41 results on '"Ravenel, J."'
Search Results
2. Delayed epidural hematoma after evacuation of a subdural hematoma
- Author
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Ravenel, J. G., Lieberman, K. A., and Wasenko, J. J.
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- 2000
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3. The behavioral and neurochemical effects of an inescapable stressor are time of day dependent.
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Daut, Rachel A., Ravenel, J. Russell, Watkins, Linda R., Maier, Steven F., and Fonken, Laura K.
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BEHAVIOR , *RAPHE nuclei , *CIRCADIAN rhythms , *SOCIAL change , *ANHEDONIA , *DRUG-seeking behavior , *IMMOBILIZATION stress - Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ∼24 h fluctuations in physiology and behavior that are synchronized with the light-dark cycle. The circadian system ensures homeostatic balance by regulating multiple systems that respond to environmental stimuli including stress systems. In rats, acute exposure to a series of uncontrollable tailshocks (inescapable stress, IS) produces an anxiety and depression-like phenotype. Anxiety- and fear-related behavioral changes produced by IS are driven by sensitization of serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Because the circadian and serotonergic systems are closely linked, here we tested whether the DRN-dependent behavioral and neurochemical effects of IS are time of day dependent. Exposure to IS during the light (inactive) phase elicited the expected changes in mood related behaviors. In contrast, rats that underwent IS during the dark (active) phase were buffered against stress-induced changes in juvenile social exploration and shock-elicited freezing, both DRN-dependent outcomes. Interestingly, behavioral anhedonia, which is not a DRN-dependent behavior, was comparably reduced by stress at both times of day. Neurochemical changes complimented the behavioral results: IS-induced activation of DRN 5-HT neurons was greater during the light phase compared to the dark phase. Additionally, 5-HT1AR and 5-HTT, two genes that regulate 5-HT activity were up-regulated during the middle of the light cycle. These data suggest that DRN-dependent behavioral outcomes of IS are time of day dependent and may be mediated by circadian gating of the DRN response to stress. Here we show that the time of day at which a stressor occurs impacts the behavioral and neurochemical outcomes of the stressor. In particular, animals appear more vulnerable to a stressor that occurs during their rest phase. This work may have important implications for shift-workers and other populations that are more likely to encounter stressors during their rest phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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4. The changing epidemiology of lung cancer with a focus on screening.
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Silvestri GA, Alberg AJ, and Ravenel J
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- 2009
5. Detection of telomerase expression in mediastinal lymph nodes of patients with lung cancer.
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Wallace MB, Block M, Hoffman BJ, Hawes RH, Silvestri G, Reed CE, Mitas M, Ravenel J, Fraig M, Miller S, Jones ET, Boylan A, Wallace, Michael B, Block, Mark, Hoffman, Brenda J, Hawes, Robert H, Silvestri, Gerard, Reed, Carolyn E, Mitas, Michael, and Ravenel, James
- Abstract
Mediastinal lymph nodes are the most common site of tumor spread in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesized that micrometastatic disease could be detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in mediastinal lymph nodes and that a minimally invasive technique (endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration [EUS-FNA]) is capable of sampling lymph nodes for PCR analysis without surgery. Mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled with EUS-FNA in patients with NSCLC and negative control subjects undergoing EUS for benign disease. Total RNA was harvested from samples, and RT-PCR was performed to detect telomerase gene expression. RNA was available from 87 of 100 lymph node aspirates from 39 patients with NSCLC and from 12 negative control patients. hTERT was expressed in 0 of 14 negative control lymph nodes in 18 of 57 pathologically negative lymph nodes from cancer patients and in 10 of 16 pathologically positive lymph nodes (p < 0.05). Five of 18 (28%) patients with no pathologically evident mediastinal disease expressed telomerase in at least one lymph node. Minimally invasive EUS-FNA with RT-PCR is capable of detecting expression of cancer specific mRNA in lymph nodes. Approximately one-third of pathologically negative mediastinal lymph nodes in NSCLC patients express hTERT mRNA. The clinical significance of this observation is yet to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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6. Progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in native lungs after single lung transplantation.
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Wahidi MM, Ravenel J, Palmer SM, McAdams HP, Wahidi, Momen M, Ravenel, James, Palmer, Scott M, and McAdams, H Page
- Abstract
This retrospective, single-center study was conducted to assess the response of native idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lungs to a potent cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen in single-lung transplantation recipients. The study included IPF patients who had undergone single-lung transplantation and had chest CT scans before and after transplantation. Five patients underwent single-lung transplantation for IPF between April 1992 and January 2001, and met entry criteria. All patients were placed on an immunosuppressive regimen consisting of prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. In two of the five patients, ground glass attenuation in the native IPF lung improved post-transplantation. However, fibrotic changes progressed in all five patients. In patients with advanced IPF, a potent cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen is not likely to have an effect on the progression of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
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7. Loss of imprinting of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene in distinguishing specific biologic subtypes of Wilms tumor.
