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In this paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of isolated periodic traveling wave solutions of a family of nonlinear reaction–convection–diffusion equations using the monotonicity of the ratio of Abelian integrals. A numerical study is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to develop glasses that are thermally reflective, radiation-resistant, and mechanically robust. We have synthesized the La(20-x)Pb10B70:Eux series of glasses in this regard. Then, characterization, radiation shielding, structural analysis (Raman, FT-IR, DTA, SEM, XRD, and EDX), dielectrics, thermoluminescence are planned. The XRD and SEM analyses of the test samples reveal a vitreous appearance. The chemical constituents are identified by the EDX analysis in terms of their percentage of atomic weight. The density (2.592 g/cm3) and molar volume (45.44 cm3 mol−1) of the fabricated glass were evaluated as physical properties. The glass transition temperature (approximately 273 °C) and thermal stabilities (0.656 percent) of glasses are determined to be solely dependent on Eu3+ ions, according to DTA investigations. FT-IR and Raman analyses were employed to determine the various structural vibrations of the sample glass. By employing the ultrasonic velocities of the test glasses, an assessment was conducted on the micro-hardness of the glass (5.01 GPa). The shielding characteristics of radiation, such as RPE (31.6 percent) and MAC (16.9 cm2/g), indicate that the shielding behavior is solely the result of the Eu3+ ions. It has been observed that TL properties are examined at gamma irradiation intensities ranging from 5 to 25 kGy. An evaluation was conducted on the frequency factor (3.225 × 1021 S−1) and A.E. (1.785 eV) of glasses. The findings indicate that the TL characteristics of glasses are solely influenced by the Eu3+ ions. Additionally, the investigation of the dielectric properties of glasses was ascertained. The analysis focused on the dielectric constant (8.891), dielectric loss (0.026), ac conductivity (0.735 × 10–8 Ω−1 cm−1), and A.E. (1.051 eV) values of the fabricated glass. The findings suggest that the dielectric properties of glasses are entirely determined by the presence of Eu3+ ions. Overall the LBPE-1.5 glass found to be best in the structural, mechanical, optical, dielectric, radiation shielding and thermoluminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores wind energy control systems, with a special emphasis on the implementation of Enhanced Direct Torque Control (DTC) in wind turbines that use Doubly Fed Induction Machines (DFIM). The main goals are to improve the turbines' ability to withstand voltage fluctuations in the power grid and remove the need for crowbar protection by including an LCL filter. The study highlights the crucial importance of Enhanced DTC in ensuring the steady functioning of turbines under demanding grid circumstances, including as voltage swings. The use of an LCL filter is crucial in reducing high-frequency elements, thereby minimizing the effects of voltage dips. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the enhanced control structure produced via the removal of crowbar protection, eventually enhancing the dependability of the system. Finally, the proposed work enhances the optimization of wind turbines that use DFIM technology by using sophisticated control algorithms. This adds to improving the efficiency and sustainability of wind energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microbial communities are important drivers of biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, organic matter decomposition, soil organic carbon, and Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs: CO2, N2O, and CH4) and are influenced by crop and soil management practices. The knowledge on the impact of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil bacterial diversity, nutrient availability, and GHG emissions in semiarid regions under rainfed conditions is vital to develop sustainable agricultural practices, but such information has not been systemically documented. Hence, studies were conducted for 10 years in rainfed pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)-- castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cropping system under semi-arid conditions to assess the effects of tillage and crop residue levels on the soil bacterial diversity, enzyme activity (Dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase), GHG emissions, and soil available nutrients (Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Sequencing of soil DNA through Illumina HiSeqbased 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology has revealed that bacterial community responded to both tillage and residue levels. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in terms of Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTUs) at phyla, class as well as genera level was higher in CA (NTR1: No Tillage + 10 cm anchored residue and NTR2 NT + 30 cm anchored residue) over CT (conventional tillage without crop residues). CA resulted in higher enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase) and reduction in GHG emissions over CT. CA recorded 34% higher and 3% lower OC, as compared to CT, and CTR1, respectively. CA recorded 10, 34, and 26% higher available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium over CT and CTR1, respectively. NTR1 recorded 25 and 38% lower N2O emissions as compared to CTR1 and CTR2, respectively. Whereas only NT recorded 12% higher N2O emissions as compared to CT. Overall, the results of the study indicate that CA improves the relative abundance of soil bacterial communities, nutrient availability, and enzyme activities, and may help to contribute to the mitigation of climate change, and sustainability in rainfed areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural development and farmers' welfare occupy a central place in the development goals of India. Various pathways which have evolved over the years have been implemented in the country to propel agricultural growth by shifting its focus from achieving food sufficiency to sustainable income and inclusive growth. The Farmer FIRST Programme (FFP), an innovative frontline extension program of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), was launched in 2016 to enhance the reach and effectiveness of agricultural research with a multi-stakeholder approach. This paper evaluates the outcomes of the FFP implemented in ICAR institutions for the upscaling of those promising technologies, which have resulted in a significant impact on the farming community. The criteria chosen for assessing the outcomes are farm income, cropping intensity, use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and organic manure, and nutritional security. The data were collected from 50 FFP-implementing institutions for the period 2016–2021 and grouped into six different zones. The results revealed that there is a significant increase in income, cropping intensity, nutritional security, and saving pesticides through this program. The nutritional security, measured using cereal equivalent quantity (CEQ), showed a considerable increase in average consumption in all the zones. Overall, FFP interventions have resulted in achieving significantly higher income and the nutritional security of the farmholds compared to the control. The recorded results are favorable for scaling up and institutionalizing the FFP approach at the national level. The study recommends a participatory mode of an interdisciplinary approach for the effective scaling-up of the FFP across the agricultural research and development landscape of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate models project that many terrestrial ecosystems will become drier over the course of this century, leading to a drastic increase in the global extent of arid soils. In order to decrease the effects of climate change on global food security, it is crucial to understand the arid environment and the constraints associated with arid soils. Although the effects of aridity on aboveground organisms have been studied extensively, our understanding of how it affects soil processes and nutrient cycling is lacking. One of the primary agricultural constraints, particularly in arid locations, is water scarcity, due to which arid soils are characterized by sparse vegetation cover, low soil organic carbon, poor soil structure, reduced soil biodiversity, and a high rate of soil erosion via wind. Increased aridity will limit the availability of essential plant nutrients and crop growth, and subsequently pose serious threats to key ecological processes and services. The increasing rate of soil salinization is another major environmental hazard that further limits the agricultural potential of arid soils. These soil constraints can be ameliorated and the crop yields increased through case-specific optimization of irrigation and drainage management, enhancing the native beneficial soil microbes, and combinations of soil amendments, conditioners, and residue management. This review explores technologies to ameliorate soil constraints and increase yields to maintain crop output in arid soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]