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Tropical beef cattle production involving animals grazing in a shaded and biologically diverse environment, surrounded by high-quality edible biomass, is achievable through silvopastoral systems (SPSs). However, it is necessary to assess the effects of the presence of trees on forage and animal performance over time. In the Brazilian Cerrado, we evaluated the effects of 2 densities of eucalyptus trees in 2 SPSs (8 years of age - SPS22: 227 trees/ha; SPS14: 357 trees/ha) on forage morphology, production and nutritive value of Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã grass plus performance of Nellore heifers, compared with a grass-only pasture, over a year from 2015 to 2016. On the one hand, SPSs improved (P

Integrated-crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems are currently promoted as a measure for sustainable intensification of agricultural production. However, due to complex interactions among ICLF components, we are still lacking evidence about the system’s resilience regarding water availability, especially for regions characterized by pronounced wet and dry seasons and frequent droughts. For a mature ICLF system in the Cerrado biome of central-west Brazil comprising rows of eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, H13 clone) at a spacing of 22 m in combination with Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã pasture we continuously measured soil moisture (SM) until 1 m depth and supported this data with measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and aboveground green grass biomass (AGBM) across transects between the tree rows for almost two years. Across the seasons a distinct gradient was observed with SM being lower close to the tree rows than in the space between them. During winter SM decreased to critical values near the tree lines in the topsoil. During spring and summer, incident PAR was 72% and 86% lower close to the trees than at the center point. For autumn and winter PAR was more evenly distributed between the tree rows due to inclination with notably up to four times more radiation input near the tree lines compared to spring and summer. AGBM showed a clear distribution with maximum values in the center and about half of the biomass close to the tree rows. Our data suggest that, restrictions in AGBM accumulation shifted among seasons between water limitations in winter and light limitations during summer. Interestingly, SM changes during wetting and drying events were most pronounced in subsoils near the tree rows, while the topsoil showed much less fluctuations. The subsoil in central position showed the lowest SM dynamics in response to drought maintaining a relative high and constant SM content, therefore functioning as important water reservoirs likely improving the resilience of the system to drought stress. Results of this study could help to improve management and the design of ICLF systems in view of sustainability and resistance to (water) crises but should be further supported by in depth analysis of soil water dynamics as affected by climate gradients, soil types and different management practices.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of forage sorghum when intercropped with piatã grass and cultivated in eucalyptus sub-forest. The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa Gado de Corte, in Campo Grande - MS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main treatments were: monoculture (single sorghum); intercropping (simultaneous sowing of sorghum + piatã grass). The secondary treatments were composed by the sampling sites, with five sites equidistant between the rows of eucalyptus trees (CLFI), with full sun as a control (CLI). The percentage of shading was always higher than 30% in the sub-forest, and the overall average of the system with 63% shade, even after 50% thinning of eucalyptus trees. The intercropping with the grass, an interesting fact, did not affect sorghum grain yield, since it validates the potential of forage sorghum for use in intercropping with perennial grasses, with average grain yield of 2,404.63 kg ha-1. Regarding the sampling sites, it was observed a higher yield in the full sun with 3,283 kg ha-1. The weight of 100 grains was higher for sorghum in monoculture. On the other hand, the upper W1000 was observed at sites A and C. The weight of 1000 grains is considered stable, being affected only under conditions of stress during grain formation. The sorghum intercropped with the piatã grass did not influence the harvest index (HI), while in the shaded environment there was an increase in the harvest index in relation to the full sun. