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The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the barriers perceived by companies and empirically analyse their influence on eco-innovation. Thus, in the article, we consider financial, knowledge, market, and regulatory barriers, since they have been shown to be crucial in the context of innovation management. For the empirical analysis, we use data from Flash Eurobarometers 426, 456 and 498. The three samples used include European companies and provide information on the development of eco-innovative activities, as well as on their drivers and barriers. The use of these data allows us not only to analyse the barriers to eco-innovation, but also their possible changes between the three years selected; 2015, 2017 and 2021. The results obtained show that the perception of barriers is positively related with eco-innovation, forming part of the experiential learning process. Financial and regulatory barriers show some predominance, although in 2021 knowledge and market barriers also become particularly relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main object of this paper is to study the determinants of eco-innovations worldwide. The rising world's temperature and the increase of natural disasters occurred in most recent years have increased the concerns about the sustainability of the economic activity. In this regard, ecological innovation has been gaining a special relevance in the past years. Despite this, countries are heterogeneous in terms of producing green innovations. This provides us with an opportunity to understand its determinants and to offer a guidance on how to act for both, companies and governments. The study moves into this direction and tries to understand the institutional factors that would explain differences between countries regarding the number of eco-innovations. We test our hypotheses on data collected from PATSTAT. In particular, the study focuses on the production of green patents in countries belonging to the OECD for the period 2007-2015. The emphasis is placed on institutional factors and the results show that intellectual property rights, the effectiveness of the judicial system and protectionism are determining factors of eco-innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to gain further understanding of those factors that explain how multinational enterprises (MNEs) internationalize and compete in foreign countries. In particular, we underscore the role of MNEs country of origin when examining the influence of cultural distance on entry mode decisions. Moreover, we argue that the entry mode choice will subsequently determine the way subsidiaries innovate. Based on arguments from transaction cost theory, our contention is that shared-owned subsidiaries will present lower adoption speed of innovations than fully-owned subsidiaries. Finally, the moderating role of the host country environment in reducing potential opportunism is considered. We test our hypothesis on the mobile telecommunication sector during the period 2000-2017. Based on information of 18 multinational groups that operate in the five continents, our findings mostly support our hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]