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Background: Alkalization of local anesthetics may have an impact on alleviating the injection pain by buffering these solutions with sodium bicarbonate. The present study aimed to evaluate the pain during local anesthetic buccal infiltration for the maxillary canines after adding sodium bicarbonate 8.4% during local anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A buffered 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate 8.4% was used for one site, and an unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine was used for the other site at the same appointment. Two groups of volunteers (15 male and 15 female) participated. Each participant received 0.6 mL of the anesthetic solution. Injection discomfort was assessed using a visual analog scale. Results: 73% and 93% of patients in group 1 experienced pain in sites A and B, respectively, during the injection, whereas 80% and 100% of patients in group 2 experienced pain in sites A and B, respectively, during the injection. Both groups showed a significant difference in pain scores between the two injected sites (P ˂ 0.01). Conclusion: Upper canine infiltration anesthesia with buffered lidocaine and epinephrine with sodium bicarbonate has less pain during injection than when unbuffered lidocaine with epinephrine is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone deficiency in the posterior maxillary bone can be associated with a large sinus cavity and this dilemma can limit implant placement for dental rehabilitation in this area. The maxillary sinus lifting technique can be the solution for many clinical situations with minimal bone height, allowing the placement of longer implants. Autogenous bone graft is a safe and reliable material for reconstructive surgery. In this article, a case of an elderly male patient with inadequate maxillary bone height is presented. Simultaneous maxillary sinus elevation and implant placement with autogenous parietal bone graft were performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a complete exchange of Ca2+ with Zn2+ ions on the structure of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O), which might be advantageous in the production process of CaxZn1−xHPO4·nH2O. To acquire the starting solutions needed for the current study, (NH4)2HPO4, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O were utilized in several molar concentrations. The findings indicate that Ca is partly substituted by Zn when the Zn/Ca molar ratio is below 0.25 and that Zn doping hinders the crystallization of brushite. A continued increase in the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 1 (at which point the supersaturation of the Zn solution rises) led to a biphasic compound of monoclinic brushite and parascholzite precipitate. Elevating the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 1.5 resulted in a precipitate of a parascholzite-like mineral. Finally, increasing the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 4 and above resulted in the formation of the hopeite mineral. Future biomaterial production with specific and bespoke characteristics can be achieved by adjusting the Zn/Ca ratio in the starting solution. It Rhas been established that the Zn/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be adjusted to obtain minerals with specific compositions. Thus, new synthesis methods for parascholzite and hopeite were introduced for the first time in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal aim of this concise review is to provide an updated practical knowledge with reference to the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. It mainly outlines their characteristics and clarifies their interrelationship. Contemporary scientific research indicated that diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of periodontitis. On the other hand, a chronic periodontal disease may affect the natural development of diabetes. Various triggering and modifying factors can induce both diseases, and interindividual variances are involved in the risk of their progress. Well-controlled periodontal disease may enhance glycemic control in diabetics. On the other hand, improved glycemic control may lead to a wellcontrolled periodontal disease. It is essential to establish a good consultation between the dentist and the specialist responsible for a diabetic patient, efforts being made to evidence the interrelated impact of the diseases, whose control will lead to significant clinical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: to investigate the possible correlation between personality traits and higher grade point average GPA among dental students at a Saudi dental college. Materials and methods: Dental students and interns at College of Dentistry, "King Saud Bin Abdulaziz" University for Health Sciences were asked to participate in the study. Method of assessment: an online 50-question Five Factor Model Test conducted by a specialized company in the field of human resources (www.truity.com), performed using I-Pad devices. The GPA was collected by each student and plotted against each of the five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism). Results and discussion: The final study sample consisted of 159 participants representing all levels in the college of dentistry. The study showed that the most dominant personality trait is agreeableness, while high conscientiousness was the least dominant personality trait found among both males (17.8%) and females (21.1%). When looking into the GPA, most of the females were above 4.5 and only 1.7% of them were below 4. However, among males only 11.1% had a GPA above 4.5, while 46.7% had a GPA below 4. Openness was found as significantly correlated with agreeableness and conscientiousness, whereas agreeableness was found as significantly associated with neuroticism. However, they are inversely related. There was a significant inverse correlation between GPA and agreeable female students. Also, a significant relation between extravert male students and conscientiousness was observed. Conclusions: The more open a person is, the more agreeable and conscientious he/she is. Female students registered higher GPA than male students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out to investigate the effect of a one-week post-operative course of 600 mg of ibuprofen taken four times a day on marginal bone level around dental implants. Materials and methods: