of infection by Borrelia sp., either by ELISA or PCR. Five chipmunks developed an immune response against the bacteria one month after infection. Borrelia infection in at least one organ was observed in seven animals at 14, 38, 93 or 178 days post-infection. Xenodiagnosis was positive for one chipmunk at 38 days, but no longer at 178 days post-infection. Four chipmunks remained uninfected, despite similar infection pressures to those observed in the field. Taken together, these results suggest that chipmunks can be infected through Borrelia-infected tick bites, and can transmit Borrelia to nymphs, but do not remain persistently infected.
Published: 2015

35. Reliability of molecular host-identification methods for ticks: an experimental in vitro study with Ixodes ricinus

Author: Karen D. McCoy, Xiangye Liu, Valérie Noël, Sarah Bonnet, Elsa Léger, Sébastien Masséglia, Gwenaël Vourc’h, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Evolution Théorique et Expérimentale (MIVEGEC-ETE), Perturbations, Evolution, Virulence (PEV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution of host-microbe communities (MIVEGEC-EVCO), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), partial financial support was provided by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (programs OSCAR: ANR-11-AGRO- 0001-04, ESPEVEC: ANR-13-BSV7-0018-01), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UEA), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie
Subjects: Erythrocytes, Ixodes ricinus, Host identification, Ixodidae, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Tick, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vector-borne diseases, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, Hematophagous arthropods, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Ixodes, biology, Transmission (medicine), Host (biology), Detection biases, Research, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Molecular methods, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chickens
Abstract: Background Reliable information on host use by arthropod vectors is required to study pathogen transmission ecology and to predict disease risk. Direct observation of host use is often difficult or impossible and indirect methods are therefore necessary. However, the reliability of currently available methods to identify the last host of blood-feeding arthropods has not been evaluated, and may be particularly problematic for ticks because host blood has been digested at capture. Biases in host detection may lead to erroneous conclusions on both vector ecology and pathogen circulation. Methods Here, we experimentally tested for biases in host detection using the generalist three-host tick Ixodes ricinus as a model system. We fed ticks using an artificial feeding system and amplified blood meal traces post-moult (i.e., in the succeeding unfed life stage) via both a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and a reverse line blotting method. We then experimentally tested for three types of biases in host detection: 1) time post-moult, 2) tick life stage and 3) host type (non-nucleated mammal blood versus nucleated avian blood), and compared these biases between the two molecular methods. Results Our results show that all three factors can influence host detection in ticks but not necessarily in the expected way. Although host detection rates decreased with time post-moult, mammal blood tended to be more readily detected than bird blood. Tick life stage was also an important factor; detection was higher in nymphs than in adults and, in some cases, remnants from both larval and nymphal blood meals could be detected in the adult stage. These biases were similar for the two detection techniques. Conclusions We show that different factors associated with questing ticks may influence our ability to correctly infer previous host use and that these factors may bias inferences from field-based studies. As these biases may be common to other vector-borne disease systems, their implications for our understanding of vector ecology and disease transmission require more explicit consideration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1043-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2015

36. The future of research on tick-borne pathogens: shifting from the ‘one pathogen-one disease’ vision to the pathobiome paradigm

Author: Muriel Taussat, Maria Kazimirova, Zdenek Hubalek, Sándor Hornok, Róbert Farkas, Sarah Bonnet, Gwenaël Vourc'h, Mihalca, Andrei D., Olivier Plantard, Cornelia Silaghi, Annapaola Rizzoli, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Zoology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Budapest University, Partenaires INRAE, University of Veterinary Medicine, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Renaud Lancelot, Sylvie Laurens and Andrew Lewer, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

37. Ixodes ricinus and Its Transmitted Pathogens in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Europe: New Hazards and Relevance for Public Health

