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2. Utilizing a Storm-Generating Hotspot to Study Convective Cloud Transitions : The CACTI Experiment

Author

Varble, Adam C., Nesbitt, Stephen W., Salio, Paola, Hardin, Joseph C., Bharadwaj, Nitin, Borque, Paloma, DeMott, Paul J., Feng, Zhe, Hill, Thomas C. J., Marquis, James N., Matthews, Alyssa, Mei, Fan, Öktem, Rusen, Castro, Vagner, Goldberger, Lexie, Hunzinger, Alexis, Barry, Kevin R., Kreidenweis, Sonia M., McFarquhar, Greg M., McMurdie, Lynn A., Pekour, Mikhail, Powers, Heath, Romps, David M., Saulo, Celeste, Schmid, Beat, Tomlinson, Jason M., van den Heever, Susan C., Zelenyuk, Alla, Zhang, Zhixiao, and Zipser, Edward J.

Published
2021

3. A Storm Safari in Subtropical South America : Proyecto RELAMPAGO

Author

Nesbitt, Stephen W., Salio, Paola V., Ávila, Eldo, Bitzer, Phillip, Carey, Lawrence, Chandrasekar, V., Deierling, Wiebke, Dominguez, Francina, Dillon, Maria Eugenia, Garcia, C. Marcelo, Gochis, David, Goodman, Steven, Hence, Deanna A., Kosiba, Karen A., Kumjian, Matthew R., Lang, Timothy, Luna, Lorena Medina, Marquis, James, Marshall, Robert, McMurdie, Lynn A., de Lima Nascimento, Ernani, Rasmussen, Kristen L., Roberts, Rita, Rowe, Angela K., Ruiz, Juan José, Sabbas, Eliah F.M.T. São, Saulo, A. Celeste, Schumacher, Russ S., Skabar, Yanina Garcia, Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo, Trapp, Robert J., Varble, Adam C., Wilson, James, Wurman, Joshua, Zipser, Edward J., Arias, Ivan, Bechis, Hernán, and Grover, Maxwell A.

Published
2021

9. Gargantuan Hail in Argentina

Author

Kumjian, Matthew R., Gutierrez, Rachel, Soderholm, Joshua S., Nesbitt, Stephen W., Maldonado, Paula, Luna, Lorena Medina, Marquis, James, Bowley, Kevin A., Imaz, Milagros Alvarez, and Salio, Paola

Published
2020

11. THE CHUVA PROJECT : How Does Convection Vary across Brazil?

Author

Machado, Luiz A. T., Dias, Maria A. F. Silva, Morales, Carlos, Fisch, Gilberto, Vila, Daniel, Albrecht, Rachel, Goodman, Steven J., Calheiros, Alan J. P., Biscaro, Thiago, Kummerow, Christian, Cohen, Julia, Fitzjarrald, David, Nascimento, Ernani L., Sakamoto, Meiry S., Cunningham, Christopher, Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre, Petersen, Walter A., Adams, David K., Baldini, Luca, Angelis, Carlos F., Sapucci, Luiz F., Salio, Paola, Barbosa, Henrique M. J., Landulfo, Eduardo, Souza, Rodrigo A. F., Blakeslee, Richard J., Bailey, Jeffrey, Freitas, Saulo, Lima, Wagner F. A., and Tokay, Ali

Published
2014

12. Observational study of the South American low‐level jet during the SALLJEX.

Author

Yabra, Melina Sol, Nicolini, Matilde, Borque, Paloma, Skabar, Yanina Garcia, and Salio, Paola

Subjects
WIND speed, ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, THERMODYNAMICS, BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics), SCIENTIFIC observation, ROTATION of the earth, CONVECTIVE boundary layer (Meteorology), SPATIAL variation
Abstract

The South American low‐level jet (SALLJ) is a narrow northerly wind speed maximum present just above the boundary layer. It is an important component of the tropical–extratropical heat and moisture exchange in South America and can favour deep moist convection in southeastern South America. The main objective of this study is to analyse the SALLJ characteristics at 21 upper‐air stations deployed between the Tropics and the subtropics from just east of the Andes to the eastern plains during the SALLJ Experiment (SALLJEX). The greatest wind speed occurs between 300 and 2,000 m AGL between 0300 and 1200 UTC, mainly in connection with greater northerly winds during an anticlockwise rotation of the wind from sunset to sunrise, thus suggesting the important role of the inertial oscillation in the wind's diurnal cycle. The spatial variation of the LLJ throughout the SALLJEX network shows a weakening of the maximum wind speed from stations near the Andes towards the Plains suggesting the presence of the LLJ core just east of the Andes around Santa Cruz de la Sierra's latitude (17°48′S). Weak, moderate, and strong SALLJ categories defined from a local maximum northerly wind speed threshold at each station are defined to analyse the relationship between the SALLJ intensity and the thermodynamic properties of the lower layers of the atmosphere. Strong SALLJs are frequently observed at night‐time, while weak SALLJs are likely to occur at any time of the day. Strong cases have deeper and less stable nocturnal boundary layers, which could be due to the SALLJ warm advection near the time of wind speed maximum (0600 UTC). Deeper convective boundary layers and higher low‐level temperatures observed at 1800 UTC prior to strong nocturnal SALLJs can potentially lead to larger amplitudes of inertial oscillation and contribute to generating stronger SALLJs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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13. Global Precipitation Measurement: Methods, Datasets and Applications

Author

Tapiador, Francisco, Turk, Francis J, Petersen, Walt, Hou, Arthur Y, Garcia-Ortega, Eduardo, Machado, Luiz, A. T, Angelis, Carlos F, Salio, Paola, Kidd, Chris, Huffman, George J, and De Castro, Manuel

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

This paper reviews the many aspects of precipitation measurement that are relevant to providing an accurate global assessment of this important environmental parameter. Methods discussed include ground data, satellite estimates and numerical models. First, the methods for measuring, estimating, and modeling precipitation are discussed. Then, the most relevant datasets gathering precipitation information from those three sources are presented. The third part of the paper illustrates a number of the many applications of those measurements and databases. The aim of the paper is to organize the many links and feedbacks between precipitation measurement, estimation and modeling, indicating the uncertainties and limitations of each technique in order to identify areas requiring further attention, and to show the limits within which datasets can be used.

Published
2011

14. High-Resolution NWP Forecast Precipitation Comparison over Complex Terrain of the Sierras de Córdoba during RELAMPAGO-CACTI.

