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Helichrysum armenium subsp. armenium plant was extracted with the Soxhlet apparatus. The obtained extract was fractionated and, respectively, AHB (petroleum ether-60% ethanol-chloroform), AHC (ethanol-toluene), AHD (ethanol-chloroform), and AHE (ethanol-ethylacetate) extracts were obtained. Then, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase activity studies were performed on these extracts. In this study, with the using the LC-HRMS method from the aerial parts of Helichrysum armenium subsp. armenium, the flavonoids: apigenin, apigenin 7-glucoside, apigenin 7-methylate, luteolin 7-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, (+)-trans taxifolin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, sinensetin, rutin, 3'-o-methyl quercetin, hispidulin, chrysin, acacetin, genkwanin, chrysoeriol; the phenolic acids: chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid, fumaric acid, caffeic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, emodin, vanilic acid; the alkaloid: caffeine and the saponoside; glycyrrhizic acid were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study two different extraction techniques namely, conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microsteam distillation-solid-phase microextraction (MSD-SPME), were used to analyze the volatile constituents from the leaves and the galls of Salvia fruticosa Mill. by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oxygenated monoterpenes (62.4-69.3%) were found to be predominating compound group with 1,8-cineole and camphor as the main constituents in all the tested samples with the exception of the gall oil in which oxygenated sesquiterpenes (25.6%) and diterpenes (17.3%) were detected in high percentages. Qualitative differences of the volatiles obtained by HD and MSD-SPME techniques from the leaf and the galls are discussed. The resulting leaf essential oils were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential. In vitro DPPH scavenging, and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) assays were used to evaluate the leaf essential oils. AChE inhibition 41.2% and antioxidant 36.8% assays results showed moderate levels of activity. In this present study, to the best of our knowledge comparative leaf and gall volatiles of S. fruticosa was reported for first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Antimicrobial activities of plant-derived coumarin compounds were investigated. • Coumarins are major compounds on Ferulago species. • Antimicrobial activity-guided isolation were firstly made from Ferulago trachycarpa. • Crenulatin, suberosin, marmecin senecioate demonstrated antifungal activity. Abstract Ferulago trachycarpa (Apiaceae) is a plant used traditionally for its sedative, digestive, carminative and aphrodisiac properties with distribution in West, Southwest and South Anatolian part of Turkey. In this study the antimicrobial activities of fractionally n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and only methanol extracts from rhizomes of F. trachycarpa were screened against Stapylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153, Enterococcus feacalis ATCC 29212 bacterial strains and fungal strains such as Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 by microdilution method. All extracts have been shown to possess antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungal strains and according to the antimicrobial results, the isolation of the active constituents was made from the most active n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts. So, four pure compounds are known as coumarin derivatives, crenulatin (6-formyl-7-methoxycoumarin), suberosin (7-methoxy-6-prenylcoumarin), marmesin senecioate ((-)-prantschimgin) as dihydrofuranocoumarin derivative and ulopterol [6- (2’, 3’-dihydroxy-3’-methylbutyl)-7-methoxy-coumarin] were isolated. Crenulatin (6-formyl-7-methoxycoumarin), suberosin (7-methoxy-6-prenylcoumarin), marmesin senecioate ((-)-prantschimgin) which are pure compounds demonstrated antifungal activity with 625 mg/L MIC against C. albicans and antibacterial activity with 1250 mg/L MIC against S. aureus (MRSA). These results indicate that extracts and pure compounds obtained from Ferulago trachycarpa could be a potential for pharmaceutical products which have antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate for the first time the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiurease effects of A. lycaonica extracts obtained using three extraction methods and five solvents followed by identification of the phenolic compounds obtained by Soxhlet extraction with ethyl acetate and maceration with chloroform that showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents with antioxidant and antiurease activity. The phenolic compounds were identified to be chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, dicaffeoylquinic acid, salicylic acid, luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, apigenin, and 8-hydroxy-salvigenin. Among the solvent extraction procedures, Soxhlet approach was found to have higher recoveries than other approaches. The results