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12. Integrating methods for ecosystem service assessment: Experiences from real world situations

Author

Dunford, Rob, Harrison, Paula, Smith, Alison, Dick, Jan, Barton, David N., Martin-Lopez, Berta, Kelemen, Ezsther, Jacobs, Sander, Saarikoski, Heli, Turkelboom, Francis, Verheyden, Wim, Hauck, Jennifer, Antunes, Paula, Aszalós, Réka, Badea, Ovidu, Baró, Francesc, Berry, Pam, Carvalho, Laurence, Conte, Giulio, Czúcz, Bálint, Garcia Blanco, Gemma, Howard, Dave, Giuca, Relu, Gomez-Baggethun, Erik, Grizzetti, Bruna, Izakovicova, Zita, Kopperoinen, Leena, Langemeyer, Johannes, Luque, Sandra, Lapola, David M., Martinez-Pastur, Guillermo, Mukhopadhyay, Raktima, Roy, S.B., Niemelä, Jari, Norton, Lisa, Ochieng, John, Odee, David, Palomo, Ignacio, Pinho, Patricia, Priess, Joerg, Rusch, Graciella, Saarela, Sanna-Riikka, Santos, Rui, van der Wal, Jan Tjalling, Vadineanu, Angheluta, Vári, Ágnes, Woods, Helen, and Yli-Pelkonen, Vesa

Published
2018
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14. The means determine the end – Pursuing integrated valuation in practice

Author

Jacobs, Sander, Martín-López, Berta, Barton, David N., Dunford, Robert, Harrison, Paula A., Kelemen, Eszter, Saarikoski, Heli, Termansen, Mette, García-Llorente, Marina, Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, Kopperoinen, Leena, Luque, Sandra, Palomo, Ignacio, Priess, Joerg A., Rusch, Graciela M., Tenerelli, Patrizia, Turkelboom, Francis, Demeyer, Rolinde, Hauck, Jennifer, Keune, Hans, and Smith, Ron

Published
2018
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15. Stakeholders’ perspectives on the operationalisation of the ecosystem service concept: Results from 27 case studies

Author

Dick, Jan, Turkelboom, Francis, Woods, Helen, Iniesta-Arandia, Irene, Primmer, Eeva, Saarela, Sanna-Riikka, Bezák, Peter, Mederly, Peter, Leone, Michael, Verheyden, Wim, Kelemen, Eszter, Hauck, Jennifer, Andrews, Chris, Antunes, Paula, Aszalós, Réka, Baró, Francesc, Barton, David N., Berry, Pam, Bugter, Rob, Carvalho, Laurence, Czúcz, Bálint, Dunford, Rob, Garcia Blanco, Gemma, Geamănă, Nicoleta, Giucă, Relu, Grizzetti, Bruna, Izakovičová, Zita, Kertész, Miklós, Kopperoinen, Leena, Langemeyer, Johannes, Montenegro Lapola, David, Liquete, Camino, Luque, Sandra, Martínez Pastur, Guillermo, Martin-Lopez, Berta, Mukhopadhyay, Raktima, Niemela, Jari, Odee, David, Peri, Pablo Luis, Pinho, Patricia, Patrício-Roberto, Gleiciani Bürger, Preda, Elena, Priess, Joerg, Röckmann, Christine, Santos, Rui, Silaghi, Diana, Smith, Ron, Vădineanu, Angheluţă, van der Wal, Jan Tjalling, Arany, Ildikó, Badea, Ovidiu, Bela, Györgyi, Boros, Emil, Bucur, Magdalena, Blumentrath, Stefan, Calvache, Marta, Carmen, Esther, Clemente, Pedro, Fernandes, João, Ferraz, Diogo, Fongar, Claudia, García-Llorente, Marina, Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, Gundersen, Vegard, Haavardsholm, Oscar, Kalóczkai, Ágnes, Khalalwe, Thalma, Kiss, Gabriella, Köhler, Berit, Lazányi, Orsolya, Lellei-Kovács, Eszter, Lichungu, Rael, Lindhjem, Henrik, Magare, Charles, Mustajoki, Jyri, Ndege, Charles, Nowell, Megan, Nuss Girona, Sergi, Ochieng, John, Often, Anders, Palomo, Ignacio, Pataki, György, Reinvang, Rasmus, Rusch, Graciela, Saarikoski, Heli, Smith, Alison, Soy Massoni, Emma, Stange, Erik, Vågnes Traaholt, Nora, Vári, Ágnes, Verweij, Peter, Vikström, Suvi, Yli-Pelkonen, Vesa, and Zulian, Grazia