Author

Casaretto, Gimena, Dillon, Maria Eugenia, Salio, Paola, Skabar, Yanina García, Nesbitt, Stephen W., Schumacher, Russ S., García, Carlos Marcelo, and Catalini, Carlos

Subjects
PRECIPITATION forecasting, NUMERICAL weather forecasting, METEOROLOGICAL services, METEOROLOGICAL research, WEATHER forecasting, PRECIPITATION gauges
Abstract

Sierras de Córdoba (Argentina) is characterized by the occurrence of extreme precipitation events during the austral warm season. Heavy precipitation in the region has a large societal impact, causing flash floods. This motivates the forecast performance evaluation of 24-h accumulated precipitation and vertical profiles of atmospheric variables from different numerical weather prediction (NWP) models with the final aim of helping water management in the region. The NWP models evaluated include the Global Forecast System (GFS), which parameterizes convection, and convection-permitting simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model configured by three institutions: University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UIUC), Colorado State University (CSU), and National Meteorological Service of Argentina (SMN). These models were verified with daily accumulated precipitation data from rain gauges and soundings during the RELAMPAGO-CACTI field campaign. Generally all configurations of the higher-resolution WRFs outperformed the lower-resolution GFS based on multiple metrics. Among the convection-permitting WRF Models, results varied with respect to rainfall threshold and forecast lead time, but the WRFUIUC mostly performed the best. However, elevation-dependent biases existed among the models that may impact the use of the data for different applications. There is a dry (moist) bias in lower (upper) pressure levels which is most pronounced in the GFS. For Córdoba an overestimation of the northern flow forecasted by the NWP configurations at lower levels was encountered. These results show the importance of convection-permitting forecasts in this region, which should be complementary to the coarser-resolution global model forecasts to help various users and decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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15. Convective-Storm Environments in Subtropical South America from High-Frequency Soundings during RELAMPAGO-CACTI.

Author

SCHUMACHER, RUSS S., HENCE, DEANNA A., NESBITT, STEPHEN W., TRAPP, ROBERT J., KOSIBA, KAREN A., WURMAN, JOSHUA, SALIO, PAOLA, RUGNA, MARTIN, VARBLE, ADAM C., and KELLY, NATHAN R.

Subjects
TORNADOES, HAILSTORMS, VERTICAL wind shear, WIND shear, BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics), MOBILE operating systems, REMOTE sensing
Abstract

During the Remote Sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations-Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (RELAMPAGO-CACTI) field experiments in 2018-19, an unprecedented number of balloon-borne soundings were collected in Argentina. Radiosondes were launched from both fixed and mobile platforms, yielding 2712 soundings during the period 15 October 2018-30 April 2019. Approximately 20% of these soundings were collected by highly mobile platforms, strategically positioned for each intensive observing period, and launching approximately once per hour. The combination of fixed and mobile soundings capture both the overall conditions characterizing the RELAMPAGO-CACTI campaign, as well as the detailed evolution of environments supporting the initiation and upscale growth of deep convective storms, including some that produced hazardous hail and heavy rainfall. Episodes of frequent convection were characterized by sufficient quantities of moisture and instability for deep convection, along with deep-layer vertical wind shear supportive of organized or rotating storms. A total of 11 soundings showed most unstable convective available potential energy (MUCAPE) exceeding 6000 J kg-1, comparable to the extreme instability observed in other parts of the world with intense deep convection. Parameters used to diagnose severe-storm potential showed that conditions were often favorable for supercells and severe hail, but not for tornadoes, primarily because of insufficient low-level wind shear. High-frequency soundings also revealed the structure and evolution of the boundary layer leading up to convection initiation, convectively generated cold pools, the South American low-level jet (SALLJ), and elevated nocturnal convection. This sounding dataset will enable improved understanding and prediction of convective storms and their surroundings in subtropical South America, as well as comparisons with other heavily studied regions such as the central United States that have not previously been possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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16. Verification of WRF-ARW convective-resolving forecasts over Southeastern SouthAmerica

Author

Matsudo, Cynthia Mariana, Garcia Skabar, Yanina, Ruiz, Juan Jose, Vidal, Luciano, and Salio, Paola Veronica

Subjects
Rainfall, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Performance, Verification, High Resolution, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente
Abstract

During November-December 2012, high-resolution (4 km-38 vertical levels), convection-12 allowing 48 hours WRF-ARW forecasts were produced at the National Weather Service of 13 Argentina. The aim of this paper is to evaluate hourly quantitative precipitation forecasts to 14 assess the model performance on representing its location, intensity, spatial variability and 15 diurnal cycle. The focus is on the central-east region of Argentina and south of Brazil. The study 16 is based on a combination of visual comparison of forecasted and estimates accumulated 17 precipitation fields and objective scores calculated employing 8-km resolution CMORPH (CPC 18 MORPHing technique) satellite rainfall estimations. Additional insight is gained by examining 19 an organized convective event occurred during 6th and 7th December 2012. As a complement, 20 radar data is considered to evaluate convective features using simulated model reflectivity. 21 Results show that WRF model forecast captures quite well the position and timing of the major 22 convective events, even though the magnitude of events was underestimated. Total amounts 23 averaged over the verification domain are underestimate as well as the areal coverage for 24 small thresholds. In general, results suggest that convection-allowing WRF-ARW model has the 25 potential to improve short range forecasts over the region although it should be evaluated 26 over a longer period of time. Fil: Matsudo, Cynthia Mariana. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina Fil: Garcia Skabar, Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ruiz, Juan Jose. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina Fil: Vidal, Luciano. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Los Océanos; Argentina Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Instituto Franco-Argentino sobre Estudios de Clima y sus Impactos; Argentina

Published
2015

17. Multiple-Platform and Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations of a Supercell Thunderstorm in South America during RELAMPAGO.

Author

TRAPP, ROBERT J., KOSIBA, KAREN A., MARQUIS, JAMES N., KUMJIAN, MATTHEW R., NESBITT, STEPHEN W., WURMAN, JOSHUA, SALIO, PAOLA, GROVER, MAXWELL A., ROBINSON, PAUL, and HENCE, DEANNA A.

Subjects
THUNDERSTORMS, VERTICAL wind shear, RADAR, DOPPLER radar, VORTEX motion
Abstract

On 10 November 2018, during the RELAMPAGO field campaign in Argentina, South America, a thunderstorm with supercell characteristics was observed by an array of mobile observing instruments, including three Doppler on Wheels radars. In contrast to the archetypal supercell described in the Glossary of Meteorology, the updraft rotation in this storm was rather short lived (;25 min), causing some initial doubt as to whether this indeed was a supercell. However, retrieved 3D winds from dual-Doppler radar scans were used to document a high spatial correspondence between midlevel vertical velocity and vertical vorticity in this storm, thus providing evidence to support the supercell categorization. Additional data collected within the RELAMPAGO domain revealed other storms with this behavior, which appears to be attributable in part to effects of the local terrain. Specifically, the IOP4 supercell and other short-duration supercell cases presented had storm motions that were nearly perpendicular to the long axis of the Sierras de Córdoba Mountains; a long-duration supercell case, on the other hand, had a storm motion nearly parallel to these mountains. Sounding observations as well as model simulations indicate that a mountain-perpendicular storm motion results in a relatively short storm residence time within the narrow zone of terrain-enhanced vertical wind shear. Such a motion and short residence time would limit the upward tilting, by the left-moving supercell updraft, of the storm-relative, antistreamwise horizontal vorticity associated with anabatic flow near complex terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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18. SOBRE EL USO DE DATOS DE RAYOS COMO PROXY PARA LA REFLECTIVIDAD RADAR EN LA REGIÓN CENTRAL DE ARGENTINA.