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Ravenel, Jason D., Broman, Karl W., Perlman, Elizabeth J., Niemitz, Emily L., Jayawardena, Tilanthi M., Bell, Daphne W., Haber, Daniel A., Uejima, Hiroshi, Feinberg, Andrew P., Ravenel, J D, Broman, K W, Perlman, E J, Niemitz, E L, Jayawardena, T M, Bell, D W, Haber, D A, Uejima, H, and Feinberg, A P
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SOMATOMEDIN ,GENOMIC imprinting ,NEPHROBLASTOMA - Abstract
Background: Loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene, an epigenetic alteration associated with expression of the normally silent maternal allele, was observed first in Wilms tumor. Although LOI has subsequently been detected in most adult tumors, the biologic role of LOI in cancer remains obscure. We analyzed the imprinting status of Wilms tumors with respect to pathologic subtype, stage, and patient's age at diagnosis and examined the expression of genes potentially affected by LOI.Methods: Of 60 Wilms tumors examined, 25 were informative for an ApaI polymorphism in the IGF2 gene, allowing analysis of allele-specific gene expression, and could be classified by pathologic subtype. Gene expression was measured quantitatively by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and pathologic analysis was blinded for genetic status. All statistical tests were two-sided.Results: We observed LOI of IGF2 in nine (90%) of 10 Wilms tumors classified as having a pathologic subtype associated with a later stage of renal development and in only one (6.7%) of 15 Wilms tumors with a pathologic subtype associated with an earlier stage of renal development (P< .001). LOI was associated with a 2.2-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-fold to 3.1-fold) in IGF2 expression (P< .001). Children whose Wilms tumors displayed LOI of IGF2 were statistically significantly older at diagnosis (median = 65 months; interquartile range [IQR] = 47-83 months) than children whose tumors displayed normal imprinting (median = 24 months; IQR = 13-35 months; P< .001).Conclusions: These data demonstrate a clear relationship between LOI and altered expression of IGF2 in Wilms tumors and provide a molecular basis for understanding the divergent pathogenesis of this cancer. Analysis of LOI could provide a valuable molecular tool for the classification of Wilms tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2001
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8. Multidimensional imaging of the thorax: practical applications.
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Ravenel, J G, McAdams, H P, Remy-Jardin, M, and Remy, J
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- 2001
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9. Chest radiographic features of engraftment syndrome.
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Ravenel, James G., Scalzetti, Ernest M., Zamkoff, Kenneth W., Ravenel, J G, Scalzetti, E M, and Zamkoff, K W
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- 2000
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10. Thylakoid membrane stability to heat stress studied by flash spectroscopic measurements of the electrochromic shift in intact potato leaves: influence of the xanthopyll content.
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Havaux, M., Tardy, F., Ravenel, J., Chanu, D., and Parot, P.
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ADSORPTION (Chemistry) ,ELECTRIC fields ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of heat ,ELECTROMAGNETIC fields ,OSMOSIS ,POROSITY ,LIPIDS - Abstract
A flesh-induced transthylakoid electric field was measured at 515 nm as an electrochromic absorbance shift in intact potato leaves using a double flash differential spectrophotometer. The decay rate of the electrochromic shift in dark-adapted samples was used to examine the conductance to ions of thylakoid membranes. Heat stress (39.5 °15 min) was found to accelerate drastically the electric field decay, with the half decay time falling from more than 200 ms to less than 45 ms. Heat-induced acceleration of the electric field breakdown was insensitive to the PSII electron donor Hydroxylamine and to the ATPase inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), thus indicating that it reflects an increase in thylakoid membrane permeability after heat stress. This phenomenon did not involve peroxidative damage of membrane lipids. Acceleration of the electric field relaxation exhibited the same temperature dependence as that of PSII deactivation, suggesting that the ionic permeability of thylakoid membranes is one of the most heat-sensitive components of the photosynthetic apparatus. When potato leaves were infiltrated with 100 mol m
-3 ascorbate (in a buffer of pH 5), there was massive conversion of the carotenoid violaxanthin to zeaxanthin. This change in carotenoid composition protected thylakoid membranes against heat-induced changes in permeability, as revealed by the maintenance of a slow decay of the 515 nm absorbance change after heat stress. No such effect was observed after treatments which did not induce the violaxanthin-to-zeaxanthin conversion: leaf infiltration with ) mol m-3 ascorbate (at pH 5 or 8), 100 mol m-3 ascorbate at pH 8 or 100 m-3 ascorbate + 5 mol m-3 dithiothreitol at pH 5. Increased stability of the permeability properties of thylakoid membranes was also observed after a mild heat treatment (2 h at 35 °C). The data presented suggest that de-epoxidized xanthophylls in vivo stabilize thylakoid membranes and protect thylakoids against heat-induced disorganization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1996
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11. RUBELLA IMMUNITY IN TRINIDAD1.
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PITTS, O. M., RAVENEL, J. M., and FINKLEA, J. F.
