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49. Efficacy of novel water‐absorbing polymer amended soil for improving drought resilience of Solanum lycopersicum.

Author

Rattan, Bharat, Saha, Abhisekh, Bordoloi, Sanandam, Garg, Ankit, Sahoo, Lingaraj, and Sekharran, S.

Subjects
TOMATOES, DROUGHTS, FOOD crops, SOILS, FLY ash, CROP yields
Abstract

Climate change has exacerbated the frequency and duration of droughts. To sustain food production in such conditions, water storage and retention capacity of soil must be enhanced. Development of water‐absorbing polymer (WAP) from coal carbon residue (fly ash) can provide an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to commercial WAP for enhancing water retention and crop yield. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the growth performance of tomato species (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under continued drought conditions in the presence of in‐house developed fly ash‐based WAP (FA‐WAP) against that of commercially available WAP (Com‐WAP). Quantification of the soil–water retention curve (SWRC) revealed an increase in plant wilting time and plant‐available water content (PAWC) in the order: control soil (no amendment) < Com‐WAP‐amended soil < FA‐WAP‐amended soil. Both the WAPs positively influenced the transpiration factors of crops in terms of stomatal conductance (SC) and photosynthetic yield under continued drought conditions. The yield parameters (i.e., the number of fruits, total weight, and shoot fresh biomass) increased by 82, 106, and 115%, respectively, in the case of FA‐WAP‐amended soil as compared with that of the control. Nevertheless, FA‐WAP provided 20% higher yield of tomato species during continued drought conditions than commercial WAP. The application of FA‐WAP can be an effective strategy to impart beneficial usage of FA waste by significantly reducing the irrigation frequency and irrigation water requirement without compromising the crop yield. It also ensures sustainable water stress management for a major food crop (tomato), thereby contributing towards United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals 2, 13, and 15. Core Ideas: Fly ash‐based water‐absorbing polymer (FA‐WAP) addition to soil increases water retention. FA‐WAP addition to soil increases plant wilting time and plant‐available water content. The number of fruits, total weight, and shoot biomass increased by 82, 106, and 115%, respectively, for FA‐WAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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50. Cowpea NAC1/NAC2 transcription factors improve growth and tolerance to drought and heat in transgenic cowpea through combined activation of photosynthetic and antioxidant mechanisms.

Author

Srivastava, Richa, Kobayashi, Yuriko, Koyama, Hiroyuki, and Sahoo, Lingaraj

Subjects
DROUGHT tolerance, COWPEA, TRANSCRIPTION factors, WATER efficiency, GROWTH disorders, REACTIVE oxygen species, ABSCISIC acid
Abstract

NAC (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2) transcription factors are central switches of growth and stress responses in plants. However, unpredictable interspecies conservation of function and regulatory targets makes the well‐studied NAC orthologs inapt for pulse engineering. The knowledge of suitable NAC candidates in hardy pulses like cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is still in infancy, hence warrants immediate biotechnological intervention. Here, we showed that overexpression of two native NAC genes (VuNAC1 and VuNAC2) promoted germinative, vegetative, and reproductive growth and conferred multiple abiotic stress tolerance in a commercial cowpea variety. The transgenic lines displayed increased leaf area, thicker stem, nodule‐rich denser root system, early flowering, higher pod production (∼3.2‐fold and ∼2.1‐fold), and greater seed weight (10.3% and 6.0%). In contrast, transient suppression of VuNAC1/2 caused severe growth retardation and flower inhibition. The overexpressor lines showed remarkable tolerance to major yield‐declining terminal stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold, and recovered growth and seed production by boosting photosynthetic activity, water use efficiency, membrane integrity, Na+/K+ homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. The comparative transcriptome study indicated consolidated activation of genes involved in chloroplast development, photosynthetic complexes, cell division and expansion, cell wall biogenesis, nutrient uptake and metabolism, stress response, abscisic acid, and auxin signaling. Unlike their orthologs, VuNAC1/2 direct synergistic transcriptional tuning of stress and developmental signaling to avoid unwanted trade‐offs. Their overexpression governs the favorable interplay of photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species regulation to improve stress recovery, nutritional sufficiency, biomass, and production. This unconventional balance of strong stress tolerance and agronomic quality is useful for translational crop research and molecular breeding of pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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