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The main objective of this report is to establish well-founded proposals for the design, implementation and responsible management of the comprehensive product “fishing tourism or pesca-toursim”, taking into account its diversity and adaptability to environmental, socioeconomic and cultural impacts. The project seek ed to establish a comprehensive intelligent management system to promote sustainable relationships among the different stakeholders for activities developed in coastal ecosystems. This product of “Fishing-Tourism” may be closely related to protected areas, as it may be intended to show not only the fishing culture but also the natural heritage of the areas involved. This report emphasizes the relevance of stakeholders’ participation (co-creation) processes, highlighting their degree of responsibility in the dynamics of conservation and the potential of differentiation of the destination through the valorisation of the cultural and natural heritage. The main objectives of the task are: • Diagnosis of the interactions of SSF communities in relation with tourism activities in the coastal area + identify synergies and best practices • Analysis of the actual experiences and potentialities for developing fishing tourism activities involving SSfishers and their boats, encouraging synergies and promoting the development of the quality of the host populations involved • Proposals for the development of activities related to fishing communities that can be developed on land

In order to improve the sustainable development of FADs fishing, it is important to reduce the capture of juveniles or species that need a decrease in fishing effort, temporarily or definitively. Through previous statistics data coming from commercial fishing trips and new experimental fishing trips, we compared different gears and techniques selectivity for the species and the size of the capture around FADs. We also compared different type of bait used, the best hours to fish for better productivity and to target adults. Finally we look at the influence of the FAD distance from shore. We observed that fishers’ strategies have a critical influence on FADs setting and targeted species. The furtherthe FAD is deployed and the better yield the fisherman obtain. The fishers who target Dolphin fish deploy several FADs while the others exploit generally one FAD per trip. The main results from experimental fishing trips show that the jigging technique around FADs catches blackfin tuna adults. Most of the blackfin and yellowfin tuna captures happened late in the morning and we observed a drop off after 12:00 pm. Flying fish bait (live or dead) seems to be more efficient, except for the blue marlin. An analysis of FADs governance is necessary before advising some technics., Afin d'améliorer le développement durable de la pêche avec DCP, il est important de réduire la capture de juvéniles ou d'espèces qui doivent faire l'objet d'une réduction de l’effort de pêche de manière temporaire ou définitive. Sur la base de données statistiques d'années antérieures provenant de sorties de pêche commerciale et de nouvelles données de sorties de pêche expérimentale, nous avons comparé la sélectivité de différents engins et techniques pour les espèces et la taille de la capture réalisée avec DCP. Nous avons également comparé les différents types d'appâts utilisés, les heures de pêche donnant lieu au meilleur rendement et permettant de cibler les adultes. Finalement, nous avons examiné l'effet de la distance entre les DCP et la côte. Nous avons observé que les stratégies des pêcheurs avaient un impact fondamental sur la pose des DCP et les espèces ciblées. Plus le DCP est déployé au large et meilleur est le rendement du pêcheur. Les pêcheurs qui ciblent la coryphène commune déploient plusieurs DCP alors que les autres exploitent généralement un seul DCP par sortie. Les principaux résultats des sorties de pêche expérimentale ont fait apparaître que la technique de la turlutte autour des DCP permet de capturer des spécimens adultes de thon à nageoires noires. La plupart des thons à nageoires noires et des albacores sont capturés en fin de matinée et une baisse a été constatée à partir de midi. Le poisson volant utilisé comme appât (mort ou vivant) semble être l'appât le plus efficace, sauf dans le cas du makaire bleu. Il est nécessaire d'analyser la gestion des DCP avant de pouvoir formuler un avis sur les techniques utilisées.

Chlordecone is a very persistent insecticide used in banana plantations of the French West Indies between 1972 and 1993. Chlordecone residues were found in inland water, in agricultural and freshwater products, and in marine organisms. This pollution has become of great concern in 2007. Therefore, a governmental action Plan was launched to better assess the pollution and to improve the consumer’s protection. Within this plan, 1048 samples from 69 different species of marine fishes and crustaceans were collected all around both the Guadeloupe and the Martinique Islands and analyzed. The results confirm the presence of chlordecone in marine organisms, with highly variable concentrations (from the detection limit to 1000 μg.kg-1). In 17.9 % of the samples, concentrations exceeded 20 μg.kg-1, the maximum acceptable level in fish according to the French regulation (Anon, 2008). Two main features of this contamination were characterized. 1) Because of the sedimentation of contaminated suspended soil particles, the sheltered bays are more exposed to chlordecone than the open coast where terrigenous flux are dispersed. 2) Species biology, particularly their lifestyle and diet, appear to influence contamination levels. Thus, the more contaminated species live in relation with sediment or are at high trophic level. These results have directly supported political decisions in order to prevent too high exposure of consumers to chlordecone. Fishing activities in sheltered bays have been forbidden for potentially highly contaminated species like benthic crustaceans and top predators. Further studies are under way to assess the importance of the trophic transport of chlordecone within the foodweb, and to evaluate the historical deposition of this insecticide in sediment and its further bioavailability.