Author: Anna Obiegala, Olivier Plantard, Sarah Bonnet, Mária Kazimírová, Annapaola Rizzoli, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Cornelia Silaghi, Gábor Földvári, Eva Špitalská, Zdeněk Hubálek, Ivo Rudolf, Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Leipzig University, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Szent István University, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Oniris, UMR BioEpAR, PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute of Virology, University of Essen, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Ixodes ricinus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Borrelia miyamotoi, Review Article, Tick, medicine.disease_cause, ticks, Wild boar, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, medicine, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia divergens, ddc:616, biology, Ecology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Settore VET/05 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE DEGLI ANIMALI DOMESTICI, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 3. Good health, ticks, Ixodes ricinus, tick-borne pathogens, urban habitats, Europe, Europe, Rickettsia helvetica, tick-borne pathogens, Public Health, urban habitats
Abstract: International audience; Tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. Ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in Europe. Recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in European urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. In urban habitats, small and medium-sized mammals, birds, companion animals (dogs and cats), and larger mammals (roe deer and wild boar) play a role in maintenance of tick populations and as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens. Presence of ticks infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus and high prevalence of ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., causing Lyme borreliosis, have been reported from urbanized areas in Europe. Emerging pathogens, including bacteria of the order Rickettsiales (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," Rickettsia helvetica, and R. monacensis), Borrelia miyamotoi, and protozoans (Babesia divergens, B. venatorum, and B. microti) have also been detected in urban tick populations. Understanding the ecology of ticks and their associations with hosts in a European urbanized environment is crucial to quantify parameters necessary for risk pre-assessment and identification of public health strategies for control and prevention of tick-borne diseases.
Published: 2014
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38. Hard Tick Factors Implicated in Pathogen Transmission

Author: Xiang Ye Liu, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), China Scholarship Council (CSC), EU [FP7-261504 EDENext], European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Bonnet, Sarah
Subjects: tique, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Ixodidae, lcsh:RC955-962, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease, Review, Tick, parasitic diseases, medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Animals, Humans, Pathogen, Tick-borne disease, biology, borrelia, Transmission (medicine), lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, glande salivaire, infection bactérienne, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, interaction hôte pathogène, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Arachnid Vectors, insecte hématophage, Tick-Borne Diseases, insecte piqueur suceur, bactérie pathogène, Arthropod Vector
Abstract: International audience; Ticks are the most common arthropod vector, after mosquitoes, and are capable of transmitting the greatest variety of pathogens. For both humans and animals, the worldwide emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne disease is becoming increasingly problematic. Despite being such an important issue, our knowledge of pathogen transmission by ticks is incomplete. Several recent studies, reviewed here, have reported that the expression of some tick factors can be modulated in response to pathogen infection, and that some of these factors can impact on the pathogenic life cycle. Delineating the specific tick factors required for tick-borne pathogen transmission should lead to new strategies in the disruption of pathogen life cycles to combat emerging tick-borne disease.
Published: 2014