Author

Gómez Mayol, Mailén, Vidal, Luciano, Salio, Paola, and Sacco, Maximiliano

Subjects
WEATHER radar networks, RADAR meteorology, RADAR, SOCIAL context, RAIN gauges, DEEP learning
Abstract

Copyright of Meteorologica is the property of Centro Argentino de Meteorologos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020

19. Drylines in Argentina: Synoptic Climatology and Processes Leading to Their Genesis.

Author

BECHIS, HERNÁN, SALIO, PAOLA, and RUIZ, JUAN JOSÉ

Subjects
*SYNOPTIC climatology, *AIR flow, *BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics), *MARITIME boundaries, *AIR masses, *CLIMATOLOGY, *TURBULENCE, *PLATEAUS
Abstract

Drylines have been identified as relevant synoptic-scale phenomena that frequently occur in several regions around the world. Despite previous works and the experience of local forecasters that recognizes the occurrence of drylines in Argentina and suggests its possible association with convection initiation, knowledge about the mechanisms leading to the genesis of these features is poor. This paper presents the first synoptic climatology of these drylines as well as a first approach to the understanding of the processes leading to their formation. The climatology is based on an automated algorithm for dryline identification applied to reanalysis data. We found that drylines are more frequent between the northern Patagonia plateau and the central Argentinean plains. A composite analysis is performed to analyze the processes leading to the formation of synoptic-scale drylines within this region. It was found that these drylines form in the confluence between a warm and moist air mass driven by a northwesterly flow and drier air flowing east over the northern Patagonia plateau. The dry air originates on top of the Pacific maritime boundary layer and experiences lee subsidence after crossing the Andes range creating an area of dry and warm air that is advected to the east by the westerly synoptic-scale flow, and transported downward during the day due to strong boundary layer turbulence. At the same time, surface heating over the plateau leads to substantial warming of the originally colder dry air behind the dryline, thus reversing the horizontal temperature gradient across the dryline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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21. Intraseasonal modulation of spring‐strong wind events associated with convection in northeastern Argentina.

Author

Otero, Federico, Alvarez, Mariano S., Salio, Paola, and Vera, Carolina

Subjects
ROSSBY waves, WIND speed, MADDEN-Julian oscillation, ADVECTION, HUMIDITY
Abstract

The relationship between intraseasonal variability (IS; 10–90 days) and days which registered convection‐associated strong surface wind events (CSSWE) over northeastern Argentina (NEA) was studied. The climatological behaviour of these strong wind events showed a higher duration and occurrence in austral spring. CSSWE were categorized as a function of the wet and dry phases of the spring‐season intraseasonal (spring‐SIS) index, which describes the activity of the leading pattern of IS‐filtered outgoing longwave radiation (IS‐OLR) during that season in eastern South America. A modulation of the IS variability over localized and mesoscale phenomena as the CSSWE was found, showing significant peaks of wind variability in that timescale, and especially the submonthly timescale. The CSSWE were categorized according to the phases of the spring‐SIS pattern and most of them occurred before or during a wet phase, especially for the longer CSSWE. Moreover, the detection of CSSWE days during and before a dry phase was scarce. Rossby wave trains were observed to organize the circulation on intraseasonal timescales that configure regional cyclonic anomalies in such way that favours the development of CSSWE, promoting mid‐level ascents over NEA and northerly advection of humidity to the region. Together with the composites of IS‐OLR anomalies and the spectra of wind velocity, they support the fact that the higher‐frequency IS variability is the primary influence for the development of CSSWE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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22. Convective Storm Life Cycle and Environments near the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina.

Author

Mulholland, Jake P., Nesbitt, Stephen W., Trapp, Robert J., Rasmussen, Kristen L., and Salio, Paola V.

Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY, CONVECTIVE clouds, STORMS, METEOROLOGICAL observations
Abstract

Satellite observations have revealed that some of the world’s most intense deep convective storms occur near the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina, South America. A C-band, dual-polarization Doppler weather radar recently installed in the city of Córdoba in 2015 is now providing a high-resolution radar perspective of this intense convection. Radar data from two austral spring and summer seasons (2015–17) are used to document the convective life cycle, while reanalysis data are utilized to construct storm environments across this region. Most of the storms in the region are multicellular and initiate most frequently during the early afternoon and late evening hours near and just east of the Sierras de Córdoba. Annually, the peak occurrence of these storms is during the austral summer months of December, January, and February. These Córdoba radar-based statistics are shown to be comparable to statistics derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar data. While generally similar to storm environments in the United States, storm environments in central Argentina tend to be characterized by larger CAPE and weaker low-level vertical wind shear. One of the more intriguing results is the relatively fast transition from first storms to larger mesoscale convective systems, compared with locations in the central United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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23. Intensificación de la precipitación sobre el sudeste de Sudamérica asociada a eventos de corriente en chorro en capas bajas durante la estación cálida austral

Author

Nicolini, Matilde, Saulo, Andrea Celeste, Torres, Juan Carlos, and Salio, Paola Veronica

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH AMERICA, LOW LEVEL JET, SOUTH AMERICAN MONSOON
Abstract

This paper aims to summarize current progress in climate studies related to southward SALLJ (South America Low Level Jet) episodes characterized by their farther south extension (denoted as Chaco Jet events, CJEs) and their associated precipitation fields, with emphasis on their impact on precipitation over Southeastern South America (SESA) region. This review includes results using reanalyses, satellite imagery, raingauge network rainfall data and Eta/CPTEC model products. Both ERA reanalyses and high resolution Eta/CPTEC model products capture the prominent role of the CJEs to transport moisture from tropical into extratropical latitudes over South America.. During CJEs, southward moisture transport at the northern limit of a rectangular region that encompasses part of SESA more than doubles the summer value. High resolution ETA/CPTEC model products show that CJEs synoptic evolution is dominated by a baroclinic wave pattern, a thermal low and a westward shifted South Atlantic Anticyclone. Environmental conditions during CJEs are highly favorable to enhance precipitation over SESA. The life cycle of a sample of 27 highly precipitating mesoscale convective systems over the SESA shows that more than 80% of these systems happen to occur during CJEs which represent their primary moisture source. El presente trabajo resume resultados de los estudios en desarrollo tendientes a una caracterización climática de la corriente en chorro en capas bajas al este de los Andes (SALLJ) caracterizados por su mayor penetración meridional (eventos Chaco, CJEs), con énfasis en su impacto en la precipitación sobre el Sudeste de Sudamérica. Se han utilizado reanálisis, información satelital, datos de precipitación y productos del modelo Eta. Tanto los reanálisis ERA como el modelo Eta/CPTEC capturan el rol preponderante de los CJEs en el transporte de humedad desde los trópicos a los extratrópicos. Durante los CJEs se duplica la magnitud del transporte desde el borde norte de la región SESA respecto del verano. Ell modelo Eta/CPTEC muestra que la evolución sinóptica durante los CJEs está dominada por un patrón de ondas baroclínicas, una baja térmica y un corrimiento del Anticiclón del Atlántico hacia el continente. Las condiciones ambientales durante los CJEs son altamente favorables a la intensificación de la precipitación sobre la región SESA. Se han compuesto 27 sistemas convectivos productores de precipitaciones intensas, encontrándose que más del 80% de estos sistemas evolucionan durante CJEs, lo que confirma que estos últimos representan el aporte principal de humedad a la convección altamente precipitante. Fil: Nicolini, Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina Fil: Saulo, Andrea Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina Fil: Torres, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina

Published
2002

24. Analysis and evaluation of WRF microphysical schemes for deep moist convection over south-eastern South America (SESA) using microwave satellite observations and radiative transfer simulations.