The necessity of improving knowledge in fisheries and especially small-scale coastal fisheries in order to analyse the conditions for their sustainable development is increasingly recognized. The three main requirements for the sustainable development of fisheries are the simultaneous present and future well being of the bio-ecological system, the human system and the management process. Knowledge on these aspects of small-scale coastal fisheries (SSCF) in Europe is generally limited, although there has been an improvement in information on the fishing sector and inshore marine resources due to the EU Data Collection Regulations (DCR) 1. SSCF are strongly represented in all EU Member States (81% and 87% of the EU 25 whole fleet is composed of vessels less than 12 and 15 meters respectively)2 and approximately 100,000 crew are involved in SSCF in Europe. SSCF are present all around the European coast, even in isolated and sensitive areas.

The development of the ecosystemic approach for fisheries supposes to improve integrated analysis of fisheries by considering the biological as well as the socio-economic dimensions of the exploitation. A prerequisite for integrated analysis is the improvement in the knowledge of fleets structure, fleet evolution and allocation of fishing effort in the different fisheries. However, small scale fisheries are often characterized by a lack of knowledge on the vessel fishing activity. This paper first presents a data collection methodology recently applied in the French West (Guadeloupe and Martinique) for the follow up of the whole vessel population. Based on a statistical analysis of these data sets, the paper develops a fleet-metier matrix giving the possibility to identify the structure of the fleet, the metier polyvalence of the vessels but also the origin of fishing mortality on the different exploited fishing resources. We then discuss the interest of this methodology for fisheries analysis and the perspective in terms of fisheries management at regional levels., Le développement de l’approche écosystémique des pêches suppose de renforcer les analyses couplant les dimensions biologiques et socio-économiques de l’exploitation. Cela passe en particulier par une meilleure connaissance des flottilles de pêche, de leur évolution et l’allocation de l’effort de pêche dans les différentes pêcheries. Dans un contexte de connaissance souvent très limitée sur l’activité de navires de petite pêche, ce papier présente la méthodologie de collecte de données utilisée, dans le cas des îles des Antilles françaises (Guadeloupe et Martinique). Sur la base d’une collecte de données minimale mais exhaustive de l’activité des navires, le papier propose le développement une analyse matricielle (flottilles-métiers) permettant de caractériser la structure des flottilles de pêche, d’identifier leur polyvalence en termes de métiers pratiqués et l’origine de la mortalité par pêche. On discute enfin l’intérêt de ce type d’approche pour l’analyse de pêcheries ainsi que les perspectives pour la gestion des pêches., El desarollo del estudio del ecosistema de las pescas supone que hay que intensificar los análisis considerando a la vez las dimensiones biológicas y socio-económicas de la explotación. Esto supone un mejor conocimiento de las flotillas de pesca, de su evolucíon y de la atribución del esfuerzo de pesca en las diferentes pesquerías. Sabiendo que los conocimientos sobre la actividad de los buques de pequeña pesca son muchas veces limitados, este documento presenta la metodología de recolección de informaciones estadísticas dada en el caso de las islas de las antillas francesas (Guadeloupe y Martinique). Basándose en una recoleccíon de informaciones estadísticas mínima pero eschaustiva de la actividad de los buques, este documento propone el desarollo de un análisis de las matrices (flotillas-metiers) que permite caracterizar la estructura de las flotillas de pesca y de identificar su caracter polivalente en términos de metiers practicados. No solo permite discutir sobre el impacto de las políticas que tienden a reorientar el esfuerzo de pesca de las especies de los bancos insulares hacia las especies pelágicas, sino también permite discutir sobre el interés de generalizar este tipo de recolección de informaciones estadísticas en los sistemas de observación de las pesquerías a escala de las pequeñas Antillas o de otros espacios pertinentes para la gestión de las pescas. Palabras llaves : flotillas, metiers, actividad de pesca, pequeña pesca, gestión de las pescas

For most fisheries, increasing the local production of pelagic fish is the main objective of Fish Aggregating Devices (fads). This does not rule out the existence of a larger-scale impact, especially on the migratory behaviour of fish. The analysis of data collected during 25 experimental fishing surveys around Martinique between 1995 and 1997 has led to the hypothesis that fads influence the migratory behaviour of young dolphinfish. Unlike recent studies of dolphinfish migration in the Caribbean, which tend to show an annual migration pattern with a seasonal passage through the French West Indies, the experimental fishing surveys done over more than a year on a monthly basis on a single cohort, show that the migratory pattern of part of the regional stock could be disrupted. This analysis has made it possible to estimate an average growth rate for this species during the first year of life.