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- 1969
12. Susceptibility to epidemic rebella in a college population
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Finklea, J. F., Sandifer, S. H., Pitts, O. M., and Ravenel, J. M.
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Universities ,South Carolina ,Humans ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,Rubella ,Research Article ,Disease Outbreaks - Published
- 1969
13. EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL SECURITY METRICS.
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Ravenel, J. Patrick
- Subjects
COMPUTER security ,SECURITY management ,INFORMATION technology ,DATA protection ,SECURITY systems - Abstract
The article offers information on how to measure information security risks. The author suggests that metrics provide a mechanism for information technology risk management and feed a process toward continuous security improvement. Managing security through an unified process enables a company to easily quantify improvements in security, create a repeatable practices, and demonstrate results over time.
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- 2006
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14. A Rare Case of Terminal Ileum Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a Young Caucasian Adult.
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Rao AK, Anthony T, Ravenel J, Kosko J, and Whitaker I
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare in young individuals and typically affect older adults. We present the case of a previously healthy male who presented with severe hematochezia, fatigue, and dizziness. Colonoscopy did not demonstrate any colonic mass. CT of the pelvis with contrast revealed a pelvic mass measuring 7.4 cm. Biopsy confirmed a low-grade mixed-type GIST of the terminal ileum. Surgical resection was successfully performed. Histopathological analysis further characterized the tumor, and the patient was discharged with consideration of adjuvant imatinib therapy. This case underscores the importance of thorough diagnostic evaluation and multidisciplinary management for atypical presentations of gastrointestinal bleeding in young patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Rao et al.)
- Published
- 2023
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15. Prospective Evaluation of the First Integrated Positron Emission Tomography/Dual-Energy Computed Tomography System in Patients With Lung Cancer.
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Martin SS, van Assen M, Burchett P, Monti CB, Schoepf UJ, Ravenel J, Rieter WJ, Vogl TJ, Costello P, Gordon L, and De Cecco CN
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- Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Humans, Lymph Nodes, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Positron-Emission Tomography, Radiopharmaceuticals, Retrospective Studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung diagnostic imaging, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to prospectively evaluate the first integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) system performance in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Materials and Methods: In this single-center, prospective trial, consecutive patients with NSCLC referred for a PET study between May 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled. All patients received contrast-enhanced imaging on a clinical PET/DECT system. Data analysis included PET-based standard uptake values (SUVmax) and DECT-based iodine densities of tumor masses, lymph nodes, and distant metastases. Results were analyzed using correlation tests and receiver operating characteristics curves., Results: The study population was composed of 21 patients (median age 62 y, 14 male patients). A moderate positive correlation was found between iodine density values (2.2 mg/mL) and SUVmax (10.5) in tumor masses (ρ=0.53, P<0.01). Iodine density values (2.3 mg/mL) and SUVmax (5.4) of lymph node metastases showed a weak positive correlation (ρ=0.23, P=0.14). In addition, iodine quantification analysis provided no added value in differentiating between pathologic and nonpathologic lymph nodes with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.55 using PET-based SUVmax as the reference standard. A weak positive correlation was observed between iodine density (2.2 mg/mL) and SUVmax in distant metastases (14.9, ρ=0.23, P=0.52)., Conclusions: The application of an integrated PET/DECT system in lung cancer might provide additional insights in the assessment of tumor masses. However, the added value of iodine density quantification for the evaluation of lymph nodes and distant metastases seems limited., Competing Interests: U.J.S. receives institutional research support and/or honoraria for speaking and consulting from Astellas, Bayer, Bracco, Elucid BioImaging, Guerbet, HeartFlow Inc., and Siemens Healthineers. C.N.D.C. is a consultant for/receives institutional research support from Siemens Healthineers. S.S.M. received speakers’ fees from Siemens Healthineers. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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16. Interventional Therapies for Central Airways.
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Dunlap DG, Ravenel J, Sechrist J, and Semaan R
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- Airway Obstruction diagnostic imaging, Bronchi diagnostic imaging, Bronchi surgery, Bronchoscopy methods, Humans, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Trachea diagnostic imaging, Trachea surgery, Airway Obstruction surgery, Brachytherapy methods, Cautery methods, Debridement methods, Laser Therapy methods, Stents
- Abstract
Central airway obstruction (CAO) is a dangerous and increasingly common problem. CAO refers to lesions causing narrowing of the trachea or mainstem bronchi and is generally divided into malignant and nonmalignant categories. These 2 entities may be caused by a variety of thoracic and extrathoracic diseases. Imaging is critical during the initial assessment of CAO and may help thoracic physicians focus the differential diagnosis and plan the safest and most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. However, direct visualization via flexible or rigid bronchoscopy is often necessary for diagnostic and treatment purposes. A large number of procedures can be performed through bronchoscopy, with the goal of relieving the obstruction and improving patency of the airway. Deciding which procedure to perform is based both upon the type of lesion and whether the lesion is due to a malignant or nonmalignant process. Possible interventions include mechanical debridement, laser therapy, argon plasma coagulation, electrocautery, brachytherapy, and stent placement. Immediate postoperative and follow-up imaging is crucial to monitor for immediate, subacute, and chronic complications as well as disease progression and recurrence.
