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This study was proposed to examine the effects of pine needles powder (Pinus brutia) supplementation on growth performance, breast meat composition, and antioxidant status in broilers fed linseed oil-based diets. For this purpose, a total of 210, Ross-308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to 5 experimental groups each containing 42 birds. Broilers were fed a linseed oil-based basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.25% (P1), 0.50% (P2), 0.75% (P3), and 1% (P4) pine needles powder. During the 42-D feeding period, no significant differences were observed between experimental groups for body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio; however, carcass yield was increased linearly with pine needles powder supplementation. No marked changes in the breast meat chemical composition were observed among experimental groups. Supplemental pine needles powder linearly decreased the malondialdehyde concentration in breast meat and liver tissues; however, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of breast meat samples remained unaffected. No significant variation was observed among experimental groups for superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in blood erythrocyte lysates, but blood serum total oxidation status tended to decrease with pine needles powder supplementation. In conclusion, results suggested that pine needles powder supplementation to broiler diets could be a viable option to improve the animal antioxidant status and meat oxidative stability; however, supplementation of Pinus brutia needles powder up to 1% into broiler diets was not sufficient to efficiently curb the fat-induced oxidation in meat. Further investigation is needed to determine the full antioxidant potential of pine needles powder supplementation in poultry by comparing different pine species, evaluating the bioavailability of their active compounds and determining most effective dietary concentration for broiler meat production without any adverse effects.

This study evaluated the effects of a graded concentration of dietary calcium soaps of tallow (CST) supplementation on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, abdominal fat fatty acid profile, bone biomechanical properties, and bone mineral composition. One hundred and forty 11-d-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 5 replicate pens containing 7 birds per each. The birds received cornsoybean meal based diet and CST (CST0, CST10, CST20, and CST30, respectively) was included in the grower (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg) and finisher (0, 15, 30, and 45 g/kg) diet at the expense of vegetable acid oil and limestone. Dietary supplementations had no significant effect on BWG and FI during the entire experimental period. However, FCR was improved in CST0 and CST10 groups in comparison to those of the CST20 group from d 11 to d 42. According to the present study result, dietary supplementation of low level of CST significantly influenced intestinal microarchitecture of the jejunum and ileum by improving villus height/crypt ratio and villus height, respectively. Femur (P=0.001) and tibia (P=0.020) stiffness increased linearly with the increasing level of dietary CST. Tibia Ca (P=0.009) and P (P=0.009) concentration of CST10 and CST30 groups were lower than the CST0 group. Increasing levels of CST in diets significantly reduced the Fe and Mn concentrations in tibia samples. In conclusion, supplementation of CST has no detrimental effect on broiler performance parameters and might be used as an alternative dietary fat source in the broiler industry.

The aim of this study was conducted to determine the effects of sepiolite usage on pellet production parameters and pellet quality characteristics for dairy cattle concentrate feed under regular industrial conditions. In the experiment, 14 mt pellet feeds for control and two treatment groups with 7 batch each were produced in a commercial feed factory. Each batch was 2 mt. Control group feed produced contained 87.37% dry matter, 18.06% crude protein, 6.95% crude fibre and 5.34% ether extract. For the treatment groups, 1% and 1.5% sepiolite (Exal T) were used as top dressed in the mixer. Pelleting disc having 6.5 mm hole diameter was used in the factory. Energy consumption during pellet manufacturing was decreased with sepiolite supplementation (P

WOS: 000342266000009, The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall (YCW) on performance, egg quality, some blood parameters and humoral immune response of laying hens during 26 wks period. For this purpose a total of 225 Hyline Brown laying hens, 39 wks of age, were allocated to one control group and four treatment groups. Basal diet was supplemented with YCW derived from bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (InteMOS) at the level of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg in the diets of the first, second, third and fourth treatment groups, respectively. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion, and egg internal and external quality characteristics. YCW supplementation at the level of 1 and 2 g/kg decreased egg yolk cholesterol level as mg per g yolk (P < 0.05). Blood serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased with the dietary inclusion of YCW at the level of 2, 3 and 4 g/kg (P < 0.01). Dietary YCW supplementation increased antibody titres to SRBC (P < 0.01). As a result dietary YCW at the level of 1 and 2 g/kg had beneficial effects in the production of low cholesterol eggs and improvement in humoral immunity response., Integro Food and Feed Manufacturing Company (Istanbul, Turkey), This work was supported by Integro Food and Feed Manufacturing Company (Istanbul, Turkey).