of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays showed that the 1:1 ethanol-water Soxhlet, ethanol ultrasonic bath, and ethyl acetate Soxhlet extraction methods had the highest DPPH antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate Soxhlet extraction method showed the highest 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant activity. In addition, the chloroform maceration extraction method exhibited the highest antiurease activity. Therefore, 1:1 Soxhlet ethanol-water, ultrasonic bath ethanol, and Soxhlet ethyl acetate extracts may be used in medicine and food production as natural antioxidant sources. In addition, maceration with chloroform may provide a potential antiurease agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different isolation techniques, conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and micro-steam distillation-solid-phase microextraction (MSD-SPME), have been used to analyze the volatile constituents from the leaves and rhizomes ofAcorus calamusL. by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In all the samples studied, phenylpropanoids (16.9-35.3 %) predominated by β-asarone (15.3-16.3 % in rhizomes, 23.4-31.7 % in leaves) were the main constituent. In addition to phenylpropanoids, the acorane type sesquiterpene acorenone B (7.4-16.4 %) and elemene-type sesquiterpenes, epi-isoshyobunone (3.3-7.3 %) and shyobunone (1.5-4.6 %) were detected among the major volatile constituents in the rhizomes. The monoterpenes were represented by camphor (7.5-13.9 %) and camphene (6.1-7.7 %). In the leaf, myrcene (0.3-7.1 %), limonene (1.0-5.6 %), (Z)-β-ocimene (2.9-6.1 %) were among the major constituents. Qualitative difference of the volatiles composition in the rhizomes and leaves are discussed as well as of the volatiles obtained by HD and MSD-SPME techniques are discussed. Biological activity tests resulted in moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase effect and significant cupric reducing antioxidant potential of the leaf oil, while the rhizome oil demonstrated relatively lower effects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The increased desire among individuals to live a comfortable life, to be healthy, beautiful and groomy with developing world order; allows cosmetics and dermocosmetics industry to rapidly develop and increases the demand for their use. In recent years, increased interest among people to natural products instead of synthetic chemicals in every issue, especially to herbal forms, led to an increase of phytocosmetics within the cosmetics sector. The plants, plant oils and extracts practiced with simple methods to stay young and become beautiful for centuries, have begun to take part in phytocosmetics products nowadays. As they are being preferred, their number and varities are increasing each day. Although not many scientific research is available regarding phytocosmetics products and most preferred plants in the industry, day by day increasing demand to these products attracts researchers' attention and directs them to research more on the issue. In our research, to contribute the areas of cosmetics, dermocosmetics and phytocosmetics; we aimed to identify the phytocosmetic products and plants within the composition of these products, present in the pharmacies of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. According to our research, ten most widely used plants are identified as; Butyrospermum parkii (118), Vitis vinifera (106), Helianthus annuus (103), Olea europaea (91), Glycine max (82), Rosmarinus officinalis (80), Simmondsia chinensis (76), Citrus aurantium var. dulcis (Citrus sinensis) (75), Aloe barbadensis (69), Citrus medica var. limonum (68). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crataegus species (Rosaceae), known as "Howthorn" have found special medicinal use for the treatment of mild heart diseases. This work aims to measure the antioxidant capacities of various Crataegus species growing in Turkey. In this study, the flowers and leaves from 52 samples belonging to 17 taxa of 14 Crataegus species naturally growing in Turkey have been investigated for their antioxidant activity/capacity. Four different methods (CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS/Persulfate and Folin: FCR assays) were used for determination of the antioxidant capacities of the samples. The leaves and the flowers of the plants were studied separately. Samples representing the same species collected from different locations were studied separately. The results have indicated that the samples differing by some minor morphological characteristics exhibit considerably different antioxidant capacities. Among the flower samples, the most effective species was C. x sinaica Boiss. nothosubsp. sinaica and among the leaf samples C. pentagyna Waldst and Kit. ex. Willd. were the most active. Generally, C. monogyna Jacq. samples have exhibited markedly high antioxidant activity. Moreover, the species collected from Bolu district (surrounded by several forests and lakes) have shown significantly high activity regardless of the species differences among the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]