Author

Sol Galligani, Victoria, Die Wang, Alvarez Imaz, Milagros, Salio, Paola, and Prigent, Catherine

Subjects
COMPUTER simulation of radiative transfer, METEOROLOGICAL observations, MICROWAVE radiometry, HYDROMETEOROLOGY, MICROWAVE remote sensing
Abstract

Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2017
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25. Assessment of satellite precipitation estimates over the slopes of the subtropical Andes.

Author

Paula Hobouchian, María, Salio, Paola, García Skabar, Yanina, Vila, Daniel, and Garreaud, Rene

Subjects
*METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, *RAINFALL, *MOUNTAINS, *TOPOGRAPHY, *ARTIFICIAL satellites
Abstract

A validation of four satellite daily precipitation estimates at a spatial resolution of 0.25° is performed over the subtropical Andes, an area of highly complex topography: The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA, 3B42 V7 and RT), the Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique (CMORPH) and the Hydro-Estimator (HYDRO). Remote mountainous regions represent a major challenge for these satellite data products and for studies examining their quality with surface data. For the assessment of the satellite products, a period of seven years from January 1st 2004 to December 31st 2010 was considered. Different statistics were analyzed considering their variability in the study area and identifying their main differences between the warm and cold seasons. The results indicate a decrease in winter errors which coincides with the wet season over the windward side of the Andes. Also, a significant underestimation of precipitation is observed for all estimates throughout the period analyzed. The analysis with respect to terrain height shows a greater dependence of errors with topography for all the algorithms that combine infrared and passive microwave data, HYDRO providing the most stable result. The main limitations of the estimates associated with the type of precipitating event and their location relative to the orography are assessed. Finally, the analysis of two intense precipitation events is presented and allows the assessment of the latest advances in satellite derived estimates with the launch of the Global Precipitation Measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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26. Analysis and evaluation of WRF microphysical schemes for deep moist convection over Southeastern South America (SESA) using microwave satellite observations and radiative transfer simulations.

Author

Sol Galligani, Victoria, Die Wang, Alvarez Imaz, Milagros, Salio, Paola, and Prigent, Catherine

Subjects
WEATHER forecasting, CONVECTION (Meteorology), RADIATIVE transfer
Abstract

In the present study, three meteorological events of extreme deep moist convection, characteristic of Southeastern South America (SESA), are considered to conduct a systematic evaluation of the microphysical parameterizations available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by undertaking a direct comparison between satellite-based simulated and observed microwave radiances. A research radiative transfer model, the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS), is coupled with WRF under three different microphysical parameterizations (WSM6, WDM6 and Thompson). Since the main difficulty encountered in the characterization of the microwave scattering signal arises from the complex and variable nature of microphysics properties of frozen hydrometeors, the present study further aims at improving the understanding of their optical properties. The bulk optical properties are computed by integrating the single scattering properties of the Liu (2008) DDA single scattering database across the particle size distributions parametrized by the different WRF schemes in a consistent manner, introducing the equal-mass pproach. The equal mass approach consists in describing the optical properties of the WRF snow and graupel hydrometeors with the optical properties of habits in the DDA database whose dimensions might be different (D'max) but whose mass is conserved. The performance of the radiative transfer simulations is evaluated by comparing the simulations with the available coincident microwave observations up to 190GHz (with observations from TMI, MHS, and SSMI/S) using the Chi-square test. Good greement is obtained with all observations provided special care is taken to represent the scattering properties of the snow and graupel species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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27. C-band Dual-Polarization Radar Observations of a Massive Volcanic Eruption in South America.

Author

Vidal, Luciano, Nesbitt, Stephen W., Salio, Paola, Farias, Camila, Nicora, Maria Gabriela, Osores, Maria Soledad, Mereu, Luigi, and Marzano, Frank S.

Abstract

The eruption of Calbuco volcano on April 22–23, 2015 is the first volcanic eruption detected by a weather radar in South America. The detection was performed by the first domestically produced Argentinean weather radar, called RMA0 and located at Bariloche International Airport. It is a C-band Doppler dual-polarization system, manufactured by INVAP S.E. as a part of the new radar network of Argentina. The aim of this study is to present analysis of the time evolution of the structure of the volcanic plume using polarimetric observables. In order to explore the potential of this new data set for the analysis of the Calbuco volcano eruption column and dispersed ash cloud, synthetic backscattering signatures at C-band have been simulated and used to set up a threshold-based algorithm for tephra-type classification. An evaluation of lightning activity and its relationships with the volcanic particle spatial distribution and attendant polarimetric radar signatures are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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29. Evaluation of high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates over southern South America using a dense rain gauge network.

Author

Salio, Paola, Hobouchian, María Paula, García Skabar, Yanina, and Vila, Daniel

Subjects
*METEOROLOGICAL satellites, *RAIN gauges, *RAINFALL, *METEOROLOGICAL stations, *MORPHING (Computer animation)
Abstract

Six different satellite rainfall estimates are evaluated for a 24-hour accumulation period at 12 UTC with a 0.25 degree resolution. The rain gauge data are obtained from a dense inter-institutional station network for December 1, 2008 to November 30, 2010 over South America. The evaluated satellite rainfall products are the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 V6, V7 and RT, the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique (CMORPH), Hydroestimator (HYDRO) and the Combined Scheme algorithm (CoSch). The validation and intercomparison of these products are focused on southern South America. The performance improves in the “blended” estimates by including microwave observations and surface observations in the adjustments, i.e., 3B42 V6, V7 and CoSch; however, large overestimations are detectable in CMORPH, principally for extreme values over plains areas. The estimates based on parameters associated with infrared images only (HYDRO) underestimate precipitation south of 20° S and tend to overestimate the warm precipitation to the north. The inclusion of observed precipitation data is convenient from monthly (3B42 V7 and V6) to daily scales (CoSch) and improves the estimates. The estimates that include microwave observations show a strong tendency to overestimate extreme values of precipitation over 70 mm. This effect is strongly evident in northern and central Argentina and southern Brazil. A deeper assessment is necessary, particularly over the Central Andes, where effects of topography principally associated with solid precipitation correspond to the persistence of majorly overestimated precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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30. Environment Associated with Deep Moist Convection under SALLJ Conditions: A Case Study.

Author

Borque, Paloma, Salio, Paola, Nicolini, Matilde, and García Skabar, Yanina

Subjects
*CASE studies, *WEATHER forecasting, *AIR masses, *MOUNTAIN ecology, *MOUNTAINS, MOUNTAIN environmental conditions
Abstract

The present work focuses on the study of the environmental conditions preceding the development of a group of subtropical mesoscale convective systems over central and northern Argentina on 6–7 February 2003 during the South American Low Level Jet Experiment. This period was characterized by an extreme northerly low-level flow along the eastern Andes foothills [South American low-level jet (SALLJ)]. The entire studied episode was dominated by the presence of a very unstable air mass over northern Argentina and a frontal zone near 40°S. The SALLJ generated an important destabilization of the atmosphere due to the strong humidity and differential temperature advection. Orography provided an extra lifting motion to the configuration of the regional wind field, which was efficient in forcing the initiation of convection. Once convection developed, it moved and regenerated in regions where the convective instability was horizontally homogeneous and stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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31. Mesoscale Convective Systems over Southeastern South America and Their Relationship with the South American Low-Level Jet.