Published
2018
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16. Selecting methods for ecosystem service assessment: A decision tree approach

Author

Harrison, Paula A., Dunford, Rob, Barton, David N., Kelemen, Eszter, Martín-López, Berta, Norton, Lisa, Termansen, Mette, Saarikoski, Heli, Hendriks, Kees, Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, Czúcz, Bálint, García-Llorente, Marina, Howard, David, Jacobs, Sander, Karlsen, Martin, Kopperoinen, Leena, Madsen, Andes, Rusch, Graciela, van Eupen, Michiel, Verweij, Peter, Smith, Ron, Tuomasjukka, Diana, and Zulian, Grazia

Published
2018
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17. Operationalising ecosystem service assessment in Bayesian Belief Networks: Experiences within the OpenNESS project

Author

Smith, Ron I., Barton, David N., Dick, Jan, Haines-Young, Roy, Madsen, Anders L., Rusch, Graciela M., Termansen, Mette, Woods, Helen, Carvalho, Laurence, Giucă, Relu Constantin, Luque, Sandra, Odee, David, Rusch, Verónica, Saarikoski, Heli, Adamescu, Cristian Mihai, Dunford, Rob, Ochieng, John, Gonzalez-Redin, Julen, Stange, Erik, Vădineanu, Anghelută, Verweij, Peter, and Vikström, Suvi

Published
2018
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19. Institutional challenges in putting ecosystem service knowledge in practice

Author

Saarikoski, Heli, Primmer, Eeva, Saarela, Sanna-Riikka, Antunes, Paula, Aszalós, Réka, Baró, Francesc, Berry, Pam, Blanko, Gemma Garcia, Goméz-Baggethun, Erik, Carvalho, Laurence, Dick, Jan, Dunford, Robert, Hanzu, Mihail, Harrison, Paula A., Izakovicova, Zita, Kertész, Miklós, Kopperoinen, Leena, Köhler, Berit, Langemeyer, Johannes, Lapola, David, Liquete, Camino, Luque, Sandra, Mederly, Peter, Niemelä, Jari, Palomo, Ignacio, Pastur, Guillermo Martinez, Peri, Pablo Luis, Preda, Elena, Priess, Jörg A., Santos, Rui, Schleyer, Christian, Turkelboom, Francis, Vadineanu, Angheluta, Verheyden, Wim, Vikström, Suvi, and Young, Juliette

Published
2018
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20. Valuing nature’s contributions to people: the IPBES approach

Author

Pascual, Unai, Balvanera, Patricia, Díaz, Sandra, Pataki, György, Roth, Eva, Stenseke, Marie, Watson, Robert T, Başak Dessane, Esra, Islar, Mine, Kelemen, Eszter, Maris, Virginie, Quaas, Martin, Subramanian, Suneetha M, Wittmer, Heidi, Adlan, Asia, Ahn, SoEun, Al-Hafedh, Yousef S, Amankwah, Edward, Asah, Stanley T, Berry, Pam, Bilgin, Adem, Breslow, Sara J, Bullock, Craig, Cáceres, Daniel, Daly-Hassen, Hamed, Figueroa, Eugenio, Golden, Christopher D, Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, González-Jiménez, David, Houdet, Joël, Keune, Hans, Kumar, Ritesh, Ma, Keping, May, Peter H, Mead, Aroha, O’Farrell, Patrick, Pandit, Ram, Pengue, Walter, Pichis-Madruga, Ramón, Popa, Florin, Preston, Susan, Pacheco-Balanza, Diego, Saarikoski, Heli, Strassburg, Bernardo B, van den Belt, Marjan, Verma, Madhu, Wickson, Fern, and Yagi, Noboyuki

Published
2017
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24. Researcher roles in collaborative governance interventions