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- 2019
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17. Rheumatological diseases and cancer: the hidden variable of radiation exposure.
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Picano E, Semelka R, Ravenel J, and Matucci-Cerinic M
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- Female, Humans, Male, Lung Diseases, Interstitial diagnostic imaging, Multidetector Computed Tomography methods, Scleroderma, Systemic diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 2014
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18. A 79-year-old woman with a right paratracheal mass.
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Gomez M, Tanner NT, Recavarren RA, Ravenel J, and Silvestri GA
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- Aged, Bronchoscopy, Female, Humans, Lymphocele diagnostic imaging, Mediastinal Diseases diagnostic imaging, Positron-Emission Tomography, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Lymphocele diagnosis, Mediastinal Diseases diagnosis
- Published
- 2009
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19. Superior vena cava syndrome related to indwelling intravenous catheters in patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Garwood S, Flume PA, and Ravenel J
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Catheters, Indwelling adverse effects, Cystic Fibrosis therapy, Superior Vena Cava Syndrome etiology
- Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often need long-term implanted vascular-access devices for intravenous antibiotics for chronic lower respiratory tract infections. These devices are not without complications, including infection, occlusion, and vascular thrombosis. Such thrombosis can result in superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome due to the position of the catheter proximal to the right atrium. SVC syndrome in CF patients, however, is rarely reported in the literature, suggesting that its incidence is uncommon. We describe three patients with SVC syndrome as a consequence of implanted vascular-access devices.
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- 2006
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20. Accurate molecular detection of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in mediastinal lymph nodes sampled by endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration.
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Wallace MB, Block MI, Gillanders W, Ravenel J, Hoffman BJ, Reed CE, Fraig M, Cole D, and Mitas M
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- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung diagnostic imaging, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Lung pathology, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Positron-Emission Tomography, RNA, Messenger genetics, Reference Values, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung genetics, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung pathology, Endosonography, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lymph Nodes pathology, Transcription Factors genetics
- Abstract
Objectives: The recurrence of disease after the complete resection of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) indicates that undetected metastases were present at the time of surgery. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a highly sensitive technique for detecting rare gene transcripts that may indicate the presence of cancer cells, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a minimally invasive technique for the nonoperative sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to determine whether these two techniques could enhance the preoperative detection of occult metastases., Methods: Patients with NSCLC were evaluated with chest CT and positron emission tomography scans. Those patients without evidence of metastases (87 patients) underwent EUS-guided FNA. Lymph nodes from levels 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 were sampled and evaluated by standard cytopathology and real-time RT-PCR. Normal control FNA specimens were obtained from patients without cancer who were undergoing EUS for benign disease (17 control specimens). For each sample, messenger RNA was extracted and real-time RT-PCR was used to quantitate the expression of six lung cancer-associated genes (ie, CEA, CK19, KS1/4, lunx, muc1, and PDEF) relative to the expression of an internal control gene (beta(2)-microglobulin)., Results: Clinical thresholds of marker positivity were set at 100% specificity, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Of the cytology-positive lymph nodes (27 lymph nodes), the expression of the KS1/4 gene was above its respective clinical threshold in 25 of 27 samples (93%), making this the most sensitive marker for the detection of metastatic NSCLC. At least one of the six lung cancer-associated genes was overexpressed in 18 of 61 cytology-negative patients (30%), of which KS1/4 was overexpressed in 15 of 61 patients (25%)., Conclusions: Based on the high accuracy of EUS-guided FNA/RT-PCR, we predict that some of the patients in the cytology-negative/marker-positive category will have high NSCLC recurrence rates. Among the genes used in our marker panel, KS1/4 appears particularly useful for the detection of overt or occult metastatic disease.
- Published
- 2005
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21. Endovascular coil embolization for acute management of traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm.
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Block M, Lefkowitz T, Ravenel J, Leon S, and Hannegan C
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- Adult, Aneurysm, False etiology, Depressive Disorder, Major complications, Female, Humans, Suicide, Attempted, Aneurysm, False therapy, Embolization, Therapeutic methods, Pulmonary Artery, Wounds, Gunshot complications
- Published
- 2004
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22. Endoscopic ultrasound in lung cancer patients with a normal mediastinum on computed tomography.
