50 results on '"Raza, Umar"'
Search Results
2. Development of Mn/Cu Bi-metallic MOF for electrochemical CO2 reduction into valuable products
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Raza, Umar, Iqbal, Naseem, Noor, Tayyaba, and Ahmad, Awais
- Published
- 2024
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3. Targeting HIF1-alpha/miR-326/ITGA5 axis potentiates chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer
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Assidicky, Ridho, Tokat, Unal Metin, Tarman, Ibrahim Oguzhan, Saatci, Ozge, Ersan, Pelin Gulizar, Raza, Umar, Ogul, Hasan, Riazalhosseini, Yasser, Can, Tolga, and Sahin, Ozgur
- Published
- 2022
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4. Some advanced chirped pulses for generalized mixed nonlinear Schrödinger dynamical equation
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Rizvi, Syed T.R., Seadawy, Aly R., and Raza, Umar
- Published
- 2022
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5. VABLOCK: A blockchain-based secure communication in V2V network using icn network support technology
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Ali, Abid, Iqbal, Muhammad Munwar, Jabbar, Sohail, Asghar, Muhammad Nabeel, Raza, Umar, and Al-Turjman, Fadi
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- 2022
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6. Detailed analysis for chirped pulses to cubic-quintic nonlinear non-paraxial pulse propagation model
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Rizvi, Syed T.R., Seadawy, Aly R., and Raza, Umar
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- 2022
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7. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin as a novel biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy prediction in human diseases
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Jin, Yanxia, Wang, Weidong, Wang, Qiyun, Zhang, Yueyang, Zahid, Kashif Rafiq, Raza, Umar, and Gong, Yongsheng
- Published
- 2022
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8. Micro-structured porous electrolytes for highly responsive ionic soft actuators
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Raza, Umar, Oh, Saewoong, Tabassian, Rassoul, Mahato, Manmatha, Nguyen, Van Hiep, and Oh, Il-Kwon
- Published
- 2022
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9. Chirped optical pulses for generalized longitudinal Lugiato Lefever: cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation
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Aziz, Noor, Seadawy, Aly R., Raza, Umar, Ali, Kashif, and Rizvi, Syed T. R.
- Published
- 2022
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10. Path loss modelling at 60 GHz mmWave based on cognitive 3D ray tracing algorithm in 5G
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Kamboh, Usman Rauf, Ullah, Ubaid, Khalid, Shehzad, Raza, Umar, Chakraborty, Chinmay, and Al-Turjman, Fadi
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- 2021
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11. ESTIMATES FOR THE NORM OF THE SPHERICAL MAXIMAL OPERATOR ON FINITE GRAPHS.
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HUSSAIN, ZARYAB, JIAN ZHONG XU, TCHIER, FAIROUZ, TALIB, SADIA, RAZA, UMAR, and ARSHAD, MUHAMMAD
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NORMAL operators ,MATHEMATICAL inequalities ,POLYNOMIALS ,LINEAR algebra ,MATHEMATICAL formulas - Abstract
For a simple, finite, and connected graph G, the spherical maximal operator is defined as ... where ... is the sphere with center at t and having radius r. In this paper, we consider the spherical maximal operator ... on ... spaces and calculate the ... for ... and estimate the ... for ..., when G is K
m . Furthermore, We establish the maximum and minimum bounds for the spherical maximum operator on finite graphs and indicate the graphs that achieve these bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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12. A service orientated architecture and wireless sensor network approach applied to the measurement and visualisation of a micro injection moulding process : design, development and testing of an ESB based micro injection moulding platform using Google Gadgets and business processes for the integration of disparate hardware systems on the factory shop floor
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Raza, Umar
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621.382 ,Micro injection moulding ,Wireless sensor networks (WSN) ,Service orientated architecture (SOA) ,Business processes ,Business process execution language (BPEL) ,Process monitoring ,Web services ,Enterprise service bus (ESB) ,Google Gadgets - Abstract
Factory shop floors of the future will see a significant increase in interconnected devices for monitoring and control. However, if a Service Orientated Architecture (SOA) is implemented on all such devices then this will result in a large number of permutations of services and composite services. These services combined with other business level components can pose a huge challenge to manage as it is often difficult to keep an overview of all the devices, equipment and services. This thesis proposes an SOA based novel assimilation architecture for integrating disparate industrial hardware based processes and business processes of an enterprise in particular the plastics machinery environment. The key benefits of the proposed architecture are the reduction of complexity when integrating disparate hardware platforms; managing the associated services as well as allowing the Micro Injection Moulding (µIM) process to be monitored on the web through service and data integration. An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) based middleware layer integrates the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based environmental and simulated machine process systems with frontend Google Gadgets (GGs) based web visualisation applications. A business process framework is proposed to manage and orchestrate the resulting services from the architecture. Results from the analysis of the WSN kits in terms of their usability and reliability showed that the Jennic WSN was easy to setup and had a reliable communication link in the polymer industrial environment with the PER being below 0.5%. The prototype Jennic WSN based µIM process monitoring system had limitations when monitoring high-resolution machine data, therefore a novel hybrid integration architecture was proposed. The assimilation architecture was implemented on a distributed server based test bed. Results from test scenarios showed that the architecture was highly scalable and could potentially allow a large number of disparate sensor based hardware systems and services to be hosted, managed, visualised and linked to form a cohesive business process.
- Published
- 2014
13. Enhancing ChatGPT's Querying Capability with Voice-Based Interaction and CNN-Based Impair Vision Detection Model.
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Ahmad, Awais, Jabbar, Sohail, Akram, Sheeraz, Paul, Anand, Raza, Umar, and Alshuqayran, Nuha Mohammed
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CHATGPT ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,SYSTEMS design ,VISION disorders - Abstract
This paper presents an innovative approach to enhance the querying capability of ChatGPT, a conversational artificial intelligence model, by incorporating voice-based interaction and a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based impaired vision detection model. The proposed system aims to improve user experience and accessibility by allowing users to interact with ChatGPT using voice commands. Additionally, a CNN-based model is employed to detect impairments in user vision, enabling the system to adapt its responses and provide appropriate assistance. This research tackles head-on the challenges of user experience and inclusivity in artificial intelligence (AI). It underscores our commitment to overcoming these obstacles, making ChatGPT more accessible and valuable for a broader audience. The integration of voice-based interaction and impaired vision detection represents a novel approach to conversational AI. Notably, this innovation transcends novelty; it carries the potential to profoundly impact the lives of users, particularly those with visual impairments. The modular approach to system design ensures adaptability and scalability, critical for the practical implementation of these advancements. Crucially, the solution places the user at its core. Customizing responses for those with visual impairments demonstrates AI's potential to not only understand but also accommodate individual needs and preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Polyisobutylene Encapsulated PEDOT: Pss Electrode Honeycomb Skeleton Electrolyte for Moisture Resistant Electro‐Ionic Soft Artificial Muscles.