Author

Salio, Paola, Nicolini, Matilde, and Zipser, Edward J.

Subjects
*MESOSPHERE, *METEOROLOGY, *ATMOSPHERIC research, *ATMOSPHERIC circulation, *JET streams
Abstract

Prior studies have shown that the low-level jet is a recurrent characteristic of the environment during the initiation and mature stages of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Great Plains of the United States. The South American low-level jet (SALLJ) over southeastern South America (SESA) has an analogous role, advecting heat and moisture from the Amazon basin southward into the central plains of southeastern South America, generating ideal environmental conditions for convection initiation and growth into MCSs. This research has two purposes. One is to describe the characteristics of a 3-yr MCS sample in South America, south of the equator, and its related geographical distribution of convection frequency. The other is to advance the knowledge of the evolution of favorable environmental conditions for the development of large MCSs, specifically those that mature under SALLJ conditions. High horizontal and temporal resolution satellite images are used to detect MCSs in the area for the period 1 September 2000–31 May 2003. Operational 1° horizontal resolution fields from NCEP are used to examine the environment associated with the systems and for the same period. Differences between tropical and subtropical MCSs in terms of size, diurnal cycle, and duration are found. Tropical MCSs are smaller, shorter in duration, and are characterized by a diurnal cycle mainly controlled by diurnal radiative heating. Subtropical MCSs show a preference for a nocturnal phase at maturity over Argentina, which contrasts with a tendency for a daytime peak over Uruguay and southern Brazil. In all seasons, at least one subtropical MCS developed in 41% of the SALLJ days, whereas in the days with no SALLJ conditions this percentage dropped to 12%. This result shows the importance of the synoptic conditions provided by the SALLJ for the development of MCSs and motivates the study of the atmospheric large-scale structure that evolves in close coexistence between SALLJ and subtropical organized convection at the mature stage. The large-scale environment associated with large long-lived MCSs during SALLJ events over SESA evolves under thermodynamic and dynamic forcings that are well captured by the compositing analysis. Essential features are low-level convergence generated by an anomalous all-day-long strong low-level jet prior to the development of the system, overlapped by high-level divergence associated with the anticyclonic flank of the entrance of an upper-level jet streak. This provides the dynamical forcing for convection initiation in an increasingly convectively unstable atmosphere driven by an intense and persistent horizontal advection of heat and moisture at low levels. These processes act during at least one diurnal cycle, enabling gradual building of optimal conditions for the formation of the largest organized convection in the subtropical area. The frequency of convection culminates in a geographically concentrated nocturnal maximum over northeast Argentina on the following day (MCS–SALLJ day). The northeastward displacement and later dissipation of subtropical convection are affected by a northward advance of a baroclinic zone, which is related to horizontal cold advection and divergence of moisture flux at low levels, both contributing to the stabilization of the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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32. Drop Size Distribution Variability in Central Argentina during RELAMPAGO-CACTI.

Author

Casanovas, Candela, Salio, Paola, Galligani, Victoria, Dolan, Brenda, and Nesbitt, Stephen W.

Subjects
*DROP size distribution, *REMOTE sensing, *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), *THUNDERSTORMS
Abstract

The Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Meso-scale/micro-scale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) and the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions Experiment Proposal (CACTI) field campaigns provided an unprecedented thirteen-disdrometer dataset in Central Argentina during the Intensive (IOP, 15 November to 15 December 2018) and Extended (EOP, 15 October 2018 to 30 April 2019) Observational Periods. The drop size distribution (DSD) parameters and their variability were analyzed across the region of interest, which was divided into three subregions characterized by the differing proximity to the Sierras de Córdoba (SDC), in order to assess the impact of complex terrain on the DSD parameters. A rigorous quality control of the data was first performed. The frequency distributions of DSD-derived parameters were analyzed, including the normalized intercept parameter (log N w ), the mean volume diameter ( D 0 ), the mean mass diameter ( D m ), the shape parameter (μ), the liquid water content (LWC), and the rain rate (R). The region closest to the SDC presented higher values of log N w , lower D 0 , and higher μ , while the opposite occurred in the farthest region, i.e., the concentration of small drops decreased while the concentration of bigger drops increased with the distance to the east of the SDC. Furthermore, the region closest to the SDC showed a bimodal distribution of D 0 : the lower values of D 0 were associated with higher values of log N w and were found more frequently during the afternoon, while the higher D 0 were associated with lower log N w and occurred more frequently during the night. The data were analyzed in comparison to the statistical analysis of Dolan et al. 2018 and sorted according to the classification proposed in the cited study. The log N w - D 0 and LWC- D 0 two-dimensional distributions allowed further discussion around the applicability of other mid-latitude and global precipitation classification schemes (startiform/convection) in the region of interest. Finally, three precipitation case studies were analyzed with supporting polarimetric radar data in order to relate the DSD characteristics to the precipitation type and the microphysical processes involved in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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33. Backward Adaptive Brightness Temperature Threshold Technique (BAB3T): A Methodology to Determine Extreme Convective Initiation Regions Using Satellite Infrared Imagery.

Author

Cancelada, Maite, Salio, Paola, Vila, Daniel, Nesbitt, Stephen W., and Vidal, Luciano

Subjects
*BRIGHTNESS temperature, *REMOTE-sensing images, *RAINFALL measurement, *SEVERE storms, *METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, *THUNDERSTORMS, *LIGHTNING
Abstract

Thunderstorms in southeastern South America (SESA) stand out in satellite observations as being among the strongest on Earth in terms of satellite-based convective proxies, such as lightning flash rate per storm, the prevalence for extremely tall, wide convective cores and broad stratiform regions. Accurately quantifying when and where strong convection is initiated presents great interest in operational forecasting and convective system process studies due to the relationship between convective storms and severe weather phenomena. This paper generates a novel methodology to determine convective initiation (CI) signatures associated with extreme convective systems, including extreme events. Based on the well-established area-overlapping technique, an adaptive brightness temperature threshold for identification and backward tracking with infrared data is introduced in order to better identify areas of deep convection associated with and embedded within larger cloud clusters. This is particularly important over SESA because ground-based weather radar observations are currently limited to particular areas. Extreme rain precipitation features (ERPFs) from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission are examined to quantify the full satellite-observed life cycle of extreme convective events, although this technique allows examination of other intense convection proxies such as the identification of overshooting tops. CI annual and diurnal cycles are analyzed and distinctive behaviors are observed for different regions over SESA. It is found that near principal mountain barriers, a bimodal diurnal CI distribution is observed denoting the existence of multiple CI triggers, while convective initiation over flat terrain has a maximum frequency in the afternoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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34. Appreciation of Peer Reviewers for 2020.

