44 results on '"Rauff, M."'
Search Results
2. Probiotic supplementation in the first 6 months of life in at risk Asian infants – effects on eczema and atopic sensitization at the age of 1 year
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Soh, S. E., Aw, M., Gerez, I., Chong, Y. S., Rauff, M., Ng, Y. P. M., Wong, H. B., Pai, N., Lee, B. W., and Shek, L. P.-C.
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- 2009
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3. In vivo model to determine fetal-cell enrichment efficiency of novel noninvasive prenatal diagnosis methods
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Ponnusamy, S., Mohammed, N., Ho, S. S. Y., Zhang, H. M., Chan, Y. H., Ng, Y. W., Su, L. L., Mahyuddin, A. P., Venkat, A., Chan, J., Rauff, M., Biswas, A., and Choolani, M.
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- 2008
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4. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian women in Singapore
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Padmapriya, N, Bernard, J Y, Liang, S, Loy, S L, Cai, S, Zhe, I S, Kwek, K, Godfrey, K M, Gluckman, P D, Saw, S M, Chong, Y.-S., Chan, J K Y, Müller-Riemenschneider, F, Sheppard, A, Chinnadurai, A, Neo Goh, A E, Rifkin-Graboi, A, Qiu, A, Biswas, A, Lee, B W, Broekman, B F P, Quah, B L, Shuter, B, Chng, C K, Ngo, C, Bong, C L, Henry, C J, Ing Chee, C Y, Daniel Goh, Y T, Fok, D, Yap, F, Heong Yeo, G S, Chen, H, van Bever, H P S, Magiati, I, Yun Wong, I B, Lau, I.Y.-M., Kapur, J, Richmond, J L, Holbrook, J D, Gooley, J J, Tan, K H, Niduvaje, K, Singh, L, Su, L L, Daniel, L M, Shek, L.P.-C., Fortier, M V, Hanson, M, Chong, M.F.-F., Rauff, M, Chua, M C, Meaney, M, Tint, M T, Karnani, N, Lek, N, Teoh, O H, Wong, P C, Agarwal, P, van Dam, R M, Rebello, S A, Chong, S C, Soh, S.-E., Lim, S B, Hsu, C.-Y.S., Rajadurai, V S, Stunkel, W, Han, W M, Pang, W W, Cheung, Y B, Chan, Y H, Lee, Y S, and APH - Mental Health
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Blood Glucose ,endocrine system diseases ,Overweight ,Logistic regression ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit ,Gestational diabetes mellitus ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Pregnancy ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Singapore ,Obstetrics ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Fasting ,Postprandial Period ,3. Good health ,Gestational diabetes ,Postprandial ,Pregnancy Trimester, Second ,Gestation ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Research Article ,Cohort study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Sitting ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Asian People ,medicine ,Humans ,Exercise ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Physical activity ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes, Gestational ,Sedentary behavior ,Logistic Models ,Linear Models ,business ,Maternal glucose levels - Abstract
Background: Few studies have investigated physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in relation to fasting (FG) and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG) levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); we investigated these associations among Asian pregnant women.Methods: As part of the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort study, PA and SB (sitting and television times) were assessed by interviewer-administered questionnaire. During 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests at 26–28 weeks' gestation we measured FG, 2hPG levels and GDM (FG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2hPG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L). Associations were analysed by multiple linear and logistic regression.Results: Among the 1083 women studied, 18.6% had GDM. SB was not associated with FG, 2hPG and GDM. Higher categories of PA were associated with lower 2hPG and a lower likelihood of GDM (p-trend p = 0.020) and were less likely to have GDM [OR: 0.56 (0.32–0.98), p = 0.040]. Stratified analysis revealed no associations among under/normal-weight women, but significant associations among overweight/obese women; in those with BMI ≥23 kg/m2, sufficiently active and highly active women were less likely to have GDM [OR: 0.52, (0.29–0.93), p = 0.028, and OR: 0.34, (0.15–0.77), p = 0.010, respectively].Conclusion: Higher PA was associated with lower 2hPG levels and a lower prevalence of GDM, particularly in overweight/obese women. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings, and to examine the effectiveness of PA promotion strategies for the prevention of gestational hyperglycemia.
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- 2017
5. Follicular-phase response in two clomiphene-human menopausal gonadotropin regimes for an in vitro fertilization program
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Ng, S. C., Ratnam, S. S., Law, H. Y., Edirisinghe, W. R., Chia, C. M., Rauff, M., Wong, P. C., Yeoh, S. C., Goh, H. H. V., and Anandakumar, C.
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- 1985
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6. Precession-based control methodology for haematopoietic stem cells harvesting.
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Tang, K.Z., Rauff, M., Tan, H.C., and Zhou, Y.
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- 2013
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7. Prenatal detection of isochromosome 21 by QF-PCR. A comparison between FISH and traditional karyotyping.
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Gole L, Lian NB, Lian NP, Rauff M, Biswas A, and Choolani M
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- 2008
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8. Lipid profiles during and after normal pregnancy.
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Loke, Diana F.M., Viegas, O.A.C., Kek, L.P., Rauff, M., Thai, A.C., Ratnam, S.S., Loke, D F, and Viegas, O A
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- 1991
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9. Improved quality of human embryos when co-cultured with human ampullary cells.