WOS: 000344689400018, This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and histopathological changes in broilers. A total of 272 Ross 308 male broiler chicks aged one day were allocated into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. A basal diet was supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg yeast cell wall (InteMos) to obtain dietary treatments. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Dietary yeast cell wall increased body weight gain during the first three weeks (P, Integro Food and Feed Manufacturing Company (Istanbul, Turkey), The authors wish to thank Integro Food and Feed Manufacturing Company (Istanbul, Turkey) for supporting this study and Beypilic for supplying chicks (Bolu, Turkey).

WOS: 000302198700024, This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary sepiolite on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broilers. A total of 204 daily Ross 308 female broiler chicks were allocated into one control group and two treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. Sepiolite was used at the level of 0%, 0.5% and 1% for the diets of control group and the first and second treatment groups, respectively. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Supplemental sepiolite improved body weight (P

WOS: 000294879500008, This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of live yeast culture (RumiSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and to investigate its effects on milk yield, milk composition and some blood parameters in lactating cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were allocated to two groups of three cows and assigned randomly to one of two diets in a cross-over experiment. Daily 50 g RumiSacc was top dressed at the p.m. feeding for the treatment group. RumiSacc supplied a high protein and energy with high organic matter digestibility values (83.35%) determined by in vitro enzymatic analysis. Yeast culture supplementation significantly increased milk yield, tended to increase fat yield, protein yield and lactose yield of milk. Methylated fatty acid level of 18:3 (n-3) in milk fat was increased by yeast culture supplementation. The concentrations of methionine, phenyalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and taurine were significantly increased with dietary inclusion of yeast culture. Live yeast culture supplementation did not affect other performance characteristics, milk quality characteristics and blood parameters. As a conclusion live yeast culture (RumiSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) had high nutritive value and positive effects on milk production and some milk quality characteristics in lactating cows under field conditions.

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation to the broiler turkey diets on the performance characteristics, some blood parameters and immune system. A total of 48 female poults aged five weeks were divided into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 12 female poults. The diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 1, 2 and 3 g/kg yeast culture (Diamond V “XP”, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), respectively. The experimental period lasted 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, carcass yield, weights and rates of internal organs, abdominal fat and the values of pH and viscosity of small intestine of turkeys were not significantly affected by different levels of yeast culture. There were no significant differences among the groups in total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase of blood serum and haemetological parameters. Immune system of turkeys was also not affected by dietary yeast culture. The results in this study demonstrated that yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation at the levels of 1, 2 and 3 g/kg to the diets of female broiler turkeys did not have any significant effects on performance characteristics, some blood parameters and immune system., Bu araştırma, broyler dişi hindi rasyonlarına farklı düzeylerde maya kültürü (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ilavesinin hindilerde verim özellikleri, bazı kan parametreleri ve immun sistem üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Toplam 48 adet 5 haftalık dişi palazı her biri 12 adet palazdan meydana gelen 1 kontrol ve 3 deneme olmak üzere toplam 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü deneme grupları rasyonlarına sırasıyla 1, 2 ve 3 g/kg düzeylerinde maya kültürü (Diamond V “XP”, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ilave edilmiştir. Deneme 10 hafta sürdürülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda rasyonlara farklı düzeylerde ilave edilen maya kültürünün hindilerde canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı üzerine önemli etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Rasyonlara maya kültürü ilavesi karkas randımanını, iç organ ağırlıklarını, abdominal yağ ağırlığı ile oranlarını, ince bağırsak pH'sı ve viskositesini etkilememiştir. Kan serumu toplam protein, kolesterol, trigliserit, ürik asit ALT, AST, ALP düzeyleri bakımından gruplar arasında istatistik önem taşıyan farklılık oluşmamıştır. Hindilerde maya kültürünün immun sistem üzerinde de herhangi bir önemli etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, broyler dişi hindi rasyonlarına 1, 2 ve 3 g/kg düzeylerinde maya kültürü (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ilavesinin hindilerde verim özellikleri, bazı kan parametreleri, ince bağırsak pH’sı ve viskositesi ile immun sistem üzerinde önemli bir etkisi saptanmamıştır.