39. Identification of parasitic communities within European ticks using next-generation sequencing

Author: Justine Cheval, Sarah Bonnet, Lorraine Michelet, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Charles Hebert, Marc Eloit, Sara Moutailler, Bonnet, Sarah, Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), PathoQuest, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Découverte de Pathogenes, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), EU [FP7-261504 EDENext], DIM Ile de France, CoVetLab partner institutes, ANSES, Animal Health department of INRA, INRA Metaprogram MEM, PathoID project, European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris], École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)
Subjects: tique, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Ixodes ricinus, lcsh:RC955-962, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, Zoology, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, Theileria, parasitic diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Parasites, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, theileria, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Ricinus, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, ixodes ricinus, maladie parasitaire, 3. Good health, babesia, séquençage nouvelle génération, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Babesia, Veterinary Science, France, bactérie pathogène, Research Article
Abstract: Background Risk assessment of tick-borne and zoonotic disease emergence necessitates sound knowledge of the particular microorganisms circulating within the communities of these major vectors. Assessment of pathogens carried by wild ticks must be performed without a priori, to allow for the detection of new or unexpected agents. Methodology/Principal Findings We evaluated the potential of Next-Generation Sequencing techniques (NGS) to produce an inventory of parasites carried by questing ticks. Sequences corresponding to parasites from two distinct genera were recovered in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Eastern France: Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Four Babesia species were identified, three of which were zoonotic: B. divergens, Babesia sp. EU1 and B. microti; and one which infects cattle, B. major. This is the first time that these last two species have been identified in France. This approach also identified new sequences corresponding to as-yet unknown organisms similar to tropical Theileria species. Conclusions/Significance Our findings demonstrate the capability of NGS to produce an inventory of live tick-borne parasites, which could potentially be transmitted by the ticks, and uncovers unexpected parasites in Western Europe., Author Summary Diseases transmitted by ticks have diverse etiology (viral, bacterial, parasitic) and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates around the world, both in humans and animals. The emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne diseases is increasingly becoming a problem as the geographical distribution of several tick species is expanding, as well as the numbers of potential or known tick-borne pathogens are constantly evolving. It is thus necessary to know which microorganisms circulate within communities of this major vector to ensure adequate epidemiological surveillance. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Next-Generation Sequencing techniques (NGS) to produce, without a priori, an inventory of both predicted and non-expected parasites carried by Ixodes ricinus, the most prevalent human biting tick in France. Our findings suggest that NGS strategies could be used to produce an inventory of live parasites residing in ticks from a selected area, thereby expanding our knowledge base of tick-associated parasites.
Published: 2014

40. Impact of initial FDG-PET/CT and serum-free light chain on transformation of conventionally defined solitary plasmacytoma to multiple myeloma

Author: Salim Adib, Guillemette Fouquet, Olivier Decaux, Xavier Leleu, Zoé Van de Wyngaert, Céline Berthon, Valérie Coiteux, Stéphanie Guidez, Louis Terriou, Mathieu Wemeau, Thierry Facon, Hélène Demarquette, Damien Huglo, Margaret Macro, David Beauvais, Sarah Bonnet, Bénédicte Hivert, Charles Herbaux, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Service de Médecine interne et immunologie clinique [Rennes] = internal medicine and clinical immunology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille, Therapies Interventionnelles Assistees Par l'Image et la Simulation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, university hospital, University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Therapies Interventionnelles Assistees Par l'Image et la Simulation - U 703 (Thiais), and Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc)
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Bone Neoplasms, Immunoglobulin light chain, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Positron emission, Multiple myeloma, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, business.industry, Cancer, Soft tissue, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Survival Rate, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Oncology, Positron-Emission Tomography, Monoclonal, Female, Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Tomography, Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear medicine, business, Multiple Myeloma, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Follow-Up Studies, Plasmacytoma
Abstract: Purpose: Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) is a localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in either bone or soft tissue, without evidence of multiple myeloma (MM), and whose prognosis is marked by a high risk of transformation to MM. Experimental Design: We studied the impact of FDG-PET/CT (2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography) on the risk of transformation of SP to overt MM among other markers in a series of 43 patients diagnosed with SP. Results: Median age was 57.5 years; 48% of patients had an abnormal involved serum-free light chain (sFLC) value, and 64% had an abnormal sFLC ratio at diagnosis. Thirty-three percent had two or more hypermetabolic lesions on initial PET/CT, and 20% had two or more focal lesions on initial MRI. With a median follow-up of 50 months, 14 patients transformed to MM with a median time (TTMM) of 71 months. The risk factors that significantly shortened TTMM at diagnosis were two or more hypermetabolic lesions on PET/CT, abnormal sFLC ratio and involved sFLC, and to a lesser extent at completion of treatment, absence of normalized involved sFLC and PET/CT or MRI. In a multivariate analysis, abnormal initial involved sFLC [OR = 10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1–87; P = 0.008] and PET/CT (OR = 5; 95% CI, 0–9; P = 0.032) independently shortened TTMM. Conclusions: An abnormal involved sFLC value and the presence of at least two hypermetabolic lesions on PET/CT at diagnosis of SP were the two predictors of early evolution to myeloma in our series. This data analysis will need confirmation in a larger study, and the study of these two risk factors may lead to a different management of patients with SP in the future. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3254–60. ©2014 AACR.
Published: 2014