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Bongso, A, Soon-Chye, N, Sathananthan, H, Lian, N P, Rauff, M, and Ratnam, S
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EMBRYONIC physiology ,CELL culture ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CULTURE media (Biology) ,EPITHELIAL cells ,FERTILIZATION in vitro ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Cultured human, ampullary, epithelial cells obtained from fertile women undergoing hysterectomy were evaluated for the support of human embryonic cleavage and growth in vitro. Twelve patients provided 23 embryos for co-culture with subcultured ampullary cells grown in T6 + 15% patient's serum and 18 embryos for growth in T6 + 15% patient's serum alone (controls). Of embryos co-cultured with ampullary cells, 78% cleaved to the compacted embryo stage and 69% cavitated as compared with 50 and 33% respectively for controls (P less than 0.01). Only 30% of co-cultured embryos reached the expanded blastocyst and 26% underwent hatching as compared with 28% for both stages in controls. At the 2 - 4- and 6 - 8-cell stages, 91 and 87% of co-cultured embryos showed an absence or slight fragmentation as compared with 72 and 61% respectively for embryos grown in medium alone (P less than 0.01). None of the co-cultured embryos showed unequal-sized blastomeres while 22% of controls showed unequal cleavage. Embryos grown with ampullary cells cleaved slightly faster than controls. Scanning electron micrographs showed that ampullary cells collected from co-cultures were all of the secretory type with several microvilli and apical protrusions. It is clear that subcultured human ampullary cells support human embryonic cleavage and yield a reasonable number of good quality embryos up to the cavitation stage. Development past the expanded blastocyst and hatching stages seems to involve another critical phase with its own specific requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1989
10. Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on the Primary Prevention of Eczema and Allergen Sensitization in at Risk Asian Infants: a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
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Soh, S.E., Aw, M., Gerez, I., Lee, B.W., Chong, Y.S., Rauff, M., Wong, H.B., Pai, N., and Shek, L.P.C.
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- 2008
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11. Uterine activity in myotonia dystrophica. Case report.
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ARULKUMARAN, S., RAUFF, M., INGEMARSSON, I., GIBB, D. M. F., and RATNAM, S. S.
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- 1986
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12. Transient blindness associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Case reports.
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ARULKUMARAN, S., GIBB, D. M. F., RAUFF, M., KEK, L. P., and RATNAM, S. S.
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- 1985
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13. P1066 THE INFLUENCE OF BREAST COMPARED TO FORMULA FEEDING ON INFANT ADIPOSITY.
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Ng, Steven C. Y., Myo, Z. M., Chong, Y. S., Rauff, M., Nurfarah, C., and Deurenberg, P. R. M.
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- 2004
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14. Transient Blindness Associated with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Case Reports.
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Arulkumaran, S., Gibb, D. M. F., Rauff, M., Kek, L. P., and Ratnam, S. S.
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- 1986
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15. COVID-19 vaccination before or during pregnancy results in high, sustained maternal neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Delta/Omicron variants of concern, particularly following a booster dose or infection.
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Mahyuddin AP, Swa HLF, Weng R, Zhang J, Dhanaraj JP, Sesurajan BP, Rauff M, Dashraath P, Kanneganti A, Lee R, Wang LF, Young BE, Tambyah PA, Lye DC, Chai LYA, Yee S, Choolani M, and Mattar CNZ
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- Humans, Pregnancy, Female, Adult, Prospective Studies, Cross Reactions immunology, Young Adult, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Immunization, Secondary, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious prevention & control, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious immunology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Vaccination
- Abstract
Objectives: To investigate multi-dose and timings of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing antenatal infection., Design: Prospective observational study investigating primary vaccinations, boosters, antenatal COVID-19 infections, neutralizing antibody (Nab) durability, and cross-reactivity to Delta and Omicron variants of concern (VOCs)., Results: Ninety-eight patients completed primary vaccination prepregnancy (29.6%) and antenatally (63.3%), 24.2% of whom had antenatal COVID-19, while 7.1% were unvaccinated (28.6% had antenatal COVID-19). None had severe COVID-19. Prepregnancy vaccination resulted in vaccination-to-infection delay of 23.3 weeks, which extended to 45.2 weeks with a booster, compared to 16.9 weeks following antenatal vaccination (P < 0.001). Infections occurred at 26.2 weeks gestation in women vaccinated prepregnancy compared to 36.2 weeks gestation in those vaccinated during pregnancy (P < 0.007). The risk of COVID-19 infection was higher without antenatal vaccination (hazard ratio [HR] 14.6, P = 0.05) and after prepregnancy vaccination without a booster (HR 10.4, P = 0.002). Antenatal vaccinations initially led to high Nab levels, with mild waning but subsequent rebound. Significant Nab enhancement occurred with a third-trimester booster. Maternal-neonatal Nab transfer was efficient (transfer ratio >1), and cross-reactivity to VOCs was observed., Conclusion: Completing vaccination during any trimester delays COVID-19 infection and maintains effective neutralizing activity throughout pregnancy, with robust cross-reactivity to VOCs and efficient maternal-neonatal transfer., Competing Interests: Declarations of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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16. Covert Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in pregnancy.
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Dashraath P, Choo SN, Lin H, Chin HL, Su LL, Rauff M, and Choolani M
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- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications diagnosis
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests.
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- 2022
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17. Early initiation and regular breast milk expression reduces risk of lactogenesis II delay in at-risk Singaporean mothers in a randomised trial.
