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The purpose of this study is twofold: (i) analyze the variations of network centralities between close (difference of goals equal to one) and unbalanced (difference of goals equal to or greater than two) scores; and (ii) compare the centrality levels between playing positions. The passing sequences that occurred during the sixty-four matches played by the thirty-two national teams that participated in the 2018 FIFA World Cup were analyzed and coded. The network centralities of degree prestige and degree centrality were calculated based on the weighted adjacency matrices built from the passing sequences. The results reveal that higher degree centralities of midfielders occurred in unfavorable (lost) unbalanced scores (p = 0.046; ES (effect size) = 0.472). Moreover, in favorable (won) matches the higher values of degree centrality of central defenders (p = 0.014; ES: 0.458) and defensive midfielders (p = 0.004; ES: 0.715) were also found in unbalanced scores. The comparisons between positions revealed that the highest and significant degree prestige levels were found in defensive midfielders in both close (12.10%) and unbalanced scores (10.95%). In conclusion, it is possible to observe that winning by an unbalanced score significantly increased the centrality levels of the wingers and forwards in comparison to close scores. Moreover, it was also found that independent of the final score or the unbalanced score level, the defensive midfielders were the most prominent or recruited players during the passing sequences.

Orientador: Regina Facchini Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: Esta pesquisa contribui para o conhecimento acerca de ações coletivas no Brasil contemporâneo a partir da análise das articulações entre estruturas de oportunidades, enquadramentos políticos, redes de relações e repertórios de atuação de ativistas. A etnografia focaliza as relações estabelecidas ao longo de 20 anos por um grupo ativista, o Aos Brados!!. Desde Campinas, metrópole situada no interior do estado de São Paulo, o grupo atua na intersecção entre movimentos LGBT, negros, populares e de periferia. Esse olhar para as relações situa a trajetória do grupo e a dos atores com os quais se relaciona frente a mudanças que se dão, em âmbito nacional, na estrutura de oportunidades ¿ permeabilidade do Estado a demandas oriundas de movimentos sociais e desenvolvimento de ferramentas de participação socioestatal, reconhecimento estatal, democratização da internet e do acesso ao ensino superior ¿ e nos enquadramentos produzidos no interior dos campos discursivos de ação que articulam diversos movimentos sociais. Além disso, analisa, por meio da trajetória do grupo Aos Brados!! e de sua principal liderança, o modo como tais atores produzem, no cotidiano da política em âmbito municipal, apostas políticas que acionam determinados repertórios de atuação. A etnografia mostra os vínculos entre estruturas de oportunidades, repertórios e enquadramentos, mas salienta a importância das redes de relações em fazer circular convenções e repertórios que resultam nas apostas políticas efetivamente empreendidas pelo grupo. A metodologia articula observação participante, análise documental e entrevistas em profundidade. A fim de evitar delimitações arbitrárias da rede de relações, o procedimento adotado foi seguir as relações da mais antiga e conhecida liderança do grupo, o que possibilitou atravessar fronteiras entre porções de uma teia constituída por relações entre atores políticos tão variados quanto gestores de políticas públicas, vereadores, sindicatos, partidos políticos, casas de cultura, clubes sociais, coletivos jovens, terreiros de umbanda e candomblé e ONGs, e que atuam em temáticas diversas, mobilizando repertórios distintos Abstract: This research contributes to the scholarship on collective actions in contemporary Brazil by analyzing the articulations between structural opportunities, political framing processes, relationship networks and activist¿s repertoires of action. The ethnography focuses on the relationships established on the course of 20 years by Aos Brados!!. Based in Campinas, a metropolis situated in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Aos Brados!! acts in the intersection between LGBT, black, popular and favela movements. In order to focus on the relationships, the research situates the trajectory of the group and of those related to it in the face of changes in the structure of opportunities in national level ¿ such as: state permeability to social movements demands and the development of tools for socio-state participation, stage recognition, democratization of internet and of higher education access. Moreover, through the trajectories of Aos Brados!! of and its main leader, it analyses the way these actors produce, in everyday life, in local level, political commitments that mobilize certain repertoires of action. The ethnography shows the connections between structural opportunities, repertoires and frames; however, it remarks the way that the network of relationships circulates conventions and repertoires of actions that result in the political commitments effectively undertaken by the group. The methodology articulates participant-observation, document analysis and in-depth in interviews. In order to avoid arbitrary delimitations of the network of relations, the adopted procedure was to follow the relations of the oldest and well-known leadership of the group, which made it possible to cross borders between portions of a web constituted by relations between political actors as varied as managers of public policies, councilors, trade unions, political parties, cultural centers, social clubs, youth groups, Afro-Brazilian religious organizations and NGOs, and that work in diverse themes, mobilizing different repertoires Doutorado Ciências Sociais Doutor em Ciências Sociais CNPQ 140852/2015-8 FAPESP 2015/11134-3