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Objective: To evaluate the effects of magnifying the damage caused by obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, using a model of maternal periodontitis, on the structure of the anterior tibialis muscle of the offspring. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐four female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (n = 6), obese (n = 6), control with periodontitis (n = 6) and obese with periodontitis (n = 6). At 78 days of life, the rats were mated with males without any experimental intervention. The offspring of these rats (n = 1/L), at 120 days of life, were weighed and measured, then euthanized. Plasma was collected for analysis of cytokines IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17 and TNF‐α. Adipose tissues were collected and weighed, and the anterior tibial muscle was designated for histomorphological analyses (n = 6/group). Results: Monosodium glutamate offspring showed significant muscle changes, such as a reduction in the size of fibres and neuromuscular junctions, and an increase in the nucleus and capillaries. However, all these changes were more expressed in monosodium glutamate‐obese with periodontitis offspring. Conclusion: This leads us to suggest a magnifying effect promoted by periodontitis to the damage already well described by monosodium glutamate‐obesity, determined by low‐intensity inflammation, causing greater muscle damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG induction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg·g−1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg·g−1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). Afterwards, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, increased adiposity, and inducted hyperinsulinemia and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood, the following were observed: peripheral insulin resistance, increased fibrosis, oxidative distress, and a reduction in muscle mass, oxidative capacity, and neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty restoring in the muscle profile is related to the metabolic damage established early on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate whether ligature-induced periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) potentiate the deleterious effects on functional capacity, periodontal and synovial tissues, leukocyte migration, and interleukin 17 (IL-17) levels, and to investigate the repercussions of single Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) injection associated with periodontitis. Fifty-one male Wistar rats were randomised into six groups: control (CG, n = 8), RA (RAG, n = 9), periodontitis (PG, n = 9), periodontitis and RA (PRAG, n = 9), periodontitis and intradermal injection (PIDG, n = 9), and periodontitis and intra-articular injection (PIAG, n = 7). The animals underwent ligature placement and one or two injections with FCA to induce RA. Motor disability, nociceptive threshold, joint edema, and muscle strength were assessed, and the animals were euthanized on day 30. Synovial fluid, hemimandibles, and knee joints were collected. PRAG showed no reduction of edema or improvement of muscle strength, whereas it showed most significant changes in leukocyte migration, morphological analyses of the synovial membrane (SM), and radiographic and histometric analyses of the jaw. The PIAG showed some alterations, though not permanent. Ligature-induced periodontitis and RA induced by two FCA injections accentuated the deleterious effects on functional capacity, leukocyte migration, synovial and periodontal tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), is susceptible to several entomopathogens, including the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.‐Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales), which causes white muscardine. Aiming at effective alternatives for disease control, the effect of one pyridinium salt (PS) and seven imidazolium salts (IS) on biological parameters of this fungus – conidia germination, colony‐forming units (CFU), vegetative growth, and conidia production – were evaluated in vitro. Then, the in vivo action of the IS on silkworm larvae and pupae was verified. Preventive and curative actions of selected IS for disease suppression in B. mori caterpillars were evaluated either via oral or integumentary administration. When administered daily via feeding sheets, the IS 1,3‐di‐n‐decyl‐2‐methylimidazolium chloride at 100 μg ml−1 was effective in reducing the mortality of caterpillars by the fungal infection. In addition, it did not show any negative effects on developing B. mori larvae. Therefore, 1,3‐di‐n‐decyl‐2‐methylimidazolium chloride can be an effective tool in the management of white muscardine in silkworm rearing houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The initial inflammatory events of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) denote a synovitis process. An inflammatory cascade affects the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, joint cartilage and bone tissue. The maintenance of joint tissue in the disease is aimed at self-management of the joint, as treatment physical exercise can assist in inflammatory