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Fok D, Aris IM, Ho JH, Chan YH, Rauff M, Lui JK, Cregan MD, Hartmann P, Chong YS, and Mattar CN
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- Adult, Breast Milk Expression methods, Citrates analysis, Female, Humans, Infant Formula, Infant, Newborn, Milk, Human chemistry, Mothers, Proteins analysis, Sodium analysis, Young Adult, Breast Feeding methods, Lactation physiology, Milk, Human physiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Lactogenesis II (LaII) failure can be prevented in at-risk mothers with simple proactive interventions. In a randomised trial, we investigated the efficacy of early and regular breast milk expression in establishing LaII, using an electric double-breast pump., Methods: Mothers with uncomplicated singleton deliveries were randomised to intervention (n = 31) or control (n = 29) groups. The former commenced breast milk expression with an electric pump within one hour of delivery and maintained regular expression with direct breastfeeding. Control mothers directly breastfed without regular pump expression. Expressed milk volumes were analysed for citrate, lactose, sodium and protein., Results: Median time of LaII was Day 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 1 day) with intervention and on Day 4 (IQR 1 day) among controls (p = 0.03). Biochemical steady-state concentrations were achieved around early Day 4 (sodium, total protein) and Days 4-5 (citrate, lactose). Sodium, protein and lactose levels were similar in both groups over seven days, at 5.80 mM, 0.68 mM and -13.38 mM, respectively. Mean daily milk volume with intervention was 73.9 mL on Day 3 and 225.2 mL on Day 7, greater than controls (25.4 mL on Day 3 and 69.2 mL on Day 7; p < 0.2). Mean infant weights were similar on Day 8 at 3,477 g with intervention and 3,479 g among controls., Conclusion: LaII is established by postnatal Day 3 with early initiation of regular breast milk expression, a useful intervention for mothers at risk of early-onset breastfeeding failure., (Copyright: © Singapore Medical Association.)
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- 2019
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18. Limited benefit of hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis in children of hepatitis B e antigen-negative mothers.
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Lee LY, Aw MM, Saw S, Rauff M, Tong PY, and Lee GH
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- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens blood, Hepatitis B virus, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Male, Mutation, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology, Retrospective Studies, Siblings, Hepatitis B immunology, Hepatitis B prevention & control, Hepatitis B Vaccines administration & dosage, Immunoglobulins immunology
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Introduction: In 2006, Singapore adopted the universal hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) policy. Since then, all infants of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers receive HBIg, irrespective of maternal hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status. However, the benefits of HBIg for infants of HBeAg-negative mothers are unclear. We compared the vertical transmission rates among children of HBeAg-negative mothers who were given HBIg versus a retrospective cohort who were not given HBIg, to determine its protective effect., Methods: This observational study involved pregnant HBsAg-positive women seen at National University Hospital, Singapore, between June 2009 and December 2013. If the infants of these mothers completed the recommended vaccination schedule, they were recruited into the study, along with their older siblings. Serological testing for the children was performed three months after completion of the last dose of vaccine, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface gene sequencing was carried out if HBV DNA was detected., Results: A total of 111 infants and 47 siblings were recruited. 2 (1.5%) children were found to have vertical transmission despite receiving HBIg, while no incidences of vertical transmission were found among the historical controls who did not receive HBIg (p = 1.00)., Conclusion: The overall effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination programme for children of HBsAg-positive mothers was high, regardless of HBIg administration. The addition of HBIg did not appear to confer additional benefits, in terms of vertical transmission rate, among infants born to HBeAg-negative mothers., (Copyright: © Singapore Medical Association)
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- 2016
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19. Hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis failure and the presence of hepatitis B surface gene mutants in the affected children.
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Lee le Y, Aw M, Rauff M, Loh KS, Lim SG, and Lee GH
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- Adult, Cohort Studies, DNA, Viral chemistry, DNA, Viral genetics, Female, Hepatitis B virology, Hepatitis B virus isolation & purification, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pregnancy, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Singapore, Treatment Failure, Young Adult, Hepatitis B prevention & control, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens genetics, Hepatitis B virus genetics, Hepatitis B virus immunology, Immunization methods, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Mutant Proteins genetics
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is usually vertically transmitted from the mother to child during birth in Asian countries. Despite immunization, immunoprophylaxis failure is well-documented. The aim of the study was to study immunoprophylaxis failure rate in the cohort of infants delivered by chronic HBV-infected mothers and to determine risk factors for failure. This was an observational study involving chronic hepatitis B infected mothers seen at a tertiary care center in Singapore between June 2009 and December 2013. Infants born to these mothers were recruited after they had completed the recommended vaccination schedule. Serological testing for the children was performed 3 months after completion of the last dose of vaccine. HBV surface gene sequencing was carried out if HBV DNA was detectable in the children. Among the 161 mothers enrolled, most were HBeAg negative. HBeAg positive mothers were younger and had a significantly higher viral load (6.5 log) as compared to HBeAg negative mothers (1.35 log) (P < 0.001). Four children (2.6%) were found to have immunoprophylaxis failure. Two occurred in children delivered by mothers with extremely high viral load of more than 5 × 10(7) IU/ml. HBV surface gene mutations were detected in most children (3 out of 4) with immunoprophylaxis failure. The overall effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination program was high. High maternal viral load and presence of surface gene mutants may be potential contributors., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
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- 2015
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20. Serratia septicaemia in pregnancy: further evidence of altered immune response to severe bacterial infection in pregnancy.
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Chai LY, Rauff M, Ong JS, Kee AC, and Teo FS
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- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious microbiology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes isolation & purification
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- 2011
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21. The influence of maternal ethnic group and diet on breast milk fatty acid composition.