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Raza, Umar, Niemiec, Martin, and Kim, Kyungjin
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ARTIFICIAL muscles , *HONEYCOMB structures , *ELECTROLYTES , *MOISTURE , *TISSUES - Abstract
Advances in electro‐ionic soft actuators hold significant potential as next‐generation bioelectronic interfaces due to mechanical compliance and operation in agreement with soft biological tissues and low voltages. However, current devices call for encapsulation strategies to accommodate high mechanical demands and long‐term stability in environmental changes. In this study, a durability of polyvinylidene‐fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐co‐HFP) honeycomb skeleton electrolyte encapsulated with a biocompatible polyisobutylene (PIB) thin film is being investigated. A low water vapor transmission rate (0.61 g m−2 day−1) and elastic modulus (10 kPa) are measured from a 7.5 µm‐thick thin‐modified PIB‐encapsulation layer. The PIB‐encapsulated soft actuator maintains 68% of its mechanical durability after 40 000 cycles of zero‐to‐tension fatigue loading at room temperature. A cantilever actuation test of the PIB‐encapsulated 3mm‐wide 30mm‐long actuator film shows a large tip displacement (15.90 mm) at a low voltage (±1.5 V) under 0.1 Hz, 37 °C, 50% relative humidity (RH). Most importantly, while the unencapsulated actuator immediately degrades in a few cycles at 37 °C, 50%RH, and 0.1% applied strain, PIB‐encapsulated soft actuator performs up to 6500 dynamic actuation cycles without any functionality degradation. Exceptional durability against mechanical fatigue and stability at elevated temperature and humidity meet the prerequisite for future soft biomedical robots that enable long‐lasting safe operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Novel tumor suppressor SPRYD4 inhibits tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing apoptotic cell death
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Zahid, Kashif Rafiq, Han, Shiming, Zhou, Fuling, and Raza, Umar
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- 2019
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16. Targeting lysyl oxidase (LOX) overcomes chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer
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Saatci, Ozge, Kaymak, Aysegul, Raza, Umar, Ersan, Pelin G., Akbulut, Ozge, Banister, Carolyn E., Sikirzhytski, Vitali, Tokat, Unal Metin, Aykut, Gamze, Ansari, Suhail A., Dogan, Hayriye Tatli, Dogan, Mehmet, Jandaghi, Pouria, Isik, Aynur, Gundogdu, Fatma, Kosemehmetoglu, Kemal, Dizdar, Omer, Aksoy, Sercan, Akyol, Aytekin, Uner, Aysegul, Buckhaults, Phillip J., Riazalhosseini, Yasser, and Sahin, Ozgur
- Published
- 2020
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17. Enhancing computational scalability in Blockchain by leveraging improvement in consensus algorithm.
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Jabbar, Sohail, Ul Abideen, Zain, Khalid, Shehzad, Ahmad, Awais, Raza, Umar, and Akram, Sheeraz
- Published
- 2023
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18. Targeting PLK1 overcomes T-DM1 resistance via CDK1-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of Bcl-2/xL in HER2-positive breast cancer
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Saatci, Özge, Borgoni, Simone, Akbulut, Özge, Durmuş, Selvi, Raza, Umar, Eyüpoğlu, Erol, Alkan, Can, Akyol, Aytekin, Kütük, Özgür, Wiemann, Stefan, and Şahin, Özgür
- Published
- 2018
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19. Systems biology based meth-miRNA–mRNA regulatory network identifies metabolic imbalance and hyperactive cell cycle signaling involved in hepatocellular carcinoma onset and progression
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Zahid, Kashif Rafiq, Su, Mingyang, Khan, Abdur Rehman Raza, Han, Shiming, Deming, Gou, and Raza, Umar
- Published
- 2019
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20. Multi-Peak and Propagation Behavior of M -Shape Solitons in (2 + 1)-Dimensional Integrable Schwarz-Korteweg-de Vries Problem.
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Ahmed, Sarfaraz, Seadawy, Aly R., Rizvi, Syed T. R., and Raza, Umar
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WAVES (Fluid mechanics) ,SOLITONS ,NONLINEAR waves ,MATERIALS science ,WATER waves ,ROGUE waves ,SHALLOW-water equations ,MODULATIONAL instability - Abstract
This paper examines the propagation of M-shape solitons and their interactions with kink waves to the (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable Schwarz-Korteweg-de Vries (ISKdV) problem by applying the symbolic computation with ansatz functions technique and logarithmic transformation. The governing model usually appears in the nonlinear shallow water waves and fluid mechanics. We discuss various nonlinear waves like multiwave solutions (MSs), homoclinic breather (HB), M-shape solitons, single exponential form (one-kink), and double exponential form (two-kink). These waves have lot of applications in fluid dynamics, nonlinear optics, chemical reaction networks, biological systems, climate science, and material science. We also study interaction among M-shape solitons with kink wave. At the end, we discuss the stability characteristics of all solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. Hypoxia-driven ncRNAs in breast cancer.
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Al-Zuaini, Hashim H., Zahid, Kashif Rafiq, Xiangyan Xiao, Raza, Umar, Qiyuan Huang, and Tao Zeng
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BREAST cancer ,METASTATIC breast cancer ,LINCRNA ,MICRORNA ,CIRCULAR RNA ,NON-coding RNA ,BCL genes - Abstract
Low oxygen tension, or hypoxia is the driving force behind tumor aggressiveness, leading to therapy resistance, metastasis, and stemness in solid cancers including breast cancer, which now stands as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. With the great advancements in exploring the regulatory roles of the non-coding genome in recent years, the wide spectrum of hypoxia-responsive genome is not limited to just protein-coding genes but also includes multiple types of non-coding RNAs, such as micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. Over the years, these hypoxia-responsive non-coding molecules have been greatly implicated in breast cancer. Hypoxia drives the expression of these non-coding RNAs as upstream modulators and downstream effectors of hypoxia inducible factor signaling in the favor of breast cancer through a myriad of molecular mechanisms. These non-coding RNAs then contribute in orchestrating aggressive hypoxic tumor environment and regulate cancer associated cellular processes such as proliferation, evasion of apoptotic death, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial-tomesenchymal transition, metastasis, therapy resistance, stemness, and evasion of the immune system in breast cancer. In addition, the interplay between hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs as well as feedback and feedforward loops between these ncRNAs and HIFs further contribute to breast cancer progression. Although the current clinical implications of hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs are limited to prognostics and diagnostics in breast cancer, extensive explorations have established some of these hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs as promising targets to treat aggressive breast cancers, and future scientific endeavors hold great promise in targeting hypoxia-driven ncRNAs at clinics to treat breast cancer and limit global cancer burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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22. miR-200c: a versatile watchdog in cancer progression, EMT, and drug resistance
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Mutlu, Merve, Raza, Umar, Saatci, Özge, Eyüpoğlu, Erol, Yurdusev, Emre, and Şahin, Özgür
- Published
- 2016
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23. Leveraging Ethereum Platform for Development of Efficient Tractability System in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain.