Author

Peltola, Taru, Saarela, Sanna-Riikka, Kotilainen, Juha M, Litmanen, Tapio, Lukkarinen, Jani, Pölönen, Ismo, Ratamäki, Outi, Saarikoski, Heli, Salo, Miikka, and Vikström, Suvi

Subjects
vuorovaikutus, hallinto, environmental policy, tutkijat, collaborative governance, interventions, researcher role, yhteistyö
Abstract

While societies are facing complex problems involving multiple stakeholders and interdependencies, interest in collaborative governance as a potential solution is rising. Research-based interventions in policy, planning, and management processes have been introduced to test different approaches and tools for collaboration. The nature of these processes, tools, and approaches varies substantially, as do researchers’ cultures of making contributions to and in collaboration with society. This paper outlines the various possibilities and means for researchers to intervene in and explore steps towards collaborative governance. It utilises literature-based descriptions of potential roles for researchers and draws on insight from Finnish collaborative governance interventions in environmental decision-making. The conventional role of researchers as providers of knowledge was complemented with roles needed to foster favourable conditions for collaboration. Tensions regarding these roles show that collaborative governance requires a reflexive position from researchers, enabling them to adapt their ideas about collaboration to specific governance settings. peerReviewed

Published
2023

25. What went right? A collaborative process to prepare a city forest management strategy.

Author

Saarikoski, Heli, Luoma, Emma, Bor, Sanne, and Polsa, Pia

Abstract

We analyze a multi-stakeholder process that succeeded in creating a joint forest management strategy for the city of Jyväskylä, Finland. The analysis draws on the participants' own account of the process, elicited via interviews and questionnaires. We attend to critical context and process factors to account for the success of the collaborative process and evaluate the effectiveness of the agreement in terms of ecological and social outcomes. The process created a practical agreement, which increased the share of protected forests and introduced new biodiversity protection measures for commercial and recreational forests. It also created innovative solutions, like the new concept of a nature value forest, which helped the parties to negotiate around their differences. However, disagreement over the impacts of forest management practices, especially continuous cover forestry, remained. The crucial contextual conditions contributing to the agreement were strong initiating leadership and political mandate, which motivated the participants to engage in collaborative dialogue and stick with the process. The key process factors were a third-party facilitation and joint fact-finding. Most importantly, the process was not constrained by a pre-defined agenda or assumptions related to the status quo, but the participants were granted considerable influence over decisions and outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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26. What does it take to study learning in transitions? A case of citizen energy in Finland

Author

Lähteenoja, Satu, Hyysalo, Sampsa, Lukkarinen, Jani, Marttila, Tatu, Saarikoski, Heli, Faehnle, Maija, Peltonen, Lasse, Department of Design, Finnish Environment Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Suomen ympäristökeskus, and The Finnish Environment Institute

Subjects
transition arena, learning, kestävä kehitys, oppiminen, earning, transition, citizen energy, sustainability, kestävyysmurrokset, Sustainability, kansalaiset, co-design, kestävyys, tutkimus, oppimisprosessi, osallistuminen
Abstract

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Strategic Research Council of Finland consortium 293405 “Smart Energy Transition: Realizing its Potential for Sustainable Growth for Finland’s Second Century (SET)” and the Strategic Research Council of Finland consortium 313013/313014 “Collaborative Remedies for Fragmented Societies—Facilitating the Collaborative Turn in Environmental Decision-making (CORE),” Academy of Finland profiling funding Profi 6 336454 and Academy of Finland consortium Digitally Mediated Decarbon Communities in Energy Transition 348197. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Learning is commonly presented as one of the key premises of transitions governance. Empirical literature on learning in a sustainability transition context often remains on a generic level, without an in-depth analysis of what is learned and by whom. In this article, we address the study of learning in transition-related multi-party processes. We analyze a transition arena specifically designed to support the participants’ learning and the possibilities to study it. Its focus was on urban citizen energy, increasing renewable energy production via solar panels, heat pumps, and other on-site solutions in detached apartment buildings. We investigate the process through the learning levels (learning loops) framework within which we were able to examine if and what kind of learning can be inferred to have happened and show what kind of data and analysis such inferences minimally require. Our results demonstrate that all participants reported learning from the arena process. This learning was predominantly first-order learning within participants’ already pro-transition orientation. Half of the participants also reported some second-order learning, changing one’s interpretative framing about citizen energy. Overall, the multi-party envisioning process supported participants’ ongoing transformation efforts more than it resulted in transformative learning. Our results provide a basis for further development of a learning-sensitive approach enabling identification and consideration of methodological challenges involved in inferring learning in transitions research.

