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[Display omitted] Sustainable waste management (SWM) practices are crucial for tackling environmental concerns under a circular economy (CE) scope. Thirty-one OECD countries have been evaluated on their national SWM performance via Malmquist data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology from 2000 to 2021. The Malmquist (MPI) and Malmquist-Luenberger (MLPI) productivity indices are compared based on their total factor productivity (TFP) and its elements (i.e., efficiency and technological changes). Both models have the gross domestic product (GDP) as a desirable output, but MLPI also incorporates municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and greenhouse gases (GHGs, i.e. CO 2 and CH 4) as undesirable outputs. MLPI has a lower average performance (1.74%) than MPI (4.42%), meaning that the incorporation of waste and GHGs has diminished an OECD country's SWM performance by 2.5 times on average. In essence, it is innovation that drives TFP in the selected countries. Overall, the synergistic implementation of SWM practices, Malmquist DEA-based methodology, and CE principles is crucial for advancing sustainable development and achieving a circular and resilient future. The manuscript also offers policy implications regarding the need of financial incentives, vocational training, and fostering stakeholder encouragement in the waste sectors to implement CE solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 0.613 kg/cap/d based on sampling of the waste generated in 81 communities. • Average waste composition is 68 % biowaste, 23 % recyclable and 9 % other. • MSW collection frequency is once a week for 40 % of the rural population. • Household biowaste use reduces the amount of waste to be managed by up to 64 %. • Recyclable waste is barely recovered and is centralized in urban areas. Municipal solid waste management is one of the greatest challenges for environmental sustainability and well-being in developing countries, where the infrastructure and financial resources required to carry out such services are often lacking. The design of solutions that adequately respond to local needs must be based on quality information about the quantity and composition of the generated waste and current management practices. This study evaluated domestic waste generation and its management in 81 communities in Ecuador based on sampling at the source and population surveys. An average household waste generation value of 0.613 kg/cap/d was obtained, of which biowaste accounted for 68 % of the total generation, followed by 23 % recyclable material and 9 % other non recyclable waste. Even though some councils have set up differentiated collection systems for inorganic material in urban areas, these systems are still absent in many rural areas, which explains why waste is not separated in 70 % of the studied communities. Furthermore, only 70 % of the rural population in the country has a waste collection service, and waste in some communities is still thrown into water bodies or burned. Rural populations often use biowaste at home by composting it or as animal feed, which are good practices that should be considered in the diagnosis reports and incorporated into waste management planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Simultaneously utilizing a variety of solid wastes to prepare ceramsites. • High temperature sintering is an effective method to solidify heavy metals. • The artificial acceleration of aging in ceramsites has been effectively achieved. • Strong acid and light yield the most optimal results in artificial aging. The escalating global issue of soil pollution by heavy metals, particularly incinerated municipal solid waste fly ash (IMSWFA), necessitates effective remediation strategies. The prevailing approach for safely disposing and utilization of IMSWFA involves high-temperature sintering. In this work, we propose a cost-effective method to produce ceramsites by utilizing IMSWFA, municipal sludge (MS), contaminated soil (CS), and iron tail slag (ITS). After conducting a comprehensive analysis and comparison of outcomes obtained from orthogonal experiments and single-factor experiments, it was determined that the optimal preparation conditions for achieving desirable results are preheating at a temperature of 400 °C for 15 min followed by sintering at a temperature of 1150 °C for 10 min. The optimal ratio of raw materials for ceramsites is 15 % IMSWFA, 15 % MS, 58 % CS, and 12 % ITS. The ceramsites, prepared in accordance with the specified process and raw material ratio, exhibit remarkable properties including robust stability, minimal water absorption, reduced weight, and elevated cylindrical compressive strength. The ceramsites demonstrate an exceptionally high heavy metal loss ratio ranging from 91 % to 100 %, while exhibiting significantly lower leaching quantities of these metals compared to the raw materials. Additionally, aging tests of ceramsites were performed under UV light and acid/alkaline etching to simulate the real-world environment. This work can be utilized to investigate the long-term environmental impact of ceramsites derived from municipal solid waste (MSW), thereby making a valuable contribution to the advancement of solid waste management technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the level of awareness of the grade four, five and six learners of St. Therese de Avila Learning Center of Poblacion, Iligan City in relation to their solid waste management practices during the School Year 2019 - 2020. This study used descriptive - correlation design that describe the correlation of the two variables which were the level of awareness on solid waste management of the respondents in terms of knowledge and attitudes and their practices in waste segregation, reduce, reuse, recycling and disposal. The hundred thirteen (113) learners from St. Therese de Avila Learning Center were the subjects. The Pearson Moment of Correlation was used to find out the significant relationship between the respondent's level of awareness and practices in solid waste management. The hypothesis on the relationship between the level of awareness in terms of knowledge and the segregation, reduce, recycling and disposal practices of respondents was rejected. However, there was a significant relationship between the level of awareness in terms of knowledge and the reusing practices of the respondents. It also revealed that the hypothesis on relationship between the level of awareness on solid waste management in terms of attitude and the segregation, reduce, reuse and disposal practices of the respondents was rejected. However, the hypothesis on the relationship between the awareness in terms of attitudes and reducing practices of the respondents was not rejected. An action plan regarding on solid waste management was presented for implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Ethiopia is a complex issue with institutional, social, political, environmental, and economic dimensions, impacting sustainable development. Effective MSWM planning necessitates understanding the generation rate and composition of waste. This systematic review synthesizes qualitative and quantitative data from various sources to aggregate current knowledge, identify gaps, and provide a comprehensive understanding of municipal solid waste management in Ethiopia. The findings reveal that the generation rate of municipal solid waste in Ethiopia is 0.38 kg/ca/day, with the waste composition being predominantly food waste, followed by ash, dust, and sand, and yard waste. Over 85% of this MSW is either reusable or recyclable, with a significant portion being organic matter (73.13% biodegradable) and 11.78% recyclable materials. Physicochemical analyses reveal that Ethiopian MSW is suitable for composting and biogas production, offering opportunities to reduce environmental pollution, and GHGs, support urban agriculture, and create job opportunities. However; challenges persist, including a lack of political will, weak municipal planning, limited community awareness, and inadequate waste management infrastructure, and only 31.8% of MSW is collected legally, leading to inefficient and harmful disposal practices. To improve MSWM, Ethiopia should focus on public awareness; increased funding, infrastructure investment, private sector partnerships, and implementing the 4 R principles (reduce, reuse, and recycle). An integrated approach involving government, industry, and civil society is essential. Further research on the physicochemical properties and strategic uses of MSW is needed to enhance management practices. Implications: The comprehensive study of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Ethiopia reveals the intricate interplay of institutional, social, political, environmental, and economic factors that influence the nation's sustainable development. The findings underscore the urgent need for tailored, integrated waste management strategies that are informed by a thorough understanding of MSW generation rates, composition, and current management practices. Ethiopia's lower per capita MSW generation compared to developed countries and the predominantly organic composition of its waste present significant opportunities for sustainable waste management practices such as composting and recycling. These practices can not only minimize the environmental impact but also support urban greening, agriculture, and renewable energy production. The high organic content, suitable physicochemical properties of MSW for composting, and potential for biogas and briquette production highlight pathways for creating employment, reducing