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This study investigates the impact of social observatories’ monitoring on municipal public spending in Brazil. Ceteris paribus, such oversight is expected to enhance the detection of administrative inefficiencies and corruption, leading to a reduction in municipal spending. However, theoretical frameworks suggest scenarios that might negate these effects. Internationally, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of social control over public expenditure, and in Brazil, research in this area is still in its early stages. Employing agency theory and a difference-in-differences approach, we test two hypotheses: (i) the presence of social observatories significantly lowers municipal per capita spending; (ii) the impact of social observatories is more substantial in smaller municipalities with populations under 50,000. Findings validate the effectiveness of observatories across Brazil, particularly in smaller municipalities. In a country largely composed of small municipalities, often affected by corruption and administrative inefficiencies, observatory oversight enhances public spending efficiency and municipal fiscal health.

Abstract Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi is a species with several potential uses; selecting the proper substrate and fertilizer rate can be vital for seedling production in a nursery environment. This study aims to evaluate two substrates, namely: (i) sewage sludge (SS) from Ilha WWTP; (ii) a commercial substrate (CS) made of organic materials (mainly sphagnum peat). Increasing rates of controlled-release fertilizer – CRF (0, 3, 6, and 12 kg m−3) were applied. The experiment was completely randomized with a factorial 2 × 4 scheme (substrates × rates). The seedlings’ growth, biomass, and quality were evaluated. The treatments were compared by Tukey test and regression analysis, where linear, quadratic, and cubic models were considered. Principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were performed. The CRF rates showed non-significant effects for most of the investigated variables in the SS substrate. In the CS, a 7.8 kg m−3 rate of CRF showed the best growth performance. The multivariate analysis of the morphological parameters proved suitable as a complementary approach to evaluate the seedlings’ quality. Seedlings reached recommended values for height, diameter, and quality in the 100% SS substrate without chemical fertilizers; thus, Schinus terebinthifolia production in the SS from Ilha is recommended. Besides the growth advantage, the SS can promote nursery cost savings with commercial substrates and chemical fertilizers.

NIETZSCHE, Friedrich. Segunda Consideração Extemporânea: sobre a utilidade e a desvantagem da História para a vida. Trad. de André Itaparica. São Paulo: Hedra, 2017.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized phylogenomics by decreasing the cost and time required to generate sequence data from multiple markers or whole genomes. Further, the fragmented DNA of biological specimens collected decades ago can be sequenced with NGS, reducing the need for collecting fresh specimens. Sequence capture, also known as anchored hybrid enrichment, is a method to produce reduced representation libraries for NGS sequencing. The technique uses single-stranded oligonucleotide probes that hybridize with pre-selected regions of the genome that are sequenced via NGS, culminating in a dataset of numerous orthologous loci from multiple taxa. Phylogenetic analyses using these sequences have the potential to resolve deep and shallow phylogenetic relationships. Identifying the factors that affect sequence capture success could save time, money, and valuable specimens that might be destructively sampled despite low likelihood of sequencing success. We investigated the impacts of specimen age, preservation method, and DNA concentration on sequence capture (number of captured sequences and sequence quality) while accounting for taxonomy and extracted tissue type in a large-scale butterfly phylogenomics project. This project used two probe sets to extract 391 loci or a subset of 13 loci from over 6,000 butterfly specimens. We found that sequence capture is a resilient method capable of amplifying loci in samples of varying age (0–111 years), preservation method (alcohol, papered, pinned), and DNA concentration (0.020 ng/μl - 316 ng/ul). Regression analyses demonstrate that sequence capture is positively correlated with DNA concentration. However, sequence capture and DNA concentration are negatively correlated with sample age and preservation method. Our findings suggest that sequence capture projects should prioritize the use of alcohol-preserved samples younger than 20 years old when available. In the absence of such specimens, dried samples of any age can yield sequence data, albeit with returns that diminish with increasing age.

Genetically modified (GM) seeds have had relevant impacts on worldwide agriculture, even with a limited number of essential traits launched in the markets. The focus on platforms crops has favored the combination of traditional breeding, GM insertion, and diffusion in agriculture. One of the remarkable features of the GM traits has been the close link with pest and weed control systems. We investigate the environmental effects due to pesticides for two different GM seeds: insect resistant (IR) cotton and herbicide tolerant (HT) soybeans in a particular period of Brazilian agriculture, 2009–2013. We use a dataset on commercial farms' use of pesticides and biotechnology in Brazil to document environmental effects of GM traits. We explore within farm variation for farmers planting conventional and GM seeds to identify the effect of adoption on the environmental impact of pesticides measured as the quantity of active ingredients of chemicals and the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) index. The findings show that the IR trait reduces application of insecticides by 22% and the associated environmental impact by 20% the environmental impact of insecticides. However, for HT traits, we find that application of herbicides increases by 55.8% and the associated environmental impact by 44.4%, showing a significant increase in the EIQ. The HT results are driven by an increase of less toxic herbicides elevenfold larger than the decrease in less toxic ones, which we interpret as evidence of weak substitutability between herbicides of different toxicity levels. Addressing what happened in the last decade, the paper also presents a view of the transformations in GM usage in Brazil, focusing on the considerable success in adopting stacked genes. Future perspectives point to a more diversified menu of technologies, crops, and adopting countries, going beyond platform crops and more prominent agriculture exporters.