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Aslam, Muntaha, Jabbar, Sohail, Abbas, Qaisar, Albathan, Mubarak, Hussain, Ayyaz, and Raza, Umar
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SUPPLY chains ,CONSUMER confidence ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,CONSUMER education ,CONSUMER expertise ,FOOD chains ,YOUNG consumers ,BLOCKCHAINS - Abstract
Consumer knowledge of the goods produced or processed by the numerous suppliers and processors is still relatively low due to the growing complexity of the structure of pharmaceutical supply chains. Information asymmetry in the pharmaceutical sector has an effect on welfare, sustainability, and health. (1) Background: In this respect, we wanted to develop a productive structure for a pharmaceutical supply chain that satisfies the consumer information needs and fosters consumer confidence in the pharmacy goods they buy. By using blockchain technology, the main goals were to develop and implement a pharmaceutical supply chain. (2) Objectives: The main objectives of this work were to leverage an Ethereum platform for the development of a tractability system in a pharmaceutical supply chain environment and to analyze the efficiency of MSMAChain with respect to the cost and execution of transactions based on our designed smart contracts. (3) Results: This research looked into a variety of issues related to the value, viability, and effects of blockchain technology for use in supply chain applications. The methods and creations in this environment were monitored and researched. It is vital to identify a number of crucial subjects including future research areas, in order to achieve the widespread acceptance of the supply chain traceability provided by blockchain technology. (4) Conclusions: MSMAChain, an Ethereum blockchain-based approach, leverages smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage for efficient product traceability in terms of the cost and execution of transaction for a health care supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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24. KIN17 promotes cell migration and invasion through stimulating the TGF‐β/Smad2 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Dai, Zichang, Huang, Qiyuan, Huang, Xueran, Zhu, Chuiyu, Zahid, Kashif Rafiq, Liu, Tiancai, Li, Qiuyan, Wu, Chunmei, Peng, Minghui, Xiao, Xiangyan, Raza, Umar, Yu, Nan, and Zeng, Tao
- Published
- 2023
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25. Fixed points in n-gonal graphical b-metric spaces under contractive conditions.
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Raza, Umar, Anwar, Muhammad Shoaib, Ali, Hayat, Puneeth, V, Irfan, Muhammad, and Hussain, Zakir
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MACHINE learning , *FUNCTIONAL analysis - Abstract
In this paper, we will define a new metric space called n-gonal graphical b-metric space. We will also prove some fixed point theorems in said metric space and give suitable examples to illustrate our results. These results will help to solve many nonlinear convex models in machine learning and optimization by formulating them in fixed point schemes of optimization. Our paper opens the door for researchers to work in the intersecting area of machine learning and functional analysis in the frame work of n -gonal graphical b -metric space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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26. MicroRNAs: master regulators of drug resistance, stemness, and metastasis
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Raza, Umar, Zhang, Jitao David, and Şahin, Özgür
- Published
- 2014
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27. Dynamic Naming Scheme and Lookup Method Based on Trie for Vehicular Named Data Network.
- Author
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Ashraf, M. Wasim Abbas, Huang, Chuanhe, Khalid, Shehzad, Rana, Amir Saeed, Ahmad, Mudassar, and Raza, Umar
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NETWORK performance ,DATA structures - Abstract
Content naming and lookup are decisive functions of the future architecture named data network (NDN). The core concept of NDN is the content distribution between consumers and content providers. The NDN supports advance vehicular networks that is famous with vehicular-named data network (VNDN) with different naming schemes such as hybrid, flat, attribute-based, and hierarchical names. These schemes are used in a static way for vehicular network, in summary, the hybrid, flat, and attribute-based makes a complex structure, and on the other hand, hierarchical names long in length and name lookup performance are a bottleneck in NDN, which can directly affect the network performance. Therefore, we introduce a dynamic naming scheme and lookup method (DNSL) for VNDN to mitigate these issues. We argue that the dynamic naming scheme is a better approach to VNDN, while the static name is a cost-effective, hefty, integrated fashion, and improper for the vehicular network. This study focuses on (1) a dynamic naming scheme using dynamic-tag and (2) a lookup method based on node partition of trie; the trie approach is very famed in data structure and extensively used for the lookup content, insertion, and deletion processes. Our experimental evaluation shows that the DNSL scheme is highly efficient, scalable, and provably correct for VNDN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
28. Blockchain-enabled supply chain: analysis, challenges, and future directions.
- Author
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Jabbar, Sohail, Lloyd, Huw, Hammoudeh, Mohammad, Adebisi, Bamidele, and Raza, Umar
- Subjects
SUPPLY chains ,BLOCKCHAINS ,DIGITAL technology - Abstract
Managing the integrity of products and processes in a multi-stakeholder supply chain environment is a significant challenge. Many current solutions suffer from data fragmentation, lack of reliable provenance, and diverse protocol regulations across multiple distributions and processes. Amongst other solutions, Blockchain has emerged as a leading technology, since it provides secure traceability and control, immutability, and trust creation among stakeholders in a low cost IT solution. Although Blockchain is making a significant impact in many areas, there are many impediments to its widespread adoption in supply chains. This article is the first survey of its kind, with detailed analysis of the challenges and future directions in Blockchain-enabled supply chains. We review the existing digitalization of the supply chain including the role of GS1 standards and technologies. Current use cases and startups in the field of Blockchain-enabled supply chains are reviewed and presented in tabulated form. Technical and non-technical challenges in the adoption of Blockchain for supply chain applications are critically analyzed, along with the suitability of various consensus algorithms for applications in the supply chain. The tools and technologies in the Blockchain ecosystem are depicted and analyzed. Some key areas as future research directions are also identified which must be addressed to realize mass adoption of Blockchain-based in supply chain traceability. Finally, we propose MOHBSChain, a novel framework for Blockchain-enabled supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. KIN17 promotes tumor metastasis by activating EMT signaling in luminal‐A breast cancer.
- Author
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Huang, Qiyuan, Zahid, Kashif Rafiq, Chen, Jinsi, Pang, Xiangxiong, Zhong, Meifeng, Huang, Hongling, Pan, Weifeng, Yin, Jingxin, Raza, Umar, Zeng, Jiamin, Zhu, Xinhong, and Zeng, Tao
- Subjects
BREAST cancer prognosis ,IN vitro studies ,IN vivo studies ,ONCOGENES ,ANIMAL experimentation ,CANCER invasiveness ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,RNA-binding proteins ,METASTASIS ,EPITHELIAL-mesenchymal transition ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,GENE expression ,CELL motility ,CANCER patients ,GENE expression profiling ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,DNA-binding proteins ,TUMOR markers ,CELL lines ,BREAST tumors ,MICE - Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC), the most common cause of cancer death in women, overtook lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer worldwide in 2020. Although many studies have proposed KIN17 as a biomarker of tumorigenesis in different cancer types, its role in tumor metastasis, particularly in BC metastasis, has been underexplored. This study aimed to explore the role of KIN17 in BC metastasis. Methods: Survival analyses was performed to identify the association between KIN17 expression and BC patient survival in silico. Using lentivirus constructs, we developed bidirectional KIN17 expression (KD, knockdown; OE, overexpression) cellular models of luminal‐A (Lum‐A) breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. We performed in vitro wound healing, transwell with and without Matrigel assays, and in vivo tail‐vein metastasis assay to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of MCF‐7 with stable KIN17 knockdown or overexpression. Western blotting was performed to compare the changes in protein expression. Results: We found that KIN17 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and post‐progression survival (PPS), particularly in Lum‐A breast cancer patients. Later, we found that KIN17 knockdown inhibited migration and invasion of MCF‐7 cells via regulating EMT‐associated signaling pathways in vitro and decreases metastatic spread of the disease in vivo. In contrast, KIN17 overexpression promoted migration and invasion of MCF‐7 cells in vitro and increased the metastatic spread of the disease in vivo. Conclusions: Overall, our findings provide preliminary data which suggests KIN17 of importance to target in metastatic Lum‐A patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Development of Mn/Cu Bi-metallic MOF for electrochemical CO2 reduction into valuable products.