This study was conducted to study the effects of dietary garlic powder on laying performance, egg traits and blood serum cholesterol level of quails. A total of three hundred quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged nine weeks were used. They were allocated to 3 dietary treatments. Each treatment comprised 5 replicates of 20 quails. The diets were supplemented with 0, 5 and 10 g/kg garlic powder. The experimental period lasted 21 weeks. The addition of garlic powder did not significantly affect body weight, egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index and egg Haugh unit. Adding 5 and 10 g/kg garlic powder to the laying quail diets increased egg weight (p

This study was carried out to determine the effeets of the usage of enzyme and avaparcin alone or ın combinaıionon pcrforınance. carcass yield and same blood parameters of quails. A total of 328 daily Japanese quail chicb (Coııırniı coıumi\jupoııiCil) were used in this experiment. They \'oae divided into 4 groups (I control and 3 treatment groups) eaclı containıng 82chıcb. Each group was divided into 2 replieate groups eontaining 41 ehieks. Experimental diets were suppleınented withroxazyme-G (I 000 ppm) and avaparcin (I 5 ppm) alone or in combination. The experimental period la,ted five weeks. Aı the end ofthe study there were no statistically differenees among the groups in live weight. earcass yield and total protein and total lipid value,of blood serıını. Feed consumption per one kg live weight gain of control group and i..2. and 3. treatment groups during trial \Vercdetermined as 3.06. 3. 18. 3.09 and 3. i()kg, respectively. It is eoncluded that the supplementation of roxazyme-G with or wiıhoutavaparcin to tlıe rations had no important effect on fattening performanee, earcass yield and total protein and total lipid valucs ofblood senım of quai Ls.

Çeşitli mercimek )'Cm ürünlcrind~ ()'fmlik mercimek, iyi kalitelimercimek kepeği, kötü kaliteli mercimek kepeği), kuru madde (KM), organikmadde (OM), azat (.iV), 1lijtral deterjan fiber (NDF) ve asit dete~jan fiber(ADF)'in rumende ]ıkılabilirlikleri in situ naylon torba tekniği ile 'belirlendi.Araştırmada rumen kanülü takılmış, ortalam), 40 kg ağırlığUlda olan3 baş Ankara keçi tekesi kullanıldı. Hayvanlar iyi kaliteli kıyılmış kuru çayırotu ile beslendiler.Yemlik mercimekte KAl, OM, NDF vı ADF'nin yıkıhibilirliği, diğermercimek yan ürünlerinden deka )'iiksek hulundv. Yemlik mercimek, iyi ile Mtükaliteli mercimek kepeği kuru maddesinin mmende maksimum jJotans(yel yıkılabilen değerleri sırasıyla % 87,58, 67.55 ve 5 ı.85 olarak belirlendi ..lvIerdmek yan ürünlerinin, ii;;;eUikle)'Cmlik mercimeğin, rumende çozunebilen ve yıkılabilen o'{.otlUıfazla miktarda olduğu gözlendi. Bu durum,mercimek yan ürünlerinin, runıenfonksiyonu için çözünehilert ve yıkılabilen 'azotsağlayarak düşük dü::.qde az:,ot kapS{l)'a71k{ıba yemleri tamamlayıcı olarakkullanılabileceğini göstermektedir