waste, and enhancing soil fertility. Despite these opportunities, Ethiopia faces substantial challenges due to inadequate political will, weak municipal planning, limited community awareness, insufficient waste management infrastructure, and poor policy implementation. The high rate of illegal waste disposal further exacerbates environmental and health issues, emphasizing the need for a more effective and integrated MSWM approach. To address these challenges and harness the potential of MSW, Ethiopia must prioritize increasing public awareness; investing in infrastructure, fostering private sector partnerships, and implementing the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3 R). Developing strategies that involve all stakeholders and turning waste into valuable resources is crucial. Government, industry, and civil society must collaborate to implement integrated MSWM systems that focus on waste reduction at the source, alternative material use, and advanced recycling technologies. Further research at both federal and regional levels is essential to optimize the physicochemical analysis and strategic use of MSW. Prompt action is required to transform waste management into a pillar of sustainable urban development, ultimately improving environmental quality and human health in Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introduced an online system for monitoring ash deposition and corrosion rates. • Demonstrated rapid adaptability to condition changes in solid waste combustion. • Indicated enrichment of NaCl/KCl in submicron particles and inner deposit layer. • Useful for real-time operational adjustments and guiding maintenance decisions. Solid waste incineration is a clean and sustainable approach for solid waste management. However, ash deposition and corrosion remain a critical issue due to fuel's inherent enrichment of alkali chlorine. This study develops an integrated online deposition and corrosion monitoring system to enhance the operational safety and efficiency of solid waste incineration boilers. This system combines linear polarization resistance (LPR) for corrosion rate estimation with heat flux measurements for ash deposition analysis. It can offer a novel approach for real-time monitoring of heat exchangers' safety during solid waste combustion. It was deployed in a full-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler that purely combust solid wastes. Key findings demonstrate the system's capability to deliver continuous, real-time data, crucial for the dynamic control of combustion processes and the maintenance of heat transfer surfaces. Its robust diagnostic capabilities were evident across various scenarios. Specially, initial corrosion rates sharply increase with deposition rates due to the enrichment of alkali chlorine on inner deposit layer, in which chlorine serves as a catalyst, facilitating the rapid penetration and aggravation of corrosion by other agents. As deposit further buildup, the corrosion rate steadily decreases along with surface temperature, highlighting a dynamic interaction. Moreover, measured corrosion rates can quickly response to temperature variations. Such multi-process online monitoring system provide more possibilities to investigate the inherent interaction between deposition and corrosion. Therefore, this work offers insights that could significantly influence operational strategies, maintenance protocols, and the overall reliability of waste-to-energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term planning of municipal solid waste management systems (LPMSWMS) is a multi-layered problem that seeks answers to different decisions (i.e., method selection for the collection, transfer, treatment, and disposal of wastes, technology selection for the methods, capacity selection for the technologies, location selection for the processes, and allocation of the waste masses between locations). Since each of these decision layers has a dynamic impact on the others, all decision layers must be evaluated simultaneously in order to achieve the most accurate and effective results for the LPMSWMS. On the other hand, it is difficult to develop a mathematical model that can evaluate all decision layers simultaneously due to the complexity of the problem. Hence, almost all existing cost optimization models proposed for the LPMSWMS use a multi-step approach for the decision layers that restricts the mass balance of the waste by assuming all layers are independent from each other. However, such approaches may lead to giving up on the global optimality for the models. In this context, this study introduces a new mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for the LPMSWMS that provides an integrated mass balance for the waste streams. Regarding the current technological condition of municipal solid waste management systems, the proposed model provides integrated decisions for the LPMSWMS considering the location, technology, capacity, and waste flow plans. The proposed optimization model was tested at various spatial and temporal scales for the Bursa province of Türkiye. The optimal results obtained for the model clearly show that this new model may be the first nonlinear mathematical model capable of overcoming the above-mentioned mathematical challanges. This new model has the potential to be easily used for any region of the world and to give decision-makers the most appropriate system option for all decision layers simultaneously, as long as the site-specific waste management parameters required by the model are correctly configured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for energy and renewable energy utilization increases swiftly and accelerates technological development in the renewable field. Still, there is a lack of awareness and government policy that may boost capacity addition. In order to address the challenges presented by the unpredictable and intermittent character of renewable energy sources (RES), the utilization of RES in conjunction with their associated expenses has the potential to provide an affordable, environmentally friendly, and efficient alternative energy supply. This study centers on the techno-economic evaluation of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) used for electricity production through Solid wastes. The present study explores the benefits of a grid-connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System over stand-alone HRES via Solid waste management due to technological and policy improvements. Furthermore, net metering and bill savings through self-consumption and sensitivity analysis for five different sell-back prices. The impact of sensitivity analysis on HRES economics is discussed in this paper. A commercially available software, HOMER@ pro, simulates the system for the optimal solution. The result shows that the stand-alone system's economy is high if there is an absence of sell-back from the consumer's end. Whereas, with the sell-back price introduction, the economy of the grid-interactive HRES is too low and trending to be minimal. Moreover, the study concludes that net metering with the sell-back price reduces the Net Present Value and Cost of Energy, i.e., sell-back price of Rs.2/kWh; the cost of energy production is Rs.1.43/kWh. Due to the sell from the consumer ends, the system generates yearly earnings, which is highest (Rs.133,920/year) in case of a sell-back price of Rs.2/kWh. Therefore, the installation of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) tailored to the specific climatic circumstances would provide a durable and reliable and affordable energy solution that effectively addresses climate concerns, enhances energy stability, and promotes ecological accountability supporting SDG goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composting offers a solid waste management alternative to landfilling resulting in soil amendment products with fertilization and moisture retention benefits and collateral methane reduction by diverting organic wastes from anaerobic landfill environments. An increasing array of materials and products are marketed as compostable, though only a limited range of these are covered by certification schemes. Greater accessibility and deeper understanding of compostability testing is needed to promote meaningful evaluation of the viability and optimal conditions for composting wider ranges of materials. This article describes various critical aspects of laboratory-scale methodology that can be optimized for more consistent, accurate, and efficient testing. While most of the reviewed studies are based on standardized international test methods, modifications to vessel design, medium, control systems, and evaluation show promise. Learnings are also drawn from biodegradation tests using soil and aqueous media. Particular consideration is given to evaluating compostability of textiles, including nonwovens, which today are primarily disposed of in landfills yet have the potential to supplement organic carbon in compost mixtures with nitrogen rich food waste. Furthermore, biodegradation properties of both natural and man-made textile fibers have received growing attention in recent years. Fiber fragments found in oceans and the surge of disposable face coverings used during the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely covered in the mainstream media, highlighting the importance of understanding biodegradation properties for textiles. This review consolidates and organizes diverse and essential procedural details reported in various standards and studies with the goal of encouraging and guiding successful implementation of compostability testing more broadly in laboratories. Certain