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Su LL, S K TC, Lim SL, Chen Y, Tan EA, Pai NN, Gong YH, Foo J, Rauff M, and Chong YS
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- Arachidonic Acids metabolism, Diet Records, Docosahexaenoic Acids metabolism, Eicosapentaenoic Acid metabolism, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, India ethnology, Malaysia ethnology, Nutritional Status, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Singapore, Statistics, Nonparametric, Breast Feeding ethnology, Diet, Fatty Acids metabolism, Maternal Welfare, Milk, Human chemistry, Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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Introduction: Breast milk fatty acids play a major role in infant development. However, no data have compared the breast milk composition of different ethnic groups living in the same environment. We aimed to (i) investigate breast milk fatty acid composition of three ethnic groups in Singapore and (ii) determine dietary fatty acid patterns in these groups and any association with breast milk fatty acid composition., Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Healthy pregnant women with the intention to breastfeed were recruited. Diet profile was studied using a standard validated 3-day food diary. Breast milk was collected from mothers at 1 to 2 weeks and 6 to 8 weeks postnatally. Agilent gas chromatograph (6870N) equipped with a mass spectrometer (5975) and an automatic liquid sampler (ALS) system with a split mode was used for analysis., Results: Seventy-two breast milk samples were obtained from 52 subjects. Analysis showed that breast milk ETA (Eicosatetraenoic acid) and ETA:EA (Eicosatrienoic acid) ratio were significantly different among the races (P = 0.031 and P = 0.020), with ETA being the highest among Indians and the lowest among Malays. Docosahexaenoic acid was significantly higher among Chinese compared to Indians and Malays. No difference was demonstrated in n3 and n6 levels in the food diet analysis among the 3 ethnic groups., Conclusions: Differences exist in breast milk fatty acid composition in different ethnic groups in the same region, although no difference was demonstrated in the diet analysis. Factors other than maternal diet may play a role in breast milk fatty acid composition.
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- 2010
22. Development of quantitative-fluorescence polymerase chain reaction for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of common chromosomal aneuploidies in 1,000 samples in Singapore.
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Baig S, Ho SS, Ng BL, Chiu L, Koay ES, Leow GH, Gole L, Kothandaraman N, Chan J, Sun X, Chan YH, Rauff M, Su LL, Biswas A, and Choolani M
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- Female, Heterozygote, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Karyotyping, Male, Microsatellite Repeats, Polymorphism, Genetic, Pregnancy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Singapore, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Prenatal Diagnosis methods
- Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to develop a rapid quantitative-fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) to detect common foetal aneuploidies in the Singapore population within 48 hours of sample collection in order to alleviate parental anxiety., Methods: DNA from 1,000 foetal samples (978 amniotic fluids, 14 chorion villi and eight foetal blood samples) was analysed using a QF-PCR of 19 microsatellite markers located on chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y. A total of 523 samples were archived before the QF-PCR analysis (archived), while QF-PCR was performed and the results obtained within 48 hours of sample collection in the remaining 477 samples (live). The results were confirmed with their respective karyotypes., Results: In total, 47 autosomal trisomies (T) were found: 30 among the archived (three T13, 12 T18, 15 T21) and 17 among the live (four T18, 13 T21) samples. The QF-PCR results were verified with their respective karyotypes. We achieved 100 percent sensitivity (lower 95 percent confidence interval [CI], 92.8 percent) and specificity (lower 95 percent CI, 99.5 percent), and the time taken from sample collection to the obtaining of results for the 477 live samples was less than 48 hours., Conclusion: Prenatal diagnostic results of common chromosomal abnormalities can be released within 48 hours of sample collection using QF-PCR. Parental anxiety is alleviated and clinical management is enhanced with this short waiting time.
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- 2010
23. Noninvasive prenatal exclusion of haemoglobin Bart's using foetal DNA from maternal plasma.
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Ho SS, Chong SS, Koay ES, Ponnusamy S, Chiu L, Chan YH, Rauff M, Baig S, Chan J, Su LL, Biswas A, Hahn S, and Choolani M
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- Adult, DNA genetics, Fathers, Female, Fluorescence, Gene Deletion, Hemoglobins, Abnormal analysis, Humans, Hydrops Fetalis blood, Hydrops Fetalis genetics, Male, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Microsatellite Repeats, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Reproducibility of Results, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, alpha-Thalassemia blood, alpha-Thalassemia genetics, Hemoglobins, Abnormal genetics, Hydrops Fetalis diagnosis, Prenatal Diagnosis methods, alpha-Thalassemia diagnosis
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Objective: Prenatal diagnosis of alpha-thalassaemia requires invasive testing associated with a risk of miscarriage. Cell-free foetal DNA in maternal plasma presents an alternative source of foetal genetic material for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. We aimed to exclude HbBart's noninvasively by detection of unaffected paternal alleles in maternal plasma using quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF-PCR)., Method: Microsatellite markers (16PTEL05, 16PTEL06) within the breakpoint regions of -(SEA), -(FIL) and -(THAI) deletions were analysed using QF-PCR of maternal plasma from 30 families. In this blinded study, genotypes were confirmed using conventional PCR. Maternal plasma from two known cases of HbBart's were also analysed., Results: HbBart's was excluded in 10 out of 30 (33.3%, 95% CI, 17.3-52.8%) mothers by identifying the presence of nondeleted paternally inherited fetal alleles; either only 16PTEL05 (n = 1) or only 16PTEL06 (n = 4), or both (n = 5), and confirmed through direct analysis of fetal DNA. Paternally inherited foetal alleles of 16PTEL05 and 16PTEL06 were not detected in maternal plasma of the two known HbBarts cases. False negatives were excluded with the detection of paternally inherited fetal control marker, D21S1270 in maternal plasma., Conclusion: We show proof-of-principle that such a test can accurately exclude HbBart's in the foetus by identifying the nondeleted paternally inherited fetal alleles in maternal plasma in one out of three pregnancies, avoiding invasive testing in these pregnancies., (Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