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Wallace MB, Ravenel J, Block MI, Fraig M, Silvestri G, Wildi S, Schmulewitz N, Varadarajulu S, Roberts S, Hoffman BJ, Hawes RH, and Reed CE
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- Biopsy, Needle, Bronchoscopy, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Staging, Sensitivity and Specificity, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Adenocarcinoma diagnostic imaging, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell diagnostic imaging, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Endosonography, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Lymphatic Metastasis diagnosis, Mediastinum diagnostic imaging, Mediastinum pathology
- Abstract
Background: Computed tomography (CT) is the most common method of staging lung cancer. We have previously shown endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) to be highly accurate in staging patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on CT scan. In this study we report the accuracy and yield of EUS-FNA in staging patients without enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes by CT., Methods: Patients with NSCLC and CT scan showing no enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (> 1 cm for all nodes except > 1.2 cm for subcarinal) in the mediastinum underwent EUS. Fine needle aspiration was performed on at least one lymph node, if present, in the upper mediastinum, aortopulmonary window, subcarinal, and periesophagus regions. Each specimen was evaluated with on-site cytopathology and confirmed with complete cytopathologic examination., Results: Sixty-nine patients without enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were evaluated. Endoscopic ultrasound detected malignant mediastinal lymph nodes in 14 of 69 patients as well as other advanced (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stage III/IV) in 3 others (1 left adrenal, and 2 with mediastinal invasion of tumor) for a total of 17 of 69 (25%, 95% confidence interval: 16% to 34%) patients. Eleven additional patients were found to have advanced disease by bronchoscopy (2), mediastinoscopy (2), and thoracotomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection (7). The sensitivity of EUS for advanced mediastinal disease was 61% (49% to 75%), and the specificity was 98% (95% to 100%)., Conclusions: Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration can detect advanced mediastinal disease and avoid unnecessary surgical exploration in almost one of four patients who have no evidence of mediastinal disease on CT scan. In addition to previously reported results in patients with enlarged lymph nodes on CT, these data suggest that all potentially operable patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC may benefit from EUS staging.
- Published
- 2004
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23. Accuracy of EUS in staging of T4 lung cancer.
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Varadarajulu S, Schmulewitz N, Wildi SM, Roberts S, Ravenel J, Reed CE, Block M, Hoffman BJ, Hawes RH, and Wallace MB
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Lung Neoplasms therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonectomy methods, Predictive Value of Tests, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Survival Analysis, Thoracoscopy methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Endosonography methods, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasm Invasiveness pathology, Neoplasm Staging methods
- Abstract
Background: Increasingly, EUS is being used to stage lung cancer. Direct mediastinal invasion (T4) by lung cancer is stage IIIb disease. Patients in this stage have a 5-year survival of less than 5% and generally are offered chemotherapy without surgery. This study evaluated the accuracy of EUS in detecting T4 lung cancer., Methods: The study included all patients with lung cancer who had EUS staging and subsequent staging at surgery, or for whom there was unequivocal confirmation of unresectability (T4) by thoracoscopy, thoracotomy or presence of malignant pleural effusion, or definite invasion of great vessels/adjacent organs on CT., Results: A total of 175 of 308 patients with lung cancer who underwent EUS over a 5-year period (1997-2002) had subsequent confirmatory tumor staging. Ten patients were found by EUS to have stage T4 tumors; 7 were confirmed to be T4 by either surgical exploration (2), CT demonstration of aortic invasion (3), or documentation of malignant pleural effusion (2). Three of the 10 (30%) patients found to have stage T4 tumors by EUS had T2 disease at surgery and underwent curative resection. Of the remaining 165 patients without evidence of T4 disease at EUS, only one was found to have aortic invasion (T4) at surgery. EUS had a sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 98%, positive predictive value of 70%, and a negative predictive value of 99% for detecting T4 disease., Conclusions: Caution is warranted when unresectability of lung cancer is based solely on tumor invasion into mediastinal soft tissue at EUS. Overstaging occurs when a tumor appears to invade the pleural layer without mediastinal organ invasion. Confirmation of unresectability by other diagnostic modalities is warranted in such instances.
- Published
- 2004
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24. In vivo interactions between photosynthesis, mitorespiration, and chlororespiration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Cournac L, Latouche G, Cerovic Z, Redding K, Ravenel J, and Peltier G
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- Animals, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii drug effects, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii radiation effects, Chlorophyll metabolism, Chlorophyll radiation effects, Darkness, Fluorescence, Light, Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes, Methacrylates, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Oxygen Consumption radiation effects, Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins drug effects, Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins metabolism, Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins radiation effects, Photosystem I Protein Complex, Propyl Gallate pharmacology, Pyrimidine Nucleotides metabolism, Salicylamides pharmacology, Thiazoles pharmacology, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii physiology, Oxygen Consumption physiology, Photosynthesis physiology
- Abstract
Interactions between photosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration (mitorespiration), and chlororespiration have been investigated in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using flash illumination and a bare platinum electrode. Depending on the physiological status of algae, flash illumination was found to induce either a fast (t(1/2) approximately 300 ms) or slow (t(1/2) approximately 3 s) transient inhibition of oxygen uptake. Based on the effects of the mitorespiratory inhibitors myxothiazol and salicyl hydroxamic acid (SHAM), and of propyl gallate, an inhibitor of the chlororespiratory oxidase, we conclude that the fast transient is due to the flash-induced inhibition of chlororespiration and that the slow transient is due to the flash-induced inhibition of mitorespiration. By measuring blue-green fluorescence changes, related to the redox status of the pyridine nucleotide pool, and chlorophyll fluorescence, related to the redox status of plastoquinones (PQs) in C. reinhardtii wild type and in a photosystem I-deficient mutant, we show that interactions between photosynthesis and chlororespiration are favored when PQ and pyridine nucleotide pools are reduced, whereas interactions between photosynthesis and mitorespiration are favored at more oxidized states. We conclude that the plastid oxidase, similar to the mitochondrial alternative oxidase, becomes significantly engaged when the PQ pool becomes highly reduced, and thereby prevents its over-reduction.