Published
2022

34. EKLIPSE: engaging knowledge holders and networks for evidence-informed European policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services

Author

Watt, Allan, Ainsworth, Gill, Balian, Estelle, Cojocaru, George, Darbi, Marianne, Dicks, Lynn, Eggermont, Hilde, Furman, Eeva, Goudeseune, Lise, Huybrecht, Pierre, Kelemen, Eszter, Koch, Florian, Konstantinou, Zoi, Livoreil, Barbara, Locher, Karla, Lux, Alexandra, Mehring, Marion, Nesshoever, Carsten, Paloniemi, Riikka, Saarikoski, Heli, Pinto, Isabel Sousa, Vandewalle, Marie, Varjopuro, Riku, Varumo, Liisa, Wittmer, Heidi, and Young, Juliette

Published
2019
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35. Deliberating just transition: lessons from a citizens' jury on carbon-neutral transport.

Author

Saarikoski, Heli, Huttunen, Suvi, and Mela, Hanna

Subjects
CITIZENS, JURY, PUBLIC transit, ELECTRIC automobiles, CYCLING, DELIBERATION, ENVIRONMENTAL justice
Abstract

Climate assemblies and other forms of deliberative mini-publics have recently gained prominence as a means to promote just climate transitions. In this article, we analyze a citizens' jury process that addressed ways to curb greenhouse-gas emissions from car-based mobility in the Uusimaa region of Finland. The four-day citizens' jury produced a joint statement on transport-policy measures to decrease the mileage of private cars, to promote cycling and walking, to support public transport, and to promote carbon-free fuels. One of the key discoveries for the jurors was that there are no easy fixes, like biofuels converters, to cut down transport emissions. Consequently, the jurors endorsed vehicle electrification as a future solution. They also came up with an innovative suggestion to make electric cars more affordable to people. Overall, they adopted a more positive view toward measures to promote fossil-free transport, suggesting that deliberation can increase support for environmental initiatives. However, the deliberative process did not create wide acceptance of radical climate-policy measures. The results highlight the importance of mini-public scope and design for formulating an informed citizen judgment on complex and science-intensive climate-policy questions. The Transport Jury's focus on a set of policy measures was sufficiently narrow to produce meaningful recommendations. However, future climate-jury processes with a similar objective would benefit from more time for face-to-face expert hearings than was available for the transport jurors. A search for meta-consensus rather than consensus retained the plurality of perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Assessing impacts of PPGIS on urban land use planning: evidence from Finland and Poland.

Author

Jankowski, Piotr, Forss, Kirsi, Czepkiewicz, Michał, Saarikoski, Heli, and Kahila, Maarit

Subjects
URBAN planning, PRODUCTION planning, LAND use planning, GEOGRAPHIC information systems, PUBLIC lands, LAND use
Abstract

Knowledge on when, where and how Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) influence planning decisions has been spotty and incomplete. To fill the gap, we assessed the influence of public land use preferences, obtained through PPGIS, on selected land use planning cases in Finland and Poland. The selected cases ranged in scale from a neighbourhood to an entire city and involved two types of online PPGIS tools: an interactive map-based questionnaire and a map-based discussion platform. The assessment was based on a qualitative framework organizing potential drivers of the planning process into convening, process and outcome aspects. The assessments results show high number and diversity of participants, the use of PPGIS in the beginning of the planning process, and the quality of PPGIS data representing public land use preferences may influence the content of planning documents. Conversely, a mismatch between plan scope and citizen concerns, legal framework constraints, lack of coordination between overlapping participatory and decision-making processes, and low representativeness of PPGIS data diminish the influence of PPGIS on planning decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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39. Integrated assessment and valuation of ecosystem services - Guidelines and experiences