gaps in test methodologies are identified to help focus future research. Reliable, accessible testing is crucial to expand the beneficial impacts of composting in waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study collected data on waste generation and management in China between 1979 and 2020 from government statistics and literature and reviewed the development of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China. The extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model was employed to identify the driving forces of MSW generation, and the cointegration analysis showed that economy (0.35, t = −3.47), industrial structure (3.34, t = −20.77) and urbanization (−1.5, t = 5.678) were the significant socioeconomic driving forces in the long run. By employing the framework of evolutionary economics, this study then investigated the internal rules of long-term interaction between socioeconomic factors and MSW management. The results indicate that, in the long run, MSW management development can be viewed as an evolutionary process that includes a continuous adaptation to external socioeconomic factors and the co-evolution of internal institutions and technologies. Adaptation and diversity of institutions and technologies play an important role in achieving sustainable waste management and circular economy (CE). This study offers a novel evolutionary perspective for explaining dynamic changes of MSW management in China, as well as recommendations for emerging economies to achieve sustainable waste management and CE goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the challenges, technological solutions, and sustainability prospects of solid waste management practices in eleven smart cities in Tamil Nadu, India, through a case study. It was through a systematic review and stakeholder interviews that we assessed the current waste management infrastructure, collection, and processing capabilities in these cities. The analysis concluded that measures for waste segregation remain poor, with collection efficiencies ranging between 80 and 100% and segregation rates across the sampled cities from below 50% to 100% for varying cities. Constraints also include poor infrastructure, lack of public awareness, and financial problems. We develop an integrated waste management framework that advocates source segregation, localized processing, and waste-to-energy plans. The study has shown that the efficient use of smart technologies, the development of public–private alliances, and the principles of the circular economy would significantly enhance the effectiveness of waste management practices in the smart cities of Tamil Nadu. Policy makers and urban planners focused on ameliorating municipal solid waste management systems in fast-growing urban areas can benefit from these findings.Article Highlights: Smart cities in Tamil Nadu face significant challenges in solid waste management, including inadequate infrastructure and low public awareness. Technological interventions and public-private partnerships offer opportunities to improve waste collection and processing efficiency. Implementing circular economy principles and waste-to-energy initiatives can lead to more sustainable waste management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in developing nations, particularly Ethiopia, faces considerable issues, including high generation and low collection rates, unsafe disposal practices, and inadequate reuse and recycling efforts. This review looks into the current status of these challenges and possibilities for valorizing the potential of the organic fraction of MSW through composting and bioenergy. Aligned with global sustainability goals and emphasizing the promotion of resource efficiency and waste reduction, this review aims to identify the major challenges of MSW management in Ethiopia and valorize the MSW organic fraction to describe sustainable waste management solutions. The review process comprised a systematic approach through a comprehensive literature search of credible databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed from 2012 to 2023. To ensure relevance and reduce bias, 63 relevant studies were selected from an initial pool of 200 papers via a rigorous screening process utilizing the PRISMA protocol. The assessment of study quality with the AMSTAR‐2 improved the accuracy and reliability of the review's conclusions. The authors reviewed various challenges associated with MSW in Ethiopia, including MSW generation and collection rates, composition issues, and disposal technologies. A lack of community awareness and cooperation were identified as significant barriers to successful waste management practices in Ethiopia. This review also evaluated the viability of valorizing the organic fraction of MSW through bioenergy production and community‐level composting as sustainable alternatives. The findings of this review provide valuable insights and evidence‐based recommendations for addressing MSW concerns in Ethiopia. The findings can also serve to shape policy formulation, research goals, and practical interventions focused on enhancing solid waste management practices in developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of solid waste management (SWM) in public secondary schools within the Municipality of Matnog, Sorsogon, during the school year 2021-2022. The research focused on four key aspects of SWM: waste minimization, waste segregation, waste storage and collection, and waste disposal, as perceived by students, teachers, and school administrators. Additionally, the study sought to identify significant differences in perceptions among these groups and to propose an intensified action plan based on the findings. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a questionnaire adapted from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) manual. The study involved 213 respondents, including school principals, assistant principals, head teachers, and students from four public secondary schools. Data were analyzed using weighted mean and ANOVA to determine the level of implementation and the significance of differences in perceptions among respondents. The results revealed varying levels of SWM implementation across the four domains. School administrators generally perceived the implementation as highly implemented, while teachers and students perceived it as moderately to slightly implemented. Significant differences were found between the perceptions of students, teachers, and administrators in waste minimization, storage, collection, and disposal, but not in waste segregation. The study underscores the need for an intensified SWM action plan to address the disparities in implementation and to enhance waste management practices in the schools and the broader community. These findings provide valuable insights for the Department of Education, local government units, and other stakeholders to strengthen SWM efforts in public secondary schools in Matnog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most significant challenge that the world is currently facing is the development of beneficial industrial applications for solid waste. A novel strategy was implemented to produce a composite with varying loadings of glass waste nanoparticles (GWNP) in 5, 10, and 15 wt.% with recycled polyethylene terephthalate drinking water bottle waste (RPET). This strategy was based on glass and drinking water bottle waste. An analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of the composite as filaments for 3D printer applications. This study evaluated the effect of GWNP addition on the chemical structure, thermal and mechanical characteristics of the composite. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the filament composites and RPET composites exhibited similarities. However, the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the filament composites were enhanced due to the increased GWNP content. Furthermore, the results indicated that the filament developed could be utilized for 3D printing, as demonstrated by the successful fabrication of the filament composite, including 5 wt.% GWNP, using a 3D printer pen. The production of filaments using GWNP and RPET matrix presents a cost-effective, high-yield, and ecologically beneficial alternative. The present study may pave the way for the future advancement and utilization of 3D printing filaments by treating hazardous waste and using more ecologically friendly materials in design applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urbanization accelerates, the management of urban solid waste poses increasingly intricate challenges. Traditional urban metrics, such as GDP and per capita consumption rates, have become inadequate for accurately reflecting the realities of waste generation; moreover, the linear correlation between these metrics and waste production is progressively diminishing. Consequently, this study introduces a novel methodology leveraging nighttime light remote sensing data to enhance the precision of urban solid waste production forecasts. By processing remote sensing data to mitigate noise and integrating it with conventional urban datasets, an innovative index system and predictive model were developed. Using Beijing as a case study, the gradient boosting regression algorithm yielded a prediction accuracy of 92%. Furthermore, in light of the substantial costs associated with waste recovery route planning and site selection for treatment facilities, this research further devised a location and distribution framework for waste treatment centers based on high-precision predictions of waste production while employing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) alongside