- Published
- 2002
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25. Loss of imprinting of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene in distinguishing specific biologic subtypes of Wilms tumor.
- Author
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Ravenel JD, Broman KW, Perlman EJ, Niemitz EL, Jayawardena TM, Bell DW, Haber DA, Uejima H, and Feinberg AP
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- Age of Onset, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA Mutational Analysis, Genes, Wilms Tumor, Humans, Infant, Kidney cytology, Kidney metabolism, Loss of Heterozygosity genetics, Models, Biological, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Wilms Tumor pathology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genomic Imprinting genetics, Insulin-Like Growth Factor II genetics, Wilms Tumor classification, Wilms Tumor genetics
- Abstract
Background: Loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene, an epigenetic alteration associated with expression of the normally silent maternal allele, was observed first in Wilms tumor. Although LOI has subsequently been detected in most adult tumors, the biologic role of LOI in cancer remains obscure. We analyzed the imprinting status of Wilms tumors with respect to pathologic subtype, stage, and patient's age at diagnosis and examined the expression of genes potentially affected by LOI., Methods: Of 60 Wilms tumors examined, 25 were informative for an ApaI polymorphism in the IGF2 gene, allowing analysis of allele-specific gene expression, and could be classified by pathologic subtype. Gene expression was measured quantitatively by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and pathologic analysis was blinded for genetic status. All statistical tests were two-sided., Results: We observed LOI of IGF2 in nine (90%) of 10 Wilms tumors classified as having a pathologic subtype associated with a later stage of renal development and in only one (6.7%) of 15 Wilms tumors with a pathologic subtype associated with an earlier stage of renal development (P< .001). LOI was associated with a 2.2-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-fold to 3.1-fold) in IGF2 expression (P< .001). Children whose Wilms tumors displayed LOI of IGF2 were statistically significantly older at diagnosis (median = 65 months; interquartile range [IQR] = 47-83 months) than children whose tumors displayed normal imprinting (median = 24 months; IQR = 13-35 months; P< .001)., Conclusions: These data demonstrate a clear relationship between LOI and altered expression of IGF2 in Wilms tumors and provide a molecular basis for understanding the divergent pathogenesis of this cancer. Analysis of LOI could provide a valuable molecular tool for the classification of Wilms tumor.
- Published
- 2001
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26. Radiation exposure and image quality in chest CT examinations.
- Author
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Ravenel JG, Scalzetti EM, Huda W, and Garrisi W
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Radiation Dosage, Lung diagnostic imaging, Radiation Protection, Radiography, Thoracic methods, Radiography, Thoracic standards, Tomography, X-Ray Computed standards
- Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how changes in radiographic tube current affect patient dose and image quality in unenhanced chest CT examinations., Subjects and Methods: Ten sets of CT images were obtained from patients undergoing CT-guided chest biopsies. For each patient, six images of the same region were obtained at settings between 40 and 280 mAs. CT data were used to reconstruct tomographic sections with a field of view limited to the normal contralateral lung. Images were printed using lung and mediastinal image display settings. Image quality was determined by asking radiologists to assess the perceived level of mottle in CT images. Five chest radiologists ranked the relative image quality of six images. Patient effective doses were computed for chest CT examinations performed at each milliampere-second setting. Radiologists indicated whether any perceived improvement of image quality at the higher radiation exposures was worth the additional radiation dose., Results: The differences in quality of chest CT images generated at greater than or equal to 160 mAs were negligible. Reducing the radiographic technique factor below 160 mAs resulted in a perceptible reduction in image quality. Differences in CT image quality for radiographic techniques between 120 and 280 mAs were deemed to be insufficient to justify any additional patient exposure. However, the use of 40 mAs results in an inferior image quality that would justify increased patient exposure., Conclusion: Radiographic techniques for unenhanced chest CT examinations can be reduced from 280 to 120 mAs without compromising image quality.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Loss of imprinting of insulin-like growth factor-II in Wilms' tumor commonly involves altered methylation but not mutations of CTCF or its binding site.