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- 2010
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24. Carbetocin versus syntometrine for the third stage of labour following vaginal delivery--a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
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Su LL, Rauff M, Chan YH, Mohamad Suphan N, Lau TP, Biswas A, and Chong YS
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- Adolescent, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Ergonovine adverse effects, Female, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Labor Stage, Third, Middle Aged, Obstetric Labor Complications chemically induced, Oxytocics adverse effects, Oxytocin administration & dosage, Oxytocin adverse effects, Postpartum Hemorrhage chemically induced, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Ergonovine administration & dosage, Obstetric Labor Complications prevention & control, Oxytocics administration & dosage, Oxytocin analogs & derivatives, Postpartum Hemorrhage prevention & control
- Abstract
Objective: Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage is essential in the pursuit of improved health care for women. However, limited literature is available for comparing the use of oxytocin agonist carbetocin with syntometrine in women undergoing vaginal deliveries. We aimed to compare intramuscular carbetocin with intramuscular syntometrine for the routine prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in women who deliver vaginally., Design: Prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial., Setting: Tertiary referral centre., Population: Pregnant women with no contraindication for vaginal delivery recruited from January 2005 to April 2008., Methods: Participants were randomised to receive either syntometrine or carbetocin during the third stage of labour., Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome measure was postpartum haemorrhage requiring additional uterotonics. Secondary outcome measures were the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (> or =500 ml), severe postpartum haemorrhage (> or =1000 ml) and adverse effects profile., Results: Women in the carbetocin group (13.5%) and in the syntometrine group (16.8%) had postpartum haemorrhage requiring additional uterotonics (P = 0.384). 1.6% of women in each group had postpartum haemorrhage (P = 1.0) and the estimated blood loss during the third stage of labour was similar between the two groups (P = 0.294). Women who had syntometrine were four times more likely to experience nausea (RR = 4.2; 95% CI 2.2-7.8) and vomiting (RR = 4.3; 95% CI 1.9-9.5) compared with women who had carbetocin. Tremor, sweating, retching and uterine pain were also more likely in the syntometrine group compared with the carbetocin group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Carbetocin has an efficacy similar to syntometrine for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, but is associated with less adverse effects.
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- 2009
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25. Antenatal education and postnatal support strategies for improving rates of exclusive breast feeding: randomised controlled trial.
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Su LL, Chong YS, Chan YH, Chan YS, Fok D, Tun KT, Ng FS, and Rauff M
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- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Singapore, Social Support, Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data, Patient Education as Topic methods, Postnatal Care methods, Prenatal Care methods
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether antenatal breast feeding education alone or postnatal lactation support alone improves rates of exclusive breast feeding compared with routine hospital care., Design: Randomised controlled trial., Setting: A tertiary hospital in Singapore., Participants: 450 women with uncomplicated pregnancies., Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were rates of exclusive breast feeding at discharge from hospital and two weeks, six weeks, three months, and six months after delivery. Secondary outcomes were rates of any breast feeding., Results: Compared with women who received routine care, women in the postnatal support group were more likely to breastfeed exclusively at two weeks (relative risk 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 2.90), six weeks (1.85, 1.11 to 3.09), three months (1.87, 1.03 to 3.41), and six months (2.12, 1.03 to 4.37) postnatally. Women receiving antenatal education were more likely to breast feed exclusively at six weeks (1.73, 1.04 to 2.90), three months (1.92, 1.07 to 3.48), and six months (2.16, 1.05 to 4.43) postnatally. The numbers needed to treat to achieve one woman exclusively breast feeding at six months were 11 (6 to 80) for postnatal support and 10 (6 to 60) for antenatal education. Women who received postnatal support were more likely to exclusively or predominantly breast feed two weeks after delivery compared with women who received antenatal education (1.53, 1.01 to 2.31). The rate of any breastfeeding six weeks after delivery was also higher in the postnatal support group compared with women who received routine care (1.16, 1.02 to 1.31)., Conclusions: Antenatal breast feeding education and postnatal lactation support, as single interventions based in hospital both significantly improve rates of exclusive breast feeding up to six months after delivery. Postnatal support was marginally more effective than antenatal education., Trial Registration: Clinical Trials NCT00270920 [ClinicalTrials.gov].
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- 2007
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26. Differential recovery of membrane proteins after extraction by aqueous methanol and trifluoroethanol.