Author

Barton, David Nicholas, Harrison, Paula, Dunford, Rob, Gomez-Baggethun, Erik, Jacobs, Sander, Kelemen, Eszter, Martín-López , Berta, Antunes, Paula, Aszalos, Reka, Badea, Ovidiu, Baro, Francesc, Berry, Pam, Carvalho, Laurence, Czucz, Balint, Demeyer, Rolinde, Dick, Jan, Garcia Blanco, Gemma, Garcia-Llorente, Marina, Giuca, Relu, Grizzetti, Bruna, Hauck, Jennifer, Hendriks, Kees, Howard, Dave, Izakovicova, Zita, Karlsen, Martin, Keune, Hans, Kopperoinen, Leena, Langemeyer, Johannes, Liquete, Camino, Luque, Sandra, Lapola, David M., Madsen, Anders L., Norton, Lisa, Martinez Pastur, Guillermo, Mukhopadhyay, Raktima, Murherjee, Roy, Niemelä, Jari Kalevi, Ochieng, John, Odee, David, Palomo, Ignacio, Pinho, Patricia, Priess, Joerg, Rusch, Graciela M., Saarikoski, Heli, Saarela, Sanna-Riikka, Santos, Rui, Smith, Alison, Smith, Ron, Tenerelli, Patrizia, Termansen, Mette, Tuomasjukka, Diana, Turkelboom, Francis, van Eupen, Michiel, Tjalling van der Wal, Jan, Vadineanu, Angheluta, Vari, Agnes, Verheyden, Wim, Verweij, Peter, Woods, Helen, Yli-Pelkonen, Vesa Johannes, Zulian, Grazia, Urban Ecosystems, and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
OPENNESS, INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT, VALUATION, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, 1172 Environmental sciences
Abstract

EU FP7 OpenNESS project deliverable D33 & D44

Published
2017

41. Integrated assessment and valuation of ecosystem services. Guidelines and experiences

Author

Barton, David N., Harrison, Paula A., Dunford, Rob, Gomez-Baggethun, Erik, Jacobs, Sander, Kelemen, Eszter, Martin-Lopez, Berta, Antunes, Paula, Aszalós, Réka, Ovidu Badea, Baro, Francesc, Berry, Pam, Carvalho, Laurence, Czúcz, Bálint, Demeyer, Rolinde, Dick, Jan, Blanco, Gemma Garcia, Garcia-Llorente, Marina, Relu Giuca, Grizzetti, Bruna, Hauck, Jennifer, Hendriks, Kees, Howard, David, Izakovicova, Zita, Karlsen, Martin, Keune, Hans, Kopperoinen, Leena, Langemeyer, Johannes, Camino Liquete, Luque, Sandra, Lapola, David M., Madsen, Anders, Norton, Lisa, Martinez-Pastur, Guillermo, Raktima Mukhopadhyay, Murherjee, Roy, Niemelä, Jari, Ochieng, John, Odee, David, Palomo, Ignacio, Pinho, Patricia, Joerg Priess, Rusch, Graciela M., Saarikoski, Heli, Sanna-Riikka Saarela, Santos, Rui, Smith, Alison, Smith, Ron, Tenerelli, Patrizia, Termansen, Mette, Tuomasjukka, Diana, Turkelboom, Francis, Eupen, Michiel Van, Wal, Jan Tjalling Van Der, Angheluta Vadineanu, Vári, Ágnes, Verheyden, Wim, Verweij, Peter, Woods, Helen, and Yli-Pelkonen, Vesa

Published
2017
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43. Research note: Objectivity and the environment - epistemic value of biases

Author

Saarikoski, Heli

Subjects
Climatic changes -- Environmental aspects, Environmental law -- Interpretation and construction, Environmental issues, International relations, Political science
Abstract

The epistemological dilemma faced by environmental sociologists that the ideal of objective and neutral science has lost its credibility, threatening to lead to the 'abyss of relativism' in which it is not possible to differential between more or less reliable claims about the environment is addressed.