- Author
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Cui H, Niemitz EL, Ravenel JD, Onyango P, Brandenburg SA, Lobanenkov VV, and Feinberg AP
- Subjects
- Alleles, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, CCCTC-Binding Factor, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Mutation, RNA, Long Noncoding, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, RNA, Untranslated genetics, RNA, Untranslated metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transcription Factors metabolism, DNA Methylation, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Genomic Imprinting, Insulin-Like Growth Factor II genetics, Repressor Proteins, Transcription Factors genetics, Wilms Tumor genetics
- Abstract
Loss of imprinting (LOI) is the most common molecular abnormality in Wilms' tumor (WT), other embryonal cancers, and most other tumor types. LOI in WT involves activation of the normally silent maternal allele of the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF2) gene, silencing of the normally active maternal allele of the H19 gene, and aberrant methylation of a differentially methylated region (DMR) upstream of the maternal copy of H19. Recently, the transcription factor CTCF, which binds to the H19 DMR, has been implicated in the maintenance of H19 and IGF2 imprinting. Here, we show that mutations in the CTCF gene or in the H19 DMR do not occur at significant frequency in WT, nor is there transcriptional silencing of CTCF. We also confirm that methylation of the H19 DMR in WT with LOI includes the CTCF core consensus site. However, some WTs with normal imprinting of IGF2 also show aberrant methylation of CTCF binding sites, indicating that methylation of these sites is necessary but not sufficient for LOI in WT.
- Published
- 2001
28. Late pulmonary metastases from hemangiopericytoma of the mandible: unusual findings on CT and MR imaging.
- Author
-
Ravenel JG and Goodman PC
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Hemangiopericytoma diagnosis, Hemangiopericytoma secondary, Lung Neoplasms diagnosis, Lung Neoplasms secondary, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mandibular Neoplasms pathology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Sarcoidosis induced by interferon therapy.
- Author
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Ravenel JG, McAdams HP, Plankeel JF, Butnor KJ, and Sporn TA
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Interferon alpha-2, Radiography, Recombinant Proteins, Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary diagnostic imaging, Antiviral Agents adverse effects, Interferon-alpha adverse effects, Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary chemically induced
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Image interpretation session: 2000.
- Author
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Ravin CE, Bergin D, Bisset GS 3rd, Fine SA, Guo AC, Helms CA, Hollingsworth CL, Kirk SR, and Ravenel JG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Societies, Medical, Diagnostic Imaging methods, Radiology methods
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Targeted disruption of the Kvlqt1 gene causes deafness and gastric hyperplasia in mice.
- Author
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Lee MP, Ravenel JD, Hu RJ, Lustig LR, Tomaselli G, Berger RD, Brandenburg SA, Litzi TJ, Bunton TE, Limb C, Francis H, Gorelikow M, Gu H, Washington K, Argani P, Goldenring JR, Coffey RJ, and Feinberg AP
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Stem physiology, Cochlea pathology, Cochlea physiopathology, Deafness physiopathology, Disease Models, Animal, Ear, Inner pathology, Ear, Inner physiopathology, Electrocardiography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, Female, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Hyperplasia pathology, KCNQ Potassium Channels, KCNQ1 Potassium Channel, Locomotion physiology, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Mutation genetics, Organ Size, Phenotype, Potassium Channels genetics, Deafness genetics, Hyperplasia genetics, Long QT Syndrome genetics, Potassium Channels deficiency, Potassium Channels metabolism, Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated, Stomach pathology
- Abstract
The KvLQT1 gene encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel. Mutations in KvLQT1 underlie the dominantly transmitted Ward-Romano long QT syndrome, which causes cardiac arrhythmia, and the recessively transmitted Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, which causes both cardiac arrhythmia and congenital deafness. KvLQT1 is also disrupted by balanced germline chromosomal rearrangements in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), which causes prenatal overgrowth and cancer. Because of the diverse human disorders and organ systems affected by this gene, we developed an animal model by inactivating the murine Kvlqt1. No electrocardiographic abnormalities were observed. However, homozygous mice exhibited complete deafness, as well as circular movement and repetitive falling, suggesting imbalance. Histochemical study revealed severe anatomic disruption of the cochlear and vestibular end organs, suggesting that Kvlqt1 is essential for normal development of the inner ear. Surprisingly, homozygous mice also displayed threefold enlargement by weight of the stomach resulting from mucous neck cell hyperplasia. Finally, there were no features of BWS, suggesting that Kvlqt1 is not responsible for BWS.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Electron flow between photosystem II and oxygen in chloroplasts of photosystem I-deficient algae is mediated by a quinol oxidase involved in chlororespiration.