Author

Zhang, Minghua, Fu, Rong, Giorgi, Filippo, Leung, Ruby, Mellouki, AbdelWahid, Randel, William, Rogers, Robert, Russell, Lynn, Yang, Ping, and Zhang, Chidong

Subjects
ANDERSON, Martha, ALLEN, Robert, AGARWAL, Ankit
Abstract

Key Point: Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2020 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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35. Multiple-Platform and Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations of a Supercell Thunderstorm in South America during RELAMPAGO

Author

Deanna A. Hence, Robert J. Trapp, Joshua Wurman, Paola Salio, Karen Kosiba, Stephen W. Nesbitt, Paul Robinson, James Marquis, Maxwell Grover, and Matthew R. Kumjian

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Doppler radar, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], supercelda, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], observaciones, law, RELAMPAGO-CACTI, Geology, Multiple platform, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

On 10 November 2018, during the RELAMPAGO field campaign in Argentina, South America, a thunderstorm with supercell characteristics was observed by an array of mobile observing instruments, including three Doppler on Wheels radars. In contrast to the archetypal supercell described in the Glossary of Meteorology, the updraft rotation in this storm was rather short lived (;25 min), causing some initial doubt as to whether this indeed was a supercell. However, retrieved 3D winds from dual-Doppler radar scans were used to document a high spatial correspondence between midlevel vertical velocity and vertical vorticity in this storm, thus providing evidence to support the supercell categorization. Additional data collected within theRELAMPAGOdomain revealed other storms with this behavior, which appears to be attributable in part to effects of the local terrain. Specifically, the IOP4 supercell and other short-duration supercell cases presented had storm motions that were nearly perpendicular to the long axis of the Sierras de Córdoba Mountains; a long-duration supercell case, on the other hand, had a storm motion nearly parallel to these mountains. Sounding observations as well as model simulations indicate that a mountain-perpendicular storm motion results in a relatively short storm residence time within the narrow zone of terrain-enhanced vertical wind shear. Such a motion and short residence time would limit the upward tilting, by the left-moving supercell updraft, of the storm-relative, antistreamwise horizontal vorticity associated with anabatic flow near complex terrain. Fil: Trapp, Robert J.. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Kosiba, Karen A.. Centre Severe Weather Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Marquis, James N.. University of Colorado; Estados Unidos Fil: Kumjian, Matthew R.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Nesbitt, Stephen W.. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Wurman, Joshua. Centre Severe Weather Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Grover, Maxwell A.. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Robinson, Paul. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Hence, Deanna A.. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos

Published
2020

36. Backward Adaptive Brightness Temperature Threshold Technique (BAB3T): A Methodology to Determine Extreme Convective Initiation Regions Using Satellite Infrared Imagery

Author

Daniel Vila, Luciano Vidal, Maite Cancelada, Paola Salio, and Stephen W. Nesbitt

Subjects
Convection, convective initiation, SEVERE WEATHER, Science, satellite observations, SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS, algorithms, law.invention, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], law, severe weather, Precipitation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Severe weather, ALGORITHMS, Storm, CONVECTIVE INITIATION, Brightness temperature, Climatology, Convective storm detection, Thunderstorm, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Weather radar
Abstract

Thunderstorms in southeastern South America (SESA) stand out in satellite observations as being among the strongest on Earth in terms of satellite-based convective proxies, such as lightning flash rate per storm, the prevalence for extremely tall, wide convective cores and broad stratiform regions. Accurately quantifying when and where strong convection is initiated presents great interest in operational forecasting and convective system process studies due to the relationship between convective storms and severe weather phenomena. This paper generates a novel methodology to determine convective initiation (CI) signatures associated with extreme convective systems, including extreme events. Based on the well-established area-overlapping technique, an adaptive brightness temperature threshold for identification and backward tracking with infrared data is introduced in order to better identify areas of deep convection associated with and embedded within larger cloud clusters. This is particularly important over SESA because ground-based weather radar observations are currently limited to particular areas. Extreme rain precipitation features (ERPFs) from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission are examined to quantify the full satellite-observed life cycle of extreme convective events, although this technique allows examination of other intense convection proxies such as the identification of overshooting tops. CI annual and diurnal cycles are analyzed and distinctive behaviors are observed for different regions over SESA. It is found that near principal mountain barriers, a bimodal diurnal CI distribution is observed denoting the existence of multiple CI triggers, while convective initiation over flat terrain has a maximum frequency in the afternoon. Fil: Cancelada, Maite. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Vila, Daniel. National Institute for Space Research; Brasil Fil: Nesbitt, Stephen William. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Vidal, Luciano. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2020
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37. Global precipitation measurement: Methods, datasets and applications

Author

Tapiador, Francisco J., Turk, F.J., Petersen, Walt, Hou, Arthur Y., García-Ortega, Eduardo, Machado, Luiz A.T., Angelis, Carlos F., Salio, Paola, Kidd, Chris, Huffman, George J., and de Castro, Manuel

Subjects
*METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, *NUMERICAL analysis, *ENVIRONMENTAL sciences, *WATER power, *NATURAL satellite atmospheres, *METEOROLOGICAL precipitation measurement, *PRECIPITATION forecasting, *ATMOSPHERIC research
Abstract

Abstract: This paper explores the many aspects of precipitation measurement that are relevant to providing an accurate global assessment of this important environmental parameter. Methods discussed include ground data, satellite estimates and numerical models. First, the methods for measuring, estimating, and modeling precipitation are discussed. Then, the most relevant datasets gathering precipitation information from those three sources are presented. The third part of the paper illustrates a number of the many applications of those measurements and databases, namely hydropower, data assimilation and validation of Regional Climate Models (RCM). The aim of the paper is to organize the many links and feedbacks between precipitation measurement, estimation and modeling, indicating the uncertainties and limitations of each technique in order to identify areas requiring further attention, and to show the limits within which datasets can be used. Special emphasis is put on the central role of the upcoming Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission in precipitation science. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
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39. Drylines in Argentina: Synoptic Climatology and Processes Leading to Their Genesis

Author

Juan Ruiz, Hernán Bechis, and Paola Salio

Subjects
Atmosphere, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Atmospheric Science, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climatology, drylines, Environmental science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Synoptic climatology, mesoscale meteorology
Abstract

Drylines have been identified as relevant synoptic-scale phenomena that frequently occur in several regions around the world. Despite previous works and the experience of local forecasters that recognizes the occurrence of drylines in Argentina and suggests its possible association with convection initiation, knowledge about the mechanisms leading to the genesis of these features is poor. This paper presents the first synoptic climatology of these drylines as well as a first approach to the understanding of the processes leading to their formation. The climatology is based on an automated algorithm for dryline identification applied to reanalysis data. We found that drylines are more frequent between the northern Patagonia plateau and the central Argentinean plains. A composite analysis is performed to analyze the processes leading to the formation of synoptic-scale drylines within this region. It was found that these drylines form in the confluence between a warm and moist air mass driven by a northwesterly flow and drier air flowing east over the northern Patagonia plateau. The dry air originates on top of the Pacific maritime boundary layer and experiences lee subsidence after crossing the Andes range creating an area of dry and warm air that is advected to the east by the westerly synoptic-scale flow, and transported downward during the day due to strong boundary layer turbulence. At the same time, surface heating over the plateau leads to substantial warming of the originally colder dry air behind the dryline, thus reversing the horizontal temperature gradient across the dryline. Fil: Bechis, Hernán. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Ruiz, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina

Published
2019

40. Convective Storm Life Cycle and Environments near the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina

Author

Jake P. Mulholland, Paola Salio, Kristen L. Rasmussen, Robert J. Trapp, and Stephen W. Nesbitt

Subjects
CONVECTIVE STORMS, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, MESOSCALE PROCESSES, REANALYSIS DATA, STORM ENVIRONMENTS, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, 020801 environmental engineering, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], RADARS/RADAR OBSERVATIONS, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Climatology, Convective storm detection, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Geology, CLIMATOLOGY, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Satellite observations have revealed that some of the world's most intense deep convective storms occur near the Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina, South America. A C-band, dual-polarization Doppler weather radar recently installed in the city of Córdoba in 2015 is now providing a high-resolution radar perspective of this intense convection. Radar data from two austral spring and summer seasons (2015-17) are used to document the convective life cycle, while reanalysis data are utilized to construct storm environments across this region. Most of the storms in the region are multicellular and initiate most frequently during the early afternoon and late evening hours near and just east of the Sierras de Córdoba. Annually, the peak occurrence of these storms is during the austral summer months of December, January, and February. These Córdoba radar-based statistics are shown to be comparable to statistics derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar data. While generally similar to storm environments in the United States, storm environments in central Argentina tend to be characterized by larger CAPE and weaker low-level vertical wind shear. One of the more intriguing results is the relatively fast transition from first storms to larger mesoscale convective systems, compared with locations in the central United States. Fil: Mulholland, Jake P.. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Nesbitt, Stephen William. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Trapp, Robert J.. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Rasmussen, Kristen L.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina

Published
2018

41. Analysis and evaluation of WRF microphysical schemes for deep moist convection over south-eastern South America (SESA) using microwave satellite observations and radiative transfer simulations

Author

V. S. Galligani, D. Wang, M. Alvarez Imaz, P. Salio, C. Prigent, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, RADIATIVE TRANSFER, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, CLOUD MICROPHYSICS, Radiative transfer, lcsh:TA170-171, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Microphysics, lcsh:TA715-787, Scattering, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING, Snow, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Environmental science, Satellite, DEEP CONVECTION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, Graupel, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

In the present study, three meteorological events of extreme deep moist convection, characteristic of south-eastern South America, are considered to conduct a systematic evaluation of the microphysical parameterizations available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by undertaking a direct comparison between satellite-based simulated and observed microwave radiances. A research radiative transfer model, the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS), is coupled with the WRF model under three different microphysical parameterizations (WSM6, WDM6 and Thompson schemes). Microwave radiometry has shown a promising ability in the characterization of frozen hydrometeors. At high microwave frequencies, however, frozen hydrometeors significantly scatter radiation, and the relationship between radiation and hydrometeor populations becomes very complex. The main difficulty in microwave remote sensing of frozen hydrometeor characterization is correctly characterizing this scattering signal due to the complex and variable nature of the size, composition and shape of frozen hydrometeors. The present study further aims at improving the understanding of frozen hydrometeor optical properties characteristic of deep moist convection events in south-eastern South America. In the present study, bulk optical properties are computed by integrating the single-scattering properties of the Liu(2008) discrete dipole approximation (DDA) single-scattering database across the particle size distributions parameterized by the different WRF schemes in a consistent manner, introducing the equal mass approach. The equal mass approach consists of describing the optical properties of the WRF snow and graupel hydrometeors with the optical properties of habits in the DDA database whose dimensions might be different (Dmax′) but whose mass is conserved. The performance of the radiative transfer simulations is evaluated by comparing the simulations with the available coincident microwave observations up to 190ĝ€GHz (with observations from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMI/S)) using the I‡2 test. Good agreement is obtained with all observations provided special care is taken to represent the scattering properties of the snow and graupel species. Fil: Galligani, Victoria Sol. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Centro de Inv.del Mar y la Atmosfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Wang, Die. Laboratoire D'etudes Du Rayonnement Et de la Matiere En Astrophysique Et Atmospheres; Francia Fil: Alvarez Imaz, María de Los Milagros. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Centro de Inv.del Mar y la Atmosfera; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Centro de Inv.del Mar y la Atmosfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Prigent, Catherine. Laboratoire D'etudes Du Rayonnement Et de la Matiere En Astrophysique Et Atmospheres; Francia

Published
2017

42. C-band Dual-Polarization Radar Observations of a Massive Volcanic Eruption in South America

Author

Paola Salio, Maria Soledad Osores, Stephen W. Nesbitt, Luigi Mereu, Luciano Vidal, Maria Gabriela Nicora, Camila Farias, and Frank S. Marzano

Subjects
Calbuco volcano, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Early-warning radar, 0211 other engineering and technologies, VOLCANIS ASH, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Space-based radar, law.invention, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], law, volcanic ash, Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, polarimetric signatures, CALBUCO VOLCANOE, Computers in Earth Sciences, Radar, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Vulcanian eruption, RADAR, C-band meteorological radar, Volcano, 13. Climate action, LIGHTNING, lightning activity, Weather radar, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, Geology, Seismology, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Volcanic ash
Abstract

The eruption of Calbuco volcano on April 22-23, 2015 is the first volcanic eruption detected by a weather radar in South America. The detection was performed by the first domestically produced Argentinean weather radar, called RMA0 and located at Bariloche International Airport. It is a C-band Doppler dual-polarization system, manufactured by INVAP S.E. as a part of the new radar network of Argentina. The aim of this study is to present analysis of the time evolution of the structure of the volcanic plume using polarimetric observables. In order to explore the potential of this new data set for the analysis of the Calbuco volcano eruption column and dispersed ash cloud, synthetic backscattering signatures at C-band have been simulated and used to set up a threshold-based algorithm for tephra-type classification. An evaluation of lightning activity and its relationships with the volcanic particle spatial distribution and attendant polarimetric radar signatures are also discussed. Fil: Vidal, Luciano. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Nesbitt, Stephen William. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unidos Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Farias, Camila. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina Fil: Nicora, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina Fil: Osores, María Soledad. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Mereu, Luigi. Universita Di Roma; Italia Fil: Marzano, Frank S.. Universita Di Roma; Italia

Published
2017

43. Evaluation of high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates over southern South America using a dense rain gauge network

Author

Daniel Vila, Yanina García Skabar, Paola Salio, and María Paula Hobouchian

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Quantitative precipitation estimation, Estimaciones de preciitacion, Rain gauge, Precipitacion, Climatology, Environmental science, High resolution, Precipitation, Satellite precipitation, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente
Abstract

