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Bee crisis is threatening global food security, given the fact that one third of global agricultural production relies on pollination, especially that of honey bees. Despite their importance for human being, honey bees die with alarming speed. In recent years, in Europe and America, due to pollution, pesticides and neglect there was registered an unprecedented rate of disappearance of honey bees. Einstein's theory, the fact that once the bees cease to exist, humanity has only four years to extinction, seems now truer than ever. Thus, the issue has gained a tone of maximum urgency; the bee crisis can entirely shatter the world food security, already affected by the economic crisis. There are plenty of factors that could cause honey bee population decline: disease, parasites, climatic factors (high temperature, drought) or decrease in the diversity of honey flora. It may sometimes happen that the beekeeper himself causes the poisoning of his honey bees, use inappropriate products which should protect the honey bees. It is therefore possible to imagine a multi-factorial explanation of problems encountered by honey bees and to underestimate the key role of pesticides. Considering these, a review of the impact of pesticides on honey bees should not be superfluous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has been conducted to highlight the melliferous capacity of some autumn rape varieties. Our research is important, for it completes previous observations in this area; they are original due to the research method and are also important to beekeepers because they represent new information on rape hybrids on the market. Research was conducted in 2012 in the localities Comloşul Mare, Comloşul Mic and Lovrin, three localities in Timiş County. The study determined the production growth by the honey bee families in the flowering period of the autumn rape. The purpose of this research was to highlight the nectarious secretion of some rape varieties. Rape varieties were: cultivar Adriana, hybrid Mercure and hybrid Exagone. Considering the productions made by the honey bee families in the three localities significant differences were observed between data values collected both within the same variants (locality) and between the three variants studied. The rape cultivar, in the case of our research, in the climate of the year 2012, has shown a better melliferous capacity than the hybrids and in the end the control scales reached an approximate growth of 23 kilograms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These researches have been conducted to demonstrate the toxicity of chemicals in the field for bees. They are not novelty but on the other hand they are of paramount importance, since they complete the previous observations in the field. Substances that have been used are not new and in all years of observations there have been problems in the aspect of their impact on honey bees. The aim was to observe the insecticide toxicity to bees, because both substances used had devastating impact on families of bees that collected nectar and pollen from the field in the day the insecticide was sprayed on the rape culture. By statistically processing the data it can be observed that in the first monitoring week of the three variants analysed there are no significant differences in the average of the collecting bees. From a biological point of view this is a normal phenomenon, thus bee families under study had a uniform degree of development, until the moment the rape culture treatment was applied, i.e. insecticide for combating pests. In the second and the third week of monitoring, there are big statistical differences between the witness and the two variants. The witness had a constant value of around 300 bees followed by a growth of 450 bees. In the case of the latter variants, where insecticide treatments had been applied, the average of bee numbers, in the same period, at hives in the two localities, was a lot smaller (180 bees) as compared to witness locality (320 bees). Between variants L1 and L2 i.e. localities Comlosul Mic and Teremia Mare, data shows that there is a slight significance, insecticides used for conducting activities have disturbed the bees collected from both locations. In the second locality in the third week of observations, there was a shortage of bees, with an average of 110 bees. This number is very small compared to the witness where there were identified 370 bees in the third week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researches represent a novelty in the field, since there have been no other recent researches that would accurately present the special contribution that bees have on pollinating the sunflower crop. High-performance hybrids analyzed in terms of 2012 showed good yields of sunflower of over 3.400 kg/ha. The high-performance sunflower hybrids, given that the critical flowering stage is helped by bees, make very high yields of over 5.000 kg/ha. Additional bee pollination was good for sunflower in 2012, all analyzed hybrids showed yield increases ranging from 10-20%. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the major contribution that bees have in sunflower crop pollination. All hybrids, currently existing on the Romanian market, need in their blossoming stage additional bee pollination. The varieties of cultivated sunflower were from companies Syngenta hybrid Brio and Neoma, Caussade Semences hybrid Imeria and Dalia and Pioneer with hybrids PR64LE19 and PR36A90. Sowing date was within the range 02-IV.2012 and 02.V.2012. The plant generally used in the pre-planting period was wheat, but in Cenei locality at two varieties (PR36A90 and Imeria) corn was used. In the reference area, beekeepers located bee colonies for crop pollination, different in number. Likewise, the strength of these bee families was different. Following these observations, we wanted to study the effectiveness of pollination by bees with every commercial hybrid in part, and finally the sunflower production was determined for each hybrid in all localities where research was conducted. The notable difference between the numbers of bee families used as pollinators in the localities studied made the sunflower production fluctuating within the same hybrid researched. In the case of hybrid Dalia CS in Sandra locality with a number of 120 bee families, there was a yield of 3.000 kg/ha, and in locality Cenei at a number of 350 bee families, there was a yield of 3.400 kg/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]