the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) for optimization. Distinct from prior studies, this study suggests that service point waste quantities are not fixed values but rather adhere to a normal distribution within specified ranges and thus provides a more realistic simulation of fluctuations in waste production while enhancing both the robustness and predictive accuracy of the model. In conclusion, by incorporating nighttime light remote sensing data along with advanced machine learning techniques, this study markedly improves forecasting accuracy for waste production while offering effective optimization strategies for site selection and recovery route planning—thereby establishing a robust data foundation aimed at refining urban solid waste management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste management poses a significant challenge globally, especially in developing economies, where increasing waste generation and ineffective management measures are common. Municipalities, responsible for managing waste, often struggle to provide efficient services. To address this, local governments implement policy tools like the Integrated Waste Management Plans (IWMPs), which aim to improve waste management. Despite the existence of such policies, waste pollution continues to rise in countries like South Africa. The purpose of this study is to explore the barriers to the effective implementation of IWMPs, focusing on the Makhado Local Municipality (MLM) in South Africa. Using a qualitative approach, interviews, document reviews, and observations were conducted with stakeholders, targeting 23 participants, of which 15 contributed. Our findings highlight several key barriers, including lack of monitoring, political interference, corruption, insufficient budgeting, poor infrastructure maintenance, lack of skilled personnel, and inadequate community education. These challenges hinder the successful implementation of IWMPs in the MLM. Our study further identified several opportunities at the MLM and general strengths and threats using a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence abounds to indicate the prevalence of indiscriminate disposal of household solid waste as a practice in Nigeria. This practice contributes to green crime and jeopardizes public health. Therefore, the focal point of several academic papers has been household solid waste management. The objective of the current study was to make a rapid review on practices that scholars have recommended for household members to take proper care of their waste made of paper, cellophane, plastic, metal and wooden material and the peculiarities of these recommended practices in Nigeria with implications for waste management practices in developing countries worldwide. The study adopted the systematic review method to explore findings in the available relevant studies that were published within the years 2017 and 2023 to depict the current situations of the study's subject matter in Nigeria. The current study sorted out these findings into themes. The review pinpointed several recommended practices such as zero-waste policy, waste minimization/reduction, and various disposal methods to manage the household solid waste and the major factors responsible for the setbacks these practices have faced. The review further highlighted gaps in existing studies which could form the basis for prospective studies on household solid waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic progress, urban expansion, and enhanced quality of life in India have led to the formation of densely populated megacities and a significant increase in municipal solid waste generation. Such waste consists of a substantial volume of residues from food waste, kitchen waste originating from residential complexes, restaurants, and remnants of agricultural activities. Consequently, handling municipal solid waste has become a critical issue. Though composting is being practiced as an eco-friendly means of recycling organic waste, it is laborious and time-consuming. In the recent past, researchers have suggested the use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as an effective solution for solid waste management. This study aims to assess the degradation potential of BSFL, which is gaining attention in recycling technology due to its composting capabilities, and its ability to produce soil amendments suitable for agricultural purposes. To evaluate the ability of BSFL to degrade different types of organic wastes, with a focus on cooked food waste, the compost formed after 14 days of degradation was analyzed based on elemental composition and other parameters. Comparative examinations were made with different vermicompost samples and hermicompost produced using BSFL to check the effect on plant growth. The analysis showed a higher percentage of nitrogen (4.21%), and phosphorus (0.5%) in hermicompost. The C:N ratio was 12:1 which is suitable for agronomical purposes. This study concludes that, BSFL are useful as versatile bioconversion agents of cooked food waste and provide a promising organic recycling strategy for sustainable waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the conduct of Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) in the Industrial Technology Development Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-ITDI) in Taguig City, Philippines. The study was produced following the introduction of 2020 guidelines developed by the Japan International Cooperation Agency for the Philippines to determine waste generation and generation rate per source, as well as waste composition, per capita generation, and bulk densities of the generated wastes. This then provided fundamental data in the formulation of initial plans and programs for the proper management of solid wastes in the institution. From the gathered results, DOSTITDI generates 91.56 kg/day of solid waste during the dry season, and 77.54 kg/day during the wet season. The generated waste is composed of residuals for disposal (35.93% and 37.75%, dry and wet season), biodegradables (27.80% and 21.46%), and recyclables (22.54% and 28.95%). Per capita generation rates of 0.21 kg/capita/day (dry season) and 0.18 kg/capita/day (wet season) were also recorded. The research and development cluster of divisions was determined as a major contributor of waste at 42.37 to 57.62 kg/day. Bulk density values varied between waste fractions, with the main residuals for disposal components being the bulkiest at 29.27 to 32.90 kg/m³ . The data collected from the study provided significant information useful in efforts to initiate programs for diversion of biodegradables, recyclables, and residuals-with further potential for recycling wastes, reducing residuals for disposal through proper segregation and recovery, and determining gaps and opportunities in plans, policies, and programs to improve solid waste management of the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of waste and the concerns about their ecological and environmental damages are among the grand challenges societies have faced. Therefore, policymakers should highlight effective waste management as one of the pillars of sustainable development. However, the previous frameworks for managing the waste problem have been mainly unsystematic as they neglected the social aspects of the problem in analysing technology development and innovation. Therefore, in this article, the status-quo of Tehran's waste problem (as a case study) was analysed with the new approach of 'Problem-oriented Innovation System (PIS),' and policy recommendations are presented accordingly. The research methodology is content analysis of related documents and reports based on a 5-step process. Findings indicate that the weak performance of Tehran's solid waste management originates at the beginning of the waste management cycle and the weak functions of public awareness, standardisation, market formation, and system monitoring guidance. Accordingly, the unstable patterns of industrial production and social behaviour lead to the supply of a large amount of unnecessary and uneconomical waste, and the system's actors are incapable of guiding the system and standardising to change the patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing global consumption of low-density polyethylene leads to more polymeric waste and challenges solid waste management. Therefore, the process of recycling or mixing recycled low-density polyethylene (RLDPE) with the same virgin low-density polyethylene (VLDPE) and enhancing the properties of this blend by adding different amounts of bioplastic such as Octanoate starch (OCST) is a good contribution to getting rid of plastic waste and obtaining new materials. This paper mixed the 20, 30 and 50 wt.% from RLDPE with VLDPE to determine the homogeneous blend. Also, 30, 40, and 50 wt. % from OCST were blended with homogeneous as a 20:80 RLDPE: VLDPE to obtain a new hybrid blend containing bioplastic. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed the high surface roughness of the film RLDPE: VLDPE after adding the OCST. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, and hardness of the 20:80 RLDPE: VLDPE blend were 13.0 ± 1.467 MPa, 0.08 ± 0.016 MPa, and 42.3 ± 2.32 Shore A, while the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and hardness of the 12:48:40 RLDPE: VLDPE: OCST were 14.3 ± 1.626 MPa, 0.1 ± 0.032 MPa, and 50.1 ± 2.78 Shore A respectively. On the other hand, the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) indicated that the strong bands at 1746 cm−1, 2856 cm−1, and 2927 cm−1 indicated stretching deformation of the ester carbonyl group and the methyl and methylene groups of OCST with blend polymers, respectively. The thermal properties as melting point, heat energy consumption, and heat flow difference increased from 122.52 to 123.73°C, −389.41 to −144.43 (mJ), and −77.88 to −28.89 (J/g) when the OCST content increased from 20:80 RLDPE: VLDPE to 12:48:40 RLDPE: VLDPE: OCST. Thermal decomposition led to the formation of functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl on LDPE baskets and an increase in the carbonyl index after adding OCST to the RLDPE: VLDPE blend. The best hybrid blend was 12:48:40 RLDPE: VLDPE: OCST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approaches to solid waste management (SWM) in African cities have gone through various phases. Each phase is shaped by a range of factors, including population growth, urbanisation, government policies and political willingness to invest in SWM infrastructure as well as SWM services. In the Ghanaian context, the latter factor is said to be subject to public perceptions of SWM as a welfare service and hence the reluctance of people to pay for SWM services even though "others" are paying. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate how approaches to SWM in Ghana have transitioned over time and its consequences on willingness to pay for SWM services in the Kaneshie, Madina and Kantamanto open-air markets in Accra. Based on the study findings and the vital role that open-air markets (OAMs) play in African cities, a system of standardising SWM fees is recommended for SWM service providers in both formal and informal sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the domestic solid waste management system in the LATAM region, using the city of Guayaquil in Ecuador as a case study. Through the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, the study compares domestic and external recycling processes, evaluating their effects on global warming potential, fossil resource scarcity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The results reveal that increasing recycling rates significantly reduces environmental impacts, with domestic recycling offering slightly higher environmental benefits than external options. A demographic analysis using machine learning techniques identifies distinct patterns of waste generation across different population clusters, highlighting the need for tailored waste management strategies. The study also emphasizes the importance of accurate local data and the integration of recycling initiatives with market realities, particularly in the light of policies mandating recycled content in products like PET bottles. A sensitivity analysis of the waste recovery indicator (WRI) demonstrates the potential for substantial environmental and economic benefits with higher recycling rates. The findings suggest that, to advance towards a circular economy, Latin American cities like Guayaquil must enhance their recycling infrastructure, refine waste management policies, and focus on demographic-specific strategies. This research contributes to the broader understanding of sustainable waste management in developing regions, offering insights for future policy and infrastructure development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective solid waste management is a critical environmental challenge, particularly in rapidly growing Global South countries like Nigeria. This issue is exacerbated by burgeoning populations, lax waste regulations, and the widespread practice of open dumping. The deterioration of soil quality and alteration of water quality are major consequences of open waste dumping, posing significant environmental and public health risks. This study aims to assess the environmental risk and pollution status of soil and water resources near major dumpsites in Lagos. It aims to offer insights that can inform targeted interventions and policy measures not only in Lagos but also in comparable urban settings worldwide. Results indicated that important soil parameters, including TN (11.89–13.83 mg/kg), pH (6.45–7.35), sulfate (36.71–39.49 mg/kg), phosphate (9.31–14.39 mg/kg), and electrical conductivity (342–566 µS/cm), were significantly affected by the dumpsites. Additionally, concentrations of heavy metals varied, with some exceeding permissible limits set by international standards, highlighting the environmental challenges posed by improper waste disposal in urban settings like Lagos. The analyzed parameters for water were mostly within acceptable limits, indicating a lesser impact of the waste dump on water resources. Water samples from boreholes and hand-dug wells near three dumpsites showed that pH, TDS, and heavy metal concentrations were mostly within WHO limits, with borehole water deemed safe for drinking and hand-dug wells suitable for cleaning. To alleviate the environmental impacts of open dumpsites, it is recommended to implement effective waste segregation, recycling programs, controlled landfilling, and investment in waste treatment technologies, along with regular water quality monitoring to prevent further pollution and protect public health. While these measures offer opportunities, they also face significant challenges due to financial and land constraints. Therefore, strong public awareness, infrastructure investment, and government commitment are essential, along with coordinated efforts among the government, private sector, and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of shifting Slovakia towards a circular economy is met with a multitude of obstacles, including the pervasive consumerist mindset among Slovakians. This mindset favors packaged food, leading to its improper disposal in municipal waste instead of being recycled. Furthermore, the inclination towards landfills poses a significant challenge in the management of municipal solid waste (MSW). To address this issue, a quantitative analysis was conducted using developed and validated models, incorporating various factors related to MSW management in Slovakia. Our study confirmed the significance of parameters such as MSW management costs and population size in the amount of MSW generated. Furthermore, our findings include a short-term forecast for MSW generation in Slovakia for the next two years. These results, based on quantitative data, provide valuable insights for policymakers and waste management authorities in Slovakia, emphasizing the urgent need for a transition towards a more sustainable and circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Philippines is one of the world's main contributors to global marine plastic pollution. However, field data remains scarce, so model estimates of riverine plastic pollution may be inaccurate. This paper aims to characterize the macrolitter observed along the Tullahan River, with focus on plastics, passing through the barangays of Quezon City and Valenzuela City in Metro Manila. The impact of solid waste management and land use activities on plastic flux were also investigated. For the floating litter, visual counting and float method were used to determine the plastic flux and river velocity, respectively. Riverbank litter was collected manually to characterize it based on plastic product and polymer type. Results show that the macroplastic flux was lowest on the site where residential houses are farthest from the stream. Waste characterization revealed that riverbank litter was primarily plastic - 30%-41% were residuals, and 5%-21% were recyclables. Both methods revealed that wrappers and thin PE plastics are the top contributors to riverine macroplastic pollution. Therefore, the entry of macroplastics into the river may be due to land use activities and weak enforcement of existing solid waste management (SWM) policies. The points discussed in the study can help in improving SWM and land use planning. The results can also increase the accuracy of model estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase in volume and variety of solid waste as a result of continuous economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization has become an intractable problem for the public and private sectors, making it difficult to ensure effective and sustainable waste management. The study sought to understand the perspective of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal residents on their perceived influence of municipal waste management on economic development. The study used a quantitative techniques approach, with a structured questionnaire. Data was collected from 255 respondents. The quantitative question aimed to determine if the influence was positive or negative, and the Likert scale question had a scale of 1 to 5. This research identified various types of waste, assessed challenges, and evaluated waste's potential for resource creation. The study concluded that municipal waste includes organic, paper, plastic, metal, glass, food, garden, hazardous, construction, demolition, and non-recyclable waste. Environmental pollution is a major challenge, and 26 factors positively influence waste to wealth. Waste to wealth can be achieved through social behavior, education/knowledge, MSWM governance, and economic feasibility for MSWM. The research also highlighted the importance of land attributes, budget allocation, trained personnel, and government regulations. The framework proposed aims to minimize urban poverty while preserving the environment and supporting the present urban economy. Urban communities can utilize solid waste management as a mechanism to foster economic development. The fundamental question is whether stakeholders will continue to ignore waste's potential demands and benefits for urban economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to optimize the solid waste collection and transportation system using ArcGIS Network Analyst and location-allocation tools. The generated solid waste was characterized by proximate analysis. The generation rate and composition were determined according to standard methods. The average solid waste generation rates for households, commercial sites, institutions, and recreational places were 0.48 kg/c/day, 15.03 kg/fac/day, 9.32 kg/fac/day, and 22.8 kg/fac/day, respectively. The estimated total generation rate of the sub-city is 207,004.03 kg/day and 712.13 m3/day as discarded base. Composition analysis revealed that food waste is the major component of municipal solid waste, with estimated weight and volume of 134,696.08 kg and 299.46 m3, respectively. Proximate analysis indicated that food and textile wastes have relatively high moisture content and fixed carbon. Candidate pre-collection bin allocations were optimized based on factors such as road network, distribution of solid waste generators, and existing temporary dumping sites, resulting in 1052 potential bin locations. Transfer station allocation was optimized by considering land use-land cover, slope, and geology. Twelve transfer routes and four transport routes were established to efficiently serve the bins and final waste destinations. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that ArcGIS Network Analyst and location-allocation tools can effectively optimize the municipal solid waste collection and transportation system, providing a robust framework for improving waste management efficiency. However, further research is recommended to validate these findings through field application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leather production is a historic industry that still has an economic influence throughout the world. Leather making is done following a sequence of complex chemical and mechanical steps, using energy, quantity of water and chemicals, and generating waste. For several decades, many organizations have been working toward a cleaner tannery industry resulting in better practices, saving energy and water, and increasing wastewater treatment efficiency. Solid waste management remains a big issue. Another question posed today is the use of chromium in tanning. It is why a lot of research is now dedicated to metal‐free tanning solutions. Chromium alternatives exist but none can actually rival all the advantages of chromium and a balance must be found with environmental issues. To measure the environmental performance of leather, several tools are available. The LWG (Leather Working Group) audit is one of them. On the side of consumers, some reliable leather ecolabelings exist. Finally, life cycle assessment (LCA) is the most exhaustive tool for characterizing leather's environmental performance. Numerous LCA studies done in the past two decades underline the difficulty in obtaining general results, considering the large variety of processes used depending on tanneries, localization, and raw materials. In addition, the data available for LCA are still poor in regard to the specific data needed for leather chemicals. The best methods associated with new technologies, audit, and labeling lead leather production into a cleaner and environment‐friendly industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine litter (ML) represents an escalating environmental issue, particularly in Latin America, where comprehensive studies are scarce despite critical solid waste management challenges and continuous human modification occurring on the coasts. To contribute to the knowledge of ML in the southeast Pacific, this study examined contamination across 10 beaches on Peru's extensive coast. Overall, ML contamination was categorized as moderate (with an ML concentration of 0.49 ± 0.64 items∙m−2), while significantly differing between summer (dirty with an ML concentration of 0.56 ± 0.66 items∙m−2) and winter (moderate with an ML concentration of 0.47 ± 0.60 items∙m−2). Three beaches were extremely dirty (concentrations of ML exceeded 1.0 items∙m−2). Predominant materials, items, and sources were plastic, cigarette butts (CBs), and mixed packaging. The Peruvian coast faced CB leachate impact (CBPI = 3.5 ± 3.5), reaching severe levels on two beaches, with considerable hazardous litter (HALI = 3.0 ± 2.9). Additionally, a higher degree of human modification was associated with higher ML levels along the coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper solid waste management in urban and semi-urban areas has led to adverse impacts on the environment, public health, and the economic well-being of communities. Therefore, this study analyzes the status of household solid waste management practices and their effects in Logia Town, Afar, Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, the study utilizes both descriptive and econometric models (binary logistic regression model). The descriptive results of the study revealed that there is general awareness of the importance of solid waste management (SWM) and its impact on the environment, economy, and human health among the respondents. Regarding respondents' attitudes, the majority of households understand the responsibility of proper waste disposal and its impact. However, in terms of solid waste management practices, 80% of households do not properly segregate their waste, 59.3% do not separate solid waste (SW) before disposal, and 74% of households engage in improper disposal practices. About 95.9% of respondents were aware that improper waste management can lead to diseases such as diarrhea, typhoid, and cholera. Around 65% of the sampled households considered solid waste as a source of wealth, and, as a result, 56% of them reuse, recycle, and reduce waste. This indicates that solid waste has economic value for society. Regarding the environmental impact of SW, about 89% of respondents argued that SW adversely affects the environment by polluting rivers, lakes, wells, and air. This environmental impact negatively affects the well-being and economic status of the community. The binary logistic regression model found that having adequate solid waste landfills, access to door-to-door solid waste collection, knowledge of SWM rules and regulations, treating waste as a resource, and understanding the 3Rs (recycle, reuse, reduce) had positive and significant effects on the adoption of proper solid waste management practices in the study area. Therefore, to reduce undesirable effects and improve the value of SW, the relevant authorities should provide adequate solid waste landfills and door-to-door collection services, create awareness about SWM rules and regulations, and promote knowledge of the 3Rs. Article highlights: Most residents in Logia Town, Afar, have poor waste management habits, with many dumping waste improperly. Awareness of solid waste issues is high, but recycling and reusing practices are underutilized. Households with better waste facilities and services, or who view waste as a resource, manage waste more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a critical challenge in rapidly urbanizing cities, especially in coastal areas like Babolsar, Iran. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of various MSWM scenarios using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology with the IWM-2 model. Seven scenarios were examined, ranging from landfilling without energy recovery to advanced combinations incorporating composting, recycling, and energy recovery. Data were sourced from the Babolsar City Municipality, encompassing waste generation, composition, and current management practices. The results indicate significant differences in environmental impacts across scenarios. Scenario 1 (100% landfilling) exhibited the highest environmental burdens, including greenhouse gas emissions and toxic outputs. In contrast, Scenarios 4, 5, and 6, which integrate composting, recycling, and energy recovery, demonstrated substantial reductions in these impacts. Specifically, Scenario 6 emerged as the most environmentally favorable option, significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. These findings highlight the importance of a diversified waste management strategy that incorporates multiple treatment methods to minimize environmental impacts. The study's comprehensive assessment provides valuable insights for decision-makers and policymakers aiming to enhance sustainability in urban waste management systems. The implications of these findings extend to similar urban areas seeking to optimize their waste management practices for better environmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools is essential for a healthy learning environment and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) 4 and 6. Despite its importance, comprehensive studies on drinking water quality, sanitation, and hygiene in schools are scarce. This study explicitly assessed the WASH services and gaps in 43 educational institutions, located in Tongi, Bangladesh, through field and laboratory investigations. Thirteen physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed, and water quality was classified using an Integrated Water Quality Index (IWQI). Hygiene and sanitation were evaluated through observations and data from school administrators on water sources, toilets, handwashing facilities, and solid waste management. Results showed that WASH services exceeded the national average, but all schools had dangerously high Escherichia coli levels (mean: 43.95 CFU/100 mL) in drinking water, posing health risks. Additionally, 89.72% of samples showed elevated manganese levels, 35% had high iron, and 41.86% had