Glyphosate is a nonselective herbicide of systemic action that inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, thus compromising amino acid production and consequently the growth and development of susceptible plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hormetic effect of glyphosate on the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of coffee plants. Coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica cv Catuaí Vermelho IAC-144) were transplanted into pots filled with a mixture of soil and substrate and subjected to ten doses of glyphosate: 0, 11.25, 22.5, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440, and 2880 g acid equivalent (ae) ha−1. Evaluations were performed using the morphological, physiological, and biochemical variables. Data analysis for the confirmation of hormesis occurred with the application of mathematical models. The hormetic effect of glyphosate on coffee plant morphology was determined by the variables plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and leaf, stem, and total dry mass. Doses from 14.5 to 30 g ae ha−1 caused the highest stimulation. In the physiological analyses, the highest stimulation was observed upon CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, electron transport rate, and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II at doses ranging from 4.4 to 55 g ae ha−1. The biochemical analyses revealed significant increases in the concentrations of quinic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, and coumaric acid, with maximum stimulation at doses between 3 and 140 g ae ha−1. Thus, the application of low doses of glyphosate has positive effects on the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of coffee plants.

Neste artigo analisamos o estatuto da compaixão na filosofia de Schopenhauer, e de que modo tal experiência ocorre na ação prática humana desembocando em ações justas e caritativas, mediante a compreensão da unidade metafísica que perpassa todos os seres humanos, para além das limitações fenomênicas próprias do princípio de individuação. Veremos ainda implicações de tal perspectiva na relação do ser humano com o mundo circundante, especificamente no trato aos animais.

O artigo, em memória ao legado de Roberto Machado, estabelece a conexão entre Hölderlin e Nietzsche acerca da relação entre o trágico e o sagrado, encontrando na figura de Dionísio o elo filosófico entre ambos, não obstante as óbvias diferenças axiológicas entre Hölderlin e Nietzsche. No entanto, ambos são pensadores da imanência.

Abstract Background The New World Tropics has experienced a dynamic landscape across evolutionary history and harbors a high diversity of flora and fauna. While there are some studies addressing diversification in Neotropical vertebrates and plants, there is still a lack of knowledge in arthropods. Here we examine temporal and spatial diversification patterns in the damselfly family Polythoridae, which comprises seven genera with a total of 58 species distributed across much of Central and South America. Results Our time-calibrated phylogeny for 48 species suggests that this family radiated during the late Eocene (~ 33 Ma), diversifying during the Miocene. As with other neotropical groups, the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of most of the Polythoridae genera has a primary origin in the Northern Andes though the MRCA of at least one genus may have appeared in the Amazon Basin. Our molecular clock suggests correlations with some major geographical events, and our biogeographical modeling (with BioGeoBEARS and RASP) found a significant influence of the formation of the Pebas and Acre systems on the early diversification of these damselflies, though evidence for the influence of the rise of the different Andean ranges was mixed. Diversification rates have been uniform in all genera except one—Polythore—where a significant increase in the late Pliocene (~ 3 mya) may have been influenced by recent Andean uplift. Conclusion The biogeographical models implemented here suggest that the Pebas and Acre Systems were significant geological events associated with the diversification of this damselfly family; while diversification in the tree shows some correlation with mountain building events, it is possible that other abiotic and biotic changes during our study period have influenced diversification as well. The high diversification rate observed in Polythore could be explained by the late uplift of the Northern Andes. However, it is possible that other intrinsic factors like sexual and natural selection acting on color patterns could be involved in the diversification of this genus.

O artigo aborda a relação estabelecida por Espinosa entre a vida ética pautada pela prática da virtude e a beatitude divina, seja pelo caminho da religião ou mesmo da filosofia, em contraponto aos poderes obscurantistas das seitas que promovem as condições mais aviltantes para afastar o homem da genuína felicidade sagrada em vida.