modulation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of exercise on the joint tissue of rats submitted to experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: 64 male Wistar rats were divided into two acute and chronic inflammatory periods, and subdivided into four groups: CG: control group, CEG: exercise control group, GL: injury group and LEG: exercise injury group. The animals were submitted to rheumatoid arthritis simulation after two inoculations containing Freund Complete Adjuvant (CFA), one intradermal and one at the tibiofemoral joint. As a treatment protocol, the animals of CEG and LEG were submitted to climbing exercise on stairs with an overload of 100 grams coupled to the tail of the animal. The morphological aspects of the knee joint were analyzed. Results: It was verified that the animals of CG and LEG showed normal parameters of the articular cartilage of femur and tibia, synovial membrane and bone periarticular region. The LG animals presented histological alterations characteristic of inflammatory process and tissue degeneration. The animals of LEG, treated with exercise denote remodeling of joint tissue. Conclusions: It is concluded that exercise shows beneficial effects of tissue recovery of the knee joint and periarticular bone tissue of rats submitted to an experimental rheumatoid arthritis model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fisioterapia e Pesquisa is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory condition, which leads to tooth loss and promotes a systemic inflammatory state that can aggravate the nerve degeneration. As laser therapy may stimulate regeneration, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the low-level laser (LLL) on peripheral nerve regeneration under the systemic inflammatory condition of PD. Methods: Thirry-two male rats were used, distributed in 4 groups: nerve injury (NIG); periodontal disease with nerve injury (PDNI); nerve injury and treatment (TNIG); periodontal disease with nerve injury and treatment (PDNIT). On the 7th day of the experiment, the animals had ligatures placed around the lower first molars. On the 22nd day, they underwent peripheral nerve damage, and on the 25th day, the LLL treatment was initiated, performed for two weeks. The sciatic functional index (SFI) was evaluated with subsequent euthanasia of all the animals on the 37th day of the experiment. The sciatic nerve was collected for morphological and oxidative stress analysis and the hemi jaws for radiographic analysis. Results: Regarding the SFI, there was no difference among the groups in the first evaluation (EV) pre-injury; as for theEV2, after injury, all the groups presented a decrease in these values, which remained in post-treatment. For the morphology of the PDNI, nerve tissue presented larger diameter fibers, whereas, for NIT and PDNIT, fibers had smaller diameters with endoneurial organization. When it comes to the antioxidant system, there was an increase in protein concentration, higher superoxide activity, and decreased glutathione transferase activity in the treated groups. Catalase and cholinesterase did not differ between the groups, and lipoperoxidation (LPO) increased in the PD groups. For the mandible radiographic analysis, it was possible to verify the induction of PD. Conclusion: As for the used parameters, the low-level laser was not effective in increasing the nociceptive threshold, but it contributed to the regeneration of nerve fibers, although the inflammation was still present in the site. However, the treatment was effective in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased SOD and increased protein, although the decrease in GST demonstrates the inhibition of this stage of the antioxidant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This histological study analyzed silk sericin as a potential direct pulp capping biomaterial in contact with pulp and comparing its response to calcium hydroxide. Methods and Materials: Twenty maxillary first molars from Wistar male rats were used, with 60 days of age, between 200 and 300 gr, which were divided in 4 groups (n=5): G1 and G3, controls, capped with calcium hydroxide in 7 and 30 days, respectively; G2 and G4, capped with silk sericin in 7 and 30 days, respectively. Circular cavities were prepared for pulp exposure, where capping materials were applied, being posteriorly restored with glass ionomer cement. After completion of each observation period, the animals were sacrificed and molars were histologically processed for analysis in light microscopy to evaluate presence of necrosis in pulp tissue, inflammatory cells infiltration and tertiary dentin formation. Data analysis was carried out using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests. Results: After 7 days, there was less necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration in G1 when compared to G2 (P=0.007 and P=0.008, respectively). After 30 days, a sample of G3 induced tertiary dentin formation and G4 showed decrease in inflammation (P=0.041) compared to G2. Conclusion: Among the determined experiment conditions, it was concluded that contact between silk sericin and pulp tissue showed improved inflammatory response throughout treatment and new cells proliferation. However, silk sericin