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-11T00:41:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SorghumIntercroppedwithPiataGrass.pdf: 226154 bytes, checksum: ed642bb6781e275accc485298dc1ff14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The objective was to evaluate vaginal temperature as a thermoregulatory response of Nellore heifers under different microclimatic conditions. The study was conducted during one year in an experimental area located at 54?370W, 20?270S, and 530 m of altitude in Brazil. Twenty-four Nellore females were reared in integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems with different shading patterns. The randomized complete block experimental design was utilized with a sub subdivided plots scheme, with plot corresponding to the production systems, the subplot to the season of the year, and the sub subplot, the hours of the day. To characterize the microclimate, data regarding air and black globe temperatures, and air relative humidity were collected and from them, temperature-humidity index was calculated. Vaginal temperature was obtained by using a bottom-type temperature logger (i-button) attached to an adapted intravaginal device. The black-globe temperature explained the variation on vaginal temperature. Increases on vaginal temperature were only observed, on average, two hours after the increase of black-globe temperature. The microclimatic conditions found in the systems, resulting from the various tree densities, modify the vaginal temperature in different degrees, demonstrating that the shading effect is not always accompanied by improvements in thermal comfort. The system with intermediate density showed a better microclimatic condition and, consequently, a lower increase in vaginal temperature. The interaction between air temperature, humidity and solar radiation resulted in adverse environmental conditions, however, Nellore heifers showed good adaptation to the environment. In conclusion, vaginal temperature is a good indicator to evaluate the thermoregulatory response in Nellore heifers. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-08T18:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vaginaltemperatureasindicative.pdf: 1296009 bytes, checksum: 10bf99cb04ab7f975e9c80292e682fc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The aim of the current study is to assess three integrated systems presenting different eucalyptus tree densities due to animal and forage production. The following integrated systems were assessed: crop-livestock-forest with 357 eucalyptus trees ha-1 (ICLF1); crop-livestock-forest with 227 eucalyptus trees ha-1 (ICLF2); and crop-livestock with 5 remnant native trees ha-1 (ICL). The randomized block experimental design was applied in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. The Average Daily Gain (ADG, g animal-1day-1) and the live-weight gain per area (LWG, kg ha-1) were applied to analyze animal performance, which was set by weighing the animals every 28 days (the animals previously fasted for 16h). Forage yield was higher in ICL during fall and winter; in summer, it did not differ from ICLF2. There was no forage yield difference between the ICL and ICLF2 systems in any of the assessed seasons; summer was more productive in ILPF1 than other seasons. The highest leaf crude protein contents (CP) in summer was recorded in systems ICLF1 and ICLF2, and the highest value recorded in fall was found in ILPF1; the lowest was found in ILP. On the other hand, the highest leaf NDF contents in summer were found in ILP. The highest ADG were found in summer. The highest LWG values recorded for the ICL and ICLF2 systems were collected in summer and fall; there was no difference in any of the three systems in winter. The LWG was higher in all system in summer. The ICLF2 emerged as the system (with trees) most appropriate for beef cattle production. Despite the shading interference on forage production, such condition is compensated by the best nutritional contents such as CP. The ICLF2 system allowing an annual LWG of 83% in relation to the ICL system during the fifth year of establishment of the systems.