- Author
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Raza, Umar, Iqbal, Naseem, Noor, Tayyaba, and Ahmad, Awais
- Abstract
In order to promote the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable products and chemical feedstock, the refinement of inexpensive, functioning, highly discerning catalysts is of utmost importance to alleviate inordinate carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. This study presents an innovative electrocatalyst composed of MnO and CuO nanoparticles anchored onto Mn: Cu(1:2)@MOF. These nanocomposites offer multiple active sites for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction, resulting in a striking current density of almost − 58 mAcm−2 at − 2 V vs. Ag/AgCl (reference electrode) in 0.1 M aqueous KHCO3 electrolyte with faradic efficiency of nearly 52% for CO and 54% for methane at − 1.5 V and − 1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. This performance is in stark contrast to the Mn: Cu(1:1)@MOF and Mn: Cu(2:1)@MOF, which exhibit current densities of − 56 mAcm−2 and − 51 mAcm−2 respectively under similar cathodic voltages. The excellent catalytic accomplishment can be credited to the interaction between nanoparticles and MOFs, which allows enhanced absorption and activation for CO2 molecules due to approachable metallic components and matchless 2-D formation of Mn: Cu(1:2)@MOF. These finding presents a straightforward approach to promote CO2 to valuable products through the analytical formulation of MOF alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
31. Identifying and targeting coding/non-coding molecular switches regulating drug resistance and metastasis in breast cancer
- Author
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Raza, Umar, Şahin, Özgür, and Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Bilim ve Teknoloji ,EMT ,Science and Technology ,CTBP1 ,P53 signaling ,Integrin signaling ,MicroRNAs ,Breast cancer ,Genetics ,Genetik ,Chemotherapy resistance ,Hypoxia ,lysyl oxidase ,ITGA5 - Abstract
Meme kanseri dünyada en yaygın görülen ikinci kanser olup; kadınlarda kansere bağlı ölümlerin önde gelen nedenidir. Çok sayıda ve farklı çeşitte tedavi ajanlarının varlığına rağmen; kanser hücreleri tedaviye direnç geliştirebilir ve var olan tümör büyümeye devam edebilir ya da uzak organlara metastaz yapabilir. Bu noktada, tedavi yanıtını arttırabilmek ve metastazı engelleyebilmek için altta yatan moleküler mekanizmaları belirlemek önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. Genomun kodlanan bölümünün yanısıra, kodlamayan RNA'lar da kanserde çoğalma, apoptoz, invazyon ve ilaç direncinin kontrolünde aktif rol oynamaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, bu tez çalışmasında meme kanserinde ilaç direncini ve metastazını düzenleyen yeni kodlanan/kodlanmayan moleküler anahtarların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu tezin ilk bölümünde, hem hücre sağkalımını hem de epiteliyal mezenkimal geçişi (EMG) inhibe eden, meme kanserinde birçok ilaca duyarlılığı artıran ve bir tümör baskılayıcı gibi hareket eden miR-644a'yı tanımladım. Hem miR-644a ifadesi hem de gen imzası, tümör gelişmesi ve uzak metastassız sağkalım ile ilişkilidir. Mekanistik olarak, miR-644a doğrudan transkripsiyonel co-repressor (baskılayıcı) olan C-terminale bağlanan proteini (CTBP1) hedef alır ve bu genin CRISPR-Cas9 sistemi ile baskılanması miR-644a'nın ifadesinin indüklenmesi ile sağlanan fenotipleri taklit ederek tümör büyümesini, metastazı ve ilaç direncini inhibe eder. Ayrıca, miR-644a/CTBP1 aracılığıyla ifadesi artırılan yabanıl tip (wild type) veya mutant-p53 sırasıyla p21 veya Noxa'yı indükleyerek, hücre döngüsünün G1 evresinde tutulması ve apoptoz arasında bir 'moleküler anahtar' olarak işlev görür. İlginç olarak, miR-644a'nın aşırı ifadesi veya CTBP1'in ifadesindeki azalma aracılığı ile oluşan mutant-p53'teki artışın, Noxa'nın ifadesinin artışı ile hücre döngüsü-apoptoz dengesinin apoptoz lehine kayması için yeterli olduğu görülmüştür. Yalnızca p53 mutant ve yüksek CTBP1 ifadesine sahip hastarın daha kısa sağkalıma sahip oldukları tespit edilmiş olup; bu sonuç p53 mutasyonu taşıyan meme kanseri hastaları için CTBP1'in potansiyel prognostik bir biyobelirteç olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Özetle, miR-644a/CTBP1/p53 ekseninin modülasyonun hedeflenmesi, hem tedaviye direnci hem de metastazı yenmek için yeni bir strateji oluşturabilir.Bu tezin ikinci bölümünde, in vivo olarak geliştirilen kemoterapi dirençli triple negatif meme kanseri (TNMK) tümörlerde, yeni nesil dizileme ile tüm genom boyutunda gen ifade profili değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, kemoterapi direncinde hipoksinin ve integrinlerin potansiyel bir rolü olduğunu göstermiştir. Seçilen aday genin hipoksi ile indüklendiği ve kemoterapiye dirençli tümörlerde aşırı ifade edildiği; aynı zamanda ITGA5'i aktive ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan aday genimizi hedefleyen bir miRNA'nın hipoksi aracılığıyla downregülasyonu sağlanarak ITGA5'in daha çok aktifleşmesine yol açtığı gözlenmiştir. Bu olay, dirence aracılık eden FAK/Src yolağının aktivasyonuyla sonuçlanır. Tez çalışmasının bir diğer önemli bulgusu ise aday genin yüksek anlatımının veya miRNA'nın düşük anlatımının, sadece kemoterapi tedavisi uygulanmış TNMK hastalarında kısa nükssüz sağkalımla ilişkili olduğudur. Son olarak, aday genin agresif TNMK in vivo modellerinde inhibisyonunun kemoterapinin etkinliğini artırması; TNMK hastalarında kemoterapi direncinin üstesinden gelmek amacıyla aday genimize karşı inhibitörlerin test edilmesine ilişkin pre-klinik kanıt sağlamıştır. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer associated deaths in women worldwide. Despite the availability of large number and various types of therapy agents which are effective in limiting tumor burden at initial stages, cancer cells still manage to resist to therapy treatment and exhibit re-growth of existing tumor or metastasize to distant organs. Therefore, there is a dire need to identify underlying molecular mechanisms to enhance therapy response and to block metastasis. In addition to coding genome, non-coding RNAs have also play active role in controlling proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and drug resistance in cancer. Therefore, I aimed to identify novel coding/non-coding molecular switches regulating drug resistance and metastasis in breast cancer.In the first part of this dissertation, I identified miR-644a as a novel tumor suppressor inhibiting both cell survival and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) whereby acting as pleiotropic therapy-sensitizer in breast cancer. Both miR-644a expression and its gene signature are associated with tumor progression and distant metastasis-free survival. Mechanistically, miR-644a directly targets the transcriptional co-repressor C-terminal binding protein 1 (CTBP1) whose knock-outs by the CRISPR-Cas9 system inhibit tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance, mimicking the phenotypes induced by miR-644a. Furthermore, miR-644a/CTBP1-mediated upregulation of wild type- or mutant-p53 acts as a 'molecular switch' between G1-arrest and apoptosis by inducing p21 or Noxa, respectively. Interestingly, an increase in mutant-p53 by either overexpression of miR-644a or downregulation of CTBP1 was enough to shift the balance between cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in favor of apoptosis through the upregulation of Noxa. Notably, p53-mutant patients, but not p53-wild type ones, with high CTBP1 level have a shorter survival suggesting that CTBP1 could be a potential prognostic factor for breast cancer patients with p53 mutations. Overall, modulation of the miR-644a/CTBP1/p53 axis may represent a new strategy for overcoming both therapy resistance and metastasis.In the second part of this dissertation, I performed whole transcriptome sequencing with downstream pathway analysis in the chemoresistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors we developed in vivo. This suggested a potential role of integrins and hypoxia in chemoresistance. Mechanistically, we showed that our candidate gene is hypoxia-induced and is overexpressed in resistant tumors, and activates integrin subunit alpha 5 (ITGA5). In the meantime, hypoxia-mediated downregulation of a miRNA targeting our candidate gene, leads to further activation of the ITGA5. This culminates in the activation of FAK/Src signaling thereby mediating resistance. Importantly, higher expression of our candidate gene, or lower expression of miRNA was associated with poorer relapse-free survival only in chemotherapy-treated TNBC patients. Finally, inhibition of candidate gene increased the efficacy of chemotherapy in highly aggressive TNBC models in vivo providing pre-clinical evidence for testing inhibitors against our candidate gene to overcome chemoresistance in TNBC patients. 183