adhibition in pure form did not show capability for induction of tertiary dentin formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To verify the action of sericin associated to swim exercise with overload, on sciatic nerve repair in Wistar rats, after 22 days of nerve compression. Methods: Forty animals been composed of five groups: control, injury, injury-sericin, injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming. During the lesion procedure, sericin, in hydrolyzed form, applied directly to the injury in the injury-sericin and injury-sericin-swimming groups. Injury-swimming and injury-sericin-swimming groups underwent to 5 days per week for 3 weeks, with a 10% overload of the animal's body weight, and a weekly progressive evolution of swimming time, lasting 15, 20 and 25 min/day. Pre and throughout the treatment period the animals performed evaluation of sciatic functional index and pressure pain threshold with digital von Frey filament. Euthanasia was performed on the 22nd postoperative day, and two fragments of the nerve were collected and prepared for descriptive and quantitative analysis. Results: The sciatic functional index assessment showed significant differences in the motor function of the control until the 14th day. Regarding the allodynia, there was revealed a significant improvement in injury-swimming performance relative to injury, injury-sericin and injury-sericin-swimming, and the number of viable and non-viable nerve fibers smaller than 4 μm in diameter was significantly higher in the injury-sericin-swimming. Conclusion: swimming showed a better evolution of the nociceptive threshold and allodynia. Sericin treatment had exacerbated pro-inflammatory characteristics. On the other hand, the association of sericine and swimming showed a possible regulatory effect by resting swimming exercise, with a significant increase of fibers of smaller diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:The present study analyzed the effect of therapy with therapeutic ultrasound on the sciatic nerve after compression injury, comparing two similar doses of SATA. Methods:In total, 32 Wistar rats were used, divided into the following groups: CG — control; IG — compression injury of the sciatic nerve; IGCU — injury and continuous ultrasound; and IGPU — injury and 20% pulsed ultrasound. The treatment with ultrasound started on the 3rd postoperative day, with a frequency of 1 MHz, 0.4 W/cm² (SATA) for IGCU. IGPU received 2.0 W/cm2(SATP), with 20% of the active cycle, for 3 minutes. The treatment was performed on a daily basis, totaling 15 days of therapy. Evaluations were performed for functional, histological, and morphometric forms. Results:Both the Sciatic Functional Index and the withdrawal threshold and grip strength failed to show an advantage of using therapeutic ultrasound. For the morphometric evaluations of nerve fiber diameter and axons, myelin sheath thickness, and G quotient and nerve fiber estimates, IGPU values were estimated to be significantly lower. The morphological analysis revealed intense inflammatory response and neovascularization, as well as degeneration of axons and the myelin sheath, for the injury group and IGCU; however, IGPU showed greater tissue disorganization. Conclusion:There were no significant differences, showing functional or nocicepitive recovery of the treated groups, including with characteristics pointing to the pulsed group with worse results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Fisioterapia e Pesquisa is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: We, herein, analyzed the effect of swimming on nociception threshold and peripheral nerve regeneration in lean and obese rats submitted to median nerve compression. Methods: To induce obesity, newborn male Wistar rats received injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG), whereas the control (CTL) group received saline. The animals were separated into 6 groups; control and obese (CTL and MSG), control and obese with lesion (CTL LES and MSG LES), and control and obese with lesion submitted to physical exercise (CTL LES PE and MSG LES PE). Results: Median nerve compression reduced nociception threshold in CTL LES and MSG LES rats. Swimming effectively altered nociception only in CTL LES PE animals. Lean and obese animals displayed histological differences, when compared to sedentary animals, and exercise improved axon regeneration in both groups. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor and GAP 43 protein expression was greater in animals submitted to nervous compression without alteration by exercise. Discussion: In conclusion, swimming, a conservative treatment for peripheral nerve lesions, was not able to improve the nociception threshold in obese rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which evaluated the transverse and longitudinal histomorphometric parameters of the soleus muscle fibers of rats held still in shortened position and then subjected to remobilization by jumping in water. It observes that the muscular tissue is able to react to stimuli such as immobilization that promotes hypotrophy and changing muscle performance, and it is necessary to find methods that seek to reverse these harmful effects after the immobilization stage.