- Author
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Zhang H, Lin Q, Ponnusamy S, Kothandaraman N, Lim TK, Zhao C, Kit HS, Arijit B, Rauff M, Hew CL, Chung MC, Joshi SB, and Choolani M
- Subjects
- Adult, Chromatography, Liquid, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Humans, Mass Spectrometry, Membrane Proteins chemistry, Molecular Sequence Data, Solvents chemistry, Cell Membrane chemistry, Erythrocytes chemistry, Membrane Proteins isolation & purification, Methanol chemistry, Trifluoroethanol chemistry
- Abstract
Cell membrane proteome analysis is limited by inherent membrane hydrophobicity. Conventional membrane protein extraction techniques use detergents, chaotropes and organic acids that require sample clean-up or pH adjustment, and are associated with significant sample loss. We extracted membrane proteins from red blood cells (RBCs) using methanol (MeOH), trifluoroethanol (TFE) and urea, and identified membrane proteins using 2-D LC coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. We show that organic solvents MeOH- and TFE-based methods have membrane protein analysis efficiencies comparable to urea, and are complementary for the recovery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides. The mean grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) value of identified peptides from the TFE-based method (-0.107) was significantly higher than that of the MeOH-based method (-0.465) (p<0.001). Sequential and adjunctive use of the organic solvents MeOH and TFE increases the number of proteins identified, and the confidence of their identification. We show that this strategy is effective for shotgun membrane proteome analysis.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Microsatellite markers within --SEA breakpoints for prenatal diagnosis of HbBarts hydrops fetalis.
- Author
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Ho SS, Chong SS, Koay ES, Chan YH, Sukumar P, Chiu LL, Wang W, Roy A, Rauff M, Su LL, Biswas A, and Choolani M
- Subjects
- Alleles, Cell Line, DNA genetics, Female, Fetus, Heterozygote, Humans, Hydrops Fetalis genetics, Male, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Genetic, Pregnancy, Globins genetics, Hemoglobins, Abnormal, Hydrops Fetalis diagnosis, Microsatellite Repeats, Prenatal Diagnosis methods
- Abstract
Background: We sought to develop a rapid prenatal diagnostic test for simultaneous detection of HbBarts hydrops fetalis and exclusion of maternal contamination., Methods: We developed a multiplex quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR) test that detects the presence/ absence of 2 microsatellite markers (16PTEL05/16PTEL06) located within breakpoints of the Southeast Asia ((-SEA)) deletion. HbBarts hydrops fetalis ((-SEA/-SEA)) is diagnosed by absence of both markers, and maternal contamination of fetal DNA is excluded by absence of noninherited maternal alleles. Fetal and parental DNA samples from 50 families were analyzed in a blinded clinical validation study, and QF-PCR results were compared with their respective molecular genotypes., Results: The multiplex QF-PCR results included correct diagnoses of HbBarts hydrops fetalis in 11 of the fetuses tested, correct verification as unaffected in 20 fetuses, and correct identification as either carriers (alphaalpha/(-SEA)) or unaffected homozygotes in 18. Misidentification as unaffected occurred for 1 carrier. Sensitivity for diagnosis of HbBarts hydrops fetalis was 100% [lower 95% confidence interval, 76.2%], and specificity was 100% (lower 95% confidence interval, 92.6%). None of the samples tested showed any traces of noninherited maternal alleles; thus false-positives because of maternal contamination were eliminated., Conclusions: In this QF-PCR method, detection of maternally and paternally inherited fetal alleles allowed diagnosis of the double-deletion syndrome, and the ability to differentiate between these alleles allowed simultaneous exclusion of maternal contamination of the fetal genetic material. This novel strategy using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma could form the basis for noninvasive testing for HbBarts hydrops fetalis.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Genome-wide gene expression profiling of human mast cells stimulated by IgE or FcepsilonRI-aggregation reveals a complex network of genes involved in inflammatory responses.
- Author
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Jayapal M, Tay HK, Reghunathan R, Zhi L, Chow KK, Rauff M, and Melendez AJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Immunoglobulin E physiology, Inflammation immunology, RNA, Messenger analysis, Receptors, IgG physiology, Up-Regulation genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Genome, Human genetics, Immunity genetics, Inflammation genetics, Mast Cells immunology
- Abstract
Background: Mast cells are well established effectors of IgE-triggered allergic reactions and immune responses to parasitic infections. Recent studies indicate that mast cells may play roles in adaptive and innate immunity, suggesting an innovative view of the regulation of immune responses. Here, we profiled the transcriptome of human mast cells sensitized with IgE alone, or stimulated by FcepsilonRI aggregation., Results: Our data show that among 8,793 genes examined, 559 genes are differentially regulated in stimulated mast cells when compared with resting/unstimulated mast cells. The major functional categories of upregulated genes include cytokines, chemokines, and other genes involved in innate and adaptive immune-responses. We observed the increased expression of over 63 gene-transcripts following IgE-sensitization alone. Our data was validated using Real-Time-PCR; ELISA and western blot. We confirmed that IgE alone does not trigger mast cell-immediate responses, such as calcium signals, degranulation or protein-phosphorylation., Conclusion: This report represents a substantial advance in our understanding of the genome wide effects triggered by "passive sensitization" or active stimulation of human mast cells, supporting mast cells' potential involvement in a wide range of inflammatory responses.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Cardiac time intervals of normal fetuses using noninvasive fetal electrocardiography.