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- 2017
32. Pathobiology of pulmonary artery hypertension: role of long non-coding RNAs.
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Zahid, Kashif Rafiq, Raza, Umar, Chen, Jidong, Raj, Usha J, and Gou, Deming
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NON-coding RNA , *PULMONARY artery , *PULMONARY hypertension , *VASCULAR remodeling , *VASCULAR resistance - Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease with complex pathobiology, significant morbidity and mortality, and remains without a cure. It is characterized by vascular remodelling associated with uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, endothelial cell proliferation and dysfunction, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, leading to narrowing of the vascular lumen, increased vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, which inevitably results in right heart failure and death. There are multiple molecules and signalling pathways that are involved in the vascular remodelling, including non-coding RNAs, i.e. microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is only in recent years that the role of lncRNAs in the pathobiology of pulmonary vascular remodelling and right ventricular dysfunction is being vigorously investigated. In this review, we have summarized the current state of knowledge about the role of lncRNAs as key drivers and gatekeepers in regulating major cellular and molecular trafficking involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. In addition, we have discussed the limitations and challenges in translating lncRNA research in vivo and in therapeutic applications of lncRNAs in PAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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33. Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities for Harmonic s,m-Convex Functions.
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Xu, Jian Zhong, Raza, Umar, Javed, Muhammad Waqas, and Hussain, Zaryab
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HARMONIC functions , *FRACTIONAL integrals , *INTEGRAL inequalities , *MATHEMATICAL equivalence - Abstract
The objective of this article is to establish some Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities via harmonic s , m -convex functions in the framework of conformal fractional integral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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34. Trump and Muslims During US Presidential Elections 2016: A Sentiment Analysis of Muslim Community on Twitter.
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Raza, Umar, Khan, Mohsin Hassan, and Bukhari, Shema
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MUSLIMS ,PRESIDENTIAL elections ,POLITICAL campaigns - Abstract
The events after 9/11 have changed the conditions, especially for Muslims living in the US. They have been victimized and stereotyped as negative individuals to the extent of being liars and bigots. These semantic and religious sentiments and prejudice have been pervasive at all levels, ranging from public to private, political, and media platforms. These strong sentiments have penetrated the political campaigns in the US, thus creating Islamophobia. Traditionally, the presidential election Campaigns focus on the diversity and address every group and member of the society. The same practice was anticipated in 2016 Electoral Campaigns, but Donald Trump chose a different path. He focused more on anti-minority rhetoric with a particular focus on Muslims. Since the Muslim expats are the second-largest expat community after Jews, in the US, Trump's speeches were considered a direct insult. As a result, the Muslim community reacted vehemently towards such antics. The current study focuses on Muslim sentiments towards Trump's hate speeches. The medium explored is Twitter, where Muslims vent out their sentiments. In addition to the private accounts, the twitter accounts of Muslim representative organizations have been used. The research on the tweets has done through quantitative content analysis. The results reflect the substantial use of words against Trump's speech and his intended policies. The dominant emotions reflected in the tweets were anger, fear, and sadness. Some measures are also suggested after the research for conflict resolution of the effects of such speeches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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35. mTOR/HDAC1 Crosstalk Mediated Suppression of ADH1A and ALDH2 Links Alcohol Metabolism to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Onset and Progression in silico.
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Zahid, Kashif Rafiq, Yao, Shun, Khan, Abdur Rehman Raza, Raza, Umar, and Gou, Deming
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HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma ,ALDEHYDE dehydrogenase ,ALCOHOL dehydrogenase ,HISTONE deacetylase ,METABOLISM - Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ranked the third deadliest cancer worldwide whose molecular pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although deregulated metabolic pathways have been implicated in HCC onset and progression, the mechanisms triggering this metabolic imbalance are yet to be explored. Here, we identified a gene signature coding catabolic enzymes (Cat-GS) involved in key metabolic pathways like amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate, drug, and retinol metabolism as suppressed in HCC. A higher expression of deregulated Cat-GS is associated with good survival and less aggressive disease state in HCC patients. On the other hand, we identified mTOR signaling as a key determinant in HCC onset and progression, whose hyperactivation is found associated with poor survival and aggressive disease state in HCC patients. Next, out of Cat-GS, we established two key regulators of alcohol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (ADH1A) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), as being transcriptionally suppressed by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) at the downstream of mTORC1 signaling. Suppressed ADH1A and ALDH2 expression aligns well with HCC-specific molecular profile and can efficiently predict disease onset and progression, whereas higher ADH1A and ALDH2 expression is associated with good survival and less aggressive disease state in HCC patients. Overall, our in silico findings suggest that transcriptional suppression of alcohol metabolism regulators, ADH1A and ALDH2, at the downstream of mTOR signaling is, in part, responsible for triggering oncogenic transformation of hepatocytes resulting in disease onset and progression in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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36. An IoT and business processes based approach for the monitoring and control of high value-added manufacturing processes.
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Raza, Umar, Lomax, James, Ghafir, Ibrahim, Kharel, Rupak, and Whiteside, Ben
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- 2017
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37. Disparity in regional recruitment across global cancer trials: A meta-analysis.
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Asghar, Noureen, Naqvi, Syed Arsalan Ahmed, Bibi, Arifa, Ayaz, Ahsan, Khakwani, Kaneez Zahra Rubab, Prasad, Aishwarya, Raza, Umar, Thirumalareddy, Joseph, Mirza, Mohsin, Florez, Narjust, Kamran, Sophia C., and Riaz, Irbaz Bin
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- 2023
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38. Source of funding and enrollment disparities in the inclusion of minorities in colorectal clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Ayaz, Ahsan, Naqvi, Syed Arsalan Ahmed, Islam, Mahnoor, Ikram, Waleed, Raza, Umar, Riaz, Anum, Khakwani, Kaneez Zahra Rubab, Ijaz, Hafsah, Sonbol, Bassam Bassam, Jin, Zhaohui, and Riaz, Irbaz Bin
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- 2023
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39. Malicious SSL Certificate Detection.