increased conductivity. About 35% of water was unsuitable for drinking based on IWQI. Schools lacked the capacity to monitor WASH quality, especially drinking water. A strategic framework for safe WASH facilities is recommended. The findings can lead the policymakers to prioritize the improvements in WASH facilities for attaining SDG 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the use of plastics during the past few decades has caused environmental pollution due to the non-biodegradable and recalcitrance nature of the plastics. This has caused great problems for the solid waste management efforts. The development of biodegradable polymers from natural and renewable ingredients can address the challenges caused by plastic pollution. The present work deals with the optimization of the preparation process of sago starch-based biodegradable bioplastic films. The sago starch, glycerol-sorbitol mixture, and chitosan were used as polysaccharides, plasticizers, and antimicrobial agents, respectively. The factors screening and design optimization were performed using response surface methodology and Box-Behnken Design to investigate the interactions between all components in the film preparation. Furthermore, the developed bioplastic films were characterized through field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed the inhibition of the growth of Bacillus pumilus and Alcaligenes faecalis XF1 by incorporation of cinnamon essential oil into the film. Moreover, the developed films successfully reduced the proliferation of fungal growth on packaged bread samples. The microbial analysis found that the shelf life of the wheat bread was improved from 3 to 15 days. The sago starch bioplastic films developed in this study can potentially meet the requirements for food packaging films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon footprint was used to evaluate the effect of source classification. • Unit carbon emission decreased to 0.14 t CO 2 -eq/t MSW after source classification. • The MSW management system is a carbon sink due to energy and material recovery. • Transportation contributes little to the total carbon emissions of the whole system. • Landfill gas utilization and plastic recycling were the two determining factors. Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a critical concern in megacities that depend heavily on external material and energy inputs but lack space for waste disposal. MSW treatment is a significant contributor to carbon emissions. The implementation of source classification improved the overall MSW management system and enhanced resource recovery from MSW. However, the precise contribution of source classification to carbon emissions reduction remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the carbon emissions evolution in the MSW management of Shenzhen, a prototypical megacity in China, using data from 2006 to 2020 and employing carbon footprint assessment methodologies. The results demonstrated that source classification reduced the carbon emissions from 0.19–0.25 to 0.14–0.18 t CO 2 -eq/t MSW when considering the contribution of the urban environmental sanitation management department. The entire MSW management system becomes a carbon sink when considering recyclables collected by commercial enterprises. Although the source classification complicated the collection and transportation of MSW, the carbon offset effect of recycling food waste and recyclables was more significant than that of carbon emissions from collection and transport. Moreover, the landfill gas recovery rate critically influenced the carbon emissions of landfill-based MSW management systems. In contrast, the recovery of plastics was crucial for determining carbon emissions from incineration-based MSW management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate solid waste management (SWM) can cause environmental contamination and health risks. Minimizing the health risks from SWM practices requires the identification of linkages between potential sources of exposure, environmental transport pathways, and adverse health outcomes. A safety planning approach can represent an innovative tool for reducing such risks. In previous research, we introduced the solid waste safety plan (SWSP) concept, only focusing on the health risk ranking assessment matrix. Here, we demonstrate the application of the SWSP framework in a case study of the municipal landfill of Novi Sad, Serbia. We identify potential hazards and assessed the likelihood and severity for them, using a combination of quantitative and semi-quantitative approaches to estimate risk levels for each identified hazard. Hazards deemed high and very high risks for the community and workers include groundwater contamination from leachate, airborne contaminants from combustion and non-combustion processes, and worker injuries associated with waste combustion. Control measures for each are identified, together with a corresponding cost analysis. Adding a final top cover to the landfill and introducing a collection, transport, and treatment system for the biogas would address hazards presenting high health risks but are also among the highest costs. While we demonstrate the approach and utility of an SWSP in a research context, future work is needed to assess the use of the SWSP by local communities or SWM utilities.Highlights: The structure and development of a solid waste safety plan (SWSP) are discussed. The SWSP is applicable both in developing and industrialized countries. The SWSP was applied to the municipal landfill of Novi Sad, Serbia as a case study. Highest risks resulted from worker injuries and groundwater and air contamination. Control measures and associated cost estimates were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This mini-review emphasises the role of municipal solid waste (MSW) as the biggest contributor to climate change, as well as the need for more grounded climate action. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 2023 Synthesis Report by the co-facilitators on the technical dialogue Key Finding 3 of applying the 'whole-of-society' approach in this article is interpreted as a cultural approach in MSW management planning and implementation process. Using anthropological critiques of development, the cultural approach is frequently considered an obstacle or a justification for a project's failure rather than an important aspect of the people being developed. Therefore, the goal of this mini-review is to showcase the findings and explore the practical application of UNFCCC Key Finding 3, emphasising its importance in every phase of the solid waste management process for climate action. This mini-review argues that applying a cultural perspective presents both opportunities and challenges. More importantly, without careful acknowledgement and consideration, opportunities can become challenges, if not vice versa. The discussion section explores the ways in which religious and economic conditions might offer a contextual understanding and effective techniques for managing MSW at the local level. To apply Key Finding 3 in practice, academia needs to move away from generality and embrace multiple 'modernities', while practitioners also need to include cultural perspectives to complement scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numbers do matter; the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s 2010 data that the waste sector is responsible for just 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led to the misperception that solid waste management (SWM) has little to contribute to climate mitigation. Global efforts to control methane emissions and divert organic waste from landfills had already reduced direct emissions. But end-of-pipe SWM has also been evolving into more circular waste and resource management, with indirect GHG savings from the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) which IPCC accounts for elsewhere in the economy. The evidence compiled here on both direct emissions and indirect savings demonstrates with high confidence that better waste and resource management can make a significant contribution to climate mitigation, and must form a core part of every country's nationally determined contribution. Even the most advanced countries can still achieve much from the 3Rs. In the Global South, the challenge of extending waste collection to all and stopping open dumping and burning (sustainable development goal 11.6.1), essential to improve public health, can be turned into a huge opportunity. Moving early to divert waste from landfill by separation at source and collecting clean organic and dry recycling fractions, will mitigate global GHG emissions, slash ocean plastics and create decent livelihoods. But this can only happen with targeted climate, plastics and extended producer responsibility finance; and help to local communities to help themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in addressing solid waste management (SWM) challenges in remote mountain communities, including the ecologically fragile Himalayan region. This study evaluates the impact of Healing Himalayas, an NGO, in Rakchham village, Himachal Pradesh, India. The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of Healing Himalayas' decentralized SWM model in promoting stakeholder engagement and resource recovery, assess the role of collaborations between local authorities and the NGO in financing waste management practices, investigate the influence of tourism and seasonal variations on solid waste generation patterns and waste management practices in Rakchham, and material recovery facilities, followed by glass (36.7%), paper/cardboard (18.4%) and