Peltophorum dubium can be an alternative of forestry species to be included in integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems in tropical region. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of P. dubium under intraspecific tree competition and cardinal directions to measure the possibility of introduction in integrated livestock-forestry systems. The experiment was performed in a Nelder Wheel competition, which is used in forestry research to test tree competition. The experimental design was factorial (10×2×5) with 12 replicates. The treatments were accomplished by ten tree competitions (159, 201, 255, 322, 408, 516, 653, 827, 1,046 and 1,324 trees ha-1), two cardinal directions (North-South and East-West) and five times after planting (12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months). The highest tree competition (1,342 trees ha-1) in 36 months after planting, promoted increase in the cylindrical volume of the tree in both North-South and East-West cardinal directions. Nevertheless, the cardinal direction East-West was profitable to increase tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), cylindrical volume per tree and cylindrical volume per hectare. The DBH measured in 24 months after planting was 5.0 cm, which is considered the minimum DBH to introduce livestock into the integrated system without significant damage on trees. Regarding these preliminary results in the first three years, P. dubium was promising as Brazilian native species to be inserted in integrated livestock-forestry system or single forestry as an option for Eucalyptus spp. Key words: Forestry, dendrometry, Nelder Wheel, integrated systems, agroforestry

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-06832014000200025.pdf: 219526 bytes, checksum: adcc63e9025bd50fb92e9b58f640e555 (MD5) A qualidade física do solo é um importante fator para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as propriedades físicas do solo e o carbono orgânico em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta. O experimento foi conduzido no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram de sete sistemas: integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta, com 357 árvores ha-1 e altura de pastejo de 30 cm (CLF357-30); integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta, com 357 árvores ha-1 e altura do pastejo de 45 cm (CLF357-45); integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta, com 227 árvores ha-1 e altura do pastejo de 30 cm (CLF227-30); integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta, com 227 árvores ha-1 e altura do pastejo de 45 cm (CLF227-45); integração lavoura-pecuária, com a altura do pastejo de 30 cm (CL30); integração lavoura-pecuária, com a altura do pastejo de 45 cm (CL45); e vegetação nativa (NV). As propriedades do solo foram avaliadas nas profundidades de 0-10 e 10-20 cm. Todos os tratamentos com pastagem aumentaram a densidade do solo (r b) e resistência à penetração (RP) e diminuíram a porosidade total (¦t) e macroporosidade (¦ma), em comparação com a NV. Os valores de r b (1,18-1,47 Mg m-3), ¦ma (0,14-0,17 m³ m-3) e PR (0,62-0,81 MPa) na profundidade de 0-10 cm não foram restritivos ao crescimento de plantas. A mudança de uso do solo a partir NV para CL ou CLF diminuiu o carbono orgânico (SOC) e o estoque de carbono orgânico (SOCpool). Todos os tratamentos com pastagem apresentaram SOCpool similar na profundidade de 0-10 cm e foram menores em comparação à NV (17,58 Mg ha-1). Soil physical quality is an important factor for the sustainability of agricultural systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate soil physical properties and soil organic carbon in a Typic Acrudox under an integrated crop-livestock-forest system. The experiment was carried out in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Treatments consisted of seven systems: integrated crop-livestock-forest, with 357 trees ha-1 and pasture height of 30 cm (CLF357-30); integrated crop-livestock-forest with 357 trees ha-1 and pasture height of 45 cm (CLF357-45); integrated crop-livestock-forest with 227 trees ha-1 and pasture height of 30 cm (CLF227-30); integrated crop-livestock-forest with 227 trees ha-1 and pasture height of 45 cm (CLF227-45); integrated crop-livestock with pasture height of 30 cm (CL30); integrated crop-livestock with pasture height of 45 cm (CL45) and native vegetation (NV). Soil properties were evaluated for the depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. All grazing treatments increased bulk density (r b) and penetration resistance (PR), and decreased total porosity (¦t) and macroporosity (¦ma), compared to NV. The values of r b (1.18-1.47 Mg m-3), ¦ma (0.14-0.17 m³ m-3) and PR (0.62-0.81 MPa) at the 0-10 cm depth were not restrictive to plant growth. The change in land use from NV to CL or CLF decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) and the soil organic carbon pool (SOCpool). All grazing treatments had a similar SOCpool at the 0-10 cm depth and were lower than that for NV (17.58 Mg ha-1). Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso Department of Animal Science Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Soil and Fertilizer Embrapa - Gado de Corte Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Gado de Corte Ohio State University Carbon Management and Sequestration Center Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Soil and Fertilizer

O experimento foi conduzido em Cáceres, Estado do Mato Grosso, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de nitrogênio sobre a produção de forragem e a composição química do capim-tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.). Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com cinco tratamentos (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg há-1 de N) e quatro repetições, em parcelas de 4,0 x 5,0 m. Foram realizados quatro cortes a intervalos de 30 dias, na altura de 5 cm do nível do solo, sendo as doses de N parceladas em quatro aplicações após cada corte, sob a forma de ureia, em cobertura. Foi observado, para cada kg ha-1 de N aplicado, aumento, na produção de matéria seca total de 22,67 kg ha-1, na produção de lâmina foliar verde de 11,37 kg ha-1, na altura do relvado de 0,052 cm e no teor de proteína bruta da forragem de 0,00955 dag kg-1, e diminuição no teor de FDN de 0,0142 dag kg-1. Observou-se aumento na extração de N a uma taxa de 0,537 kg kg-1 de N e diminuição acentuada da eficiência de utilização do N a partir da dose estimada de 155 kg ha-1 de N.The experiment was carried out in Cáceres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) on forage production and chemical composition of Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). A randomized complete block design was used, with five treatments (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1) and four replications in 4.0 x 5.0 m plots. Four cuts were made at intervals of 30 days, at the height of 5 cm above ground level. N was applied after each cut, in the form of urea. For each kg ha-1 of N applied, we observed increases of 22.67 kg ha-1 in the production of total dry mass, 11.37 kg ha-1 in the production of green leaf blade, 0.052 cm in sward height, and 0.00955 dag kg-1 in crude protein content, and a reduction of 0.0142 dag kg-1 in NDF content. There was an increase in the extraction of N at a rate of 0.537 kg kg-1 of N, and sharp decline in the efficiency of N utilization from the estimated dose of 155 kg ha-1 of N.