Apresentação do Volume 20, número 3

The desert rose, Adenium obesum, an apocynacea native to regions of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula is widely cultivated throughout the world for its ornamental and medicinal values. In Brazil there is a growing interest in the ornamental attributes of A. obesum, which leads to the interest of the scientific community in solving problems that may accompany the cultivation of this plant. Some studies on the forms of management, nutrition and irrigation have been carried out, however, studies that aim to understand diseases and pests that affect the desert rose are still scarce. This study aimed to report the first occurrence of mites of the family Tetranychidae causing damage to desert rose cultivated in a greenhouse in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Sixty specimens of desert rose were monitored between December 2019 and July 2020 in a greenhouse in the biosciences department of the Federal University of Paraíba. All plants had injuries and damage caused by the mite. The main damages were necrosis, deformation of the edges, closing of the leaves along the central vein and yellowing with total dryness and falling of the leaves. Formation of webs over leaves and flowers. It was concluded that the mites of the family Tetranychidae cause damage to desert roses that can damage their commercial value.

2,4-D and dicamba are used in the postemergence management of eudicotyledonous weeds in different crops, most of which are grown under no-tillage systems. Due to the application methods for these products, their dynamics in straw and their residual action in soil have rarely been explored. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of 2,4-D and dicamba that have been applied to corn straw and to verify their relationship with residual control action in weeds. In the dynamics experiments, the herbicides were applied to 5 t ha−1 of straw, and rainfall simulations were performed with variable amounts and at different periods after application to evaluate herbicide movement in the straw. In the residual action experiments, the species Digitaria insularis, Conyza spp., Bidens pilosa, Amaranthus hybridus, Euphorbia heterophylla, and Eleusine indica were sown in trays, and 2,4-D and dicamba were applied directly to the soil, to the soil with the subsequent addition of the straw, and to the straw; all of these applications were followed by a simulation of 10 mm of rain. The physical effect of the straw and the efficacy of the herbicides in terms of pre-emergence control of the weed species were evaluated. The leaching of 2,4-D and dicamba from the corn straw increased with a higher volume of rainfall, and the longer the drought period was, the lower the final amount of herbicide that leached. The presence of the corn straw on the soil exerted a physical control effect on Conyza spp.; significantly reduced the infestation of D. insularis, B. pilosa, A. hybridus, and E. indica; and broadened the control spectrum of 2,4-D and dicamba, assisting in its residual action and ensuring high levels of control of the evaluated weeds. In the absence of the straw, 2,4-D effectively controlled the pre-emergence of D. insularis, Conyza spp., and A. hybridus, and dicamba effectively controlled D. insularis, Conyza spp., B. pilosa, A. hybridus, E. heterophylla, and E. indica.

Plants develop a series of adaptive mechanisms capable of tolerating the action of herbicides; however, little is known about the physiological mechanisms developed by cassava. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of post-emergence herbicides on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of two cassava cultivars subjected to six herbicide treatments. The evaluations occurred at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after herbicide application. Herbicide application induced changes in the physiological and anatomical leaf profile. These changes were observed through the thickening of the leaf blade midrib caused by the herbicides fomesafen and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl in the Campinas cultivar. On the other hand, the leaves of the Sergipana cultivar showed a reduction in the thickness of the midrib tissues. Minor effects on cassava plants were observed with the herbicide fluazifop-p-butyl.

A utilização da amantadina na prática clínica ainda parece pouco difundida, apesar da evidência crescente na emergência de alterações do estado de consciência após traumatismo cranioencefálico. Descrevemos o caso de um adolescente com traumatismo cranioencefálico grave por atropelamento. Após quatro meses de internamento num hospital central onde se manteve em estado vegetativo foi transferido para um centro de reabilitação. Iniciou um programa de reabilitação integral liderado por equipa médica, incluindo estimulação multissensorial e intervenção no meio envolvente. Iniciou amantadina, 50 mg/dia, titulada até 200 mg/dia, verificando-se melhoria clínica e funcional significativas, com emergência para estado de consciência mínima à terceira semana e recuperação da consciência à sexta semana de amantadina. Manteve melhoria progressiva mesmo após suspensão do fármaco. O caso descrito salienta a importância da intervenção holística e corrobora a literatura ao demonstrar a eficácia e segurança da amantadina na emergência do estado vegetativo.

O artigo aborda a calamidade pandêmica da COVID-19 a partir de um enfoque que conecta perspectivas filosóficas, políticas e econômicas na compreensão desse caos global. Disposições éticas são analisadas na tentativa de se mitigar os efeitos deletérios da pandemia na vida humana, assim como os fatores governamentais e corporativos que impedem maior capacidade de enfrentamento da COVID-19, para maior prejuízo da humanidade.

