Search

Background This study investigated the determinants of community preventive behavior in complying with the Indonesian regulations to prevent COVID-19 local transmission. Methods A cross-sectional study used to collect the data via an online cross using a form created from a google questionnaire forms. A total of 1,802 respondents were gathered at a single point in time. The authors used the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach to measure and create a model for the prevention of local transmission of COVID-19. Results This study found that more than half of the respondents still had low perceived susceptibility (16%) and severity (43%). There were only 3% respondents with perceived barriers and 19% with strong self-efficacy. The findings showed that self-efficacy and perceived barriers had statistically significant relationships with preventive behavior (p-value 0.950, AGFI>0.950, SRMR

In the context of developing countries like Nepal, enhancing road traffic safety (RTS) requires prioritizing aspects such as road safety management, infrastructure improvement, vehicle safety, and promoting safer road user behavior. Importantly, establishing a conducive legal framework and ensuring effective enforcement are crucial for improving RTS. This study aims to analyze the enforcement status of road traffic regulatory factors and provide suggestions for improvement. A set of structured questionnaires comprising thirty items measuring six dimensions of road traffic regulation was developed to gather data from 396 Nepal traffic police officers. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed to construct the measurement model. The statistical analysis revealed that road traffic regulatory factors such as seatbelt, helmet, and license laws, along with insufficient penalties for violations related to drunk and distracted driving, speeding, and mobile phone use contribute to road traffic accidents. The findings highlight the pressing need for effective implementation of traffic regulations. To improve road safety in Nepal stricter penalties for drunk driving, speeding, and mobile phone use, advancing vehicle safety technology, formulating transportation safety policies, accrediting pre-hospital care providers, and safety auditing in road planning, construction, and operation are vital. The model developed herein provides valuable insights to policymakers to reinforce prevailing regulations for reducing traffic-related fatalities not only for Nepal but also for other countries encountering similar road safety challenges.

Hepatitis B is a serious threat to public health on a global scale. The Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which spreads both vertically and horizontally, is easily contracted by anyone. In 2020, the World Health Organization estimates that 257 million people worldwide have hepatitis B, and 900,000 people die from it each year. According to the World Health Organization (2021), there are approximately 39.4 million people in Southeast Asia living with chronic hepatitis B mortality, with 410,000 deaths caused by the disease. HBV can spread through injections, horizontal transmission, blood transfusions, and organ transplants. Cochrane, Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, Sage, Willey, DOAJ, and Google Scholar database sources were used to search for supported research on how to prevent hepatitis virus transmission in urban communities. 15 publications address the primary and secondary prevention of hepatitis B transmission in urban settings. Prevention keeps a person in good health and prevents them from progressing to a later, worse stage. Given that the hepatitis B virus can infect anyone, regardless of age, and that it affects people's health worldwide, as well as their families, communities, and families within them. In order to eradicate the hepatitis B virus, society must be aware of the importance of implementing preventive measures on a continuous and long-term basis through health advocacy activities, hepatitis B virus screening campaigns, health education, counseling, hepatitis B vaccination with community-based activities, and secondary prevention through combination therapy treatment in post-liver transplant patients.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for mask production which has caused the problem of mask waste generating in the environment without being managed. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and sociodemographic factors with college student behaviours in managing household mask waste in Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta Province. Methods This study used a quantitative approach and cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire consisting of the respondents’ sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. Results The majority of students had high knowledge (63.3%), positive attitudes (52.5%), and good behaviours (50.6%). Statistically, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and behaviours (p = 0.022), but there was no significant relationship between attitudes and behaviours (p = 0.269). In addition, the sociodemographic factor variables showed a significant relationship between place of residence and behaviours (p = 0.008). However, there was no significant relationship between age, gender, education, and study program groups and behaviours (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that living with family was a dominant factor for bad behaviours (OR 1.664, 95% CI=1.124-2.464), and the second risk factor was the low level of knowledge has a significant relationship with the behaviours of mask waste management at home (OR=1.559, 95% CI=1.044-2.330). Conclusions Students who live alone also show better behaviour compared to students who live with their families. The place of residence variable has the greatest influence on the behaviour of mask waste management at the household, followed by the knowledge variable.

Plastic waste has become one of the biggest problems due to their excessive use. Decomposition of bioplastics is very difficult as a result its causes lot of negative impact to landfill and water pollution. The most possible solution to overcome this problem is to substitute synthetic polymeric materials with biodegradable materials suchas bioplastics. Food wastes can be transformed into environment friendly bioplastics, which will not only reduce environmental pollution due to natural fermentation of these wastes, but also generate National revenue besides generating employment potentials. These polymers can be degraded environmentally by microorganisms and water in compost piles. Application of Bioplastics has several advantages over conventional plastics such as lower carbon footprint and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, lower energy cost in manufacturing, reduction of permanent litter, and much safer to the environment. In food Industries, the need for high-standard storage features and the urge for packaging with high economic, low ecological impact, ease of customization, and low encumbrance can be answered by compostable or degradable bioplastics where kitchen waste may take essential role. Advancements in biomedical applications of bioplastics lead to the development of drug delivery systems and therapeutic devices for tissue engineering. Nanocellulose and its composites, which may be obtained from the processing of kitchen wastes, may result in potential and economical sources for green plastic studies about the fabrication of medical implants, either in dental, orthopedic, or biomedical fields.