This paper aims to discuss the scientific progress obtained in the past ten years in genetics and plant breeding, soil fertility and plant nutrition and the importance of target sward conditions for planning, controlling and recommending management grazing of tropical grasses. In addition, progress in crop-livestock integration systems and management alternatives for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission by beef cattle production systems, two very important areas related to sustainable production systems, will also be discussed. O objetivo neste trabalho é discutir os progressos científicos obtidos nos últimos dez anos em genética e melhoramento de plantas, fertilidade do solo e nutrição de plantas, além da importância dos objetivos concernentes a condições de pasto para planejamento, controle e recomendações de manejo de pastejo de gramíneas tropicais. Além disso, também serão discutidos o progresso nos sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária e as alternativas de gestão para a mitigação das emissões de gases de efeito estufa em sistemas de produção de gado de corte, duas áreas muito importantes associadas a sistemas de produção sustentável.

The objective was to evaluate animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in two integrated systems, during the summer and winter, five years after the initial establishment of the area. The randomized block experimental design was adopted with treatments consisting of a control (five native trees per hectare) and an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) system with 227 eucalyptus trees per hectare. Animal performance, canopy height, soil cover, forage mass (leaf, stem and senescent material), and forage nutritive value were evaluated. Differences between systems were observed in forage mass (total, leaf, stem and senescent material), soil cover and forage nutritive value in both seasons. Shading conditions provided by eucalyptus in the ICLF system lead to a reduction in forage mass and neutral detergent fiber content, and to an increase in crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility. However, no effect on animal performance was obtained. The presence of trees improves the forage nutritive value without impacting animal performance in integrated systems. RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho animal e as características nutricionais de Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã em dois sistemas integrados, durante o verão e o inverno, cinco anos após o estabelecimento inicial da área. O delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso foi adotado com tratamentos constituídos por um controle (cinco árvores nativas por hectare) e um sistema integrado lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) com 227 eucaliptos por hectare. Desempenho animal, altura do dossel, cobertura do solo, massa de forragem (folha, caule e material senescente) e valor nutritivo da forragem foram avaliados. Diferenças entre os sistemas foram observadas na massa de forragem (total, foliar, caule e material senescente), na cobertura do solo e no valor nutritivo da forragem em ambas as estações. As condições de sombreamento proporcionadas pelo eucalipto no sistema ICLF levaram a uma redução na massa de forragem e no teor de fibra em detergente neutro e a um aumento na proteína bruta e na digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica. No entanto, nenhum efeito no desempenho animal foi obtido. A presença de árvores melhora o valor nutritivo da forragem, sem impactar o desempenho animal em sistemas integrados.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-22T02:14:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 814-2487-3-PB.pdf: 472972 bytes, checksum: 51674d1dcaeb9c3c52d27d82f4367f88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

solids content (BRIX), NDF/BRIX ratio and tons of sucrose/ha, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy and in vitro digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent, of digestion and In vitro gas production of nonfibrous carbohydrates, latency time, digestion rate and gas production of fibrous carbohydrates, and in vitro digestibility of organic matter. There was a significant difference between the cultivars regarding the neutral detergent fiber content, in vitro digestibility of organic matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, net energy, degradation rates of fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates and latency period. There was a negative correlation between stem percentage and NDF/BRIX and positive correlation between in vitro digestibility of organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and mean test by Scott-Knott and Pearson's correlation analysis. The statistical program used was SAEG 2000. The RB835486 variety was superior to the other cultivars, as it presented 93.28% of stem, 57.5% of in vitro digestibility of organic matter, NDF / BRIX ratio of 2.68, 43.78% NDF, latency period 2.86h and fibrous carbohydrate degradation rate of 2.26% per hour. Therefore, this cultivar was better indicated for animal feeding between May and July in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-31T00:39:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AgronomicCharacteristicsChemicalComposition.pdf: 206939 bytes, checksum: a5fd510bdd2531500815cd08e8d9f928 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The aim of this study was to model the individual height and volume of eucalyptus wood in two integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF1 and ICLF2) in Campo Grande, a city in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Classic nonlinear growth models were adjusted for height (Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, Weibull, Van Bertalanffy, Brody, Mitscherlich, and Chapman and Richards) and volume (Shumacher-hall nonlinear, Takata, Honner, Logistic, Gompertz, and Weibull) in two structural arrangements: ICLF1, with a spacing of 14 x 2 m and density of 357 trees ha-1, and ICLF2, with a spacing of 22 x 2 m and density of 227 trees ha-1. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) measurements were performed in 100% of trees, with measurements of the total height of some individuals and a rigorous scaling procedure in diameter classes. According to the calculated value of Student's t-test, there was no significant evidence that DBH and the average height of the trees were different between ICLF1 and ICLF2. Based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the Richards model was selected to estimate heights and the Takata model was selected to estimate the volume. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-31T00:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Modelingtheindividualheightandvolumeoftwointegrated.pdf: 528319 bytes, checksum: 68dca323bfa15a76e0f6192825b664e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