Este trabalho não apresenta resumo.

Dicamba can be included in weed management programs for Brazilian agricultural crops, such as Conyza spp. and Amaranthus spp., and it is essential to implement good management practices that include salts with low volatility levels and appropriate associations to maintain volatility at acceptable levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the volatilization of dicamba diglycolamine (DGA) salt associated with different glyphosate salts and volatility reducers. Laboratory and field studies were conducted with the application of DGA alone and in mixtures with three glyphosate formulations (potassium salt, ammonium salt, and di-ammonium salt) with and without a volatility reducer. Under laboratory conditions, the sprayed targets (corn straw) were sent to a vapor collection system for subsequent determination of the amount of volatilized dicamba. In the field, the treatments were applied in a tray containing clay soil, and then, these trays were arranged in soybean rows for 48 h under plastic tunnels. The plant injury and the concentrations of the dicamba in the soybean plants at different distances from the tray were determined. The methodologies used in this study were adequate for understanding the volatility of DGA. The volatility of the dicamba DGA salt used was reduced and was managed through the use of volatility reducers and the correct formulation of glyphosate in the mixture. The VR was efficient in reducing the volatility for dicamba alone and DGA in combination with all glyphosate salts. The combination of dicamba DGA salt with glyphosate potassium salt and a volatility reducer was the mixture with the lowest volatility and is the most suitable combination to recommend to farmers.

Abstract Background Coalescent methods that use multi-locus sequence data are powerful tools for identifying putatively reproductively isolated lineages, though this approach has rarely been used for the study of microbial groups that are likely to harbor many unrecognized species. Among microbial symbionts, integrating genetic species delimitation methods with trait data that could indicate reproductive isolation, such as host specificity data, has rarely been used despite its potential to inform species limits. Here we test the ability of an integrative approach combining genetic and host specificity data to delimit species within the avian malaria parasite genus Leucocytozoon in central Alaska. Results We sequenced seven nuclear loci for 69 Leucocytozoon samples and used multiple species delimitation methods (GMYC and BPP models), tested for differences in host infection patterns among putative species based on 406 individual infections, and characterized parasite morphology. We found that cryptic morphology has masked a highly diverse Leucocytozoon assemblage, with most species delimitation methods recovering support for at least 21 separate species that occur sympatrically and have divergent host infection patterns. Reproductive isolation among putative species appears to have evolved despite low mtDNA divergence, and in one instance two Leucocytozoon cytb haplotypes that differed by a single base pair (~ 0.2% divergence) were supported as separate species. However, there was no consistent association between mtDNA divergence and species limits. Among cytb haplotypes that differed by one to three base pairs we observed idiosyncratic patterns of nuclear and ecological divergence, with cytb haplotype pairs found to be either conspecific, reproductively isolated with no divergence in host specificity, or reproductively isolated with divergent patterns of host specialization. Conclusion Integrating multi-locus genetic species delimitation methods and non-traditional ecological data types such as host specificity provide a novel view of the diversity of avian malaria parasites that has been missed previously using morphology and mtDNA barcodes. Species delimitation methods show that Leucocytozoon is highly species-rich in Alaska, and the genus is likely to harbor extraordinary species-level diversity worldwide. Integrating genetic and ecological data will be an important approach for understanding the diversity and evolutionary history of microbial symbionts moving forward.

In current times, DNA vaccines are seen as a promising approach to treat and prevent diseases, such as virus infections and cancer. Aiming at the production of a functional and effective plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery system, four chitosan polymers, differing in the molecular weight, were studied using the design of experiments (DoE) tool. These gene delivery systems were formulated by ionotropic gelation and exploring the chitosan and TPP concentrations as DoE inputs to maximize the nanoparticle positive charge and minimize their size and polydispersity index (PDI) as DoE outputs. The obtained linear and quadratic models were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) and non-significant lack of fit, with suitable coefficient of determination and the respective optimal points successfully validated. Furthermore, morphology, stability and cytotoxicity assays were performed to evaluate the endurance of these systems over time and their further potential for future in vitro studies. The subsequent optimization process was successful achieved for the delivery systems based on the four chitosan polymers, in which the smallest particle size was obtained for the carrier containing the 5 kDa chitosan (~82 nm), while the nanosystem prepared with the high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan displayed the highest zeta potential (~+26.8 mV). Delivery systems were stable in the formulation buffer after a month and did not exhibit toxicity for the cells. In this sense, DoE revealed to be a powerful tool to explore and tailor the characteristics of chitosan/pDNA nanosystems significantly contributing to unraveling an optimum carrier for advancing the DNA vaccines delivery field.

