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14. Use of daptomycin in the treatment of prosthetic pulmonary valve endocarditis

Author

Smith, Sara, Rivera, Jose O., and Antony, Suresh J.

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus infections -- Control, Infective endocarditis -- Drug therapy, Health
Abstract

Infective endocarditis is relatively uncommon, affecting approximately 10,000 to 20,000 people in the United States, and accounting for one of every 1000 hospital admissions. (1) These infections can involve the right or left side of the heart and both native and prosthetic valves. Of the left-sided native valve infections, the aortic valve accounts for 5% to 36% of cases, mitral valve 28% to 45% of cases and zero to 35% of cases involve both valves. In right-sided native valve infections, the tricuspid valve is involved in zero to 6% of cases and the pulmonary valve is involved in less than 1% of cases. (1) The incidence of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), while not as common as native valve infections, is reported to be 3.1%, with the probability of infection being highest within the first year of valve placement. (2) The coagulase-negative staphylococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, is the most common pathogen of prosthetic valve endocarditis, especially within the first year after surgery. Methicillin-resistant strains, which are most common in the first year, can account for up to 79% of infections. (3) The treatment of methicillin-susceptible organisms include naficillin plus rifampin in combination with gentamicin. The recommendation for methicillin-resistant organisms or those with a penicillin allergy is vancomycin plus rifampin and gentamicin. Other agents used include linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin. (4) Daptomycin, a novel antibiotic, is emerging as a new treatment option for right-sided endocarditis resulting from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species. Originally approved in 2003 for skin and skin structure infections, it was approved in 2006 for the treatment of S. aureus (methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and resistant isolates (MRSA)) bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis. (5) To our knowledge, we present the first case of a patient with pulmonary valve endocarditis due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcusepidermidis treated with valve replacement and daptomycin. Keywords: Daptomycin Infective endocarditis, Case Report A 31-year-old female with a history of pulmonary valve replacement presented with fevers and chills of unknown etiology. On initial evaluation the patient was worked up by her [...]

Published
2010

15. List of Contributors

Author

Abraham, Soniya, Agh, Fahimeh, Ahmed, Idris Adewale, Akool, El-Sayed, Al-Saadi, Malath Azeez, Amin, Mohamed M., Amusquivar, Encarnación, Bakr, Riham O., Baliga, Manjeshwar Shrinath, Baliga-Rao, M.P., Bhandari, Ganesh, Bhat, Harshith P., Biradar, M.S., Cadegiani, Flavio A., Cai, Cindy X., Carlos, Stella, Castelino-Prabhu, Shobha, Chamulitrat, Walee, Colin, Marshal David, Das, Kusal K., Das, Swastika, Djurasevic, Sinisa, El-Din El-Sayed El-Sisi, Alaa, Emamjomeh, Abbasali, Fujii, Junichi, George, Thomas, González-Stuart, Armando E., Hai, Nguyen Thanh, Hasanein, Parisa, Herrera, Emilio, Hlaing, Ei Ei, Homma, Takujiro, Honnutagi, Rajesh, Iizuka, Katsumi, Jeyakumar, SM, Jonscher, Karen R., Kang, Rui, Kumar, Vijay, Lailerd, Narissara, Lee, Ji-Young, Lee, Yoojin, Liebisch, Gerhard, Longhi, Rafael, Majid, Dewan Syed Abdul, Mohamed, Dina Zakaria, Mullur, Lata, Muriel, Pablo, Nham, Dong Thi, Ojeda-Granados, Claudia, Palatty, Princy Louis, Panduro, Arturo, Pathil, Anita, Pavlovic, Sladjan, Pejic, Snezana, Piamrojanaphat, Pichapat, Ramachandrayya Shivashankara, Arnadi, Ramos-Tovar, Erika, Rao, Suresh, Reddy, R. Chandramouli, Rivera-Iñiguez, Ingrid, Rivera, José O., Roman, Sonia, Roytrakul, Sittiruk, Rucker, Robert B., Rungcharoenarrichit, Supicha, Salim Sokar, Samia, Sepulveda-Villegas, Maricruz, Shidfar, Farzad, Shukla, Surendra Kumar, Solaimani, Pejman, Stremmel, Wolfgang, Tang, Daolin, Thilakchand, K.R., Thu, Dang Kim, Todorovic, Zoran, Tran, Chuong, Trivedi, Bansari J., Tung, Bui Thanh, Vajreswari, A, Venkatesh, Sunitha, and Xie, Yangchun