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Ghafir, Ibrahim, Prenosil, Vaclav, Hammoudeh, Mohammad, Han, Liangxiu, and Raza, Umar
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- 2017
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40. miR-564 acts as a dual inhibitor of PI3K and MAPK signaling networks and inhibits proliferation and invasion in breast cancer.
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Mutlu, Merve, Saatci, Özge, Ansari, Suhail A., Yurdusev, Emre, Shehwana, Huma, Konu, Özlen, Raza, Umar, and Şahin, Özgür
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- 2016
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41. Targeting lysyl oxidase (LOX) overcomes chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer
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Pelin Gülizar Ersan, Fatma Gundogdu, Aysegul Uner, Vitali Sikirzhytski, Unal Metin Tokat, Aysegul Kaymak, Phillip Buckhaults, Hayriye Tatlı Doğan, Gamze Aykut, Carolyn E. Banister, Kemal Kosemehmetoglu, Omer Dizdar, Suhail A. Ansari, Umar Raza, Mehmet Dogan, Ozge Saatci, Ozgur Sahin, Aynur Isik, Ozge Akbulut, Sercan Aksoy, Aytekin Akyol, Yasser Riazalhosseini, Pouria Jandaghi, Raza, Umar, Ersan, Pelin G., Akbulut, Özge, Tokat, Ünal Metin, Aykut, Gamze, Ansari, Suhail A., and Şahin, Özgür
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0301 basic medicine ,Integrins ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Apoptosis ,Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ,Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,RNA-Seq ,Hypoxia ,lcsh:Science ,Triple-negative breast cancer ,Cancer ,Multidisciplinary ,integumentary system ,Chemistry ,Extracellular Matrix ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Targeting lysyl oxidase (LOX) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Collagen ,Signal transduction ,Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src ,Signal Transduction ,Cell biology ,Science ,RNA-sequencing ,Down-Regulation ,Mice, Nude ,Lysyl oxidase ,Antineoplastic Agents ,macromolecular substances ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Downregulation and upregulation ,In vivo ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Animals ,Humans ,General Chemistry ,Fibronectins ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,HIF1A ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ,Cancer research ,lcsh:Q ,Neoplasm Transplantation - Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. Here we identify hypoxia-induced ECM re-modeler, lysyl oxidase (LOX) as a key inducer of chemoresistance by developing chemoresistant TNBC tumors in vivo and characterizing their transcriptomes by RNA-sequencing. Inhibiting LOX reduces collagen cross-linking and fibronectin assembly, increases drug penetration, and downregulates ITGA5/FN1 expression, resulting in inhibition of FAK/Src signaling, induction of apoptosis and re-sensitization to chemotherapy. Similarly, inhibiting FAK/Src results in chemosensitization. These effects are observed in 3D-cultured cell lines, tumor organoids, chemoresistant xenografts, syngeneic tumors and PDX models. Re-expressing the hypoxia-repressed miR-142-3p, which targets HIF1A, LOX and ITGA5, causes further suppression of the HIF-1α/LOX/ITGA5/FN1 axis. Notably, higher LOX, ITGA5, or FN1, or lower miR-142-3p levels are associated with shorter survival in chemotherapy-treated TNBC patients. These results provide strong pre-clinical rationale for developing and testing LOX inhibitors to overcome chemoresistance in TNBC patients., The development of chemoresistance is a major hurdle in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors show that lysyl oxidase (LOX) is overexpressed in chemoresistant TNBCs, and when inhibited reduces collagen cross-linking, fibronectin fibril assembly, and downstream integrin signalling, overcoming resistance.
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- 2020
42. Targeting PLK1 overcomes T-DM1 resistance via CDK1-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of Bcl-2/xL in HER2-positive breast cancer
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Simone Borgoni, Erol Eyupoglu, Umar Raza, Ozgur Kutuk, Selvi Durmus, Ozgur Sahin, Ozge Akbulut, Ozge Saatci, Stefan Wiemann, Aytekin Akyol, Can Alkan, Saatçi, Özge, Akbulut, Özge, Durmuş, Selvi, Raza, Umar, Eyüpoğlu, Erol, Alkan, Can, Şahin, Özgür, and Tıbbi Patoloji
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Small interfering RNA ,Receptor, ErbB-2 ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Breast cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Trastuzumab ,Patoloji ,Phosphorylation ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Pteridines ,Drug Synergism ,Volasertib ,3. Good health ,Plk1 ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Growth inhibition ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug ,musculoskeletal diseases ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,DNA repair ,bcl-X Protein ,Breast Neoplasms ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Biology ,PLK1 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,CDC2 Protein Kinase ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Maytansine ,Molecular Biology ,Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 ,T-Dm1 ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Trastuzumab emtansine ,Cancer research - Abstract
Trastuzumab-refractory, HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-positive breast cancer is commonly treated with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab and the microtubule-targeting agent, DM1. However, drug response reduces greatly over time due to acquisition of resistance whose molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we uncovered a novel mechanism of resistance against T-DM1 by combining whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), proteomics and a targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) sensitization screen for molecular level analysis of acquired and de novo T-DM1-resistant models of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. We identified Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a mitotic kinase, as a resistance mediator whose genomic as well as pharmacological inhibition restored drug sensitivity. Both acquired and de novo resistant models exhibited synergistic growth inhibition upon combination of T-DM1 with a selective PLK1 inhibitor, volasertib, at a wide concentration range of the two drugs. Mechanistically, T-DM1 sensitization upon PLK1 inhibition with volasertib was initiated by a spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)-dependent mitotic arrest, leading to caspase activation, followed by DNA damage through CDK1-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of Bcl-2/xL. Furthermore, we showed that Ser70 phosphorylation of Bcl-2 directly regulates apoptosis by disrupting the binding to and sequestration of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim. Importantly, T-DM1 resistance signature or PLK1 expression correlated with cell cycle progression and DNA repair, and predicted a lower sensitivity to taxane/trastuzumab combination in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Finally, volasertib in combination with T-DM1 greatly synergized in models of T-DM1 resistance in terms of growth inhibition both in three dimensional (3D) cell culture and in vivo. Altogether, our results provide promising pre-clinical evidence for potential testing of T-DM1/volasertib combination in T-DM1 refractory HER2-positive breast cancer patients for whom there is currently no treatment available. Acknowledgements This project was supported by TUBITAK-BMBF Bilateral Grant numbers: TUBITAK, 214Z130 (to ÖŞ) and BMBF WTZ, 01DL16003 (to SW). ÖŞ further acknowledges the support from EMBO Installation Grant Number 2791. Special thanks to Genentech, USA Inc. for providing us with T-DM1 under Material Transfer Agreement with MTA number OR-213615. We thank the DKFZ Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility for providing sequencing excellent services. We also thank Deniz Atasoy and Pelin Dilsiz from Istanbul Medipol University for their help with confocal microscopy. ÖK acknowledges support from Baskent University and The Science Academy.
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43. Systemic aging fuels heart failure: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.