This research aimed to evaluate the maize grain yield and forage of grass species under intercropping system using nicosulfuron herbicide. In order to assess the parameters related to maize, a randomized block design was defined. The treatments were arranged in a (5 × 2+ 1) × 2 factorial design with four repetitions resulting in 11 treatments, where maize was cultivated under intercropping condition with different forage species (5) (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) and maize monoculture (1) as control treatment, with and without nicosulfuron herbicide application (2) in two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). The off-season intercropping of maize with tropical forage grasses with and without herbicide suppression decreased maize grain yield. The suppression with nicosulfuron herbicide decreased the dry matter production of forage grasses. Intercropping of P. maximum cv. Mombaça with maize showed higher decrease in maize grain yield. On the other hand, it showed higher forage grasses production for livestock feeding. B. brizantha cv. Piatã was the forage which less affected maize grain yield under intercropping, even with absence of nicosulfuron suppression. Off-season maize under intercropping with tropical forages can be used to recover degraded pastures; increasing forage dry matter production for livestock, remaining the soil covered with straws with possibility of no-till seeding for the next cultivation. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-08T00:41:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yieldofmaizeandtropicalgrasses.pdf: 843647 bytes, checksum: 24ca13307d4e4a10b151acead737defd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal. [Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra]. Resumo: Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a produtividade e o valor nutritivo das gramíneas forrageiras tropicais: Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Piatã, Xaraés e Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy, em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), na segunda safra, buscando novas alternativas de produção de forragem para alimentação animal no outono-inverno. Utilizouse delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas corresponderam às cinco forrageiras, às subparcelas corrresponderam a três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio com milho sem supressão e consórcio com milho com supressão), e às sub-subparcelas, quatro intervalos de corte das forrageiras (50, 90, 125 e 195 dias após a emergência, DAE). O experimento foi conduzido no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2014. As produtividades de matéria seca, obtidas aos 195 DAE, referentes aos três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio sem supressão e com supressão), foram de 18,45; 7,15 e 3,05 t ha-1, respectivamente, e os teores de proteína bruta da lâmina foliar das forrageiras decresceram linearmente entre os intervalos de corte, de 50 a 195 DAE, de 19,95 % para 9,70%. O cultivo de forrageiras tropicais em sistemas integrados na segunda safra produz forragem de alta qualidade e quantidade para o outonoinverno. As gramíneas tropicais Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Xaraés e Piatã apresentaram maior produtividade de folhas e proteína bruta, em comparação às demais forrageiras em estudo. Em termos de valor nutritivo, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy foi superior aos capins Mombaça e Xaraés, porém apresentou menores produtividades de matéria seca total, folha e proteína bruta. De maneira geral, os capins Xaraés, Piatã e Mombaça são os mais indicados para o cultivo na segunda safra em sistema de ILP visando a produção de forragem para alimentação animal. Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T23:46:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Productivity.pdf: 416145 bytes, checksum: 0c82e8aae5d8498da6624ed3b0d87b87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-12

The aim of the current study is to assess three integrated systems presenting different eucalyptus tree densities due to animal and forage production. The following integrated systems were assessed: croplivestock- forest with 357 eucalyptus trees ha-1 (ICLF1); crop-livestock-forest with 227 eucalyptus trees ha-1 (ICLF2); and crop-livestock with 5 remnant native trees ha-1 (ICL). The randomized block experimental design was applied in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. The Average Daily Gain (ADG, g animal-1day-1) and the live-weight gain per area (LWG, kg ha-1) were applied to analyze animal performance, which was set by weighing the animals every 28 days (the animals previously fasted for 16h). Forage yield was higher in ICL during fall and winter; in summer, it did not differ from ICLF2. There was no forage yield difference between the ICL and ICLF2 systems in any of the assessed seasons; summer was more productive in ILPF1 than other seasons. The highest leaf crude protein contents (CP) in summer was recorded in systems ICLF1 and ICLF2, and the highest value recorded in fall was found in ILPF1; the lowest was found in ILP. On the other hand, the highest leaf NDF contents in summer were found in ILP. The highest ADG were found in summer. The highest LWG values recorded for the ICL and ICLF2 systems were collected in summer and fall; there was no difference in any of the three systems in winter. The LWG was higher in all system in summer. The ICLF2 emerged as the system (with trees) most appropriate for beef cattle production. Despite the shading interference on forage production, such condition is compensated by the best nutritional contents such as CP. The ICLF2 system allowing an annual LWG of 83% in relation to the ICL system during the fifth year of establishment of the systems. Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T23:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beefcattleproductioninestablishedintegratedsystems.pdf: 786330 bytes, checksum: 6dba51e2d12d9ab73b44bc9b3e33960e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23 Título em português: Produção de bovinos de corte em sistemas de integração estabelecidos.