Published
2019
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16. Contributors

Author

Ahmad, Jamiu Busari, Aisa, Haji Akber, Ajao, Abdulwakeel Ayokun-nun, Ajayi, Ebenezer Idowu O., Aladodo, Raliat Abimbola, Bédard, Alexandra, Behl, Tapan, Bertinato, Jesse, Bljajić, Kristina, Bozidarka, Zaric L., Branislava, Ilinčić, Calderón-Cortés, Elizabeth, Chaubey, Pramila, Cheah, Mark C.C., Cheng, Zhen, Cortés-Rojo, Christian, Dâmaso, Ana R., Daneshfard, Babak, de Piano, Aline, Dong, Yuesheng, Edita, Stokic, El-Darra, Nada, Erejuwa, Omotayo O., Gamboa-Gómez, Claudia I., Gao, Yanhua, Germán-Díaz, Marta, Goh, George B.B., González-Stuart, Armando E., Grammatiki, Maria, Granado-Casas, Minerva, Grover, Madhuri, Guadarrama-López, Ana Laura, Guerrero-Romero, Fernando, Gupta, Jyoti, Harbige, Laurence Steven, Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem, Hasimun, Patonah, Henriksen, Erik J., Heydari, Mojtaba, Ho, Suleen, Hosseini, Shabnam, Hosseinpour-Niazi, Somayeh, Hosseinzadeh, Hossein, Isenovic, Esma R., Jane, Monica, Johnston, Carol S., Kaur, Loveleen, Keim, Ary Prihardhyanto, Ketut Adnyana, I., Kiakubu, Oluwaseun Tope, Kotsa, Kalliopi, Liu, Liu, Ma, Qingling, Madende, Moses, Makkar, Rashita, Martínez-Carrillo, Beatriz Elina, Masquio, Deborah C.L., Masuda, J., Matsuoka, K., Mauricio, Didac, McCullough, Arthur J., McKay, Jenny, Menini, Stefano, Mirmiran, Parvin, Modo, Emmanuel Uchechukwu, Molehin, Olorunfemi Raphael, Montoya-Pérez, Rocío, Moreno-Villares, José Manuel, Mosavat, Seyed Hamdollah, Murali, Raju, Nurain, Ismaila Olarewaju, Obradovic, Milan, Orhan, Didem Deliorman, Orhan, Nilufer, Ostovar, Mohadeseh, Pal, Sebely, Pesce, Carlo, Pinheiro, Marcelo Maia, Pinheiro, Felipe Moura Maia, Pinto, Donato, Pradeep, Seetur R., Raafat, Karim, Razavi, Bibi Marjan, Richard, Caroline, Rivera, José O., Rodríguez-Morán, Martha, Rodríguez-Orozco, Alain Raimundo, Saavedra-Molina, Alfredo, Sabiu, Saheed, Saleh, Fatima A., Sangave, Preeti C., Schwabl, Herbert, Shah, Karan, Shams, Mesbah, Sharma, Shivali, Shimizu, F., Simental-Mendía, Luis E., Singh, Ashish K., Srinivasan, Subramani, Srinivasan, Krishnapura, Sujarwo, Wawan, Sun, Wenlong, Suvarna, Vasanti, Sweazea, Karen L., Takada, A., Tang, Dan, Valdés-Ramos, Roxana, Vennos, Cécile, Vinothkumar, Veerasamy, Wei, Yuanyuan, Xin, Xuelei, Xing, Yan, Yili, Abulimiti, Zhang, Bowei, Zhang, Taojing, Zoran, Stosic, and Zovko Končić, Marijana

Published
2019
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19. Critical ENT skills and procedures in the emergency department.

