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In the course of the war of independence waged in jurisdictions of the cities of Salta and Jujuy, administrative and political structures of the Intendencia de Salta del Tucumán suffered profound changes that affected not only the forms the political power was exercised but also the territories over which it was exerted. The aim of this article is to study the relations of power in a society mobilized and threatened by war, noting the difficulties faced to exercise sovereignty over Atacama, an imprecisely defined territory, and to analyze the effects of the militarization in the territorial dispute and the political conflict.

La formación de la Junta de Gobierno en Buenos Aires en 1810 dio inicio a un proceso polí­tico que adquirió derroteros diversos en el interior del extenso territorio perteneciente al Virreinato del Rí­o de la Plata. Al igual que en las provincias del Alto Perú, la jurisdicción de Salta fue escenario de una guerra de recursos de la cual participó la población rural integrando las milicias provinciales o “Escuadrones Gauchos”. Interesa entonces observar en qué medida el conflicto bélico agudizó y puso en evidencia las tensiones existentes por los derechos de propiedad y usufructo de la tierra ya manifestadas a fines del siglo XVIII, particularmente en el valle de Lerma, y su incidencia en las disputas en torno a la tierra que tuvieron lugar luego de concluida la guerra en la provincia de Salta.

This article proposes a first approach to political participation of movilized men during independent war in Salta's jurisdiction, Argentina*. Our aim is to enter upon the compex political and social inheritance brought by the war. We will try to reconstruct some of it's main political and militar actors developements with a double pourpose: to take into account their political relationships with Bs. Aires and neibourgh states and also subaltern groups motives and political pourposes of those that played the rol of mediators between them and salteña elite members.