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The practice of using ontologies in medicine is mainly focussed on the representation and re-organization of medical terminologies. Physicians developed their own specialized languages and lexicons to help them store and communicate general medical knowledge and patient-related information efficiently. Such terminologies, optimized for human processing, are characterized by a substantial amount of implicit knowledge. Medical information systems, on the other hand, need to be able to communicate complex and detailed medical concepts unambiguously. This is noticeably a complex task and requires a intense analysis of the composition and concepts of medical terminologies. But it can be accomplished by fabricating medical domain ontologies for demonstrating medical terminology systems. Moreover, there are limited ontologies available in the domain of pulmonary diseases and as such tropical diseases like swine-flu(H1N1) are yet unexplored. Swine-flu is rapidly spreading disease and the information for it available from books, newspaper articles and internet which is unmanageable and unorganized. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to develop a medical ontology based information system for Swine-flu. We have implemented this system using Protégé 4.1 Beta Software and then hosted it onto Apache Tomcat Server. The deployed version can be viewed in XML and RDF formats and DL query can be used where user can get answers to their queries when questioned. Finally, to evaluate the performance functional testing with Fact++ Reasoner is used with ontology browser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chrysene-degrading bacterium Pseudoxanthomonas sp. PNK-04 was isolated from a coal sample. Three novel metabolites, hydroxyphenanthroic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and salicylic acid, were identified by TLC, HPLC and MS. Key enzyme activities, namely 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate hydroxylase, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase, salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase and catechol-1,2-dioxygenase, were noted in the cell-free extract. These results suggest that chrysene is catabolized via hydroxyphenanthroic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, salicylic acid and catechol. The terminal aromatic metabolite, catechol, is then catabolized by catechol-1,2-dioxygenase to cis,cis-muconic acid, ultimately forming TCA cycle intermediates. Based on these studies, the proposed catabolic pathway for chrysene degradation by strain PNK-04 is chrysene → hydroxyphenanthroic acid → 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid → 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene → salicylic acid → catechol →cis,cis-muconic acid., (© 2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.)