Resenha do livro: MÜLLER-LAUTER, Wolfgang. Nietzsche: sua filosofia dos antagonismos e os antagonismos de sua filosofia. Trad. de Clademir Araldi. São Paulo: Ed. Unifesp, 2009, 312p.

Apresentamos a reflexão nietzschiana sobre a indissociabilidade entre filosofia e fisiologia, relação descartada pela tradição metafísica do pensamento ocidental, que pouca importância concedeu ao corpo e aos seus elementos intrínsecos, assim como aos seus processos orgânicos. Uma vez que a base axiológica da filosofia de Nietzsche se sustenta por uma compreensão imanente da existência, o corpo adquire o estatuto de eixo diretriz das valorações e a fisiologia se torna a “ciência” da vida, sustentada por uma interpretação existencial singular e perspectivística dos processos orgânicos. Tal circunstância retira qualquer conotação normativa e universalista, emancipando-se ainda de qualquer traço positivista, pois a compreensão fisiológica da existência, em Nietzsche, exige a afirmação da singularidade de cada organismo, uma vez que cada corpo reage aos estímulos externos e aos elementos assimilados cotidianamente de maneira distinta dos demais, impedindo assim a formulação de um princípio absoluto de valores, tal como a metafísica pretendeu estabelecer.

PASCHOAL, Antonio Edmilson. Nietzsche e o ressentimento. São Paulo: Humanitas, 2014, 226p.

NIETZSCHE, Friedrich. Wagner em Bayreuth. Trad. de Anna Hartmann Cavalcanti. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 2009.

Resenha da obra BATAILLE, Georges. Sobre Nietzsche: Vontade de Chance. Trad. de Fernando Scheibe. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2017.

ABSTRACT Termites have peculiar activities in the soil, inducing significant changes in the soil properties. The objective of this study was to assess physical and chemical properties and soil organic matter to evaluate the effect of termite activity and termite mounds on the soil. Two toposequences were selected and divided in slope thirds (shoulder, backslope, and footslope). In each of these, four termite mounds were selected. Samples were taken from the soils and termite mounds (top, center, and base) along with a variety of termites for identification. Analyses were carried out for physical, soil texture, and chemical properties, as well as for particle size and chemical fractioning of organic matter. The species Cornitermes cumulans was found in all mounds. Soil with termite mound presented higher clay content, acidity, and Al3+ content. Phosphorus contents differed considerably between mound material and soil. Sum of bases and cation exchange capacity of the soil were higher in mounds, and differed within the mounds, according to the sampling height. Total organic carbon and particulate carbon content were highest at the mound base. A marked disparity was observed between the contents of humic substances in the mounds and surrounding soil, with humin fraction differences in distinct topographic position. The high nutrient contents detected in the termite mounds confirm the importance of termites in concentrating nutrients.

The article aims to analyze the traditionally encrusted conservative discourses in Brazilian public opinion about the repressive actions of the police against not only the called marginality, but any movement of resistance to the arbitrary character of the State oblivious to the actually popular interests, showing that this position is created from the internalization of oppression in the society’s very subjectivity, turning this State’s official violence into something common. The article also brings as an agenda for discussion the importance of popular mobilization as a political mechanism of effective resistance to the authoritarianism of the State as a progressive process of awareness of the people about its potential citizenship.

O presente artigo procura opor a característica eminentemente afirmativa da Vontade a possibilidade da autonegação, ou, dito de outro modo, expor a contradição do fenômeno consigo mesmo. Desse dilaceramento íntimo, do intenso sofrimento pessoal, bem como do consequente elevar-se acima de sua individualidade, resultaria o repúdio de si mesmo. Do mesmo modo que mesmo no repúdio sempre se trata da atividade da vontade, também a supressa o do querer presente na contemplação estética e analisada a partir da noção de que a vontade desaparece apenas da consciência, e não da contemplação em si mesma. Nesse sentido, os alvos, mesmo não sendo os da consciência comum, ainda são alvos sublimados da vontade.

The construction industry is an environment with much waste. An alternative that could minimize this problem is Lean Thinking, as it focuses on eliminating waste. A widely used tool in lean manufacturing is the production cell, whose main goal is to keep production in continuo flow. In the construction context, the applications of this tool are still incipient, arousing the interest to be further investigated. The aim of this study is to analyze how a production cell was applied in a facade service execution and evaluate this result. We used the case study method in a contractor with experience in facades execution. We collected qualitative data (in situ observations and interviews with employees) and quantitative (time and cost data supplied by the contractor). After the data were analyzed (before and after cell implementation) Through analysis and literature review we decided to follow those steps: a) methods b) materials c) people d) equipments and machines. The results point out improvement in the employee relationship with the administration, increased employee commitment, cost savings with direct labor and increase the pay received by employees. This paper contributes to expanding the use of this tool (production cell) in the construction and shows that through this application, many benefits can be achieved.