41. Discriminating Francisella tularensis and Francisella-like endosymbionts in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks: Evaluation of current molecular techniques

Author: Sarah Bonnet, Nora Madani, Lorraine Michelet, Sara Moutailler, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), ANSES, and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Dermacentor reticulatus, POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION, Lipoproteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pcr assay, Tick, Microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tularemia, Francisella-like endosymbionts, 03 medical and health sciences, GENUS, Bacterial Proteins, Phylogenetics, medicine, Animals, PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS, Francisella, Francisella tularensis, Symbiosis, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Dermacentor, 0303 health sciences, Bacteriological Techniques, General Veterinary, biology, Phylogenetic tree, IDENTIFICATION, 030306 microbiology, TULAREMIA, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, PCR, France, SPP, Molecular detection techniques, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Abstract: International audience; Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is commonly transmitted by ticks. To ensure accurate F. tularensis reporting rates in epidemiological surveys, specific discrimination between F. tularensis and Francisella-like tick endosymbionts (FLEs) is absolutely critical. Four molecular available techniques capable of distinguishing Francisella spp. were compared here for the first time in French Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in order to estimate their specificity as well as their ease and speed of use. Results showed that tul4 and fopA real-time PCR assays can easily and effectively discriminate between F. tularensis and FLEs in D. reticulatus. In addition, a high prevalence of FLEs in D. reticulatus collected in France was reported by the use of fopA real-time PCR assay (79%). Finally, phylogenetic analysis showed that FLEs isolated from D. reticulatus correspond to a well-defined group compared to FLEs originating from various tick species. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013

42. Identification of Bartonella Trw host-specific receptor on erythrocytes

Author: Sarah Bonnet, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Danielle Le Rhun, Evelyne Le Naour, Hon Kuan Deng, Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Jilin University (JLU), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Bacterial Diseases, Male, Erythrocytes, Phage display, Mouse, Applied Microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Veterinary Microbiology, lcsh:Medicine, Pilus, Mice, Microbial Physiology, Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte, lcsh:Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mice, Inbred BALB C, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Bartonellosis, Animal Models, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Medicine, Female, Rabbits, Bartonella, Bartonella Infection, Research Article, Biotechnology, Multiprotein complex, Receptors, Cell Surface, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Bacterial Proteins, Bartonella Infections, Animals, Far-western blotting, Microbial Pathogens, Band 3, 030304 developmental biology, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Fimbriae, Bacterial, biology.protein, Veterinary Science, lcsh:Q, Glycoprotein
Abstract: International audience; Each Bartonella species appears to be highly adapted to one or a limited number of reservoir hosts, in which it establishes long-lasting intraerythrocytic bacteremia as the hallmark of infection. Recently, we identified Trw as the bacterial system involved in recognition of erythrocytes according to their animal origin. The T4SS Trw is characterized by a multiprotein complex that spans the inner and outer bacterial membranes, and possesses a hypothetical pilus structure. TrwJ, I, H and trwL are present in variable copy numbers in different species and the multiple copies of trwL and trwJ in the Bartonella trw locus are considered to encode variant forms of surface-exposed pilus components. We therefore aimed to identify which of the candidate Trw pilus components were located on the bacterial surface and involved in adhesion to erythrocytes, together with their erythrocytic receptor. Using different technologies (electron microscopy, phage display, invasion inhibition assay, far western blot), we found that only TrwJ1 and TrwJ2 were expressed and localized at the cell surface of B. birtlesii and had the ability to bind to mouse erythrocytes, and that their receptor was band3, one of the major outer-membrane glycoproteins of erythrocytes, (anion exchanger). According to these results, we propose that the interaction between TrwJ1, TrwJ2 and band 3 leads to the critical host-specific adherence of Bartonella to its host cells, erythrocytes.
Published: 2012