- Author
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Chia EL, Ho TF, Rauff M, and Yip WC
- Subjects
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac embryology, Arrhythmias, Cardiac physiopathology, Cardiotocography methods, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Arrhythmias, Cardiac diagnosis, Electrocardiography methods, Heart Rate, Fetal physiology
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the fetal cardiac time intervals from the longitudinal analysis of noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (fECG) in normal pregnancies., Methods: One hundred singleton pregnancies were examined in this longitudinal study. Cardiac time intervals were derived from fetal electrocardiograms obtained noninvasively using three electrodes placed on the maternal abdomen. The variables measured included the durations of the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval and T wave., Results: Success rates for detecting the P, QRS and T waves were 74.6, 91.0 and 79.3%, respectively. Cardiac time intervals were significantly influenced by fetal age. The mean P-wave duration increased from 43.9 (18--22 weeks) to 52.9 ms (>/=37 weeks) (p < 0.001). PR intervals were 102.1 and 110.1 ms, for fetuses at 18 to 22 and >/=37 weeks (p < 0.001), respectively. QRS intervals were 47.2 and 52.6 ms (p < 0.001), while QT intervals were 224.0 and 242.7 ms (p < 0.001), at 18 to 22 and >/=37 weeks respectively. From 18 to 22 weeks to >/=37 weeks, QT(c) values increased from 343.8 to 367.7 ms (p < 0.001), while T-wave durations increased from 123.8 to 152.4 ms (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Serial noninvasive fECG of normal fetuses from 18 to 41 weeks of gestation show good success rates of fECG detection. Cardiac time intervals generally increased with increasing gestational age., (Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The influence of breast feeding compared to formula feeding on infant adiposity.
- Author
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Ng SC, Chong YS, Rauff M, Myo ZM, Nurfarah C, and Deurenberg PR
- Subjects
- Adipose Tissue, Anthropometry, Humans, Infant, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Body Composition, Breast Feeding, Infant Formula
- Published
- 2004
31. The 75 and 50g OGTT response in normal pregnant women.
- Author
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Loke DF, Kek LP, Rauff M, Thai AC, Viegas OA, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Glucose analysis, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Diabetics blood, Risk Factors, World Health Organization, Glucose Tolerance Test, Pregnancy in Diabetics diagnosis
- Abstract
The 75 and 50g OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) responses were studied in 86 normal healthy pregnant women (mean age 28.7 +/- 0.4 (SEM) years) at 28 and 32 weeks respectively. Of these were 50 Chinese, 20 Malays and 16 Indians. Mean glucose responses at fasting, 1 and 2h post glucose load were 78.3 +/- 0.7, 132.2 +/- 2.8 and 116.2 +/- 2.1 mg/dl respectively for the 75g OGTT and 78.5 +/- 0.7, 130.5 +/- 2.5 and 106.7 +/- 1.8 mg/dl respectively for the 50g OGTT. Except for the 2h responses, corresponding responses between both OGTTs were not significantly different. All races showed a similar OGTT response. Using a set criteria for diagnosis of abnormals resulted in gross inconsistency in the number of abnormals diagnosed for both OGTTs. However, the use of 95th percentile shows a closer agreement in the diagnosis of abnormal cases for both OGTTs. Also, the 2h OGTT response for the 75g OGTT is higher than that of WHO's criteria for impaired glucose tolerance. This emphasizes the need to establish our own reference range.
- Published
- 1991
32. Serum fructosamine concentrations in Singapore pregnant women.
- Author
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Thai AC, Kek LP, Ng WY, Viegas OA, and Rauff M
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Fructosamine, Glucose Tolerance Test instrumentation, Humans, Random Allocation, Reference Values, Singapore, Time Factors, Hexosamines blood, Pregnancy blood, Pregnancy in Diabetics blood
- Abstract
Serum fructosamine levels in women at pregnancy (28 weeks' gestation) were determined. The women (n = 99) also participated in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a 75g liquid glucose load, to determine their glucose tolerance. At 32 weeks' gestation, seventy-nine of them repeated the oral glucose tolerance test and fructosamine measurement. Results showed that fructosamine levels in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (2.20 +/- 0.19 mmol/l, n = 76), were not statistically different from those with glucose intolerance (gestational diabetes: 2.19 +/- 0.22 mmol/l, n = 23) at 28 weeks' and also 32 weeks' gestation. However, serum fructosamine levels in pregnant women were lower than those in non-pregnant subjects. Serum fructosamine measurement is not a sufficiently sensitive test for diagnosis of gestational diabetes.
- Published
- 1990
33. Hysterosalpingography. 1. The incidence of tubal spasm during hysterosalpingography.
- Author
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Anandakumar C, Rauff M, Wong E, Wong PC, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Fallopian Tube Patency Tests, Female, Humans, Spasm etiology, Fallopian Tube Diseases etiology, Hysterosalpingography adverse effects
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A longitudinal study of fetal biparietal diameter measurements in Chinese women.
- Author
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Lim C, Leong KE, Wong YM, Rauff M, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Cephalometry methods, China ethnology, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Pregnancy, Singapore, Ultrasonography, Fetus anatomy & histology, Parietal Bone anatomy & histology
- Published
- 1981
35. Hysterosalpingography. II. The efficacy of glucagon as a spasmolytic in overcoming tubal spasm during hysterosalpingography.
- Author
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Anandakumar C, Rauff M, Wong E, Wong PC, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Drug Evaluation, Female, Humans, Spasm drug therapy, Fallopian Tube Diseases drug therapy, Glucagon therapeutic use, Hysterosalpingography adverse effects, Parasympatholytics therapeutic use
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Transient blindness associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Case reports.
- Author
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Arulkumaran S, Gibb DM, Rauff M, Kek LP, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Adult, Blindness physiopathology, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Reflex, Pupillary, Time Factors, Blindness etiology, Hypertension complications, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Hyperprolactinemia in subfertile patients -- an analysis of twenty-nine cases.