The bioactive compounds of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP), serum lipids and the antioxidant status of rats fed high-fat diets containing different doses of FJP were evaluated. Obesity was induced and three groups of the obese animals received high-fat diet with 1%, 2% and 4% FJP added (J1, J2 and J4, respectively). The HPLC–DAD analyses of the polyphenols in the FJP showed four compounds: gallic acid, cyanidin 3-glucoside, ellagic acid, and quercetin. The serum saturated fatty acids were reduced in J1 and J4-fed animals. The antioxidant defenses of plasma were increased in the J2 and J4-fed animals. All the FJP diets prevented lipid peroxidation in the liver and increased its antioxidant defenses. Lipid peroxidation in brain decreased with an increasing FJP content in the diet. The antioxidant status of the kidneys of J2 and J4-fed animals increased. Thus, FJP could be an alternative to minimize the high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and circulating saturated lipids.

The use of production cells in manufacturing has achieved many benefits, motivating researchers to apply them in the construction environment. The aim of this research is to identify time, space, and information linkages in construction’s production cells applications, seeking opportunities for broader implementations. We adopted a literature review approach focusing on cases in the Brazilian construction sector that addressed cell applications. Subsequently, comparative tables of these publications were prepared, analyzing the consideration of time, space, and information linkages, as well as identified results. The article pointed out that there is a gap in publications that address the application of a production cell in almost all construction flows, except the job site flow, reflecting the tendency of most companies of applying lean concepts firstly in physical flows. By analyzing these aspects (group of features that enhance the use of the cell), it was found that “material flow and pull systems” and “operators interaction” were the aspects most often considered, but mostly partially. Few cases reported the use of “flexibility” and “equipment maintenance”. No case reported comprehensive considerations of the three important linkages of time, space, and information. Space was the linkage better considered compared to time and information linkages. Lead time reduction, cost savings and increased productivity were among the greatest benefits reported from the applications of production cells. There is also a positive correlation between the linkages coverage and the number of benefits obtained. Further research is suggested in order to investigate the results of a more comprehensive application considering all linkages.

O artigo aborda o caráter filosoficamente revolucionário do pensamento de Schopenhauer acerca do processo ontológico da negação da Vontade, representado materialmente na era moderna pela ruptura com a ordem materialista da sociedade de consumo, produtora de ilusões de satisfação e gozo para seus sectários. Tal circunstância faz de Schopenhauer uma voz dissonante aos apelos do materialismo vulgar do regime capitalista por dissecar filosoficamente as bases psicológicas que o sustentam, a exaltação dos desejos jamais realizados convenientemente.

O artigo versa sobre a distinção axiológica estabelecida por Nietzsche entre a prática evangélica de Jesus e a distorção da mesma pela institucionalização da moralidade cristã. Através das indicações de Nietzsche, realiza-se uma interpretação imanente da mensagem religiosa de Jesus, que fez de sua doutrina uma possibilidade de se alcançar a beatitude no âmbito da própria vida, e não uma promessa para além do mundo; mais ainda, a comprovação de que a genuína prática cristã se fundamentava numa valoração amoral, destituída de qualquer qualidade normativa.The article turns on the axiologic distinction established by Nietzsche enters the gospelical practical of Jesus and the distortion of the same one for the institutionalization of the Christian morality. Through the indications of Nietzsche, one becomes fulfilled an interpretation immanent of the religious message of Jesus, who made of its doctrine a possibility of if reaching the beatitude in the scope of the proper life, and a promise does not stop beyond the world; more still, the evidence of that genuine practical Christian if based on an amoral valuation, destitute of any normative quality.

De acordo com a visão de mundo de Schopenhauer, o ser humano se caracteriza por ser dominado por uma carência essencial, motivada pela eterna insatisfação dos seus desejos e inclinações. Essa situação motiva na personalidade humana o desgosto pela existência, o desenvolvimento de sentimentos terríveis e violentos, brevemente apaziguados quando o homem consegue suprir essa carência existencial, os quais, após uma feliz paz de espírito, afloram novamente na vida humana com máxima intensidade. Schopenhauer elabora a referida teoria da contemplação estética, considerando que o indivíduo que se dedica à criação artística e mesmo ao ato de filosofar, torna-se efetivamente capaz de apaziguar por momentos preciosos o abrasamento de sua infelicidade. Tal perspectiva influencia Freud quando este desenvolve a teoria da sublimação, sendo que esta se caracteriza por superar em alguns passos a perspectiva de Schopenhauer, pelo fato de que Freud considera que não apenas na criação artística e na Filosofia, mas em qualquer outra atividade, de caráter intelectual ou até mesmo de labor, o ser humano canalizaria os seus voluptuosos impulsos sexuais (que na teoria de Schopenhauer seria mais uma das expressões do desejo imposto pela vontade humana) através da realização de empreendimentos, de ações que, transformando essa energia vital dispersa através do ato sexual, em um impulso produtivo concreto.