Author

Falcon-Chevere JL, Giraldez L, Rivera-Rivera JO, and Suero-Salvador T

Subjects
Anesthesia methods, Ear anatomy & histology, Emergencies, Epistaxis diagnosis, Epistaxis therapy, Foreign Bodies diagnosis, Foreign Bodies therapy, Hematoma diagnosis, Hematoma therapy, Humans, Lacerations diagnosis, Lacerations therapy, Nose anatomy & histology, Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases diagnosis, Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases physiopathology, Peritonsillar Abscess diagnosis, Peritonsillar Abscess therapy, Ear injuries, Nose injuries, Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases therapy
Abstract

Injuries and illness to the ears, nose, and throat are frequently seen in the emergency department. The emergency medicine physician must be proficient in recognizing these injuries and their associated complications and be able to provide appropriate management. This article discusses the most common otorrhinolaringologic procedures in which emergency physicians must be proficient for rapid intervention to preserve function and avoid complications. A description of each procedure is discussed, as well as the indications, contraindications, equipment, technique and potential complications., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
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20. Double-blind randomized trial of quadruple sequential Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in asymptomatic infected children in El Paso, Texas.

Author

Prieto-Jimenez CA, Cardenas VM, Fischbach LA, Mulla ZD, Rivera JO, Dominguez DC, Graham DY, and Ortiz M

Subjects
Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Child, Child, Preschool, Dietary Supplements, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Helicobacter Infections microbiology, Humans, Intention to Treat Analysis, Iron, Dietary pharmacology, Male, Texas, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Helicobacter Infections drug therapy, Helicobacter pylori drug effects
Abstract

Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of a novel quadruple sequential 10-day eradication therapy, its compliance, and reported adverse events in a sample of asymptomatically Helicobacter pylori-infected children in El Paso, Texas, as part of a study aiming to assess the influence of this infection on the levels of markers of iron stores., Patients and Methods: Using a double-blind randomized trial design, 110 asymptomatic children ages 3 to 11 with H pylori infection were randomly assigned to receive either a 10-day course of sequential eradication therapy plus 6 weeks of iron supplementation, eradication therapy plus placebo, iron supplementation plus placebo, or placebo only. H pylori infection status was assessed ≥45 days after treatment using the urea breath test. Analyses compared the proportion of subjects cured according to assignment to and completion of the sequential eradication therapy., Results: Intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses indicated that 44.3% and 52.9%, respectively, of the children receiving the novel quadruple sequential therapy had their infection eradicated compared with 12.2% and 15.4% in the arms receiving iron or placebo only, respectively (P < 0.001 in both analyses). Study medications were taken with no or only mild adverse events in most children., Conclusions: A quadruple sequential regimen eradicated H pylori in only half the asymptomatic children receiving this treatment. There was no difference in the cure rates of those receiving iron supplementation and those receiving placebo.

Published
2011
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21. Helicobacter pylori eradication and change in markers of iron stores among non-iron-deficient children in El Paso, Texas: an etiologic intervention study.

Author

Cardenas VM, Prieto-Jimenez CA, Mulla ZD, Rivera JO, Dominguez DC, Graham DY, and Ortiz M

Subjects
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency blood, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency etiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Biomarkers blood, Child, Child, Preschool, Dietary Supplements, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Helicobacter Infections blood, Helicobacter Infections complications, Helicobacter pylori classification, Humans, Intention to Treat Analysis, Male, Reference Values, Species Specificity, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Ferritins blood, Helicobacter Infections drug therapy, Helicobacter pylori drug effects, Iron, Dietary pharmacology
Abstract

Objectives: We assessed whether Helicobacter pylori eradication was followed by changes in iron stores among non-iron-deficient children., Materials and Methods: Double-blind randomized intervention trial on 110 asymptomatic 3- to 10-year-olds with H pylori infection assigned to any of the following 4 arms: both quadruple eradication and iron supplementation, either quadruple sequential eradication or iron supplementation, or placebo only. Hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin were measured at baseline and 8 months later to assess changes according to study arm, H pylori infection status at ≥45 days, and cytotoxin-associated gene product A status., Results: Intent-to-treat (n = 110) and per-protocol (n = 90) analyses revealed no differences across study arms in changes of iron stores. However, we found that those who had their infection eradicated had a 3-fold increased average change from baseline serum ferritin compared with that of children who remained infected (P < 0.05). Eradication of infection by cytotoxin-associated gene product A negative strains was associated with a larger ferritin increase., Conclusions: In this double-blind randomized trial, the first among non-iron-deficient, asymptomatic H pylori-infected children living in the contiguous United States, we found no effect of H pylori eradication regarding changes in iron stores. However, those who had their infection eradicated at follow-up had a significantly larger increase in serum ferritin from baseline.

Published
2011
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