The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the presence of an infectious process has not been well elucidated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT in an experimental model of septic arthritis. Methods. Twenty-one Wistar rats were divided as follows: control group, no bacteria; placebo group, bacteria were inoculated; Treated group, bacteria were injected and treatment with LLLT was performed. To assess nociception, a von Frey digital analgesimeter was applied. Synovial fluid was streaked to analyze bacterial growth. The standard strain of S. aureus was inoculated in the right knee. LLLT was performed with 660 nm, 2 J/cm2, over 10 days. After treatment, the knees were fixed and processed for morphological analysis by light microscopy. Results. It was found that nociception increases in the right knee. There was a lack of results for the seeding of the synovial fluid. The morphological analysis showed slight recovery areas in the articular cartilage and synovia; however, there was the maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusion. The parameters used were not effective in the nociception reduction, even with the slight tissue recovery due to the maintenance of inflammatory infiltrate, but produced no change in the natural history of resolution of the infectious process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study comparing the use of therapeutic thermal and non thermal ultrasound in association with stretching, to remobilize the soleus muscle of rats submitted to muscular shortening position, concerning the longitudinal histomorphometric aspects of the muscles. The study found the insufficiency of stretching in reversing the effects of immobilization. The dose of 0.5 W/square centimeter (cm2) in therapeutic ultrasound helped in muscle length recovery.

Objective. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease. Here we analyzed the effects of the supplementation with curcumin (CM) in a treatment with prednisone (PD) on hind paw' functionality and rectus femoris histomorphometric and immunohistochemical aspects. Methods. Thirty female 18 months-old Wistar rats were divided in six groups: control (CG), arthritis (AG), arthritis CM (AC), arthritis PD low-dose (APLD), arthritis PD high-dose (APHD) and arthritis PD low-dose and CM (APLDC). The experimental RA was induced by a complete Freund's adjuvant injection into the knee joint cavity. PD (2 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day) and CM (C21H20O6) (100 mg/kg/day) were used as treatment, using gavage method. Functionality, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed in the hind paw and in the rectus femoris muscle. Generalized mixed models was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set as P-value 0.05. Results. AG had loss of grip strength, motor function and increase in nociceptive threshold (p < 0.0001). AC and APLDC had positive effects on grip strength and motor function. Histomorphometry revealed degenerative lesions in AG muscular tissue with circulatory disorders, changes in muscle fibers, connective tissue and muscle spindle, major total collagen quantity and smaller perimeter in the postsynaptic region (p < 0.0001). APLDC showed the best recovery in these aspects (p < 0.001). Conclusions. CM supplementation in the treatment with 2 mg/kg/day of PD restored muscle strength, motor function, histomorphometrical and postsynaptic aspects in old female rats with experimentally induced RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Prolonged joint immobilization causes muscle hypotrophy and joint stiffness, which worsen as the immobilization time increases. Muscle remobilization is essential to restore muscle mass and activity as soon as possible. There are various treatments for muscle remobilization, but therapeutic ultrasound has proved to be a promising technique, with thermal and athermic actions, generating possibilities for increasing tissue extensibility and cell metabolism, helping with the anabolic effects of static stretching. Objective. To evaluate the histopathological changes in the tibialis anterior muscle of Wistar rats after remobilization using therapeutic ultrasound, using the histopathological index. Methods. 21 male Wistar rats were used, divided into 3 groups (n = 7): immobilization group, immobilization and free remobilization group, immobilization and remobilization with ultrasound group. Immobilization was carried out with the knee flexed at 120° and total ankle plantiflexion for three weeks. Ultrasound was used at a frequency of 1.0 MHz with an intensity of 0.5 w/cm², lasting 2 minutes on the knee and a further 2 minutes on the ankle. Analyses were carried out using the histopathological index to measure the level of alterations and lesions in the muscle tissue, classifying them as severe, moderate or mild. Conclusions. It was concluded that the anabolic stimulus of ultrasound was favorable to the trophic recovery of muscle tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]