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da amnioinfusão para a propedêutica do oligoidrâmnio acentuado. Metodologia: foram incluídas neste estudo 12 gestantes com diagnóstico de oligoidrâmnio acentuado no 2º e 3º trimestre da gestação encaminhadas para realização de amnioinfusão. O procedimento foi realizado utilizando-se soro fisiológico a 37ºC a uma velocidade de 20 mL/min seguido da injeção de 5 mL de corante. A avaliação do índice de líquido amniótico (ILA) foi realizada antes e 30 minutos após o procedimento e as anomalias fetais quando presentes foram registradas. A idade gestacional das pacientes variou de 18 a 34 semanas (média 25 ± 4 semanas). O ILA inicial variou de zero a 7,3 cm (média 10,3 cm) e o final de 10,0 a 25,4 cm (média 16,36 ± 6 cm). O volume infundido variou de 300 a 1000 mL (média 605,4 ± 224,1 mL). Resultados: em nove pacientes (75%) o exame permitiu o diagnóstico etiológico: quatro roturas de membranas e malformações fetais em cinco casos. Em duas pacientes o oligoidrâmnio era idiopático e em uma gestante o estudo anatomopatológico revelou infarto placentário. Nove gestações (75%) foram interrompidas após o diagnóstico e três foram mantidas sob observação por tempo médio de 8,8 semanas após a amnioinfusão. Todos fetos evoluíram para o óbito, sendo sete natimortos e os demais neomortos. Conclusão: a amnioinfusão mostrou ser método propedêutico de alta acurácia permitindo o diagnóstico etiológico do oligoidrâmnio acentuado em 75% dos casos.

Neste artigo abordamos a teoria schopenhaueriana sobre a fonte dos desejos na vida humana e de que maneira ela regula as ações humanas como um dispositivo gerador de sofrimento, pois estimula o indivíduo a satisfazer continuamente seus ímpetos desiderativos. O capitalismo reforçaria essas disposições, ao estimular a satisfação humana mediante o desenvolvimento da afluência da sociedade de consumo.

Neste artigo estabelecemos uma convergência filosófica entre Schopenhauer e Nietzsche acerca da questão ontológica da eternidade da vida natural, não obstante a finitude da individualidade regida pelas categorias do espaço e do tempo. Demonstramos que Schopenhauer, não obstante receber a alcunha de pessimista, apresenta uma visão de mundo que permite a superação do desgosto da existência mediante a hipótese de que apenas a vida individual se anula no evento da morte, e não as condições de possibilidades da vida, a Vontade. Nietzsche, por sua vez, argumenta que a vida, apesar de sua finitude, é digna de ser vivida em sua plenitude, pois é apenas a configuração individual que se dissipa pelo acontecimento da morte, jamais a potência dionisíaca que se encontra presente em todas as formas individuais.

Neste artigo realizamos uma insólita contextualização das críticas de Schopenhauer ao sistema acadêmico oitocentista com a realidade contemporânea da vida universitária brasileira, demonstrando que as suas objeções ao establishment universitário e suas idiossincrasias são plenamente aplicáveis em nosso contexto sociocultural.

Neste artigo apresentamos as convergências entre Schopenhauer e Nietzsche na crítica ao formalismo da moral kantiana, sustentada pelo primado do dever, postulado pretensamente racional que exige o cumprimento da ação moral do indivíduo de maneira objetiva, sem manifestação de quaisquer inclinações pessoais. Schopenhauer e Nietzsche, apesar de apresentarem pontos divergentes acerca do valor existencial da compaixão, apresentam argumentos éticos que se chocam violentamente com a doutrina kantiana da moral, uma ilusão deletéria para a condução prática da vida humana.

Neste artigo veremos de que modo Nietzsche, no contexto da experiência beatífica da doutrina evangélica de Jesus, compreende a noção de “Deus” através de um enfoque imanente e “extra-moral”, favorecendo assim a formulação de uma concepção da prática religiosa para além de determinações moralistas e coercitivas típicas das instituições teológicas normativas.