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Fang Z, Raza U, Song J, Lu J, Yao S, Liu X, Zhang W, and Li S
- Abstract
Systemic aging influences various physiological processes and contributes to structural and functional decline in cardiac tissue. These alterations include an increased incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, a decline in left ventricular diastolic function, left atrial dilation, atrial fibrillation, myocardial fibrosis and cardiac amyloidosis, elevating susceptibility to chronic heart failure (HF) in the elderly. Age-related cardiac dysfunction stems from prolonged exposure to genomic, epigenetic, oxidative, autophagic, inflammatory and regenerative stresses, along with the accumulation of senescent cells. Concurrently, age-related structural and functional changes in the vascular system, attributed to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, impaired angiogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, impose additional strain on the heart. Dysregulated mechanosignalling and impaired nitric oxide signalling play critical roles in the age-related vascular dysfunction associated with HF. Metabolic aging drives intricate shifts in glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation within cardiomyocytes. These alterations contribute to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and impaired contractility, ultimately propelling HF. Systemic low-grade chronic inflammation, in conjunction with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, aggravates cardiac dysfunction with age by promoting immune cell infiltration into the myocardium, fostering HF. This is further exacerbated by age-related comorbidities like coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CAD and atherosclerosis induce myocardial ischaemia and adverse remodelling, while hypertension contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Obesity-associated insulin resistance, inflammation and dyslipidaemia create a profibrotic cardiac environment, whereas diabetes-related metabolic disturbances further impair cardiac function. CKD-related fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances and uraemic toxins exacerbate HF through systemic inflammation and neurohormonal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. Recognizing aging as a modifiable process has opened avenues to target systemic aging in HF through both lifestyle interventions and therapeutics. Exercise, known for its antioxidant effects, can partly reverse pathological cardiac remodelling in the elderly by countering processes linked to age-related chronic HF, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, senescence and declining cardiomyocyte regeneration. Dietary interventions such as plant-based and ketogenic diets, caloric restriction and macronutrient supplementation are instrumental in maintaining energy balance, reducing adiposity and addressing micronutrient and macronutrient imbalances associated with age-related HF. Therapeutic advancements targeting systemic aging in HF are underway. Key approaches include senomorphics and senolytics to limit senescence, antioxidants targeting mitochondrial stress, anti-inflammatory drugs like interleukin (IL)-1β inhibitors, metabolic rejuvenators such as nicotinamide riboside, resveratrol and sirtuin (SIRT) activators and autophagy enhancers like metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, all of which offer potential for preserving cardiac function and alleviating the age-related HF burden., (© 2024 The Author(s). ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.)
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- 2024
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44. From bench to bedside: Advancing towards therapeutic treatment of vestibular schwannomas.
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Guo S, Zheng X, Chen W, Raza U, Zeng A, Akter F, Huang Q, and Yao S
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Vestibular schwannomas are rare intracranial tumors originating from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve. Despite their benign nature, these tumors can exert significant mass effects and debilitating symptoms, including gradual hearing loss, vertigo, facial nerve dysfunction, and headaches. Current clinical management options encompass wait-and-scan, surgery, radiation therapy, and off-label medication. However, each approach exhibits its own challenges and harbors limitations that underscore the urgent need for therapeutic treatments. Over the past 2 decades, extensive elucidation of the molecular underpinnings of vestibular schwannomas has unraveled genetic anomalies, dysregulated signaling pathways, downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, disrupted extracellular matrix, inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and altered cerebrospinal fluid composition as integral factors in driving the development and progression of the disease. Armed with this knowledge, novel therapeutic interventions tailored to the unique molecular characteristics of those conditions are actively being pursued. This review underscores the urgency of addressing the dearth of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for vestibular schwannoma, highlighting the key molecular discoveries and their potential translation into therapeutics. It provides an in-depth exploration of the evolving landscape of therapeutic development, which is currently advancing from bench to bedside. These ongoing efforts hold the promise of significantly transforming the lives of vestibular schwannoma patients in the future., Competing Interests: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press, the Society for Neuro-Oncology and the European Association of Neuro-Oncology.)
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- 2024
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45. SIRT7: the seventh key to unlocking the mystery of aging.
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Raza U, Tang X, Liu Z, and Liu B
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- Humans, Aging, Sirtuins physiology
- Abstract
Aging is a chronic yet natural physiological decline of the body. Throughout life, humans are continuously exposed to a variety of exogenous and endogenous stresses, which engender various counteractive responses at the cellular, tissue, organ, as well as organismal levels. The compromised cellular and tissue functions that occur because of genetic factors or prolonged stress (or even the stress response) may accelerate aging. Over the last two decades, the sirtuin (SIRT) family of lysine deacylases has emerged as a key regulator of longevity in a variety of organisms. SIRT7, the most recently identified member of the SIRTs, maintains physiological homeostasis and provides protection against aging by functioning as a watchdog of genomic integrity, a dynamic sensor and modulator of stresses. SIRT7 decline disrupts metabolic homeostasis, accelerates aging, and increases the risk of age-related pathologies including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary and renal disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer, etc. Here, we present SIRT7 as the seventh key to unlock the mystery of aging, and its specific manipulation holds great potential to ensure healthiness and longevity.
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- 2024
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46. Hypoxia-driven ncRNAs in breast cancer.
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H Al-Zuaini H, Rafiq Zahid K, Xiao X, Raza U, Huang Q, and Zeng T
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Low oxygen tension, or hypoxia is the driving force behind tumor aggressiveness, leading to therapy resistance, metastasis, and stemness in solid cancers including breast cancer, which now stands as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. With the great advancements in exploring the regulatory roles of the non-coding genome in recent years, the wide spectrum of hypoxia-responsive genome is not limited to just protein-coding genes but also includes multiple types of non-coding RNAs, such as micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. Over the years, these hypoxia-responsive non-coding molecules have been greatly implicated in breast cancer. Hypoxia drives the expression of these non-coding RNAs as upstream modulators and downstream effectors of hypoxia inducible factor signaling in the favor of breast cancer through a myriad of molecular mechanisms. These non-coding RNAs then contribute in orchestrating aggressive hypoxic tumor environment and regulate cancer associated cellular processes such as proliferation, evasion of apoptotic death, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, therapy resistance, stemness, and evasion of the immune system in breast cancer. In addition, the interplay between hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs as well as feedback and feedforward loops between these ncRNAs and HIFs further contribute to breast cancer progression. Although the current clinical implications of hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs are limited to prognostics and diagnostics in breast cancer, extensive explorations have established some of these hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs as promising targets to treat aggressive breast cancers, and future scientific endeavors hold great promise in targeting hypoxia-driven ncRNAs at clinics to treat breast cancer and limit global cancer burden., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 H. Al-Zuaini, Rafiq Zahid, Xiao, Raza, Huang and Zeng.)
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- 2023
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47. Neutrophils: Musketeers against immunotherapy.
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Zahid KR, Raza U, Tumbath S, Jiang L, Xu W, and Huang X
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Neutrophils, the most copious leukocytes in human blood, play a critical role in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and immune suppression. Recently, neutrophils have attracted the attention of researchers, immunologists, and oncologists because of their potential role in orchestrating immune evasion in human diseases including cancer, which has led to a hot debate redefining the contribution of neutrophils in tumor progression and immunity. To make this debate fruitful, this review seeks to provide a recent update about the contribution of neutrophils in immune suppression and tumor progression. Here, we first described the molecular pathways through which neutrophils aid in cancer progression and orchestrate immune suppression/evasion. Later, we summarized the underlying molecular mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated therapy resistance and highlighted various approaches through which neutrophil antagonism may heighten the efficacy of the immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Finally, we have highlighted several unsolved questions and hope that answering these questions will provide a new avenue toward immunotherapy revolution., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zahid, Raza, Tumbath, Jiang, Xu and Huang.)