Six different satellite rainfall estimates are evaluated for a 24-hour accumulation period at 12 UTC with a 0.25 degree resolution. The rain gauge data are obtained froma dense inter-institutional station network for December 1, 2008 to November 30, 2010 over South America. The evaluated satellite rainfall products are the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 V6, V7 and RT, the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique (CMORPH), Hydroestimator (HYDRO) and the Combined Scheme algorithm (CoSch). The validation and intercomparison of these products are focused on southern South America. The performance improves in the ?blended? estimates by including microwave observations and surface observations in the adjustments, i.e., 3B42 V6, V7 and CoSch; however, large overestimations are detectable inCMORPH, principally for extreme values over plains areas. The estimates based on parameters associated with infrared images only (HYDRO) underestimate precipitation south of 20° S and tend to overestimate the warm precipitation to the north. The inclusion of observed precipitation data is convenient from monthly (3B42 V7 and V6) to daily scales (CoSch) and improves the estimates. The estimates that include microwave observations show a strong tendency to overestimate extreme values of precipitation over 70mm. This effect is strongly evident in northern and central Argentina and southern Brazil. A deeper assessment is necessary, particularly over the Central Andes, where effects of topography principally associated with solid precipitation correspond to the persistence of majorly overestimated precipitation. Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Instituto Franco-Argentino sobre Estudios de Clima y sus Impactos; Argentina Fil: Hobouchian, Maria Paula. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina Fil: García Skabar, Yanina. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina. Instituto Franco-Argentino sobre Estudios de Clima y sus Impactos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Vila, Daniel. CPTEC-INPE. Divisão de Satélites e Sistemas Ambientais; Brasil

Published
2014

44. Evaluation of mesoscale convective systems in South America using multiple satellite products and an object‐based approach

Author

Juan B. Valdés, Daniel Andrés Rodriguez, Paola Salio, E. E. Ebert, Eleonora M. C. Demaria, and Fengge Su

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, Mesoscale meteorology, Drainage basin, Soil Science, Magnitude (mathematics), Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Geochemistry and Petrology, Sistemas convectivos de Mesoescala, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Precipitation, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Storm, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Estimaciones de precipitación, Climatology, PERSIANN, Environmental science, Satellite, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, Intensity (heat transfer), CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

In this study, an object-based verification method was used to reveal the existence of systematic errors in three satellite precipitation products: Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH), and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN). Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) for the austral summer 2002–2003 in the La Plata river basin, southeastern South America, were analyzed with the Contiguous Rain Area (CRA) method. Errors in storms intensity, volume, and spatial location were evaluated. A macroscale hydrological model was used to assess the impact of spatially shifted precipitation on streamflows simulations. PERSIANN underestimated the observed average rainfall rate and maximum rainfall consistent with the detection of storm areas systematically larger than observed. CMORPH overestimated the average rainfall rate while the maximum rainfall was slightly underestimated. TRMM average rainfall rate and rainfall volume correlated extremely well with ground observations whereas the maximum rainfall was systematically overestimated suggesting deficiencies in the bias correction procedure to filter noisy measurements. The preferential direction of error displacement in satellite-estimated MCSs was in the east-west direction for CMORPH and TRMM. Discrepancies in the fine structure of the storms dominated the error decomposition of all satellite products. Errors in the spatial location of the systems influenced the magnitude of simulated peaks but did not have a significant impact on the timing indicating that the system's response to precipitation was mitigating the effect of the errors. Fil: Demaria, E. M. C.. University Of Arizona; Estados Unidos Fil: Rodriguez, D. A.. Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudos Climaticos. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; Brasil Fil: Ebert, E. E.. Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research; Australia Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmosfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmosfera; Argentina Fil: Su, F.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Valdes, J. B.. University Of Arizona; Estados Unidos

Published
2011

45. January and July regional climate simulation over South America

Author

John L. McGregor, Jack Katzfey, Andrea Celeste Saulo, Matilde Nicolini, and Paola Salio

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Statistical methods, Meteorology, Soil Science, Regional Climate Modeling, Pressure effects, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Climatology (1620) [3309 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics], Geochemistry and Petrology, South America Climate, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sea level, climate modeling, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Climatology, Ecology, Geographical regions, regional climate, Limited area model, Mode (statistics), Paleontology, Forestry, Computer simulation, South America, Atmospheric research, Climate dynamics (3309) [1620 Global Change], Temperature distribution, Nested set model, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Numerical modeling and data assimilation [3337 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics], South american, General Circulation Model, Model Validation, Environmental science, Climate simulation
Abstract

This work presents results, over the South American region, from the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research limited area model (DARLAM) and from the ninelevel general circulation model (GCM) of CSIRO (CSIRO Mk 2), within which it was nested in a one-way mode. Ten separate 30-day DARLAM simulations were performed for both January and July with a resolution of 125 km and were averaged to obtain a climatology for those months. This paper presents for the first time simulations of the January South American climate using a limited area model; previous similar studies simulated only the July climate. The goal of this study was to examine the capability of the CSIRO Mk 2 - DARLAM nested modeling system for simulating the climate in the South American region. Further, it was desired to investigate whether the higher resolution of DARLAM improves the simulated climate over various subregions, compared with the GCM and observations. With this purpose, a representative set of variables was analyzed and statistically compared. Overall, the fields simulated by the nesting system provide a better representation of the South American climate than the GCM. In particular, significant improvements are found in the nested model climatology for near-surface temperature and mean sea level pressure. Comparison of the January and July simulations shows a better wintertime performance. Some significant summertime features, like the Bolivian High, are reasonably well simulated by DARLAM, but not by the GCM. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union. Fil: Nicolini, Matilde. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Katzfey, J. J.. Csiro Oceans and Atmosphere; Australia Fil: McGregor, J. L.. Csiro Oceans and Atmosphere; Australia Fil: Salio, Paola Veronica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina

Published
2002

46. Integrated Drought Management, Volume 2 : Forecasting, Monitoring, and Managing Risk

Author

Vijay P. Singh, Deepak Jhajharia, Rasoul Mirabbasi, Rohitashw Kumar, Vijay P. Singh, Deepak Jhajharia, Rasoul Mirabbasi, and Rohitashw Kumar

Subjects
Drought forecasting, Drought management, Droughts, Climatic changes, Meteorology, Agricultural
Abstract

The second volume of this comprehensive global perspective on Integrated Drought Management is focused on drought modeling, meteorological prediction, and the use of remote sensing in assessing, analyzing, and monitoring drought. It discusses risk management, planning, policy, and societal impacts of drought such as water pricing, water transfer, water quality, and crop insurance. Through numerous case studies from India, Iran, Brazil, the US, Nepal, and other countries that cover a broad range of topics and geographical regions, this volume serves as a valuable resource for all professionals, researchers, and academics who want to advance their knowledge about droughts. Features Provides a global perspective on drought prediction and management and a synthesis of the recent state of knowledge. Covers a wide range of topics from essential concepts and advanced techniques for forecasting and modeling drought to societal impacts, consequences, and planning Presents numerous case studies with different management approaches from different regions and countries. Addresses how climate change impacts drought, the increasing challenges associated with managing drought, decision-making, and policy implications. Includes contributions from hundreds of experts from around the world. Professionals, researchers, academics, and postgraduate students with knowledge in environmental sciences, ecology, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, water resources engineering, and earth sciences, as well as those interested in how climate change impacts drought management, will gain new insights from the experts featured in this two-volume handbook.

Published
2023

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