Este artigo analisa a reflexão nietzschiana sobre a relação da cultura européia do séc.XIX com o desenvolvimento da perspectiva historicista, o modo pelo qual tal tendência seassociava a um exercício exacerbado de acúmulo erudito de informações, que, ao invés depromoverem o cultivo da genialidade humana, na verdade motivavam o seu declínio vital, e deque maneira esse projeto cultural historicista se baseia numa noção teleológica da história dacivilização ocidental, sustentada pela idéia de que a humanidade caminha ao estado deprogresso contínuo, pois uma razão superior ordena nossa realidade concreta. Para Nietzsche,tal concepção retira do presente a sua significação, postergada para um futuro ideal.F

Spondylodiscitis is a rare cause of spinal cord lesion. Although this kind of infection is known to have a low incidence; it reflects cases of major clinical interest, since early diagnosis and treatment are determinant reducing morbi-mortality and in improving functional prognosis.To analyse demographic and clinical data; the diagnostic investigations, the rehabilitation programme and the outcome in hospitalised patients.The authors performed a retrospective, descriptive study. They reviewed the medical records of all hospitalised patients in Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra (CHC), between January 2002 and April 2007, with the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis and for which the cooperation of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was required.Of the 28 hospitalised patients found, the mean age was 63.5 years (DP +/-15,6); 71% come from a rural environment. The average days of hospitalisation time was 76.6 days (DP +/- 34,2). The most frequent involved agents were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (21%), Staphylococcus aureus (14%) and Brucella mellitensis (14%). In 39% of the cases no agent was identified. The most common clinical manifestations were pain (92%) and neurological sings/symptoms (35%). Of the diagnostic investigations undertaken, MRI (85%), CT scan (67%), increased ESR (60%) and CRP (71%) were the most used. The lumbar spine was the region most frequently involved (67%). In 42% of the cases para-spinal soft-tissue and/or spinal canal were affected. The preferable treatment was the conservative one; there was a need for surgical approach only in two patients. The rising up of the patients constituted the main reason, why the cooperation of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was required. In 67% of de cases, the patients were advised to use orthosis and 64% started a rehabilitation programme. Of the 21 patients with a known outcome, 62% recovered completely.The most frequent causative agent was Mycobacterium tuberculosis, having a significant role in spondylodiscitis in our country, attending to its high prevalence. As there is almost always a late diagnosis, a long pharmacological treatment and a slow rehabilitation, there has to be a high rate of suspicion and an early rehabilitation in order to diminish mortality and its economic costs. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation has a prevailing role in the improvement of the functional prognosis in this disease.

O artigo pretende explicitar as distinções que Nietzsche estabelece entre Jesus Cristo e “o crucificado”, particularmente em O anticristo, com o intuito de defender a hipótese de que “o crucificado” criticado por Nietzsche corresponderia a uma má compreensão e não ao Jesus histórico. Para tal, será defendida a existência de uma discrepância entre a vida, obra e mensagem de Jesus e os rumos tomados na nossa civilização pela cristandade, considerando que o primeiro valoriza a prática de uma ética afirmativa de uma relação de amor e imanência entre Deus e o homem, enquanto a moral cristã, ao preconizar a desvalorização do mundo da vida e criar uma doutrina normativa, em verdade estaria contradizendo a própria mensagem evangélica de Jesus.

Upper limb lymphedema is the most frequent complication of mastectomy. The efficacy of therapeutic modalities is crucial concerning the high prevalence and severity of some of its consequences. The authors make a revision of literature about epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

O trabalho padronizado tem sido amplamente utilizado na manufatura. Através de sua aplicação, resultados positivos em termos de produtividade e estabilização de processos tem alcançados. Na construção, a adoção desta forma de padronização é ainda incipiente, sendo observadas apenas aplicações parciais. Como consequência, não existe ainda conhecimento suficiente sobre as formas eficazes de adaptação deste conceito ao contexto da construção, com resultados tão significativos quanto os observados na manufatura. O objetivo deste artigo é propor um método para aplicação do trabalho padronizado ao contexto da construção. Foram realizados dois estudos de caso exploratórios em atividades de características diferentes: assentamento de porcelanato no piso e execução de estaca Franki. O método proposto consiste em uma adaptação de outro método de aplicação do trabalho padronizado, que vem sendo utilizado na manufatura. Constatou-se, ao final da pesquisa, que este método pode ser adaptado ao setor da construção, possibilitando uma análise estruturada com foco na otimização de recursos utilizados. A principal contribuição do trabalho é evidenciar a potencialidade de aplicação do trabalho padronizado no contexto da construção e despertar o interesse na aplicação prática deste conceito, e na continuidade de pesquisas neste tópico.