metal (4.1%). A fee-based system involving the local village council funded waste operations. Waste generation exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations, with tourism influxes driving increased volumes. Healing Himalayas' initiatives promoted community participation, with over 15 awareness workshops conducted. Key challenges included limited financial resources, inadequate infrastructure, lack of advanced treatment facilities and need for context-specific solutions like efficient wet waste management in cold climates. The study highlights Healing Himalayas' decentralized model's success in fostering stakeholder engagement, behavioural change and resource recovery. The findings inform effective strategies for NGO-led waste management initiatives tailored to remote Himalayan communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of solid waste disposal is an important issue worldwide. Currently, eliminating plastic trash is critical. There are numerous recycling facilities around the world, but as plastic is recycled, its strength decreases. Thus, eventually, plastic will become a fill for the soil. Plastic can be used in concrete construction instead of recycling. This study prepared and used Plastic Bag Waste (PBW) as fine aggregate and investigated some of the features of concrete containing diverse contents of PBW as a volumetric replacement part for fine aggregate. The PBW content was 0, 10, 20, and 30%. Concrete properties, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct tensile strength, were investigated at ambient and after exposure to high temperatures of 60, 150, 300, and 400°C. In general, the test results showed that at ambient temperature, the compressive, flexural, and direct tensile strengths decreased as the PBW content increased, and the appropriate percentage of PBW was 10 to 20%. The results also showed that compressive strength increased after exposure to 300°C by 23% on average for specimens with 0, 10, and 20% PBW. It is possible to produce sustainable mortar with acceptable properties before and after exposure to temperatures as high as 300°C, provided the PBW content is at least 10%. This concrete can be used to make various types of boards and paving bricks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tourism is a critical component of the economic framework in Thailand and numerous other countries worldwide, acting as a significant revenue generator. In the year 2022, the tourism industry made a significant contribution to Thailand's Gross Domestic Product, representing 22.92 percent of the total. However, the emphasis on urban development and management in order to boost visitor numbers can worsen urban metabolism, leading to an escalation in resource. The urban administration needs to know how much waste must be managed to plan for effective environmental and public health management. The focus of this study is on the construction of an artificial neural network forecasting model that takes into account socioeconomic and demographic variables to anticipate the management of municipal solid waste in a city known for tourism. METHODS: Models were generated by synthesizing and integrating municipal solid waste collection quantities with 17 inputs of socioeconomic, demographic, event occurrences, and tourism-specific metrics variables from 2015-2021 in Chiang Mai municipality. Deep learning techniques were used to create the models. Socioeconomic characteristics were derived using nosecount data at the provincial and municipal levels. Data preprocessing involved the implementation of knowledge discovery in database strategy to ensure the creation of datasets with sufficient numbers and quality for modeling. This issue involved calculating the correlation coefficient between 17 inputs and the quantities of municipal solid waste collected. RapidMiner® computer software was used to construct a model incorporating frameworks using artificial neural network techniques. To ensure robustness and prevent overfitting, the dataset was divided into training and validation sets. The model was trained using backpropagation methods, and the evaluation of the model's performance was based on the correlation between the observed and predicted values of the mean municipal solid waste collection rate. FINDINGS: The waste prediction model achieved optimal performance by incorporating eight input variables across two hidden layers, one consisting of ten nodes and the other of five nodes. Across eight trials, this arrangement produced the lowest correlation coefficient (0.67), mean absolute error (320.779 +/- 22.080), and root mean square error (16.5). On the other hand, the chosen model used 17 input variables split across two hidden layers, each with 8 or 4 nodes. The model yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.69, a mean absolute error of 461.953 +/- 706.680, and a root mean square error of 21.9. The current daily amount of municipal solid waste collected is 340 metric tonnes, while the projection model anticipates an increase to 348 metric tonnes per day by 2023, with a margin of error of 2 percent. The model further predicts a daily garbage collection of 361 metric tons through 2030. CONCLUSION: Future waste management strategies may be planned, and various environmental impacts in tourism cities can be analyzed using the forecasting process and framework for the municipal solid waste collection rate described in this research. These characteristics are harnessed by the model to gain a thorough insight into waste dynamics in metropolitan regions with high tourist activity, ultimately facilitating the adoption of more sustainable urban planning and management approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study focuses on the challenges, technological solutions, and sustainability prospects of solid waste management practices in eleven smart cities in Tamil Nadu, India, through a case study. It was through a systematic review and stakeholder interviews that we assessed the current waste management infrastructure, collection, and processing capabilities in these cities. The analysis concluded that measures for waste segregation remain poor, with collection efficiencies ranging between 80 and 100% and segregation rates across the sampled cities from below 50% to 100% for varying cities. Constraints also include poor infrastructure, lack of public awareness, and financial problems. We develop an integrated waste management framework that advocates source segregation, localized processing, and waste-to-energy plans. The study has shown that the efficient use of smart technologies, the development of public–private alliances, and the principles of the circular economy would significantly enhance the effectiveness of waste management practices in the smart cities of Tamil Nadu. Policy makers and urban planners focused on ameliorating municipal solid waste management systems in fast-growing urban areas can benefit from these findings.

The Institute of Engineering (IOE), Pulchowk Campus in Lalitpur, Nepal, faces serious solid waste mismanagement issues that threaten the environment and public health. In a comprehensive investigation from June 5 to 12 June 2022, IOE students sorted waste from 58 campus locations. They discovered that the average weights of plastic, paper, and organic waste were 5.84 kg, 8.85 kg, and 3.76 kg, respectively. The study identified current waste management risks and provided recycling strategies, emphasising the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Aspen Plus simulation indicated that 0.72 kg/day of segregated HDPE waste produced 0.65 kg/day of liquid fuel. The construction of a pyrolysis plant is estimated to cost NPR 27,11,528.794, with an annual operational expense of NPR 1,39,510. These findings highlight the necessity of proactive environmental management and offer suggestions for sustainable waste management in urban and educational settings.

This paper presents the conduct of Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) in the Industrial Technology Development Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-ITDI) in Taguig City, Philippines. The study was produced following the introduction of 2020 guidelines developed by the Japan International Cooperation Agency for the Philippines to determine waste generation and generation rate per source, as well as waste composition, per capita generation, and bulk densities of the generated wastes. This then provided fundamental data in the formulation of initial plans and programs for the proper management of solid wastes in the institution. From the gathered results, DOST-ITDI generates 91.56 kg/day of solid waste during the dry season, and 77.54 kg/day during the wet season. The generated waste is composed of residuals for disposal (35.93% and 37.75%, dry and wet season), biodegradables (27.80% and 21.46%), and recyclables (22.54% and 28.95%). Per capita generation rates of 0.21 kg/capita/day (dry season) and 0.18 kg/capita/day (wet season) were also recorded. The research and development cluster of divisions was determined as a major contributor of waste at 42.37 to 57.62 kg/day. Bulk density values varied between waste fractions, with the main residuals for disposal components being the bulkiest at 29.27 to 32.90 kg/m3. The data collected from the study provided significant information useful in efforts to initiate programs for diversion of biodegradables, recyclables, and residuals-with further potential for recycling wastes, reducing residuals for disposal through proper segregation and recovery, and determining gaps and opportunities in plans, policies, and programs to improve solid waste management of the institution.