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- 2022
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48. Reactivation of cAMP Pathway by PDE4D Inhibition Represents a Novel Druggable Axis for Overcoming Tamoxifen Resistance in ER-positive Breast Cancer.
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Mishra RR, Belder N, Ansari SA, Kayhan M, Bal H, Raza U, Ersan PG, Tokat ÜM, Eyüpoğlu E, Saatci Ö, Jandaghi P, Wiemann S, Üner A, Cekic C, Riazalhosseini Y, and Şahin Ö
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- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Apoptosis drug effects, Apoptosis genetics, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Disease Models, Animal, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress genetics, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Mice, Models, Biological, Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors pharmacology, Stress, Physiological genetics, Tamoxifen therapeutic use, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 metabolism, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Receptors, Estrogen metabolism, Second Messenger Systems drug effects, Tamoxifen pharmacology
- Abstract
Purpose: Tamoxifen remains an important hormonal therapy for ER-positive breast cancer; however, development of resistance is a major obstacle in clinics. Here, we aimed to identify novel mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance and provide actionable drug targets overcoming resistance. Experimental Design: Whole-transcriptome sequencing, downstream pathway analysis, and drug repositioning approaches were used to identify novel modulators [here: phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)] of tamoxifen resistance. Clinical data involving tamoxifen-treated patients with ER-positive breast cancer were used to assess the impact of PDE4D in tamoxifen resistance. Tamoxifen sensitization role of PDE4D was tested in vitro and in vivo Cytobiology, biochemistry, and functional genomics tools were used to elucidate the mechanisms of PDE4D-mediated tamoxifen resistance. Results: PDE4D, which hydrolyzes cyclic AMP (cAMP), was significantly overexpressed in both MCF-7 and T47D tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) cells. Higher PDE4D expression predicted worse survival in tamoxifen-treated patients with breast cancer ( n = 469, P = 0.0036 for DMFS; n = 561, P = 0.0229 for RFS) and remained an independent prognostic factor for RFS in multivariate analysis ( n = 132, P = 0.049). Inhibition of PDE4D by either siRNAs or pharmacologic inhibitors (dipyridamole and Gebr-7b) restored tamoxifen sensitivity. Sensitization to tamoxifen is achieved via cAMP-mediated induction of unfolded protein response/ER stress pathway leading to activation of p38/JNK signaling and apoptosis. Remarkably, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) was predicted to be a tamoxifen sensitizer using a drug repositioning approach and was shown to reverse resistance by targeting PDE4D/cAMP/ER stress axis. Finally, combining PDE4D inhibitors and tamoxifen suppressed tumor growth better than individual groups in vivo Conclusions: PDE4D plays a pivotal role in acquired tamoxifen resistance via blocking cAMP/ER stress/p38-JNK signaling and apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1987-2001. ©2018 AACR ., (©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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49. Polyol Pathway Links Glucose Metabolism to the Aggressiveness of Cancer Cells.
- Author
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Schwab A, Siddiqui A, Vazakidou ME, Napoli F, Böttcher M, Menchicchi B, Raza U, Saatci Ö, Krebs AM, Ferrazzi F, Rapa I, Dettmer-Wilde K, Waldner MJ, Ekici AB, Rasheed SAK, Mougiakakos D, Oefner PJ, Sahin O, Volante M, Greten FR, Brabletz T, and Ceppi P
- Subjects
- A549 Cells, Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Glucose metabolism, HCT116 Cells, HEK293 Cells, HT29 Cells, Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Mice, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Aldehyde Reductase genetics, Colonic Neoplasms pathology, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition genetics, L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase genetics, Lung Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Cancer cells alter their metabolism to support their malignant properties. In this study, we report that the glucose-transforming polyol pathway (PP) gene aldo-keto-reductase-1-member-B1 ( AKR1B1 ) strongly correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This association was confirmed in samples from lung cancer patients and from an EMT-driven colon cancer mouse model with p53 deletion. In vitro , mesenchymal-like cancer cells showed increased AKR1B1 levels, and AKR1B1 knockdown was sufficient to revert EMT. An equivalent level of EMT suppression was measured by targeting the downstream enzyme sorbitol-dehydrogenase (SORD), further pointing at the involvement of the PP. Comparative RNA sequencing confirmed a profound alteration of EMT in PP-deficient cells, revealing a strong repression of TGFβ signature genes. Excess glucose was found to promote EMT through autocrine TGFβ stimulation, while PP-deficient cells were refractory to glucose-induced EMT. These data show that PP represents a molecular link between glucose metabolism, cancer differentiation, and aggressiveness, and may serve as a novel therapeutic target. Significance: A glucose-transforming pathway in TGFβ-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition provides novel mechanistic insights into the metabolic control of cancer differentiation. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1604-18. ©2018 AACR ., (©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The miR-644a/CTBP1/p53 axis suppresses drug resistance by simultaneous inhibition of cell survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer.
- Author
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Raza U, Saatci Ö, Uhlmann S, Ansari SA, Eyüpoğlu E, Yurdusev E, Mutlu M, Ersan PG, Altundağ MK, Zhang JD, Doğan HT, Güler G, and Şahin Ö
- Subjects
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases genetics, Animals, Apoptosis, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Cell Cycle, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement, Cell Survival, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Disease Progression, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Mice, Mice, Nude, Mutation, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local genetics, Neoplasm Transplantation, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Alcohol Oxidoreductases metabolism, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, MicroRNAs metabolism, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism
- Abstract
Tumor cells develop drug resistance which leads to recurrence and distant metastasis. MicroRNAs are key regulators of tumor pathogenesis; however, little is known whether they can sensitize cells and block metastasis simultaneously. Here, we report miR-644a as a novel inhibitor of both cell survival and EMT whereby acting as pleiotropic therapy-sensitizer in breast cancer. We showed that both miR-644a expression and its gene signature are associated with tumor progression and distant metastasis-free survival. Mechanistically, miR-644a directly targets the transcriptional co-repressor C-Terminal Binding Protein 1 (CTBP1) whose knock-outs by the CRISPR-Cas9 system inhibit tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance, mimicking the phenotypes induced by miR-644a. Furthermore, downregulation of CTBP1 by miR-644a upregulates wild type- or mutant-p53 which acts as a 'molecular switch' between G1-arrest and apoptosis by inducing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21, CDKN1A, CIP1) or pro-apoptotic phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 (Noxa, PMAIP1), respectively. Interestingly, an increase in mutant-p53 by either overexpression of miR-644a or downregulation of CTBP1 was enough to shift this balance in favor of apoptosis through upregulation of Noxa. Notably, p53-mutant patients, but not p53-wild type ones, with high CTBP1 have a shorter survival suggesting that CTBP1 could be a potential prognostic factor for breast cancer patients with p53 mutations. Overall, re-activation of the miR-644a/CTBP1/p53 axis may represent a new strategy for overcoming both therapy resistance and metastasis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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