Background This study investigated the determinants of community preventive behavior in complying with the Indonesian regulations to prevent COVID-19 local transmission. Methods A cross-sectional study used to collect the data via an online cross using a form created from a google questionnaire forms. A total of 1,802 respondents were gathered at a single point in time. The authors used the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach to measure and create a model for the prevention of local transmission of COVID-19. Results This study found that more than half of the respondents still had low perceived susceptibility (16%) and severity (43%). There were only 3% respondents with perceived barriers and 19% with strong self-efficacy. The findings showed that self-efficacy and perceived barriers had statistically significant relationships with preventive behavior (p-value 0.950, AGFI>0.950, SRMR

Introduction: COVID-19 is unprecedented, especially for parents with children aged 2-12 years old who are prone to infection due to their activities. The psychological condition of parents will be affected as they are worried about their children being infected with COVID-19. Methods: This study aims to identify and analyse the psychological aspects of parents who are caring for children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The results showed that as many as 236 parents (80.9%) showed an emotional anxiety response. The social reaction to the COVID-19 situation was more likely to be a positive response (73.8%) rather than a negative response. Conclusion: The reactions that occur in parents who have pre-school and school-aged children regarding the COVID-19 were anxiety and worry. Reactions arise due to the information obtained being less verifiable, namely social media.

Sediment samples collected from the river Shitalakhya, Bangladesh, were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to investigate site-to-site (spatial) and seasonal (i.e., dry, pre-monsoon, post-monsoon) variation of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn. The mean concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn were 22.37 ± 6.09, 612.59 ± 160.08, 54.11 ± 11.21, 50.36 ± 9.40 and 103.62 ± 62.74 mg/kg in the dry, 31.58 ± 5.22, 569.71 ± 112.16, 58.35 ± 7.82, 49.93 ± 17.36 and 110.88 ± 95.83 mg/kg in the pre-monsoon and 18.09± 6.32, 567.02 ± 115.55, 50.89 ± 6.58, 39.75 ± 4.56 and 55.22 ± 11.33 mg/kg in the post-monsoon, respectively. Based on the metals’ concentrations, no considerable difference was observed among the three seasons, but the concentrations were slightly elevated in the dry and pre-monsoon compared to that in the post-monsoon with respect to site-to-site variation. Among the metals examined, concentrations of Ni and Cu were elevated because of the use of oxides of these heavy metals as catalysts in the ammonia plant. The following statistical indices i.e., Pearson correlation matrix, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk potential (RI) factors were taken into account to assess the heavy metals contamination of the sediments. According to the values of the statistical indices for Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn, it is concluded that the study area was with low contamination while concentrations of Ni and Cu were higher than the Threshold Effect Level (TEL) and Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) values suggesting unsafe to use the sediments for vegetation and other uses.

Introduction: Health and mortality problems are closely related to the maternal mortality rate (MMR). Efforts to reduce MMR have been carried out by many countries, including the Indonesian government. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted using two approaches, namely quantitative and qualitative or mixed methods and 149 respondents and 26 informants, to reduce MMR in Dairi Regency. This study was also carried out to determine the dominant variable that affects mother's behavior in an effort to reduce MMR in accordance with the existing theory. Result: Mother's intention to contribute to the reduction of MMR in this study was influenced by the good factor directly or indirectly. This is indicated by the score p

Background: Dadiah is a traditional dish from West Sumatra made from buffalo milk, which is fermented in bamboo tubes and left at room temperature for ±2 days. Dadiah is included in the staple food category because it contains Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) which has the potential to be a probiotic. This study aims to determine the identification and characterization of LAB from Dadiah from Halaban, Kab. Fifty Cities, West Sumatra. Design and Methods: A survey method was used in this research with a descriptive analysis, Antimicrobial activity testing was done with bacteria Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Listeria innocua. Molecular identification was done using the 16S rRNA gene. Results: Probiotic candidate test with the best results in testing for resistance to stomach acid at pH3 with the viability of 65.98%, bile salt resistance 0.3%, viability of 54.90% from 2DA isolates. Antimicrobial activity with the best clear zone area results was obtained in 2DA isolates with Escherichia coli O157 test bacteria of 21.16 mm, Staphylococcus aureus with a clear zone area of 23.17 mm, Listeria innocua of 19.24 mm and Listeria monocytogenes with a clear zone area 18.23 mm in 4DA isolate, LAB identification using 16S sRNA gene, results of running PCR base length 1419bp. Conclusions: Phylogenetic analysis shows that Dadiah of Limapuluh Kota Regency is a kin to Lactobacillus plantarum. The superiority of identification technology by using 16S rRNA gene only can be conducted if the nucleotide sequence information of the targeted bacteria is known beforehand.