The objective of this paper was to perform a microclimate evaluation and determine the indexes of thermal comfort indexes, in sun and shade, in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems with different arrangements of eucalyptus and native trees, in the Brazilian Midwest. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Beef Cattle in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from July to September 2013. The evaluations were conducted on four consecutive days, from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., local time (GMT?4:00), with 1 hour intervals, recording the microclimate parameters: air temperature (°C), black globe temperature (°C), wet bulb temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and wind speed (m.s?1), for the subsequent calculation of the Temperature and Humidity Index, the Black GlobeTemperature and Humidity Index, and the Radiant Thermal Load. The largest changes in microclimate parameters werefound in the full sun, between 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m., in less dense eucalyptus system, followed by the scattered native trees system, resulting in a maximum Temperature and Humidity Index of 81, Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index of 88 and Radiant Thermal Load of 794 W m?2. Therefore, it is observed that with the presence of trees in pastures were possible reductions of up to 3.7 % in Temperature and Humidity Index, 10.2 % in the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index, and 28.3 % of the Radiant Thermal Load in the shade. Thus, one can conclude that the presence of trees and their arrangement in the systems provide better microclimate conditions and animal thermal comfort in pastures

Increase food production in order to mitigate poverty and hunger in the long term are great international challenges for agriculture in the near future. This must be done by promoting sustainable agriculture. The economic social and environmental aspects should be taken into account; this is not easy in all circumstances. In fact, even though intimately related, economy social and environmental interactions are sometimes conflicting, also for the agricultural sector. Consumers, producers and all the involved satkeholders should be made aware of the impact of their acrivity on food sustainabilty through clear and non misleading information. One step in this direciton was taken by the SALSA project, which assessed the sustainaility of three cases on different beef production systems: specialized beef system based on pasture, integrated crop- livestock system and organic beef system, in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The sustainability indicators provided by the FAO-SAFA approach showed that a representative livestock farming integrated system, adopted in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, performed bettter in relation to land use and global warming, when compared to the other two beef production systems. The Brazilian integrated farming system represents an excellent case showing how sustainability is not related to a single production protocol or standard, but can be reached in different ways according to different natural, social and economic contexts. The complexity of assessing sustainability and interpreting the results also emerged, showing still existing limitations in objective quantitative measurements, making it necessary to integrate the debate on sustainability implementation with political, social and economic feasibility considerations.

The influence of cutting age on production and nutritive value of piatã grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã) and hybrid sorghum (Sorghum spp. cv. BRS 801) under an integrated croplivestock system was evaluated. The trial was carried out at the Embrapa Beef Cattle (20º27' S; 54º37' W) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, between April and October 2009. Experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates. Treatments were distributed across a split-plot design, which included three production systems (single piatã grass; single hybrid sorghum; mixed cultivation of sorghum and piatã grass). Half-plots consisted of three forage ages at harvest (with 70, 90 and 110 days after seeding). Variables included agronomical characteristics, productivity and nutrition value. Regardless of the evaluated systems, cutting age affected agronomical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM). Production was highest (4,048 kg ha-1) within the integrated system. Regardless of cutting age, monoculture sorghum had the highest crude protein level. Results showed that integrated sorghum and piatã grasses were an asset for forage productivity. Forages had higher values in crude protein and in in vitro digestibility of organic matter on the 70th day after seeding. Título em português: Produtividade e valor nutritivo de capim-piatã e sorgo de corte e pastejo em diferentes idades de corte.

Agroforestry systems for animal husbandry, including integrated crop-livestock-forest systems (ICLF) are rather diversified in the five Brazilian regions. They present several technical, environmental and socioeconomic benefits. However they are not broadly adopted, mainly because of their higher complexity compared with traditional systems as well as a certain lack of understanding by farmers regarding their benefits. To change this situation, in the last five years, the Brazilian government has directed financial resources for credit as well as for research and technology transfer addressing ICLF systems, including good agricultural practices and mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions. The goal is to improve competitiveness of the Brazilian agribusiness sector. Publicado também nos Anais do 22º INTERNATIONAL GRASSLAND CONGRESS, Sidney, 2013.