43. Laboratory artificial infection of hard ticks: a tool for the analysis of tick-borne pathogen transmission

Author: Xiangye Liu, Sarah Bonnet, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), USC Bartonelles et tiques, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)
Subjects: tique, infection in vitro, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], alimentation artificielle, 030231 tropical medicine, Tick, ticks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tick borne, parasitic diseases, in vitro infection, Acari, Artificial feeding, Pathogen, 030304 developmental biology, Infectivity, 0303 health sciences, artificial feeding, biology, Transmission (medicine), Ecology, interaction hôte pathogène, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Insect Science, Microparasite
Abstract: Despite its importance, our knowledge of pathogen transmission by ticks is incomplete. Detailed studies on the transmission, maintenance, infectivity, virulence, and pathogenicity of tick-borne microparasites all require the use of large numbers of live ticks raised under controlled conditions and difficulties in rearing ticks in the laboratory could partly explain the current lack of data. The most complex part in maintaining tick colonies doubtlessly lies in their engorgement, as ticks are strict haematophagous arthropods. Indeed, relatively few research teams have worked on artificial feeding systems for ticks due to the long, complex, and poorly understood feeding patterns of these arthropods. It is nonetheless essential to investigate the mechanisms underlying tick infection and infectiousness in order to better understand parasite-host-vector relationships and elaborate new control strategies for transmitted pathogens. The various methods used to date to feed ticks and infect them with their associated pathogens are reviewed here and their advantages and inconveniences are discussed.
Published: 2012

44. Is the introduced Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus barberi) an amplifying host of the Lyme disease risk in a French periurban forest?

Author: Maud Marsot, Jean-Louis Chapuis, Elisabeth Ferquel, Sarah Bonnet, Patrick Gasqui, Anne Dozières, Martine Garnier, Sébastien Masseglia, Gwenaël Vourc'H, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], siberian, chipmunk, host, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lyme borreliosis, native reservoir, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2011

45. Is the introduced Siberian chipmunk an amplifying host of the Lyme disease risk in a French periurban forest?

Author: Maud Marsot, Jean-Louis Chapuis, Elisabeth Ferquel, Sarah Bonnet, Patrick Gasqui, Anne Dozières, Martine Garnier, Sébastien Masseglia, Gwenaël Vourc'H, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), ProdInra, Migration, and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], siberian, chipmunk, host, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lyme borreliosis, native reservoir, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2011

46. Questing Ticks in Suburban Forest Are Infected by at Least Six Tick-Borne Pathogens

Author: Martine Cote, Sarah Bonnet, Caroline Reis, Richard Paul, Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Pathogénie Virale - Viral Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Male, Bartonella, Veterinary medicine, Ixodes ricinus, Anaplasma, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Babesia, Tick, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, parasitic diseases, Animals, Rickettsia, Francisella, Francisella tularensis, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ixodes, 030306 microbiology, Borrelia, Bartonnella, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 3. Good health, Spotted fever, Infectious Diseases, Borrelia burgdorferi, RNA, bacteria, Arachnid Vectors, Female, France, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Sequence Analysis
Abstract: International audience; The role of Ixodes ricinus ticks in the transmission of pathogens of public health importance such as Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. is widely recognized and is suspected in several emerging vector-borne pathogens in Europe. Here, we assess prevalence rates of several endemic and emerging zoonotic pathogens in tick populations in an area of high human population density in France, to contribute to a risk assessment for potential transmission to humans. Pathogen prevalence rates were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction detection and sequencing in questing ticks, individually for adults and in pools of 10 for nymphs. In addition to finding micro-organisms corresponding to symbionts, we found high prevalence rates of B. burgdorferi s.l. (32% of adult females and 10% of nymphs) and low to moderate ones of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (*1%), spotted fever group Rickettsia spp.(*6%), Babesia sp. EU1 (*1%), Bartonella birtlesii (0.1%), and Francisella tularensis (*1%). Our findings extend the knowledge of the geographical distribution of these endemic and emergent pathogens and support the conclusion that ticks are important vectors of pathogenic micro-organisms in suburban forests. Moreover, tick coinfection with multiple pathogens was found to occur frequently, which poses a serious challenge for diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The incrimination of these pathogens in potentially severe pathologies requires widespread surveillance to assess the risk of infection, thereby facilitating diagnosis and treatment, as well as raising local awareness of tick-borne diseases.
Published: 2011