- Author
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Lim C, Rauff M, Goh VH, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Amenorrhea complications, Anovulation complications, Female, Galactorrhea complications, Humans, Pituitary Neoplasms blood, Pituitary Neoplasms diagnosis, Pregnancy, Infertility, Female blood, Prolactin blood
- Published
- 1981
38. Abortion deaths in Singapore (1968-1976).
- Author
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Lim LS, Cheng MC, Rauff M, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Singapore, Time Factors, Abortion, Spontaneous mortality
- Published
- 1979
39. Uterine activity in myotonia dystrophica. Case report.
- Author
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Arulkumaran S, Rauff M, Ingemarsson I, Gibb DM, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Labor, Obstetric, Pregnancy, Uterine Contraction, Myotonic Dystrophy physiopathology, Pregnancy Complications physiopathology, Uterus physiopathology
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Fertilization of the human egg and growth of the human zygote in vitro: the Singapore experience.
- Author
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Ng SC, Ratnam SS, Law HY, Edirisinghe WR, Chia CM, Rauff M, Wong PC, Yeoh SC, Anandakumar C, and Goh HH
- Subjects
- Cleavage Stage, Ovum physiology, Embryo Transfer, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Time Factors, Fertilization in Vitro, Zygote physiology
- Published
- 1985
41. Rapid karyotyping of spontaneous abortions with trophoblastic villi.
- Author
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Chua S, Yeoh SC, Ng PL, Hagarty A, Rauff M, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Adult, Aneuploidy, Female, Humans, Karyotyping, Maternal Age, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Pregnancy, High-Risk, Abortion, Spontaneous pathology, Chorionic Villi pathology, Chorionic Villi Sampling methods
- Abstract
24-hour short term culture of trophoblastic villi provided rapid and accurate karyotypes in spontaneous first trimester abortions. Good quality metaphases were obtained in 60.0% of villous cultures if these were set up within 8 hours of uterine evacuation, in contrast to the 10.3% success rate with intervals longer than 8 hours. 21% (4 of 19) of first trimester pregnancy losses were chromosomally abnormal, 3 of which were examples of autosomal trisomy; in 2 cases, the mothers were more than 37 years of age. The results of successful karyotyping reported here compare well with previous reports of long term culture of minced fetal material. Further, the risks of infected cultures, maternal contamination and pseudomosaicism are minimal with the short-term culture technique described here. Chorionic villi isolated from spontaneously aborted material are a simple and practicable source of fetal material for rapid and accurate cytogenic diagnosis in early spontaneous abortions.
- Published
- 1989
42. Accuracy of fetal weight estimation by ultrasound.
- Author
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Anandakumar C, Wong YC, Rauff M, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Birth Weight, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Fetus anatomy & histology, Ultrasonography
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Alternatives to female sterilization.
- Author
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Ratnam SS, Rauff M, and Chew SC
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies analysis, Chlormadinone Acetate administration & dosage, Chorionic Gonadotropin immunology, Chorionic Gonadotropin pharmacology, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Haplorhini, Humans, Immunization, Injections, Intrauterine Devices, Male, Medroxyprogesterone administration & dosage, Norethindrone administration & dosage, Ovum immunology, Papio, Rabbits, Sheep, Spermatozoa immunology, Sterilization Reversal, Vasectomy, Sterilization, Reproductive
- Abstract
With national policies aimed at reaching zero population growth in the shortest possible time, many countries have introduced restrictive legislation and disincentive programs in an attempt to decrease family size norms to 2 or 3 children. As a result, younger women of lower parity are being sterilized, with consequences that will be seen in the years to come. Although female sterilization is usually associated with minimal complications and side effects and is highly effective without continuing motivation or promotion, it has the disadvantage of causing permanent, essentially irreversible sterility. Therefore, it will not be readily acceptable to a large portion of the population. For many women, alternatives must be sought. Reversible methods of female or male sterilization, longacting systemic contraceptives, longacting implants, and immunization against implantation or sperm antigens are potential alternatives, but all are still in experimental stages of development. Intrauterine devices and injectables are the 2 most effective alternatives now available. The use of intrauterine devices with abortion as a backup in case of contraceptive failure ranks high as an alternative to female sterilization.
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Establishment of human ampullary cell cultures.
- Author
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Bongso A, Ng SC, Sathananthan H, Ng PL, Rauff M, and Ratnam SS
- Subjects
- Adult, Culture Techniques methods, Epithelial Cells, Epithelium ultrastructure, Female, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Cells, Cultured, Fallopian Tubes
- Abstract
Epithelial cells from the ampulla of healthy oviducts from 16 women aged 33-41 years and at different phases of their menstrual cycles were used to establish primary cultures and the continuation of a cell line. The morphology and behaviour of these cells in vitro were evaluated using Nomarski's inverted optics, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cells from all patients produced confluent monolayers in 6-7 days with no significant relationship of cell growth with stage of cycle. Fourteen primary cultures were of the epithelioid type while two showed mixed epithelioid and fibroblast-like growth. Two distinct cell types (ciliated and secretory) were observed in primary culture. Secretory cells showed several microvilli of different lengths and distribution. Secretory cells predominated over ciliated cells in all patients, but maximum ciliation occurred around the time of ovulation. Structural features of the cells in vitro were remarkably similar to those described in vivo. Ampullary cells could be maintained in vitro through four to six passages with 3-4 days of growth between passages. Sub-cultured cells were all secretory and were of two types (I and II) based on ultrastructure. Secretory vesicles containing electron-dense material and lipids were observed in these cells. The method described allows for the use of ampullary cells as feeder layers for IVF and support of cleaving human embryos and the evaluation of the biochemical events surrounding fertilization and ectopic pregnancies.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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