- Author
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Cournac L, Redding K, Ravenel J, Rumeau D, Josse EM, Kuntz M, and Peltier G
- Subjects
- Animals, Antimycin A pharmacology, Azides pharmacology, Carbon Monoxide pharmacology, Chlorophyll metabolism, Electron Transport, Free Radical Scavengers pharmacology, Kinetics, Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes, Photosynthesis drug effects, Photosystem I Protein Complex, Photosystem II Protein Complex, Salicylamides pharmacology, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genetics, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii metabolism, Chloroplasts metabolism, Oxidoreductases metabolism, Oxygen metabolism, Oxygen Consumption, Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins genetics, Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants deficient in photosystem I because of inactivation of the chloroplast genes psaA or psaB, oxygen evolution from photosystem II occurs at significant rates and is coupled to a stimulation of oxygen uptake. Both activities can be simultaneously monitored by continuous mass spectrometry in the presence of (18)O(2). The light-driven O(2) exchange was shown to involve the plastoquinone pool as an electron carrier, but not cytochrome b(6)f. Photosystem II-dependent O(2) production and O(2) uptake were observed in isolated chloroplast fractions. Photosystem II-dependent oxygen exchange was insensitive to a variety of inhibitors (azide, carbon monoxide, cyanide, antimycin A, and salicylhydroxamic acid) and radical scavengers. It was, however, sensitive to propyl gallate. From inhibitors effects and electronic requirements of the O(2) uptake process, we conclude that an oxidase catalyzing oxidation of plastoquinol and reduction of oxygen to water is present in thylakoid membranes. From the sensitivity of flash-induced O(2) exchange to propyl gallate, we conclude that this oxidase is involved in chlororespiration. Clues to the identity of the protein implied in this process are given by pharmacological and immunological similarities with a protein (IMMUTANS) identified in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Lemierre syndrome: forgotten but not extinct--report of four cases.
- Author
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Screaton NJ, Ravenel JG, Lehner PJ, Heitzman ER, and Flower CD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Pharyngitis microbiology, Radiography, Syndrome, Fusobacterium Infections diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Four cases of Lemierre syndrome are reported in which metastatic abscesses resulted from septic thrombosis of the internal jugular vein secondary to bacterial pharyngitis. While chest radiographic findings were nonspecific, results of computed tomography (CT) of the thorax in each case were highly suggestive of septic pulmonary emboli. Internal jugular venous thrombosis was demonstrated at ultrasonography and contrast material-enhanced CT.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Inhibition of chlororespiration by myxothiazol and antimycin A in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
- Author
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Ravenel J and Peltier G
- Abstract
Myxothiazol and antimycin A are shown to suppress the oxygen transient previously attributed to the flash-induced inhibition of chlororespiration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Peltier et al. 1987, Biochim Biophys Acta 893: 83-90). However, these two compounds do not affect the photosynthetic electron transport chain as inferred by the insensitivity of the CO2-dependent photosynthetic O2 evolution and of the flash-induced electrochromic effect. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction measurements carried out in dark-adapted cells of a mutant of Chlamydomonas lacking photosystem 1, show that myxothiazol and antimycin A significantly increase the redox state of the photosystem 2 acceptors. We conclude from these results that chlororespiration is inhibited by myxothiazol and antimycin A and that the site of inhibition is located on the dark oxidation pathway of the plastoquinone pool. This inhibition is interpreted through the involvement of a myxothiazol and antimycin A sensitive cytochrome in the chlororespiratory chain.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Porcelain gallbladder.
- Author
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Gregorie HB Jr, Robertson HC 3rd, Treen B, and Ravenel JM
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous etiology, Aged, Female, Humans, Urinary Bladder Calculi complications, Adenocarcinoma etiology, Gallbladder Diseases complications, Gallbladder Neoplasms etiology
- Published
- 1982
36. Human cocidiosis. Recurrent diarrhea of 26 years duration due to Isaspora belli: A case report.
- Author
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Ravenel JM, Suggs JL, and Legerton CW
- Subjects
- Chronic Disease, Humans, Isospora isolation & purification, Male, Middle Aged, Coccidiosis, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic etiology
- Published
- 1976
37. Susceptibility to epidemic rebella in a college population.
- Author
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Finklea JF, Sandifer SH, Pitts OM, and Ravenel JM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Humans, Male, Rubella blood, South Carolina, Universities, Disease Outbreaks, Rubella epidemiology
- Published
- 1969
38. The crisis.
- Author
-
RAVENEL JJ
- Subjects
- Humans, National Health Programs
- Published
- 1951
39. A new continuous irrigating and self-retaining catheter.
- Author
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DORITIS C and RAVENEL JJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Catheterization instrumentation, Catheters, Prostate surgery, Urologic Surgical Procedures
- Published
- 1956
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Carcinoma of the esophagus.
- Author
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Parker EF, Gregorie HB Jr, Arrants JE, and Ravenel JM
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma mortality, Adenocarcinoma radiotherapy, Adenocarcinoma surgery, Adult, Aged, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell mortality, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell radiotherapy, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell surgery, Esophageal Neoplasms mortality, Esophageal Neoplasms radiotherapy, Esophageal Neoplasms surgery, Female, Humans, Male, Methods, Middle Aged, Palliative Care, Postoperative Complications, Prognosis, Radiotherapy, High-Energy, Time Factors, Adenocarcinoma therapy, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell therapy, Esophageal Neoplasms therapy
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A new anoscope.
- Author
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DORITIS C and RAVENEL JJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Endoscopes, Endoscopy instrumentation, Prostatic Neoplasms
- Published
- 1956
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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