A total of 61 patients were allocated to the ibuprofen (31 patients) or placebo group (30 patients). Overall, 132 implants were inserted, 67 implants in the ibuprofen group and 65 implants in the placebo group. Preparation of the implant sites was carried out with an intermittent drilling sequence adapted to the fixture diameter and the local bone quality according to the Astra Tech implant installation guide. The primary outcome measure was the change in marginal bone level around dental implants from the baseline (2 weeks post-placement) to the 3- and 6-month radiographic examinations. The paralleling technique and a film holder coupled to a beamaiming device were used to take the periapical radiographs. Measurement of changes in bone level was made using a viewing box and ×8 magnifier. Results: Two patients from the ibuprofen group were unable to complete the prescribed course of ibuprofen owing to a minor self-reported stomach upset. A patient from the control group did not attend any of the scheduled appointments following implant placement. A total of three patients dropped out. All implants survived in either group during the 6-month observation period. The mean marginal bone level changes from the baseline were (-0.33 mm) at the 3-month and (-0.29 mm) at the 6-month follow-up for the ibuprofen group while the corresponding values for the placebo group were (-0.12 mm) and (-0.30 mm). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for mean marginal bone level changes at 3 months (P = 0.27) or 6 months (P = 0.97). Conclusions: Administration of a short course of systemic ibuprofen for post-operative pain management subsequent to implant placement may not have a significant effect on the marginal bone around dental implants in the early healing period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Children in the same family are different from each other in their academic achievement and birth order plays an important role in defining a child's character and personality. Grade Point Average (GPA) refers to the grading processes used to measure educational achievement. Aim: To investigate the association between birth order (sibling rank) and academic performance in connection with other variables such as sibling size, gender, age, parent's education, parent's job and family monthly income. Materials and Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional survey where data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire to gather information about students' Cumulative Grade Point Average CGPA, birth order, age, socioeconomic status of the parents, family size and gender. Various methods were used for assessment such as written and oral exams, Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) and oral case presentation. A total of 308 questionnaires were distributed to the participants (174 male and 134 female) out of which 269 (148 male and 121 female) were returned. Excel sheet was used before reverting to statistical software SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. The F-test (ANOVA) compared the mean CGPA by the birth order. General linear model was used as a multivariable analysis to accommodate for other baseline characteristics. Chi-square test assessed the relationship between the birth order and CGPA categories. p-value <0.05 considered significant. Results: Comparing the mean CGPA between genders, females had higher mean than males with significant difference (p<0.001). While there was no significant difference in mean CGPA across the birth order groups (p=0.06). The results showed that the mean of the middle-born male participants had a CGPA of 4.31±0.32 compared to the last born with a CGPA of 4.17±0.43 and first or only child with a CGPA of 4.06±0.38, whereas the participants who were not the first born but the first gender or only gender had a CGPA of 4.01±0.45. Conclusion: This study found that middle-born males in Riyadh dental college had shown the highest tendency to have better academic performance compared to other birth order groups. Females did not show the same tendency and are eager to achieve high level in academic education regardless of their birth order or family size. The controversy of birth order effect on academic performance may continue to vary among countries, family sizes and different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based practice is the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research and patient's values and expectations into the decision making process for patient care. It is a fundamental skill to be able to identify and appraise the best available evidence in order to integrate it with your own clinical experience and patients values. The aim of this article is to provide a robust and simple process for assessing the credibility of articles and their value to your clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing a research proposal is probably one of the most challenging and difficult task as research is a new area for the majority of postgraduates and new researchers. The purpose of this article is to summarize the most important steps and necessary guidelines for producing a standard research protocol. Academic and administrative success of any project is usually determined by acquiring a grant for the related field of research. Hence, the quality of a protocol is primarily required to achieve success in this scientific competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the anatomy of the floor of mouth is very important as severe submandibular hemorrhages are life threatening. This case report illustrates the potential hemorrhage consequences of implant surgery within the interforaminal region. The highly vascularized interforaminal region is susceptible to hemorrhage, which can be induced simply by instruments causing vascular trauma. The risk of intraoperative bleeding can be minimized by painstaking preoperative clinical and radiological examination but cannot be averted as it is inherent in the underlying anatomy of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Pathology is the property of Turkish Journal of Pathology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background The knowledge of the root canal morphology and the possible anatomical variations of mandibular premolars are important for the successful endodontic treatment of such cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of two or three root canals in extracted first and second mandibular premolars which were collected from health centers in Syria. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten human mandibular premolars (70 first premolars and 40 second premolars) with fully developed roots were investigated. After access the cavity of the teeth, the root canals were explored and radiographs were taken. Results: Premolars with one canal were found in 87% of cases (53% first premolar and 34% second premolar) and premolars with two canals were found in 12% of cases (10% first premolar and 2% second premolar). There was just one case (1%) where a first premolar had three canals. These differences were statistically significant with P<0.05. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the anatomical variation in the mandibular premolars and be able to apply this knowledge in radiographical and clinical interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the surgical technique of sinus floor elevation with autogenous parietal bone grafting in conjunction with immediate dental implants for the reconstruction of the maxilla in deficient maxillary alveolar ridges. Seventeen patients who underwent sinus floor elevation with bone graft from the parietal bone between 2005 and 2007 were included in the study. Cases of extremely deficient bone level in the alveolar ridge<4mm were included in the study. Seventy-seven implants (49 Staumann ® , 24 Replace ® and 4 Ankylos ® ) with different length and diameter were placed immediately after the graft was placed. Strict oral hygiene was required for the patients. Presurgical and postsurgical panoramic radiographs were taken. A high-quality reconstruction with an increase in lifted sinus bone height was achieved with parietal bone particulates. Seventy-three implants were clinically osseointegrated and four implants were lost giving a success rate 94.8%. No correlation was found between failure and the surgery. The encouraging results of this study suggest that the technique of reconstruction of the sinus floor and the resorbed alveolar ridge using an autogenous parietal bone graft is reliable, giving the surgeon the opportunity to successfully perform immediate implant placement in more difficult and deficient maxillary alveolar bone height. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article subscribes to the initial condition of bone quality and its ultimate effect on the success of dental implant treatment. A high success rate for the preservation of the alveolar bone around oral implants is predicated on good bone quality. For implantologists, the class?fi cation of bone quality should be based on the key elements required for osseointegration. These include structural inorphology and cellular characteristics such as monocytes/macrophages, mesenchymal progenitor cells, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, and cells associated with angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Implant Dentistry is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the role of Lateral Pterygoid Muscle LPM in the articular disc displacement ADD, which is considered controversial due to the variations in the pattern of insertion of the Superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle SPLM., Background: It is well understood that the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle has only a single insertion pattern among individuals, in which the muscle is attached to the articular disc and capsule. However, recent findings in many studies have shown a noticeable variation in the insertion pattern of the upper LPM., Methods: MRI examinations were collected at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Scans of 61 patients (41 females, 20 males; mean age 33 years old) with symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction were reviewed retrospectively. The direction of their articular disc displacement was evaluated through sagittal and coronal views in both open and closed mouth positions., Results: There was no statistical significance found between the LPM attachment types and TMJ disc position. The chi-square test also showed no significant difference between the type of LPM attachment and the condylar location. Forty-five percent of the articular discs were located between the articular eminence and the glenoid fossa. The majority of the disc displacement was in the anterior direction., Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association found between the type of LPM attachments and the direction of disc displacement., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background and Aims: The long duration of orthodontic treatment is a major patients' concern. A noninvasive method of accelerating tooth movement in a physiological manner is needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG laser application during orthodontic treatment of deep bite and to evaluate its analgesic effect during that movement., Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was performed on 30 patients with deep bite. Sample was divided into two groups: (A), 15 patients (orthodontic treatment-control group) and (B), 15 patients (orthodontic treatment and Er:YAG Laser - laser group). The tooth movement was evaluated as the primary outcome variable by measuring angular and linear changes on three progress lateral cephalometeric radiographs (T1, T2 and T3); Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment (T1), immediately after finishing the stage of leveling and alignment (T2) and after completion of the intrusion stage (T3).Laser parameters were 400 mJ/10 Hz/4 W and 400 mJ/15 Hz/6 W, depending on the handpiece used. The levels of pain and discomfort were evaluated and ranked according to a visual analog scale. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests were used to detect significant differences., Results: The main findings of the treatment were (1) significant positive difference in the rates of tooth intrusion movement on the experimental group compared with the control group at the baseline to T2 and T3 interval and the tooth movement rate was approximately 3 times faster in the experimental group. (2) The pain score in the experimental group was significantly lower compared with the control group on day 3 as on day 7., Conclusion: The application of Er:YAG laser is an effective mean to speed orthodontic tooth movement with a significant reduction in pain and discomfort after application., (2018, Japan Medical Laser Laboratory.)