Published
2007

44. Preliminary guidelines for integrated assessment and valuation of ecosystem services in specific policy contexts EU:FP7 OpenNESS Project Deliverable 4.3

Author

Kelemen, Eszter, Barton, David, Jacobs, Sander, Martín López, Berta, Saarikoski, Heli, Termansen, Mette, Bela, Györgyi, Braat, Leon, Demeyer, Rolinde, García-Llorente, Marina, Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, Hauck, Jennifer, Keune, Hans, Luque, Sandra, Palomo, Ignacio, Pataki, György, Potschin, Marion, Schleyer, Christian, Tenerilli, Patricia, and Turkelboom, Francis

Subjects
B003-ecology, Society, ecosystem services, Management
Published
2015

45. Valuation methodologies

Author

Quaas, Martin, Kelemen , Eszter, Breslow, Sara, Ahn, SoEun, Amankwah, Edward, Asah, Stanley Tanyi, Gomez-Baggethun, Erik, Balvanera, Patricia, Belt, Majan Van den, Bullock, Craig, Caceres, Daniel M., Darly-Hasen, Hamed, Dessane, Esra Basak, Figueroa, Eugenio, Golden, Christopher, Houndet, Joël, Keune, Hans, Ma, Keping, Maris, Viginie, Masozera, Michel, May, Peter Herman, Mead, Aroha, Mohamed, Asia, Moran, Dominic, Pacheco, Diego, Pandit, Ram, Pascual, Unai, Pataki, György, Pengue, Walter Alberto, Povazan, Radoslav, Rakotobe, Tovondriaka, Roth, Eva, Saarikoski, Heli, Strassburg, Bernardo, Subramanian, Suneetha, Verma, Madhu, Wittmer, Heidi, and Yagi, Nobuyki

Published
2014

47. River Basin Management Plans - Institutional framework and planning process:Cross-country analysis

Author

Frederiksen, Pia, Nielsen, Helle Ørsted, Pedersen, Anders Branth, Rytkönen, Anne-Mari, and Saarikoski, Heli

Subjects
Institutional structure, Participation, River Basin Management Plans
Abstract

The report it a deliverable to the Waterpraxis project, based on research carried out in WP3. It is based on country reports from analyses of water planning in one river basin district in each of the countries Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany and Denmark, and it compares the institutional set-up, the public participation and the potentials and barriers for implementing the water plans.

Published
2011

49. Science and Politics in Old-Growth Forest Conflict in Upper Lapland.

Author

Saarikoski, Heli and Raitio, Kaisa

Subjects
*FORESTS & forestry, *REINDEER breeding, *BIOINDICATORS, *BIOLOGICAL mathematical modeling
Abstract

This article illustrates the interconnectedness of science and politics through a case study of old-growth forest conflict in Finnish Upper Lapland. It demonstrates the ways in which 'traditional science' has failed to settle the decades-long conflict between state forestry and traditional Sámi reindeer herding, and discusses the potential of democratization of science through more inclusive forms of knowledge production. The analysis, which is based on qualitative interview data, shows that a traditional science focus on biological indicators and mathematical modeling has provided only a partial account of the reindeer herding-forestry interactions by ignoring the local, place-specific practices that are equally important in understanding the overall quality of pasture conditions in Upper Lapland. It concludes that an inclusive inquiry, structured according to the principles of joint fact-finding, could create a more policy-relevant, and also more scientifically robust, knowledge basis for future forest management and policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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50. Governing Old-Growth Forests: The Interdependence of Actors in Great Bear Rainforest in British Columbia.

Author

Raitio, Kaisa and Saarikoski, Heli

Subjects
*RAIN forests, *OLD growth forests, *CIVIL society, *RESOURCE management, *ORGANIZATIONAL legitimacy, *STAKEHOLDERS
Abstract

The article explores the interdependence of state, civil society, and market actors in resolving environmental conflicts through new governance arrangements. Based on policy documents and in-depth interviews, the study shows that the government-led Land and Resource Management Plans concerning the coastal rainforests in British Columbia depended for their success on governance efforts that environmental organizations and forestry corporations initiated and carried through independently outside the formal planning processes. These nonstate actors, on the other hand, chose to engage with the provincial government, the First Nations, and the planning processes representing a large number of stakeholders, in order to gain the necessary legitimacy, certainty, and resources for the solutions created during their bilateral negotiations. The results show that when able to consciously coordinate separate processes and roles in the governance of forests, actors can create space for new solutions in seemingly intractable situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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