47. Identification of three CCp genes in Babesia divergens: Novel markers for sexual stages parasites

Author: Thibaut Larcher, Claire A.M. Becker, Laurence Malandrin, Peter H. David, Emmanuel Bischoff, D. Depoix, Sarah Bonnet, Alain Chauvin, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), INRA, Region Pays de Loire, Delegation Generale pour l'Armement (DGA) [22120/DSP/SREAF, 04 34 025], 'Fonds dedie Combattre les Maladies Parasitaires' (Sanofi-Aventis/Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche), AIP Bioressources, Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique (APEX), Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Immunologie moléculaire des parasites, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Puces à ADN (Plate-Forme 2) (PF2), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and This work is part of CB's PhD thesis, which was funded by INRA and Region Pays de Loire. EB was funded by the Délégation Générale pour l’Armement (DGA nos 22120/DSP/SREAF and 04 34 025). The work also received financial support from the 'Fonds dédié Combattre les Maladies Parasitaires' (Sanofi-Aventis/Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche). Sequencing was partially funded by AIP Bioressources.
Subjects: Genetic Markers, EXPRESSION, Plasmodium, Virulence Factors, Sexual stages, TRANSMISSION, In silico, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, gametocytes, Protozoan Proteins, Babesia, Genome, 030308 mycology & parasitology, CLONING, 03 medical and health sciences, Babesia divergens, parasitic diseases, Animals, Parasite hosting, Molecular Biology, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Ixodes, biology, PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, Virology, GENOME-SEQUENCE, LIFE-CYCLE, Sexual reproduction, PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE, MOSQUITO, HOMOLOG, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM, Parasitology, CCp family
Abstract: International audience; Babesia divergens, a tick-borne protozoan parasite of red blood cells, is the main agent of bovine and human babesiosis in Europe. Very few data are available concerning its life cycle and sexual reproduction inside the tick vector, Ixodes ricinus. The aim of this study was to define some markers of the B. divergens sexual stage. An in silico post-genomic approach was used to analyze genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data and to select specific sexual stage proteins of the related apicomplexan genus Plasmodium. Three proteins, based on sequence identity between the available genomes of Plasmodium and Babesia spp., were chosen, as members of a highly conserved and apicomplexan sexual stages specific protein family (CCp) potentially involved in adhesive functions. Degenerate primers were used to amplify and clone three B. divergens orthologs (bdccp1, bdccp2, and bdccp3) corresponding to newly identified genes in this parasite. The opportunities offered by such markers to study parasite development in its vector are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010