For patients with shortened dental arches, many treatment options are available. The existing situation can be maintained by stabilizing the present dentition and improving the occlusion without extending the arch. Alternatively, the shortened dental arch can be extended by either a free-end saddle removable partial denture, cantilevered fixed bridge, or by an implant-supported prosthesis. The free-end saddle removable partial denture can be considered a simple, non-invasive, and relatively cheap treatment option for the shortened dental arch. It was believed that such prosthodontic rehabilitation would be beneficial for the patients in terms of improving oral functions. However, the existing literature indicates that the prognosis of free-end saddle removable partial denture is not predictable, it is problematic, and its contribution to oral functions in patients with shortened dental arches is considered to be dubious. This paper reviews and summarizes the current literature about the outcome of extending the shortened dental arch by a free-end saddle removable partial denture. It also outlines factors that may affect the prognosis of this prosthetic treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize alteration in the immunohistochemical expression of p16 in normal tissue of the salivary gland surrounding pleomorphic adenoma, and the tumor cells of pleomorphic adenomas., Material and Method: A selected series of 120 cases of pleomorphic adenomas were examined., Results: The results showed that p16 expression in non tumor duct cells was strong positive nuclear staining in 98 (81.6%) cases out of 120, while there were 20 (16.6%) with moderate staining, and 2 (1.6%) with weak staining in the components of normal tissue of the salivary gland surrounding pleomorphic adenoma. p16 expression in pleomorphic adenomas showed 71 (59.1%) cases with moderate nuclear staining in the duct cells, 45 (37.5%) cases with nuclear weak staining, and 4 (3.3%) cases with negative staining. p16 nuclear staining in myxochondroid tissue was identified in 4 (3.3%) cases with strong staining, 65 (54.1%) cases had moderate staining, and 51 (42.5%) cases had weak staining., Conclusion: This study suggests alteration of p16 expression in pleomorphic adenomas. P16 might have a role in the development of pleomorphic adenoma.

Aside from clinical evaluation, the interpretation of radiographic images is one of the most frequently applied diagnostic procedures in patients with oral implants. Radiology is an important part of treatment with tissue-integrated prostheses, both at the pre-operative stage to obtain full assessment of the bony host and at the post- operative stage to assess the clinical result. Radiographic examination of peri-implant tissues is an essential diagnostic prerequisite for the evaluation of success and failure of oral implants. A case of peri-implant radiolucency detected 3 months after surgical placement is presented. A remarkable regression of the radiolucency was noticed after a successful anti-infective therapy. The aim was to stress the role of oral radiology in exploring peri-implant bone defects. At this point, appropriate intervention might save early-failing implants from complete loss of osseointegration.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the biochemical topography of collagen types I and III and to describe the histological structure at the implant placement site to determine the clinical significance of the findings and their possible interaction with bone healing around dental implants., Material and Methods: Bone cores from 9 mandibles were taken from the site of placement of dental implants. The reliable technique for rapid preparation of fresh-frozen undecalcified bone sections and the indirect immunofluorescent technique as an immunohistochemical procedure were applied. All sections were viewed under U.V light. For comparative purposes the tissue blocks remaining were used for general histology examination., Results: A homogenous distribution of collagen type I throughout the sections of all cores was evident. Whereas, the distribution of collagen type III throughout the sections of all cores was heterogeneous with different staining patterns. On the other hand, seven cores of the general histology study showed a structure of lamellar mature bone and two cores showed a structure of less mature woven bone., Conclusion: The biochemical and histological structures of the hosted bone may have an impact on the speed of bone healing around dental implants.

The possible occurrence of implant failure is a major concern for implantologists and knowledge in such unavoidable fact is clinically essential. Periimplantitis is an inflammatory response in which there is a loss of the bony support of the implant. Diagnosis is based on the clinical signs of infection such as hyperplastic soft tissues, suppuration, colour changes of the marginal peri-implant tissues and gradual bone loss. This site-specific infection may have many features in common with chronic adult periodontitis. Surgical trauma, micromotion and overload are also considered to be associated with implant failures. The lack of osseointegration is generally distinguished by implant mobility and radiological radiolucency. Here, the implant is considered to be failed . Progressive marginal bone loss without marked mobility is referring to a failing implant. The purpose of this concise review was to discuss the implant complications and failure by highlighting the major etiologic factors as well as the parameters used for evaluating such failure.