48. Insights in Bartonella Host Specificity

Author: Danielle Le Rhun, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Sarah Bonnet, Violaine Cotté, Inconnu, Unité mixte de recherche biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Bartonella, Disease reservoir, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Biology, Subspecies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, History and Philosophy of Science, Species Specificity, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Bartonella Infections, Animals, Humans, Complement Activation, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Reservoirs, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, General Neuroscience, Intracellular parasite, Insectivore, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Insect Vectors, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Host-Pathogen Interactions, Adaptation, Bartonella Infection
Abstract: The genus Bartonella comprises a unique group of emerging gram-negative, intracellular bacteria that can cause a long-lasting intraerythrocytic bacteremia in their reservoir hosts. In recent years, the widespread occurrence and diversity of these bacteria has been increasingly recognized. This has resulted in a dramatic expansion of the genus Bartonella to 24 currently described species or subspecies, among which at least half have been associated with human disease. Bartonella infections have been observed in virtually all species examined, extending from humans to carnivores, ungulates, rodents, lagomorphs, insectivores, and bats. Adaptation by Bartonellae to such a diverse range of mammals has resulted in host specificity, and all validated Bartonella species described to date are capable of parasitizing only a limited number of animal species. In this review, the possible mechanisms explaining the specificity of each Bartonella species for its reservoir host are discussed.
Published: 2009

49. Experimental in vitro transmission of Babesia sp. (EU1) by Ixodes ricinus

Author: Axelle Hermouet, Nadine Brisseau, Maggy Jouglin, Sarah Bonnet, and Alain Chauvin
Subjects: animal diseases, Ixodes ricinus, law.invention, experimental transmission, 0302 clinical medicine, law, in vitro culture, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Parasite hosting, Polymerase chain reaction, 0303 health sciences, biology, ZOONOSIS, BABESIA SP. (EU1), IXODES RICINUS, IN VITRO CULTURE, EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Ricinus, Babesiosis, 3. Good health, Roe deer, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Original Article, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Babesia sp. (EU1), Nymph, 030231 tropical medicine, Babesia, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, Life Cycle Stages, General Veterinary, Ixodes, fungi, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, zoonosis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Blood meal, Virology, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, Arachnid Vectors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Article Number 21; International audience; Babesia sp. (EU1), first characterized in 2003, has been implicated in human cases of babesiosis in Italy, Austria and Germany. It has been identified in roe deer and in its suspected tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, in several European countries. The aim of the present study was to validate the competence of I. ricinus as a vector of Babesia sp. (EU1) via experimental infections. For this purpose, a parasite strain isolated from roe deer was cloned in sheep erythrocytes. After experimental infections, parasite DNA was successfully amplified by PCR in both eggs and larvae originating from infected I. ricinus females and in the salivary glands of females exposed to Babesia sp. (EU1) as nymphs. We also demonstrate that infected females were able to transmit parasite DNA during a new blood meal. Together with previous epidemiological studies, these results validate I. ricinus as a competent vector for Babesia sp. (EU1).
Published: 2009

50. Babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission

Author: Emmanuelle Moreau, Laurence Malandrin, Sarah Bonnet, Olivier Plantard, and Alain Chauvin
Subjects: Transovarial transmission, animal diseases, Review Article, Transstadial transmission, law.invention, 0403 veterinary science, Ticks, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], vertebrate host, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, transmission, Babesiosis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, persistence, Adaptation, Physiological, Transmission (mechanics), [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Vertebrates, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 040301 veterinary sciences, 030231 tropical medicine, tick host, Babesia, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Tick, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, General Veterinary, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, Evolutionary biology, BABESIA, TRANSMISSION, PERSISTENCE, VERTEBRATE HOST, TICK HOST, Protozoa, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Adaptation
Abstract: International audience; Babesia, the causal agent of babesiosis, are tick-borne apicomplexan protozoa. True babesiae (Babesia genus sensu stricto) are biologically characterized by direct development in erythrocytes and by transovarial transmission in the tick. A large number of true Babesia species have been described in various vertebrate and tick hosts. This review presents the genus then discusses specific adaptations of Babesia spp. to their hosts to achieve efficient transmission. The main adaptations lead to long-lasting interactions which result in the induction of two reservoirs: in the vertebrate host during low long-term parasitemia and throughout the life cycle of the tick host as a result of transovarial and transstadial transmission. The molecular bases of these adaptations in vertebrate hosts are partially known but few of the tick-host interaction mechanisms have been elucidated.
Published: 2009

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